Motion capture (sometimes referred as mo-cap or mocap , for short) is the process of recording the movement of objects or people. It is used in military , entertainment , sports , medical applications, and for validation of computer vision and robots. In films, television shows and video games, motion capture refers to recording actions of human actors and using that information to animate digital character models in 2D or 3D computer animation . When it includes face and fingers or captures subtle expressions, it is often referred to as performance capture . In many fields, motion capture is sometimes called motion tracking , but in filmmaking and games, motion tracking usually refers more to match moving .
195-515: Square 's 2001 role-playing video game Final Fantasy X is the tenth game of the Final Fantasy series. It features several fictional characters designed by Tetsuya Nomura , who wanted the main characters' designs and names to be connected with their personalities and roles in the plot. The game takes place in Spira , which features multiple tribes. The game's sequel, Final Fantasy X-2 ,
390-684: A box office failure of Mars Needs Moms . Television series produced entirely with motion capture animation include Laflaque in Canada, Sprookjesboom and Cafe de Wereld in The Netherlands, and Headcases in the UK. Virtual reality and Augmented reality providers, such as uSens and Gestigon , allow users to interact with digital content in real time by capturing hand motions. This can be useful for training simulations, visual perception tests, or performing virtual walk-throughs in
585-592: A box-office bomb , the film damaged Square's finances, and led to the closure of Square Pictures. Following both the failure of The Spirits Within and a delay of Final Fantasy X (2001) for the PlayStation 2 , Square suffered a financial loss for the first time, prompting Sakaguchi, Takechi, and director Masatsugu Hiramatsu to resign from their positions. Sakaguchi was kept on as executive producer for Final Fantasy , while Takechi and Hiramatsu were retained as external consultants. This period left Sakaguchi in
780-695: A joint-venture partnership with Electronic Arts ; Square Electronic Arts published Square titles in North America, while Electronic Arts Square published Electronic Arts titles in Japan. The partnership emerged the year following Electronic Arts winding down a similar partnership with Victor in December 1997. Shares were distributed between the two on a 70/30 basis relating to their role; Square Electronic Arts had Square owning 70%, while Electronic Arts owned 30%. Electronic Arts Square would also develop
975-405: A neo-noir third-person / shooter video game called My Eyes On You , using motion capture in order to animate its main character, Jordan Adalien, and along with non-playable characters. Out of the three nominees for the 2006 Academy Award for Best Animated Feature , two of the nominees ( Monster House and the winner Happy Feet ) used motion capture, and only Disney · Pixar 's Cars
1170-672: A novel of the same name by Hideaki Sena ; Front Mission , which began on the Super Famicom but was transferred to the PlayStation beginning with its second entry ; and the Final Fantasy spin-off series Chocobo , starring an incarnation of the titular mascot character . As Square was estranged from Nintendo at the time, the company supported other platforms including the WonderSwan and Windows . Late in
1365-568: A protagonist , now 17 years old. She convinces Yuna to leave Besaid on a journey after showing her a mysterious sphere featuring a person resembling Tidus . Rikku appears in Theatrhythm Final Fantasy: Curtain Call as a playable character. Her appearance resembles as a chibi-esque version of her Final Fantasy X-2 character. Rikku also appears alongside Yuna and Paine in Kingdom Hearts II as
1560-541: A 2-on-1 battle. Following Kimahri's victory, he proves his worth as a Ronso. After departing from Mt. Gagazet in shame ten years before the events of Final Fantasy X , Kimahri discovered a dying Auron outside Bevelle . Auron told Kimahri about Braska 's daughter and asked him to fulfill a promise he had made to Braska in his stead: to remove Yuna from Bevelle and transport her to the island of Besaid , where she may grow up peacefully. Kimahri honored Auron's request and ensured that Yuna arrived at Besaid safely. When his task
1755-406: A 3D environment. Motion capture technology is frequently used in digital puppetry systems to drive computer-generated characters in real time. Gait analysis is one application of motion capture in clinical medicine . Techniques allow clinicians to evaluate human motion across several biomechanical factors, often while streaming this information live into analytical software. One innovative use
1950-407: A 3D model: There are many applications of Motion Capture. The most common are for video games, movies, and movement capture, however there is a research application for this technology being used at Purdue University in robotics development. Video games often use motion capture to animate athletes, martial artists , and other in-game characters. As early as 1988, an early form of motion capture
2145-548: A Warrior of Chaos. Jecht reappears as a playable character in Dissidia NT , where he reprises his role as the villain representing Final Fantasy X . Seymour Guado ( シーモア＝グアド , Shīmoa-Guado , formal titles: Maester or Lord Seymour) is the leader of the Guado nation, a race of demi-humans in Spira , as well as a maester of Yevon . He inherited both positions following the death of his father, Lord Jyscal Guado . Seymour
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#17328013545872340-607: A Yevon maester and leader of the Ronso tribe, who leaves the former after learning that Seymour had committed patricide but is killed by Seymour; and Jyscal Guado ( ジスカル=グアド , Jisukaru-Guado ) , the deceased Maester of Yevon who was killed by his own son Seymour. However, during the events of Final Fantasy X-2 , Jyscal, Kinoc, and Mika appear as unsent spirits within the depths of Bevelle's Via Infinito and become fiends. Square (video game company) Square Co., Ltd. , also known under its international brand name SquareSoft ,
2535-528: A better response. Tetsuya Nomura was the character designer for Final Fantasy X and X-2 . Since art director Yusuke Naora convinced the Square staff to make Final Fantasy X an Asian-themed game, Nomura designed the characters to give them an Asian look. Nomura first illustrated the characters' faces and started adding details upon receiving information from the staff. Since the PlayStation 2 's capabilities allowed for featuring more detail, Nomura did so with
2730-423: A camera operator while the actor is performing. At the same time, the motion capture system can capture the camera and props as well as the actor's performance. This allows the computer-generated characters, images and sets to have the same perspective as the video images from the camera. A computer processes the data and displays the movements of the actor, providing the desired camera positions in terms of objects in
2925-644: A contract between the two companies. Eidos Interactive notably handled the Windows ports of Final Fantasy VII and Final Fantasy VIII . In Europe, Square's local branch self-published a number of games including mainline Final Fantasy titles. It also partnered with third-party companies including Eidos, Crave Entertainment , and Infogrames for either publishing or distribution of different titles. In 1989, Square established SquareSoft in Redmond, Washington , to provide development and publishing support in
3120-415: A cyan light strobe instead of the typical IR light for minimum fall-off underwater and high-speed cameras with an LED light or with the option of using image processing. An underwater camera is typically able to measure 15–20 meters depending on the water quality, the camera and the type of marker used. Unsurprisingly, the best range is achieved when the water is clear, and like always, the measurement volume
3315-666: A decade", describing him as "one of the most complex RPG companions in gaming history". In 2011, GamesRadar used Auron as an example of a badass commenting: "A smooth-talking, shades-wearing, longcoat rocking snarker who can wield a huge sword with his one good arm. He is a badass, and nobody can deny it. With that perfect storm of cool, he has nothing to worry about". In 2013, Complex ranked Auron fourth in "The 20 Greatest Final Fantasy Characters of All Time" and eighteenth in their "25 Dead Video Game Characters We Wish Were Still Here". In 2020, NHK conducted an All-Final Fantasy Grand Poll of Japanese players, featuring over 468,000 votes. Auron
3510-573: A dedicated CGI film studio called Square Pictures in Hawaii; his aim was to both develop The Spirits Within and help with further development of Square's CGI technology. By the end of 2001, Square Pictures was dissolved and merged into Visual Works. Square USA's Hawaiian branch developed the CGI short "Final Flight of the Osiris" that later formed part of the 2003 anthology film The Animatrix . The branch
3705-410: A desire to work on their own projects. These included Takahashi and Tanaka, Fujioka, Nishi, Kikuta, Mitsuda, and Mana artist Shinichi Kameoka. In April 2000, Suzuki was appointed Square's new President, while Takechi became a company chairman. Also at this time, two outside directors were appointed, Kenichi Ohmae of Ohmae & Associates and Makoto Naruke of Microsoft . The corporate reshuffle
3900-548: A father to their baby son, Vidina, a name thought up by Wakka. A younger version of Wakka appears in Kingdom Hearts on Destiny Islands as a friend of a younger Tidus and Final Fantasy VIII ' s Selphie , and as a sparring partner who can be engaged in battle, fighting with a beach ball. He also appears in Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories and Kingdom Hearts coded . Lulu ( ルールー , Rūrū )
4095-405: A few decades, which has given new insight into many fields. The vital part of the system, the underwater camera, has a waterproof housing. The housing has a finish that withstands corrosion and chlorine which makes it perfect for use in basins and swimming pools. There are two types of cameras. Industrial high-speed cameras can also be used as infrared cameras. Infrared underwater cameras come with
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#17328013545874290-452: A game following the story of Jecht, Auron and Braska ten years before the events of FFX , but they felt that they would end with a "traditional game". For X-2 , while Nomura still remained as character designer, Tetsu Tsukamoto designed the new costumes of the main characters to distance the game from its predecessor. The outfits are meant to represent the changes in the world of Spira after two years of peace. The use of three female characters
4485-593: A kind way. Jecht became Nomura's favorite character from Final Fantasy X he designed as the finishing model was identical to his first sketches. Before the start of Final Fantasy X , Sin took Jecht to Spira , and was presumed dead in Zanarkand. In Spira, Jecht joined Auron as one of Braska's guardians to defeat Sin. Having lost hope of returning home, Jecht sacrificed himself to become Braska's Final Aeon, which temporarily defeated Sin; beforehand, he requested that Auron take care of Tidus, believing that Auron could find
