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37-575: During January 1918, a Provisional Siberian Government (PSG) was established, and its government chose to locate in the eastern coastal city of Vladivostok . Most of the members of this first Siberian provisional government were members of the Socialist-Revolutionary Party (PSR), including the president of this government, Pyotr Derber. On 1 June 1918, the West Siberian Commissariat was announced after

74-585: A decree by Tsar Boris Godunov in 1604 after Toian  [ ru ] , the Tatar duke of Eushta  [ ru ] , asked for the Tsar's protection against Kyrgyz . The Tsar sent 200 Cossacks under the command of Vasily Fomich Tyrkov  [ ru ] and Gavriil Ivanovich Pisemsky to construct a fortress on the bank of the Tom River , overlooking what would become the city of Tomsk. Toian ceded

111-657: A government known as the Provisional Siberian Government (PSG), with young Socialist-Revolutionary Piotr Derber elected president. Of the PSG's twenty ministers, only six had been present at the founding meeting of January 28–29. Two had been in Bolshevik prison, and the rest were scattered throughout Siberia and north China and were chosen in absentia, without their prior consent. Soon afterward, Derber and many other PSG officials went to Vladivostok in

148-550: A puppet theater. Major concert venues in the city include the Conservatory Concert hall and the Tomsk Palace of Sport. The city also boasts cultural centers dedicated to German , Polish and Tatar languages and culture. One of the city's prominent theaters was destroyed in an act of terrorism in 1905. The Korolevsky Theater (built in 1884–85) was being used by a group of communist revolutionaries when

185-629: Is +1.2 °C (34.2 °F). Winters are severe and lengthy, and the lowest recorded temperature was −55 °C (−67 °F) in January 1931. However, the average temperature in January is between −21 °C (−6 °F) and −13 °C (9 °F). The average temperature in July is +18.8 °C (65.8 °F). The total annual rainfall is 587 millimeters (23.1 in). In 2006, Tomsk experienced what might have been its first recorded winds of hurricane force, which toppled trees and damaged houses. Tomsk

222-565: Is also a Museum of Oppression, housed in a former KGB dungeon. Tomsk State University has a number of small museums with exhibits on archaeology , paleontology , zoology , as well as a herbarium and a botanical garden As in many other cities in the former Soviet Union , the revolutionary government destroyed a number of old churches in the city including two that had existed since the 17th century. However, Tomsk managed to save some of its churches by transforming them into machine shops, warehouses, archives, and even residential buildings. Since

259-552: Is governed by a mayor and a 33-member Duma . The current mayor, appointed in 2013, is Ivan Klyayn , a member of The United Russia party. Of the 33 members, 16 are elected from the eight double mandate districts while 17 are chosen from party lists . In the October 2005 local elections, United Russia was expected to cruise to a solid victory; however, the Pensioners Party put up a strong showing. The final count

296-569: Is produced by the GRES-2 (281 MWt) and TEC-3 (140 MWt) powerplants, belonging to Tomskenergo Inc. Tomsk supplements its energy needs with electricity generated at Seversk . A large number of educational institutions in the city have contributed to making Tomsk a major center for Russia's IT industry. Tomsk was one of the first cities in Russia to gain access to the Internet, which became available in

333-432: Is provided by marshrutkas (routed taxis) and minibuses (mostly manufactured by PAZ , and serving about forty routes). Additionally, the city has eleven proper bus routes, eight trolleybus lines (built in 1967), and five tram lines (constructed in 1949). Private taxis are also readily available. The city is served by Bogashevo Airport , which offers both domestic and international flights. Located 20 kilometers from

370-525: The Cold War , Tomsk became one of many designated closed cities , which outsiders and, in particular, foreigners, could not visit. In 1949 matters went a stage further with the establishment of a secret city, known as "Tomsk-7 " (or sometimes simply as "Postbox 5") 15 kilometres (9 miles) north-west of Tomsk; the new settlement became the home of the Tomsk Nuclear Plant (subsequently renamed

407-515: The Party of Socialists-Revolutionaries (PSR), directed by Victor Chernov . This usurpation of authority by the Council of People's Commissars and the 2nd All-Russian Congress of Soviets did not end opposition to the Bolshevik regime, however. In December 1917 elections were held to select a Siberian Regional Duma which was to be convened in the city of Tomsk . Owing to the revolutionary temper of

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444-817: The Provisional Government of Autonomous Siberia ), was an ephemeral government for Siberia created by the White movement . The seizure of power by the Bolshevik Party in Petrograd in the Russian Revolution of November 1917 was followed by the dispersal of the Russian Constituent Assembly early in the morning of January 19, 1918 (N.S.) , a body which had been dominated by the elected representatives of

481-756: The Revolt of the Czechoslovak Legion . According to William Henry Chamberlin , "...the initiative in setting up a new government was taken by three men, Markhov, Mikhailov and Lindberg, who described themselves as representatives of the Siberian Government and members of the All-Russian Constituent Assembly , and by the head of the Tomsk Zemstvo , Sidorov." On 30 June a new government took place through

518-762: The Ufa Directory . Chamberlin states, "Vologodsky went to Eastern Siberia and obtained the abdication of the phantom Derber Cabinet in Vladivostok ." During November of 1918, a coup occurred in Omsk and installed Alexander Kolchak as the Supreme Ruler of Russia. This Russian history –related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Provisional Siberian Government (Vladivostok) The Provisional Siberian Government ( Russian : Вре́менное Сиби́рское прави́тельство , later

555-609: The administrative center of Tomsk Oblast in Russia , on the Tom River . Population: 556,478 ( 2021 Census ) ; 524,669 ( 2010 Census ) ; 487,838 ( 2002 Census ) ; 501,963 ( 1989 Soviet census ) . Founded in 1604, Tomsk is one of the oldest cities in Siberia . It has six universities, with over 100,000 students, including Tomsk State University , the oldest university in Siberia. Tomsk originated with

592-476: The 19th century; however, when in the 1890s the Trans-Siberian Railway bypassed the city in favor of the village of Novonikolayevsk (Novosibirsk), development began to move south to connect with the railway. In time, Novosibirsk would surpass Tomsk in importance. In the mid-19th century one fifth of the city's residents were exiles . However, within a few years, the city reinvented itself as

629-722: The Sibirskaya Nuclear Power Plant), the Soviet Union 's first industrial-scale nuclear-power station. Tomsk-7 received municipal status in 1956 and was renamed Seversk in 1992. Tomsk serves as the administrative center of the oblast and, within the framework of administrative divisions , it also serves as the administrative center of Tomsky District , even though it is not a part of it. As an administrative division, it is, together with seven rural localities , incorporated separately as Tomsk City Under Oblast Jurisdiction —an administrative unit with

666-653: The Trans-Siberian railway is available via the town of Tayga. A regional rail line links Tomsk with Tayga. The Tomsk Railway existed as an independent entity until 1961. At the present time, the Tomsk line belongs to the West-Siberian Railway , branch of Russian Railways Corp. Trains link Tomsk to Anapa , Asino , Barnaul , Bely Yar, Moscow , Novokuznetsk , Novosibirsk , Sochi , and Tayga. The majority of inner-city and suburban transportation

703-729: The basis of universal suffrage and which, like the Constituent Assembly , had been dispersed by the Bolsheviki." Derber didn