4680-555: A large group of guardians, while remarking that Lord Braska only needed two. Her guardian is Barthello ( バルテロ , Barutero ) , an admirer of Auron who is significantly more friendly than Dona. After escaping from Home in the Airport, Tidus can influence Dona to either continue or quit her pilgrimage. In Final Fantasy X-2 , Dona has joined the Youth League while Barthello has sided with New Yevon. Despite being on opposite sides of
4875-469: A lead artist, and Nojima as scenario writer. Released worldwide in 1997, Final Fantasy VII was a worldwide commercial and critical success, bringing Square international fame. Also in 1997, at Square's invitation, Takechi returned and took Mizuno's place as President. Three new hires during the period were Shinji Hashimoto , Yasumi Matsuno , and Masashi Hamauzu . Hashimoto joined in 1995 as promotions producer for Final Fantasy VII . Matsuno, along with
5070-494: A mathematical model into the silhouette. For movements you can not see a change of the silhouette, there are hybrid systems available that can do both (marker and silhouette), but with less marker. In robotics, some motion capture systems are based on simultaneous localization and mapping . Optical systems utilize data captured from image sensors to triangulate the 3D position of a subject between two or more cameras calibrated to provide overlapping projections. Data acquisition
5265-468: A merger of two companies "at their height". Despite this, the merger had its skeptics, particularly Miyamoto who did not want to see his controlling stake diluted in a merged company. Miyamoto's issue was resolved by altering the exchange ratio to one Square share for 0.81 Enix shares, and the merger was greenlit. Square Enix was formed on April 1, 2003, with Enix as the surviving corporate entity and Square dissolving its departments and subsidiaries into
5460-694: A miniature fairy version of herself wearing modified versions of her Final Fantasy X-2 attire. Itadaki Street Special features a miniature Rikku in her Final Fantasy X-2 outfit, along with Yuna and Paine. Rikku also appears as a non-playable character in World of Final Fantasy . Several figurines of Rikku were released by various manufacturers, including by Coca-Cola and Square Soft in 2000 (two), Kotobukiya in 2001, Bandai in 2002, 2003 and 2005, Hobby Japan in 2003, Kotabukiya and Square Enix in 2003, Square Enix in 2003 (three) and 2006, and Square Enix and Amono Shiro in 2008. A special PlayStation memory card
5655-525: A mission to repair relations with the Al Bhed, Braska met and fell in love with Cid 's sister, and the two got married. A few years after Yuna's birth, Sin killed Braska's wife; as a result, Braska decided to become a summoner and embarked on a pilgrimage with his guardians, Auron and Jecht, to defeat Sin. People were initially skeptical about his and his guardians' ability to defeat Sin, but Braska reached Zanarkand, where he sacrificed himself to turn Jecht into
5850-715: A number of other developers, had left Quest Corporation following the release of Tactics Ogre (1995), and worked with Sakaguchi on Final Fantasy Tactics (1997). Hamauzu joined in 1996, and worked on Final Fantasy spin-off titles and the SaGa series. Sakaguchi, working on other projects, took on the role of executive producer for the series beginning with Final Fantasy VIII , and Hashimoto stepped in as producer. Hirata went from an administrative position to lead producer, focusing on diversifying Square's library into new game genres. Several properties were introduced during this period. These included Parasite Eve , based on
6045-414: A number of translators. Following the release of Final Fantasy VII , which saw criticism for its localization, Square created a new internal department to encourage higher quality. Initially having only two employees, it grew steadily over the years. Individual games still ran into difficulties due to their large text sizes, difficulties translating some culture-specific elements, potential censorship, and
Characters of Final Fantasy X and X-2 - Misplaced Pages Continue
6240-545: A peaceful childhood. Afterward, he became an unsent, and secretly held this status for most of the game. At the end of the game, after Sin's creator, Yu Yevon , is defeated, he is laid to rest. Auron briefly appears in Final Fantasy X-2 , where his voice helps Yuna during her battle in the Farplane with Vegnagun. The updated International version added Auron both as a boss and as an optional playable character. In
6435-561: A performer wearing a full-body spandex/lycra suit designed specifically for motion capture . This type of system can capture large numbers of markers at frame rates usually around 120 to 160 fps although by lowering the resolution and tracking a smaller region of interest they can track as high as 10,000 fps. Active optical systems triangulate positions by illuminating one LED at a time very quickly or multiple LEDs with software to identify them by their relative positions, somewhat akin to celestial navigation. Rather than reflecting light back that
6630-512: A photogrammetric analysis tool in biomechanics research in the 1970s and 1980s, and expanded into education, training, sports and recently computer animation for television , cinema , and video games as the technology matured. Since the 20th century, the performer has to wear markers near each joint to identify the motion by the positions or angles between the markers. Acoustic, inertial, LED , magnetic or reflective markers, or combinations of any of these, are tracked, optimally at least two times
6825-481: A remake of Final Fantasy Adventure . Also in 2000, Mizuno founded AlphaDream , engaging Fujioka and going on to develop the Mario & Luigi series. Staff members from Square Pictures, including The Spirits Within co-director Motonori Sakakibara, established Sprite Animation Studios in 2002. After his resignation from Square, Takechi founded music label Dreamusic in 2001 with Kazunaga Nitta. Mitsuda founded
7020-557: A scene, with each tag uniquely identified to eliminate marker reacquisition issues. Since the system eliminates a high-speed camera and the corresponding high-speed image stream, it requires significantly lower data bandwidth. The tags also provide incident illumination data which can be used to match scene lighting when inserting synthetic elements. The technique appears ideal for on-set motion capture or real-time broadcasting of virtual sets but has yet to be proven. Motion capture technology has been available for researchers and scientists for
7215-523: A stake in Bushido Blade developer Lightweight , founded in 1995. It sold that stake to software company Forside in 1999. Front Mission developers G-Craft were initially independent, developing the original Front Mission with Square collaborating through their Solid subsidiary and acting as publisher. Square bought out G-Craft and incorporated it in 1997 during production of Front Mission 2 . Other affiliates associated with Square between
7410-498: A state of low morale. In late 2001, Suzuki stepped down as President, and was replaced by Wada. Yosuke Matsuda became Senior Vice President. Kenji Ito also left during this period to work as a freelance composer. Prior to the film's release, rival company Enix was proposing merging with another game company to alleviate development costs, opening serious discussions with Square in 2000. Square's financial losses with The Spirits Within prompted Enix to halt discussions. Under Wada,
7605-612: A string of projects that Square produced exclusively for Nintendo consoles, including the portable Game Boy . In 1990, Square moved its offices to the Akasaka district, and then to Ebisu, Shibuya in 1992. In April 1991, Square merged with an identically-named dormant company in order to change its share prices. As a result of the merger, Square's foundation was backdated to the other company's July 1966 founding date. At that time, Square drew some of its development funding from loans from Shikoku Bank. Due to increasing development costs,
7800-551: A subsidiary called Solid and focusing their work on cooperating with external developers. In 1995, Square established DreamFactory as an affiliate studio, which developed fighting-based titles for the PlayStation and PS2. DreamFactory became an independent company in 2001 after Square transferred their shares. Square later founded subsidiary Escape in March 1998 with DreamFactory staff. It only produced Driving Emotion Type-S (2000) before being liquidated in 2003. The company held
7995-525: A subsidiary of Warner Brothers Pictures created especially to enable virtual cinematography , including photorealistic digital look-alikes for filming The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions movies, used a technique called Universal Capture that utilized 7 camera setup and the tracking the optical flow of all pixels over all the 2-D planes of the cameras for motion, gesture and facial expression capture leading to photorealistic results. Traditionally markerless optical motion tracking
Characters of Final Fantasy X and X-2 - Misplaced Pages Continue
8190-636: A team of Chocobo -riding soldiers: Lucil ( ルチル , Ruchiru ) , the captain; Elma ( エルマ , Eruma ) , the second-in-command; and Clasko ( クラスコ , Kurasuko ) ; they are the only named members of the group. Alongside the Crusaders and the Albhed, the group works in Operation Mi'hen in an attempt to defeat Sin. However, the plan fails and only the Chocobo Knights and one Chocobo survive to
8385-416: A unique identification of each marker for a given capture frame at a cost to the resultant frame rate. The ability to identify each marker in this manner is useful in real-time applications. The alternative method of identifying markers is to do it algorithmically requiring extra processing of the data. There are also possibilities to find the position by using colored LED markers. In these systems, each color
8580-525: A war-torn African nation. The Death Trap was the first game published under the Square brand. Its sequel, Will: The Death Trap II , was released the following year to commercial success. Many of Square's early titles were produced for PC devices, and focused on the action genre. In 1985, the company negotiated a licensing agreement with Nintendo to develop titles for the Famicom ( Nintendo Entertainment System ). The company shifted to developing for
8775-625: A way to Dream Zanarkand, and Auron agreed. As a consequence, Jecht became the new Sin. Some time later, Jecht asserts some control over Sin, making his way to the Dream Zanarkand and communicating with Auron to transport Tidus to Spira's mainland, communicating with him so he could find a way to permanently dispose of Sin. Near the end of the game, Tidus' group confronts Jecht inside Sin taking the form of Braska's Final Aeon ( ブラスカの究極召喚 , Burasuka no Kyūkyoku Shōkan ) . Before Jecht's death in battle, Tidus makes peace with him. Jecht appears in
8970-630: A writer and later director, artist Tetsuya Nomura began as a graphic designer, and Tetsuya Takahashi and Kaori Tanaka were both artists and writers. Takashi Tokita became a full-time employee at the company, and Hiroyuki Ito began his work as a game designer. Chihiro Fujioka worked on several projects including co-directing Super Mario RPG . Kenichi Nishi worked in minor roles on Chrono Trigger and Super Mario RPG . Masato Kato , who joined in 1993, became scenario writer for Chrono Trigger . Artist Yusuke Naora first worked on Final Fantasy VI . Kazushige Nojima , known for his work on
9165-593: Is a 15-year-old Al Bhed girl who is Cid's daughter and Brother's younger sister. She helps Tidus when he first arrives in Spira, but then disappears during an attack from Sin. Upon reuniting with Tidus at the Moonflow, she becomes the last character to join Yuna's entourage of guardians. Her attitude is somewhat childish, but is also cheerful and positive. She is afraid of lightning because of an incident that occurred when she
9360-446: Is a 22-year-old black magic user and an older sister figure to Yuna, whom she grew up with alongside Wakka and Chappu on Besaid Island. Before becoming one of Yuna's guardians, she had previously accompanied two other summoners as their guardians. Lulu had been romantically involved with Wakka's younger brother, Chappu, and his death at the hands of Sin affected her greatly. While she is often stern and scathing, particularly to Wakka, she
9555-555: Is a 35-year-old warrior known as the Legendary Guardian, who helped Jecht and Braska defeat Sin. Shortly after Sin's defeat, Auron started watching over Tidus from afar at Jecht's request. In the game's present day, he sends Tidus to Spira using the new Sin Jecht. After reuniting with Tidus, they start serving as guardians for Yuna, Braska's daughter, in another journey to defeat Sin. It is eventually revealed that Auron attacked
9750-499: Is a religious organization in Spira. It has been ruled by Grand Maester Yo Mika ( ヨー=マイカ , Yō-Maika ) since fifty years before the events of the game. When Yuna asks Yo Mika to send the unsent Seymour during her trial in Bevelle, Mika reveals that he too is an unsent, having remained in Spira to guide its people even after death. Although Mika condemns Yuna as a traitor for killing Seymour and questioning Yevon, he eventually repeals
9945-484: Is also capable of flight. Sin's form is vaguely whale-like in appearance, though vastly more massive and the creature is able to release remnants known as Sinspawns. Scenario writer Kazushige Nojima compared Sin to a typhoon due to the disaster it causes in the world. Summoners are tasked with destroying Sin using a creature known as the Final Aeon, sacrificing themselves so Spira can enjoy a peaceful period known as
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#173280135458710140-465: Is also dependent on the number of cameras. A range of underwater markers are available for different circumstances. Different pools require different mountings and fixtures. Therefore, all underwater motion capture systems are uniquely tailored to suit each specific pool instalment. For cameras placed in the center of the pool, specially designed tripods, using suction cups, are provided. Emerging techniques and research in computer vision are leading to
10335-504: Is an elderly itinerant historian who often tells Tidus the history and origins of all things related to Spira. Although he seems to be an ordinary inhabitant of Spira, he reveals himself in Final Fantasy X-2 to be an unsent from Zanarkand who used to live before the city was destroyed, and was so engrossed in his studies that he forgot he died of old age. His memories of his time in Zanarkand are rekindled when he shakes Yuna's hand and realizes her resemblance to Lenne. The Chocobo Knights are
10530-619: Is assigned to a specific point of the body. One of the earliest active marker systems in the 1980s was a hybrid passive-active mocap system with rotating mirrors and colored glass reflective markers and which used masked linear array detectors. Active marker systems can further be refined by strobing one marker on at a time, or tracking multiple markers over time and modulating the amplitude or pulse width to provide marker ID. 12-megapixel spatial resolution modulated systems show more subtle movements than 4-megapixel optical systems by having both higher spatial and temporal resolution. Directors can see
10725-497: Is captain of the Besaid Aurochs, a blitzball team that – as of the beginning of Final Fantasy X – went ten years without winning a single game. Wakka's younger brother Chappu was killed by Sin a year before the events of Final Fantasy X , and he never fully recovered from it. He forms a close brotherly relationship with Tidus, partially fueled by his resemblance to Chappu, though Lulu constantly has to remind him that Tidus
10920-434: Is caring toward others. Wakka and Lulu fall in love and marry six months after Final Fantasy X . She appears in a reduced role for Final Fantasy X-2 , where she has a son with Wakka named Vidina. In the audio drama Final Fantasy X -Will- , Lulu is the mayor of Besaid Village. Kimahri Ronso ( キマリ＝ロンゾ , Kimari-Ronzo ) is a 25-year-old warrior from the Ronso tribe and Yuna's first and most faithful guardian. He fulfills
11115-502: Is generated externally, the markers themselves are powered to emit their own light. Since the inverse square law provides one quarter of the power at two times the distance, this can increase the distances and volume for capture. This also enables a high signal-to-noise ratio, resulting in very low marker jitter and a resulting high measurement resolution (often down to 0.1 mm within the calibrated volume). The TV series Stargate SG1 produced episodes using an active optical system for
11310-490: Is generated near the camera's lens. The camera's threshold can be adjusted so only the bright reflective markers will be sampled, ignoring skin and fabric. The centroid of the marker is estimated as a position within the two-dimensional image that is captured. The grayscale value of each pixel can be used to provide sub-pixel accuracy by finding the centroid of the Gaussian . An object with markers attached at known positions
11505-510: Is half-Guado and half-human, as his father married a human woman in an attempt to foster friendship between the Guado and human races. He is briefly playable during Operation Mi'ihen, a part of the game in which the Crusaders and the Al Bhed join forces to stop Sin. While often formal, Seymour hides a twisted desire to save Spira by becoming Sin and destroying the world. This was a result of Jyscal's treatment, as he had his wife and Seymour exiled to
11700-424: Is his official name, the player has the option of renaming him at the beginning of the game. He washes up near Besaid Island after the creature Sin attacks him during a blitzball game. He becomes one of Yuna's guardians to find a way back to Zanarkand during the journey. Throughout the game, he finds himself coming to terms with his father, Jecht , who has become Sin, dealing with his increasing love for Yuna and
11895-662: Is no line-of-sight to the satellites — such as in indoor environments. The majority of vendors selling commercial optical motion capture systems provide accessible open source drivers that integrate with the popular Robotic Operating System ( ROS ) framework, allowing researchers and developers to effectively test their robots during development. In the field of aerial robotics research, motion capture systems are widely used for positioning as well. Regulations on airspace usage limit how feasible outdoor experiments can be conducted with Unmanned Aerial Systems ( UAS ). Indoor tests can circumvent such restrictions. Many labs and institutions around
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#173280135458712090-520: Is not Chappu. As a devout follower of Yevon's teachings, Wakka believes that anyone who does not believe in Yevon, like the Al Bhed, are evil heathens, and is staunchly against the use of machina. However, he begins to question his faith by the time Yevon's true colors are exposed to the world. Near the game's ending, Wakka denounces his prior beliefs entirely. Six months after the events of Final Fantasy X , he marries Lulu. In Final Fantasy X-2 , he becomes
12285-403: Is pose detection, which can empower patients during post-surgical recovery or rehabilitation after injuries. This approach enables continuous monitoring, real-time guidance, and individually tailored programs to enhance patient outcomes. Some physical therapy clinics utilize motion capture as an objective way to quantify patient progress. During the filming of James Cameron's Avatar all of
12480-408: Is responsible for converting the light from the target area into a digital image that the tracking computer can process. Depending on the design of the optical tracking system, the optical imaging system can vary from as simple as a standard digital camera to as specialized as an astronomical telescope on the top of a mountain. The specification of the optical imaging system determines the upper limit of
12675-512: Is the Okinawan word for "sun". Nomura has also mentioned a contrast between the lead male and female protagonists was established by Yuna's name meaning "night" in Okinawan. Since Tidus did not originate from Spira, his outfit was made to stand out from those of the world's inhabitants. Nomura also placed image colors to each main character to give hints regarding their personalities. Since both
12870-457: Is traditionally implemented using special markers attached to an actor; however, more recent systems are able to generate accurate data by tracking surface features identified dynamically for each particular subject. Tracking a large number of performers or expanding the capture area is accomplished by the addition of more cameras. These systems produce data with three degrees of freedom for each marker, and rotational information must be inferred from
13065-573: Is ultimately defeated, with Yuna sending him to the Farplane. In Final Fantasy X-2 , Seymour appears in a flashback cutscene that shows him assisting Baralai to hide from the Yevon Order. In Final Fantasy X-2 International , Seymour can be fought in the Battle Simulator tournament and be added as a member of the party. Yunalesca ( ユウナレスカ , Yūnaresuka ) is a legendary summoner and Yu Yevons' daughter from one millennium before
13260-466: Is used to calibrate the cameras and obtain their positions, and the lens distortion of each camera is measured. If two calibrated cameras see a marker, a three-dimensional fix can be obtained. Typically a system will consist of around 2 to 48 cameras. Systems of over three hundred cameras exist to try to reduce marker swap. Extra cameras are required for full coverage around the capture subject and multiple subjects. Vendors have constraint software to reduce
13455-467: Is used to keep track of various objects, including airplanes, launch vehicles, missiles and satellites. Many such optical motion tracking applications occur outdoors, requiring differing lens and camera configurations. High-resolution images of the target being tracked can thereby provide more information than just motion data. The image obtained from NASA's long-range tracking system on the space shuttle Challenger's fatal launch provided crucial evidence about
13650-677: The Dragon Quest series. Following the success of Final Fantasy X and Kingdom Hearts , negotiations resumed and the merger went ahead on April 1, 2003, forming Square Enix . Square was initially established in September 1983 as a software subsidiary of Den-Yu-Sha, an electric power conglomerate led by Kuniichi Miyamoto. His son Masafumi Miyamoto , then a part-time employee of the Science and Technology Department at Keio University , had little interest in following his father into
13845-497: The Glory of Heracles series, joined as a scenario writer. Future director Motomu Toriyama , who had no experience with game development, began as a scenario writer. In 1993, Square struck a deal with G-Craft to release Front Mission , one of their first major games to be developed by a third party. Square also hired additional music staff. Kenji Ito contributed to both the SaGa and Mana series. Hiroki Kikuta worked on
14040-556: The Kingdom Hearts series and is the hero representing Final Fantasy X in Dissidia Final Fantasy . Yuna ( ユウナ , Yūna ) is a 17-year-old summoner from Spira. In Final Fantasy X , she is the daughter of the late High Summoner Braska , who defeated Sin ten years ago, and seeks to accomplish the same task with help from her guardians. While often serious and naïve, she gradually becomes more open and falls in love with Tidus during their journey. Two years after
14235-493: The Mario -themed Super Mario RPG co-produced with Nintendo. Reflecting on this period, Sakaguchi noted that Final Fantasy was the company's most recognized property, while celebrating the fact that the company would still be profitable on the merits of their other successful game series. Additional staff joined Square by the early 1990s, inspired by the successful Final Fantasy series, with several first working on Final Fantasy IV (1991), Yoshinori Kitase acted as
14430-808: The Shadow Hearts series; he left Sacnoth in 1999 following the release of his project Koudelka and founded the music label Nostrilia. Several Xenogears developers, including Takahashi and Tanaka, founded Monolith Soft in 1999 in order to pursue projects outside the Final Fantasy series, developing more games using the Xeno prefix; it would eventually be more well known for the Xenoblade Chronicles series with Nintendo. Kameoka and other developers who worked on Legend of Mana (1999) founded Brownie Brown in 2000. Brownie Brown later worked with Square Enix on Sword of Mana (2003),
14625-452: The Final Fantasy series. Miyamoto stepped down as Square's President in 1991 while remaining a major shareholder, and was replaced by Tetsuo Mizuno. In 1991, Suzuki became Vice President. As Final Fantasy became a featured property for the company, Square produced additional projects that became successful series of their own. The Japan-exclusive real-time strategy series Hanjuku Hero , which began in 1988, parodied conventions of
14820-589: The GameCube in late 2001. Square also began production on Final Fantasy X-2 , the first direct sequel to a Final Fantasy game. Final Fantasy X-2 was Sakaguchi's last credited project at Square, and he left the company in 2003. Around this time, Square also began development on Kingdom Hearts (2002), with Nomura making his directorial debut. The game was a collaboration between Square and The Walt Disney Company , blending Disney characters with Final Fantasy elements in an original story. Kingdom Hearts
15015-632: The Mana series and standalone projects. Yasunori Mitsuda started as a sound designer and was lauded for his work on the Chrono series. Yoko Shimomura , formerly a Capcom composer, did her first work on Live A Live (1994). In 1995, Square moved its headquarters to the Shimomeguro district in Meguro . Following the release of Final Fantasy VI and Chrono Trigger , Square staff began planning
15210-476: The PlayStation 2 launch title X-Squad . In March 31, 2003, coinciding with the Square Enix merger, both ventures were dissolved, with each partner buying the other's shares. In its February press release, Square described the joint-venture as a success. The Square side of the venture was rebranded under the Square Enix name. Between 1986 and 1988, Square led a collective of game developers dedicated to
15405-448: The two-time Olympic figure skating champion Yuzuru Hanyu graduated from Waseda University . In his thesis, using data provided by 31 sensors placed on his body, he analysed his jumps. He evaluated the use of technology both in order to improve the scoring system and to help skaters improve their jumping technique. In March 2021 a summary of the thesis was published in the academic journal. Motion tracking or motion capture started as
15600-504: The 1990s to develop for Sony Computer Entertainment 's upcoming console PlayStation . Their first major project for the console, Final Fantasy VII , was a worldwide critical and commercial success and was credited with boosting the popularity of role-playing video games and the PlayStation outside Japan. Alongside the Final Fantasy series, the company developed and published several other notable series, including SaGa , Mana , Front Mission , Chrono and Kingdom Hearts . Over
15795-447: The 1997-established Square Pictures studio on a Final Fantasy feature film. Titled Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within , it was planned as Sakaguchi's first push towards cross-media storytelling; however, the project ran over budget and ended up costing Square and co-producer Columbia Pictures US$ 137 million. Upon its release in 2001, The Spirits Within was met with mixed critical reception, and grossed only $ 85 million. Labeled as
15990-464: The Calm until Sin is reborn. Unbeknownst to most of Spira, the Final Aeon is made from the fayth of one of the summoner's own guardians and is possessed by the spirit of Yu Yevon , Sin's creator, to be transformed into a new Sin after the previous Sin is destroyed. After the Final Aeon destroys the body or armor of the previous Sin, Yu Yevon possesses the Final Aeon and kills the summoner. Yu Yevon then uses
16185-575: The Caribbean , the Na'vi from the film Avatar , and Clu from Tron: Legacy . The Great Goblin, the three Stone-trolls , many of the orcs and goblins in the 2012 film The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey , and Smaug were created using motion capture. The film Batman Forever (1995) used some motion capture for certain visual effects. Warner Bros. had acquired motion capture technology from arcade video game company Acclaim Entertainment for use in
16380-402: The Crusaders include the high-ranked Luzzu and the younger, lower-ranked Gatta, while Wakka's brother, Chappu ( チャップ ) died a year ago fighting Sin. Depending on the player's actions, either Luzzu or Gatta dies during Operation Mi'hen, while the other survives and returns to Besaid to rebuild the village's Crusader branch. Dona ( ドナ ) is a 26-year-old female summoner who mocks Yuna for having
16575-633: The Dragon , and Rare 's Dinosaur Planet . Indoor positioning is another application for optical motion capture systems. Robotics researchers often use motion capture systems when developing and evaluating control, estimation, and perception algorithms and hardware. In outdoor spaces, it’s possible to achieve accuracy to the centimeter by using the Global Navigation Satellite System ( GNSS ) together with Real-Time Kinematics ( RTK ). However, this reduces significantly when there
16770-515: The Eternal Calm, as Spira is freed from its cycle of death and destruction. Jecht ( ジェクト , Jekuto ) is Tidus' father and a blitzball celebrity in his hometown of Dream Zanarkand. Jecht is a tall, muscular, and surly man who wields a large sword. It is mentioned multiple times throughout the game that Tidus hates Jecht, as he often verbally abused him as a child; however, Jecht deeply loved Tidus, but found himself unable to express it in
16965-539: The Famicom to benefit from its stable hardware, compared to the constantly changing components of PCs. Square's first Famicom release was a port of the run and gun game Thexder (1985), and its first original game was the scrolling shooter King's Knight (1986). During this period, the team also hired new developers Akitoshi Kawazu and Koichi Ishii , artist Kazuko Shibuya , Iranian-American programmer Nasir Gebelli , and composer Nobuo Uematsu . Yusuke Hirata joined that year as sales manager, and later became
17160-517: The Final Aeon and defeat Sin. Lenne ( レン , Ren ) is a famous songstress and summoner from Zanarkand during the time of the Machina War, and Shuyin's lover. She was forced to the front lines to fight with the other summoners in the city. Shuyin attempted to use Bevelle's machina weapon, Vegnagun, to defeat Bevelle and save her life. Lenne convinced Shuyin to stop but the couple was then gunned down by Bevelle soldiers. Upon her death, her spirit
17355-586: The Game Boy in 1991. Ishii went on to develop additional Seiken Densetsu titles, released outside of Japan as the Mana series. A famous game from the period was Chrono Trigger , born from a collaboration between Sakaguchi, Dragon Quest creator Yuji Horii , and Dragon Ball artist Akira Toriyama . Among other standalone titles were the Western-exclusive Secret of Evermore , and
17550-445: The Guado tribe, Seymour Guado , briefly joins the party for a fight, but is revealed to be an antagonist in his quest to replace Tidus' father, Jecht , to become the new Sin. Final Fantasy X-2 features Yuna, Rikku, and the newly introduced Paine as playable characters in their quest to find spheres across Spira and find clues regarding Tidus' current location. During their journey, they meet Paine's former comrades, who are related to
17745-588: The Gullwings' Celsius, much to Brother's dismay. However, by Final Fantasy X-2 International + Last Mission , Cid returns to make business in Mt. Gagazet alongside his son. Brother ( アニキ , Aniki ) is Cid's 18-year-old son, Rikku's older brother, Braska's nephew, and Yuna's cousin. Brother participates in the Al Bhed expedition to salvage an airship from the ocean floor, where he meets Tidus. Eventually, he goes on to support his struggle against Sin and Yu Yevon as
17940-598: The PlayStation's lifecycle, Square continued to support the console with multiple releases, such as Threads of Fate (1999) and Vagrant Story (2000). The company also began work on PlayOnline , a digital storefront and a platform for online game services and web content. During the late 1990s, Square launched an initiative to give teams of younger staff members a chance to create experimental titles on smaller budgets. Among such titles were Xenogears , Soukaigi , and Another Mind . Around this time, several staff members departed Square due to creative differences or
18135-527: The RPG genre. Kawazu helmed an RPG project for the Game Boy. Released in 1989, Makai Toushi SaGa ( The Final Fantasy Legend ) spawned the SaGa series, which Kawazu would continue to be involved over the years. After the release of Final Fantasy III (1990), Ishii was offered the chance to create his own game, leading to the production of Seiken Densetsu: Final Fantasy Gaiden ( Final Fantasy Adventure ) for
18330-440: The Square Enix merger, though it declared bankruptcy in 2004 after years of declining sales. In 1999, Square created a number of subsidiaries with dedicated roles: Square Visual Works to focus on producing CGI animation, Square Sounds for music and sound effects, Squartz for quality control and user support, and Square Next to support smaller game projects. Following the success of Final Fantasy VII in 1997, Sakaguchi founded
18525-636: The Underworld, but Hades later brainwashes him into fighting Hercules. During the battle, Sora restores Auron's free will, and he joins them and Hercules to defeat Hades. A super-deformed version of Auron appears in Itadaki Street Special . In 2008, GamesRadar ranked Auron's glasses tenth in "The top 10 famous glasses". In 2009, Shelby Reiches of Cheat Code Central ranked Auron among the "Top 10 Video Game Swordsmen", commenting that "the calm resolve with which he faces monstrous foes and
18720-671: The VFX allowing the actor to walk around props that would make motion capture difficult for other non-active optical systems. ILM used active markers in Van Helsing to allow capture of Dracula's flying brides on very large sets similar to Weta's use of active markers in Rise of the Planet of the Apes . The power to each marker can be provided sequentially in phase with the capture system providing
18915-487: The Veil of Mists (2000) was the first feature-length film made primarily with motion capture, although many character animators also worked on the film, which had a very limited release. 2001's Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within was the first widely released movie to be made with motion capture technology. Despite its poor box-office intake, supporters of motion capture technology took notice. Total Recall had already used
19110-598: The Via Purifico, and reluctantly fights her with his Aeons. After being defeated, he remains in Bevelle to preserve order along with Pacce and Maroda. The three brothers part ways in Final Fantasy X-2 . Isaaru helps out with the Ruin Tours in Zanarkand, Maroda joins the Youth League, and Pacce starts a sphere-hunting group known as "The Kinderguardians". Eventually, all three reunite in Bevelle and Maroda decides to assist Isaaru with his pursuits there. The Yevon Order
19305-574: The West. As Square moved its projects to PlayStation in 1994, SquareSoft moved to Marina del Rey, California, while changing its name twice in one year, to Square LA followed by Square USA. Square USA would notably develop Secret of Evermore . In 1997, a second Square USA branch was opened in Honolulu , Hawaii to focus on new interactive entertainment research, going on to help with CGI development on Parasite Eve and Final Fantasy IX . Square Europe
19500-424: The Yuna he knew as two years ago compared to how she is now. In International + Last Mission , Brother helps his father with his business in Mt. Gagazet. Lord Braska ( ブラスカ , Burasuka ) is Yuna 's father, Cid's brother-in-law, and Rikku and Brother's uncle. He is the summoner who defeated Sin and brought the Calm ten years before the events in Final Fantasy X , earning him the title of High Summoner. During
19695-630: The actor's performance in real-time, and watch the results on the motion capture-driven CG character. The unique marker IDs reduce the turnaround, by eliminating marker swapping and providing much cleaner data than other technologies. LEDs with onboard processing and radio synchronization allow motion capture outdoors in direct sunlight while capturing at 120 to 960 frames per second due to a high-speed electronic shutter. Computer processing of modulated IDs allows less hand cleanup or filtered results for lower operational costs. This higher accuracy and resolution requires more processing than passive technologies, but
19890-499: The additional processing is done at the camera to improve resolution via subpixel or centroid processing, providing both high resolution and high speed. These motion capture systems typically cost $ 20,000 for an eight-camera, 12-megapixel spatial resolution 120-hertz system with one actor. One can reverse the traditional approach based on high-speed cameras. Systems such as Prakash use inexpensive multi-LED high-speed projectors. The specially built multi-LED IR projectors optically encode
20085-431: The audio drama Final Fantasy X -Will- , Chuami claims to be Auron's daughter based on stories told to her by her late mother. While the developers originally considered having Final Fantasy X-2 follow the story of Auron and Jecht's generation, they eventually let this idea pass due to the concept making the game "too traditional", deciding instead to go with the trio of Yuna, Rikku, and Paine. In initial versions of Auron
20280-699: The bank sent Tomoyuki Takechi on secondment to be their office manager in 1990. Takechi's secondment lasted until 1994, by which time Square had annual sales worth ¥16 million per year. In August of that year, Square registered with the Japan Securities Dealers Association to offer shares for public purchase. Sakaguchi was by now a prominent figure within the company, and was promoted to Executive President in 1991. His increasing corporate involvement lessened his creative input, prompting him to give greater influence to other staff. Gebelli left Square in 1993, retiring on royalties from
20475-539: The best idea. Sakaguchi proposed making a role-playing video game (RPG), believing it to be a viable project after the success of Enix 's Dragon Quest (1986). While skeptical, Miyamoto allowed production of the RPG on the condition it only had a five-person team. Sakaguchi led development, bringing in Gebelli, Kawazu, Ishii, and Uematsu. Production of the game, eventually called Final Fantasy , proceeded in "fits and starts". Sakaguchi eventually received help from
20670-603: The body movement onto a 2D or 3D character's motion on-screen. During Game Developers Conference 2016 in San Francisco Epic Games demonstrated full-body motion capture live in Unreal Engine. The whole scene, from the upcoming game Hellblade about a woman warrior named Senua, was rendered in real-time. The keynote was a collaboration between Unreal Engine , Ninja Theory , 3Lateral , Cubic Motion , IKinema and Xsens . In 2020,
20865-429: The cause of the accident. Optical tracking systems are also used to identify known spacecraft and space debris despite the fact that it has a disadvantage compared to radar in that the objects must be reflecting or emitting sufficient light. An optical tracking system typically consists of three subsystems: the optical imaging system, the mechanical tracking platform and the tracking computer. The optical imaging system
21060-420: The characters and asked the staff to make them consistent. The hardest part of his work involved making the characters' clothes identical between full motion scenes and in-game. Nomura has expressed that after designing serious and moody main characters for Final Fantasy VII and VIII , he wanted to give Tidus a cheerful attitude and appearance. This is reflected in the name Nojima chose for him, as Tiida
21255-507: The company to "never come back". In 1996, Square's final project with Nintendo was Sting Entertainment ' s Treasure Hunter G for the Super Famicom, while the company debuted DreamFactory 's Tobal No. 1 for the PlayStation that same year. Soon after, the company signed a licensing agreement with Sony, who gained the exclusive right to publish Square's next six games in the West. Square continued work on Final Fantasy VII , with Kitase as director, Naora as art director, Nomura as
21450-438: The company underwent restructuring with the intent of streamlining production and resources, and cutting development costs to increase profits. After evaluation of its financial position, and with changes to the console war due to Microsoft's Xbox , Square opened talks with Nintendo for the first time since their breakup in the 1990s. The talks were successful, with Final Fantasy Crystal Chronicles beginning development for
21645-485: The company was divided into eight development divisions, with two based in Osaka. In 1998, the old development divisions were restructured into Production Departments, and the Osaka branch was closed down. The system was reshuffled again in 2002 to promote "greater understanding", and allow for reassignment between divisions. Among the heads of divisions at this time were Kitase, Kawazu, Tanaka, Matsuno and Hirata. Following
21840-503: The company's publicity manager. In April 1986, Square moved into new offices based in Ginza , noted as one of the most expensive areas for companies to operate; Sakaguchi later speculated Miyamoto was hoping to attract business by appearing affluent. Square was re-established as an independent developer in September of that year with capital of ¥ 10 million, buying the original Square gaming division from Den-Yu-Sha in December. Sakaguchi
22035-409: The completion of Crystal Chronicles , first renamed to SQEX Corporation and eventually dissolved entirely in 2010. Square Sounds was dissolved into the main company in March 2002 as an internal division, a move attributed to cost cutting. All the other subsidiaries were folded into Square Enix during the merger, with Visual Works becoming its own dedicated department. On May 1, 1998, Square formed
22230-474: The conclusion of Final Fantasy X , she is now 19 years old and is spurred on a journey of self-discovery by the possibility of reuniting with Tidus. She is the main character of Final Fantasy X-2 . In Final Fantasy X -Will- , Yuna is a priestess acting as an advisor to the Yevoners organization. Yuna has also been featured in Kingdom Hearts II and Dissidia 012 Final Fantasy . Auron ( アーロン , Āron )
22425-532: The condemnation in an attempt to prevent order from breaking down. When he learns that the party has defeated Yunalesca, and thus placed the Final Summoning out of reach, he departs to the Farplane, believing that the end of Spira is near. The other Maesters include Wen Kinoc ( ウェン=キノック , Wen-Kinokku ) , the leader of the Crusaders and Warrior Monks and old friend of Auron, who Seymour kills after Yuna's trial; Kelk Ronso ( ケルク=ロンゾ , Keruku-Ronzo ) ,
22620-489: The conflict, they still have feelings for one another, which lead them to make up later. Isaaru ( イサール , Isāru ) is a summoner guarded by his younger brothers Pacce ( パッセ , Passe ) and Maroda ( マローダ , Marōda ) . Isaaru has looked up to Braska since he was a child and sets up a challenge with Yuna to see who will defeat Sin first. At Besaid, the Al Bhed kidnap Isaaru's party and are present at Home's destruction. Yo Mika later sends him to prevent Yuna from escaping
22815-492: The developers challenging themselves to create an all-female character party. Yuna and Rikku were the original choices. Rikku won the award for "Hottest Character" at G4 's 2004 G-Phoria award show and "Baddest Good Girl" at their 2005 Video Game Vixens award show. In a Famitsu poll done in February 2010, Rikku was voted by readers as the fiftieth most popular video game character. In official Square Enix poll, Rikku
23010-750: The early 1990s to 2000 were font company Kusanagi, and developers Positron and Luciola. In 2002, Ogre Battle developer Quest Corporation withdrew from game development and was bought by Square. Absorbed and repurposed into a production division, their first project was Final Fantasy Tactics Advance (2003). Many Square employees went on to found notable development studios and other ventures. Nishi founded Love-de-Lic in 1995, producing three games including Moon: Remix RPG Adventure . Love-de-Lic staff went on to found other small studios including Skip Ltd. ( Chibi-Robo! ), and Punchline ( Rule of Rose ). Frustrated with Square's rigid hierarchy, Kikuta founded Sacnoth in 1997, which would become known for
23205-552: The electricity business. Miyamoto instead became a software developer at the Yokohama branch of Den-Yu-Sha in Hiyoshi , with a focus on the emerging video game market. Their original offices were based in a former hairdresser's salon. The company's name referred to a golfing term, and represented its aim to face challenges head-on. It also referenced a town square , emphasizing a production environment based on cooperation. At
23400-400: The end, Tidus' group uses the aeons to weaken the disembodied spirit of Yu Yevon and destroy him. Shuyin ( シューイン , Shūin ) is the main antagonist of Final Fantasy X-2 . He is a native blitzball star from Zanarkand who was alive during the age of the Machina War between Zanarkand and Bevelle. He is the lover of the summoner Lenne , and refused to accept her fate when she was ordered to
23595-485: The events of Final Fantasy X , Cid is one of the few to receive a negative impact from Sin's demise, as his children left him behind to set their sights on the changing Spira rather than rebuilding Home like most of the Al Bhed. In Final Fantasy X-2 , he attempts to convert Zanarkand into a tourist attraction, only to make his way to the Thunder Plains. After being saved from an ancient Machina, Cid goes on board
23790-471: The events of Final Fantasy X , and for abducting summoners after Braska's Calm to ensure that summoners after him, especially Yuna, would not needlessly sacrifice themselves to destroy Sin. This attack ultimately results in the Guado race attacking the Al Bhed's Home, forcing Cid to destroy it. He uses the airship his children salvaged, dubbed the Fahrenheit , to aid Tidus and company in fighting Sin. After
23985-402: The events of the games. She was the first person to defeat Sin using the process known as "the Final Summoning", sacrificing herself and her husband, Lord Zaon, in the process. Despite her death, Yunalesca remained as an unsent to instruct her successors in their pilgrimage to defeat Sin's incarnations. When Yuna and her guardians refuse to sacrifice anyone for the Final Summoning, Yunalesca fights
24180-405: The fight against Sin. In Final Fantasy X-2 , Lucil, Elma, and Clasko have joined the Youth League, although Clasko later leaves to become a Chocobo breeder. The Crusaders are a semi-military organization who serve to protect Spira's towns from Sin and other monsters. Lord Mi'hen founded it eight centuries before the events of Final Fantasy X , and are incorporated into the Yevon clergy. Members of
24375-414: The film's production. Acclaim's 1995 video game of the same name also used the same motion capture technology to animate the digitized sprite graphics. Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace (1999) was the first feature-length film to include a main character created using motion capture (that character being Jar Jar Binks , played by Ahmed Best ), and Indian - American film Sinbad: Beyond
24570-403: The final battles of Final Fantasy X-2 along with Braska and Auron, in which they give the protagonists encouragement and advice on where to strike at the machine Vegnagun. Jecht is the villain representing Final Fantasy X in Dissidia Final Fantasy . As revealed in the prequel Dissidia 012 , Jecht is a Warrior of Cosmos, who gives up his position to save Tidus's life before he turned into
24765-469: The frequency rate of the desired motion. The resolution of the system is important in both the spatial resolution and temporal resolution as motion blur causes almost the same problems as low resolution. Since the beginning of the 21st century - and because of the rapid growth of technology - new methods have been developed. Most modern systems can extract the silhouette of the performer from the background. Afterwards all joint angles are calculated by fitting in
24960-537: The front lines and attempted to commandeer Bevelle's machina weapon, Vegnagun ( ヴェグナガン , Vegunagan ) , in hopes of using it to end the war and save Lenne. Both Shuyin and Lenne were gunned down in front of Vegnagun after she prevented him from using it to kill people for her sake. After being sealed in the Den of Woes, Shuyin's unsent spirit was filled with despair and self-loathing, becoming incapable of fading away and free of his suffering. Shuyin desires to destroy Spira in
25155-655: The game, the player learns of Paine's experience as a member of the Crimson Squad, which was intended to be an elite unit to surpass the Crusaders ; the best members were to be assigned to lead Crusader chapters across Spira. Paine had also been the recorder for a group of candidates named Nooj , Baralai , and Gippal , the game's present day leaders of the Youth League, New Yevon, and the Machine Faction, respectively. Most Crimson Squad candidates died during
25350-456: The group in hopes of learning more about why the Crimson Squad was massacred, and because she had long desired to fly in an airship. In Final Fantasy X-2 International+Last Mission , Yuna, Rikku and Paine reunite after being disbanded three months after the game ended, exploring a newly discovered tower. Paine appears in Kingdom Hearts II with an updated super deformed and fairy-like design alongside Yuna and Rikku. Yeo explains that she both
25545-403: The group's final field exercise due to the influence of the undead Shuyin , who caused them to turn on one another while getting a glimpse of Vegnagun. Only Nooj, Baralai, Gippal, and Paine escaped alive from the Yevon monks, but later, Nooj, who was possessed by Shuyin, fired on his friends, effectively ending their friendship for two years. Just before Yuna joined the Gullwings, Paine enlisted in
25740-413: The hopes that his agony can end and that there will never again be a war like the one that killed him and Lenne. Unlike other deceased people, Shuyin is called a "shadow" of his original self, being able to take a physical form. This allows him to possess people or fayths, using their aeons to help him. He is eventually defeated and reunited with Lenne before they fade away. In response to rumours that Tidus
25935-473: The implications of her pilgrimage. In the audio drama Final Fantasy X -Will- , which is set a year after X-2 , Tidus is a star blitzball player in Bevelle , where he meets Kurgum and Chuami. His outfit was designed to stand out within the people from Spira due to being from another world, while his lively personality is meant to contrast with previous Final Fantasy protagonists. Tidus has also been featured in
26130-487: The inclusion of voice acting, Nomura was satisfied when hearing their clips, as he said that the characters became full of life. The voice acting brought difficulties in the making of the English version of the game, as the localization team had to translate Japanese dialogue into English-oriented lines that would fit the characters' lip movements. Before starting development of Final Fantasy X-2 , Square had planned to make
26325-445: The introduction of voice acting with games including Final Fantasy X . Notable localization staff included Kaoru Moriyama, Ted Woolsey , Michael Basket, Richard Honeywood , and Alexander O. Smith . Many Square titles remained exclusive to Japan, for reasons including design complexities, low graphical quality, and technical difficulties. In the 1990s, Square's first six PlayStation releases were published by Sony as part of
26520-615: The island of Baaj, as the Guados considered Seymour to be an abomination. Afterwards, Seymour's mother sacrificed herself in the Baaj Temple to become the fayth of the aeon Anima, believing that by sacrificing herself for Spira's temporary peace against Sin, Spira's people will accept him. When he was eighteen years old, Seymour's exile was revoked; he soon killed Jyscal and took his position. He asked Yuna to marry him, seemingly to further unite Spira, as they both have mixed parentage, being
26715-430: The masks and goggles of the Al Bhed give them a "strange and eccentric" appearance, while the Ronso's attire lend to them being able to easily engage in battle. Final Fantasy X features innovations in the rendering of characters' facial expressions, achieved through motion capture and skeletal animation technology. This technology allowed animators to create realistic lip movements, which were then programmed to match
26910-556: The merger with Enix, the eight divisions were incorporated into the new company, with two additional divisions brought in from Enix. Square self-published the majority of its games in Japan, and sporadically acted as a publisher for third-party developers. By contrast, their Western presence during the 80s and early 90s was small. RPGs were not popular in the North American market at that time, and Square's presence in Europe
27105-822: The music studio Procyon in 2001 so he could work while maintaining his health. After stepping down as president in 2001, Sakaguchi experienced a period of low morale before returning to game development, founding Mistwalker in 2004. The studio became known for the Blue Dragon and Terra Wars series, as well as stand-alone projects such as Lost Odyssey , The Last Story . and Fantasian , whose console and PC versions would eventually be published by Square Enix, making it Sakaguchi's first work with Square Enix in years. Motion capture In motion capture sessions, movements of one or more actors are sampled many times per second. Whereas early techniques used images from multiple cameras to calculate 3D positions , often
27300-479: The new company. Around 80% of Square's staff transitioned into Square Enix. Square's final release was the Japanese version of X-2 . During reports on the merger with Enix, Takashi Oya of Deutsche Securities contrasted Enix's tradition of outsourcing development versus Square's approach to developing "everything by itself". When Square was founded in the early 1980s, there was no set development structure, with
27495-470: The next entry in the Final Fantasy series, and entered the emerging 3D gaming market. With the production of Final Fantasy VII , Square decided to shift their projects to Sony Computer Entertainment 's new PlayStation console, prompted by the affordability of CD-ROM distribution, compared to Nintendo's continued use of expensive cartridges . This shift caused a long-standing rift between Square and Nintendo; one Square employee recalled Nintendo telling
27690-475: The offspring of a human and another race. Yuna's guardians killed Seymour after learning of his motives. However, Seymour's spirit is able to remain in the living world and become an unsent. Seymour later reveals his plans for Yuna – to have her turn him into the next Sin. Sin later absorbs his pyreflies. There, Seymour begins seeking a means to control Sin from within. During this process, Yuna and her guardians confront him and manage to break their way inside Sin. He
27885-406: The other team at Square led by Tanaka, which included Shibuya and newcomer debugger Hiroyuki Ito . Production on the game lasted roughly ten months. While shipments of 200,000 units were planned, Sakaguchi persuaded Square to double that number. Final Fantasy was released in 1987 to commercial success, selling over 400,000 copies in Japan. It saw greater sales success in North American when it
28080-524: The party, but is defeated and vanishes. She reappears in the Via Infinito in Final Fantasy X-2 as the fiend "Chac", while Zaon reappears as the fiend "Paragon". Yu Yevon ( エボン＝ジュ , Ebon-Ju ) is the ruler of the original Zanarkand and Lady Yunalesca's father. Near the end of the war between Zanarkand and Bevelle, Yu Yevon and the remaining townspeople and summoners decided to preserve the overpowered Zanarkand at all costs. They all became fayth for
28275-580: The pilot of the salvaged Fahrenheit . In Final Fantasy X-2 , Brother is the pilot of his own airship, the Celsius , and leader of the Gullwings sphere hunter group alongside Buddy ( ダチ , Dachi ) and Shinra ( シンラ ) . Having fallen out with Cid after the events of Final Fantasy X , they frequently — and unsuccessfully — try to bury the hatchet and make up. He has feelings for Yuna, and often flirts with her, much to Rikku's disgust. However, Brother eventually resigns himself to an unrequited love, preferring
28470-560: The player and the main character find themselves in a new world, Nojima wanted Tidus' understanding of the world to reflect the player's progress, a connection that allowed the player to advance Tidus' first-person narration of most of Final Fantasy X . Sub-character chief designer Fumi Nakashima's focus was to ensure that characters from different regions and cultures bore distinctive characteristics in their clothing styles, so that they could be quickly and easily identified as members of their respective sub-groups. For example, she has said that
28665-399: The possessed Aeon's power to create a new Sin, with Jecht being the current incarnation during the events of Final Fantasy X . At the end of the game, the party fights and destroys each aeon possessed by Yu Yevon to draw him out into the open so that he can be destroyed. As Yu Yevon does not possess an aeon, it leaves him unable to create a new Sin. The final death of Sin marks the beginning of
28860-436: The previous game. He also seeks to find two Ronso children, Lian and Ayde, who are in search of adventure and a way to fix Kimahri's broken horn. Eventually, Kimahri realizes that all Ronso should follow Lian and Ayde's example in following their individual paths while working together to forge a better future, and that he alone cannot provide a single answer to what the future of the group should be. Rikku ( リュック , Ryukku )
29055-417: The problem of marker swapping since all passive markers appear identical. Unlike active marker systems and magnetic systems, passive systems do not require the user to wear wires or electronic equipment. Instead, hundreds of rubber balls are attached with reflective tape, which needs to be replaced periodically. The markers are usually attached directly to the skin (as in biomechanics), or they are velcroed to
29250-618: The production of games for the Famicom Disk System. The Square-owned label, called Disk Original Group (DOG), included Square, HummingBirdSoft , System Sacom , Microcabin , Carry Lab, Thinking Rabbit , and Xtalsoft . This coalition was able to pool financial resources, allowing them to overcome the prohibitive costs of acting individually. The Famicom Disk System was rendered defunct by 1988 due to increased storage capacity in standard Famicom ROM cartridges. In January 1994, Square acquired developer Cobra Team, turning it into
29445-418: The purpose of motion capture is to record only the movements of the actor, not their visual appearance. This animation data is mapped to a 3D model so that the model performs the same actions as the actor. This process may be contrasted with the older technique of rotoscoping . Camera movements can also be motion captured so that a virtual camera in the scene will pan, tilt or dolly around the stage driven by
29640-607: The rapid development of the markerless approach to motion capture. Markerless systems such as those developed at Stanford University , the University of Maryland , MIT , and the Max Planck Institute , do not require subjects to wear special equipment for tracking. Special computer algorithms are designed to allow the system to analyze multiple streams of optical input and identify human forms, breaking them down into constituent parts for tracking. ESC entertainment ,
29835-433: The relative orientation of three or more markers; for instance shoulder, elbow and wrist markers providing the angle of the elbow. Newer hybrid systems are combining inertial sensors with optical sensors to reduce occlusion, increase the number of users and improve the ability to track without having to manually clean up data. Passive optical systems use markers coated with a retroreflective material to reflect light that
30030-401: The role of "body man", being the guardian with the closest and constant physical contact with Yuna at all times. He has known and protected her since she was seven years old. He is not well accepted by the other Ronso, who view him as inferior due to his shorter stature and broken horn. When Tidus' group arrives at Mount Gagazet, Kimahri is confronted by Biran and Yenke Ronso, who challenge him to
30225-475: The scenes involving motion capture were directed in real-time using Autodesk MotionBuilder software to render a screen image which allowed the director and the actor to see what they would look like in the movie, making it easier to direct the movie as it would be seen by the viewer. This method allowed views and angles not possible from a pre-rendered animation. Cameron was so proud of his results that he invited Steven Spielberg and George Lucas on set to view
30420-475: The set. Retroactively obtaining camera movement data from the captured footage is known as match moving or camera tracking . The first virtual actor animated by motion-capture was produced in 1993 by Didier Pourcel and his team at Gribouille. It involved "cloning" the body and face of French comedian Richard Bohringer, and then animating it with still-nascent motion-capture tools. Motion capture offers several advantages over traditional computer animation of
30615-520: The space. Instead of retro-reflective or active light emitting diode (LED) markers, the system uses photosensitive marker tags to decode the optical signals. By attaching tags with photo sensors to scene points, the tags can compute not only their own locations of each point, but also their own orientation, incident illumination, and reflectance. These tracking tags work in natural lighting conditions and can be imperceptibly embedded in attire or other objects. The system supports an unlimited number of tags in
30810-425: The speech of the game's voice actors. Nojima has revealed that the inclusion of voice acting enabled him to express emotion more powerfully than before, and he was therefore able to keep the storyline simple. He also said that the presence of voice actors led him to make various changes to the script, in order to match the voice actors' personalities with the characters they were portraying. Despite being worried about
31005-597: The spirit of an avenger named Shuyin . The creation of these characters brought the Square staff several challenges, as Final Fantasy X was the first game in the franchise to feature voice acting. They also had to feature multiple tribes from different parts from Spira with distinctive designs. Various types of merchandising based on the characters have been released. The characters from Final Fantasy X and its sequel were praised by video game publications, owing to their personalities and designs. The English voice acting initially received mixed response, but X-2 's dub received
31200-476: The strength with which he can wield his blade (even one-handed, if so desired) both go toward earning him a spot on this list above his Final Fantasy cohorts". Auron ranked fifth on Electronic Gaming Monthly ' s Top Ten Badass Undead. In a Famitsu poll done in February 2010, Auron was voted by readers as the thirty-third most popular video game character. In its December 2010 cover feature, Game Informer named Auron one of their "30 characters who defined
31395-454: The summoner Yuna , who travels towards Zanarkand's ruins to defeat Sin alongside her guardians: Kimahri Ronso , a member of the Ronso tribe; Wakka , the captain of the blitzball team in Besaid; Lulu , a stoic black mage; Auron , a famous warrior and an old acquaintance of Tidus; and Rikku , Yuna's cousin who searches for a way to avoid Yuna's sacrifice in the fight against Sin. The leader of
31590-407: The summoning of "Dream Zanarkand" and, after drawing upon millions of pyreflies with Gravity spells, he created Sin. The mental effort necessary to create both Dream Zanarkand and Sin essentially wiped Yu Yevon's mind clean and overwrote it with his final command: summon Dream Zanarkand and continuously create Sin. If Sin is destroyed, he recreates it by possessing the Final Aeon that defeats it. In
31785-499: The system in action. In Marvel's The Avengers , Mark Ruffalo used motion capture so he could play his character the Hulk , rather than have him be only CGI as in previous films, making Ruffalo the first actor to play both the human and the Hulk versions of Bruce Banner. FaceRig software uses facial recognition technology from ULSee.Inc to map a player's facial expressions and the body tracking technology from Perception Neuron to map
31980-504: The team saw popular success with the role-playing video game Final Fantasy in 1987, which would lead to the franchise of the same name being one of its tentpole franchises. Later notable staff included directors Yoshinori Kitase and Takashi Tokita , designer and writer Yasumi Matsuno , artists Tetsuya Nomura and Yusuke Naora , and composers Yoko Shimomura and Masashi Hamauzu . Initially developing for PCs, then exclusively for Nintendo systems, Square broke up with Nintendo in
32175-481: The technique, in the scene of the x-ray scanner and the skeletons. The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers was the first feature film to utilize a real-time motion capture system. This method streamed the actions of actor Andy Serkis into the computer-generated imagery skin of Gollum / Smeagol as it was being performed. Storymind Entertainment, which is an independent Ukrainian studio, created
32370-471: The ten-person staff freely shifting between roles and projects. This eventually evolved into two loosely-defined production groups, led by Sakaguchi and Tanaka, respectively. Following the release of Final Fantasy IV , Sakaguchi divided the production team, assigning different staff members to the Final Fantasy , SaGa and Mana series. A secondary studio was founded in Osaka in 1990, with Final Fantasy Legend III (1991) as their first project. By 1997,
32565-400: The time, video games in Japan were usually created by a single programmer. Miyamoto, on the other hand, believed that graphic designers, programmers, and professional story writers would be needed to keep up with advances in computing and video game development. During these early years, the group was compared to a family business ; one of the early hires, Shinichiro Kajitani, joined because he
32760-421: The true position of targets — the “ground truth” baseline in research and development. Results derived from other sensors and algorithms can then be compared to the ground truth data to evaluate their performance. Movies use motion capture for CGI effects, in some cases replacing traditional cel animation, and for completely CGI creatures, such as Gollum , The Mummy , King Kong , Davy Jones from Pirates of
32955-412: The unsent summoner Yunalesca in a fit of rage after she revealed that Braska and Jecht needlessly gave their lives against Sin, and that she mortally wounded him. Despite his injuries, Auron managed to make it down Mt. Gagazet to just outside Bevelle. As he was dying, he met Kimahri Ronso and asked him to fulfill the promise he had made to Braska: that Yuna be moved from Bevelle to Besaid so she can have
33150-558: The voices). The 2007 adaptation of the saga Beowulf animated digital characters whose appearances were based in part on the actors who provided their motions and voices. James Cameron's highly popular Avatar used this technique to create the Na'vi that inhabit Pandora. The Walt Disney Company has produced Robert Zemeckis 's A Christmas Carol using this technique. In 2007, Disney acquired Zemeckis' ImageMovers Digital (that produces motion capture films), but then closed it in 2011, after
33345-514: The world have built indoor motion capture volumes for this purpose. Purdue University houses the world’s largest indoor motion capture system, inside the Purdue UAS Research and Test (PURT) facility. PURT is dedicated to UAS research, and provides tracking volume of 600,000 cubic feet using 60 motion capture cameras. The optical motion capture system is able to track targets in its volume with millimeter accuracy, effectively providing
33540-452: The years, many staff left to found studios such as Monolith Soft ( Xeno ), Sacnoth ( Shadow Hearts ), Mistwalker ( Fantasian ), and AlphaDream ( Mario & Luigi ). In 2001, the company saw financial troubles due to the commercial failure of the feature film Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within , which ultimately led Sakaguchi to leave the company in 2003. The film's failure disrupted merger discussions with Enix , publisher of
33735-608: Was Shimomura's last project as an in-house composer before going freelance in 2002. Also released in 2002 was the Japanese version of Final Fantasy XI , the company's first MMORPG . Conceived by Sakaguchi, it was developed by the Chrono team and led by Ishii. Final Fantasy XI and its first expansion was Kato's last work for Square before leaving in 2002 to go freelance. Following the commercial success of Final Fantasy X and Kingdom Hearts , Square and Enix resumed talks and agreed to merge their two companies. Wada described it as
33930-419: Was a Crusader, an exterminator of monsters from Zanarkand, but as the story involved deceased people, the staff decided to make him an Unsent. Auron was planned to be Jecht in disguise, but this idea was scrapped. Auron appears in Kingdom Hearts II as a party member in the world of Olympus Coliseum . Hades resurrects him to kill Hercules, but Auron refuses to aid him. He joins Sora 's group in escaping from
34125-409: Was a Japanese video game developer and publisher . It was founded in 1986 by Masafumi Miyamoto , who spun off part of his father's electronics company Den-Yu-Sha. Among its early employees were designers Hironobu Sakaguchi , Hiromichi Tanaka , Akitoshi Kawazu and Koichi Ishii , artist Kazuko Shibuya , programmer Nasir Gebelli , and composer Nobuo Uematsu . Initially focusing on action games ,
34320-546: Was a child. When she was attacked by a water elemental at the beach, Brother destroyed it using Thunder spell, but this electrocuted her too. This was shown at the Thunder Plain. Cid's sister later married Braska, making him Rikku's uncle and her Yuna's cousin. As such, she wishes to prevent her from going through with her pilgrimage, as summoners die after defeating Sin. Rikku returns in Final Fantasy X-2 as
34515-508: Was a friend of Miyamoto, and later compared the company at that time to a "college club". To recruit for this new organizational structure, Miyamoto organized a salon in Yokohama and offered jobs to those who demonstrated exceptional programming skills. This led to the part-time hiring of university students Hironobu Sakaguchi and Hiromichi Tanaka , as well as Hisashi Suzuki, who would go on to become Square's CEO. Miyamoto's initial plan
34710-413: Was also released by Hori in 2003. Rikku's outfit changed from a casual outfit to a skimpier outfit from Final Fantasy X to X-2 . Tetsu Tsukamoto, the alternate costume designer, explains that the change could come from the changes in Spira from the two titles from a "darker, religious feel". The decision to pick Rikku as one of the three female leads came early on in the design process of X-2 , due to
34905-492: Was animated without motion capture. In the ending credits of Pixar 's film Ratatouille , a stamp appears labelling the film as "100% Genuine Animation – No Motion Capture!" Since 2001, motion capture has been used extensively to simulate or approximate the look of live-action theater, with nearly photorealistic digital character models. The Polar Express used motion capture to allow Tom Hanks to perform as several distinct digital characters (in which he also provided
35100-522: Was appointed as a Director of Planning and Development, and Hisashi Suzuki became one of the company's directors. Due to the high cost of Ginza rents, the company was forced to move into smaller offices in Okachimachi, Taitō . Square began struggling financially following multiple commercial failures for Nintendo's Famicom Disk System peripheral. Miyamoto asked the company's four directors for game proposals, with plans to have their staff vote on
35295-467: Was completed, he prepared to depart; however, Yuna pleaded with him to remain with her, and he complied. In Final Fantasy X-2 , Kimahri is depicted as the new Elder of the Ronso tribe. Kimahri's difficulties as chief comprise several playable missions, most notably involving a disagreement he has with a young Ronso named Garik, who desires to seek vengeance on the Guado for the Ronsos killed by Seymour in
35490-483: Was created by the fayth based on Shuyin, Square said it cannot be certain that Tidus is a "duplication" of Shuyin due to the fact that the inhabitants of Dream Zanarkand began to blend in a different way from the real one. Cid ( シド , Shido ) is the leader of the Al Bhed , Brother and Rikku's father, and Yuna's maternal uncle. He is responsible for bringing the Al Bhed together after Yevon scattered it years before
35685-670: Was founded in 1998 in London , England, focusing on publishing in Europe. A publishing brand called Aques was established by Square in 1996. The name was an anagram of Square's name, as well as an acronym for "Advanced QUality Entertainment and Sports", representing the company's diversification outside of role-playing games. That same year, Square established a distribution company called DigiCube , with convenience stores as their main strategy. The subdidiary expanded into book publishing, stocked games from other companies, and at one point published games under its own brand. DigiCube survived
35880-462: Was given liberties in how she read the script, as well as watching scenes beforehand to figure how they should be said. Yeo found Paine to be true to life, commenting that the writers left "no stone unturned" with the plot and writing. She compared herself to Paine, describing her as similarly wry. Sin ( シン , Shin ) is an enormous creature that moves through Spira's oceans in its attacks towards mankind, killing many people and destroying towns. It
36075-473: Was inspired by multiple films that depict strong female leads. To reinforce this concept, the staff made sure to make the protagonists still look feminine while changing into multiple type of warriors such as the Samurai form, in which the characters wield large swords. Tidus ( ティーダ , Tīda ) is a skilled 17-year-old blitzball player from Zanarkand and the main protagonist of Final Fantasy X . Though Tidus
36270-464: Was intended to strengthen Square's overseas connections and bring in technical and administrative support for future digital and online content. Alongside this, Yoichi Wada joined the company as a company director and eventually COO. In August 2000, Square was listed on Tokyo Stock Exchange 's first section, which includes the largest companies on the exchange. In addition to leading production on Final Fantasy IX (2000), Sakaguchi also worked at
36465-774: Was limited. The original Final Fantasy was published in North America in 1990 by Nintendo of America close to the launch of the Super Nintendo, resulting in its two sequels being passed over for localization at that time. After opening their North American offices, Square began publishing selected titles under the "SquareSoft" brand. One of their third-party North American releases was the original Breath of Fire by Capcom, who were busy enough to outsource publishing and localization to Square. The Redmond office later closed, with some localization staff choosing not to relocate to California. Square initially did not have an internal localization department, instead outsourcing to
36660-545: Was released in 1989, selling 700,000 copies. Two other Japanese successes from 1987 were Rad Racer and The 3-D Battles of WorldRunner . The success of Final Fantasy prompted development of Final Fantasy II (1988), which established many of the series recurring elements . This and four more Final Fantasy titles would appear on the Famicom and Super Nintendo Entertainment System (Super Famicom), culminating in Final Fantasy VI (1994). These were among
36855-407: Was released in 2003. It takes place two years after the events of Final Fantasy X and features both new and returning characters. There are seven main playable characters in the game, most prominently protagonist Tidus , a skilled blitzball player from Zanarkand who becomes lost in the world of Spira after an encounter with an enormous creature called Sin and searches for a way home. He joins
37050-412: Was shut down in 2002 following a failed attempt to find a film studio partner. In 2002, Square Next was rebranded as The Game Designer Studio, with ownership between Square's Product Development Division 2 and Kawazu. The aim was to allow for development of games for Nintendo consoles without impacting production on Sony platform games. The Game Designers Studio was absorbed back into Square Enix after
37245-482: Was somehow crystallized into Yuna's Songstress Dressphere, which contains her memories. Yuna begins to feel Lenne's presence and feelings more and more until they explode on stage. Because Yuna unknowingly serves as Lenne's host, Shuyin only sees Lenne rather than Yuna herself whenever she dons her Songtress outfit. After Shuyin is defeated, Lenne separates herself from the dressphere and fades with Shuyin while thanking Yuna for helping her. Maechen ( メイチェン , Meichen )
37440-413: Was to recruit from Keio University, but this never materialized. Square's first attempt at a game was an adaptation of the television game show Torin-ingen . As Miyamoto had not secured the license to adapt it, the show's producers forced Square to cancel the game, prompting its team to be reshuffled. Square's first completed game was The Death Trap (1984) for NEC PC-8801 , a text adventure set in
37635-826: Was used to animate the 2D player characters of Martech 's video game Vixen (performed by model Corinne Russell ) and Magical Company 's 2D arcade fighting game Last Apostle Puppet Show (to animate digitized sprites ). Motion capture was later notably used to animate the 3D character models in the Sega Model arcade games Virtua Fighter (1993) and Virtua Fighter 2 (1994). In mid-1995, developer/publisher Acclaim Entertainment had its own in-house motion capture studio built into its headquarters. Namco 's 1995 arcade game Soul Edge used passive optical system markers for motion capture. Motion capture also uses athletes in based-off animated games, such as Naughty Dog 's Crash Bandicoot , Insomniac Games ' Spyro
37830-525: Was voted as the 15th best character in the series. In 2021, Den of Geek ranked Auron number 6 among the "15 Best Final Fantasy Characters". Wakka ( ワッカ ) is a 23-year-old professional blitzball player who is characterized by his long reddish-orange hair, which is worn in a quiff , and his tall and muscular stature. He uses speech-mannerisms as saying "brudda" for "brother" and sometimes finishing sentences with "ya?" for "right?" or "okay?" In addition to being one of Yuna's guardians and childhood friends, he
38025-441: Was voted the thirteenth favorite female Final Fantasy character in 2013. Paine ( パイン , Pain ) is an 18-year-old girl and a protagonist of Final Fantasy X-2 . While Final Fantasy X characters Yuna and Rikku were planned as stars of X-2 , she was created for X-2 . Paine is prominently featured as a warrior. In contrast to Yuna and Rikku, she is more calm and reserved, with her comrades knowing little about her. Throughout
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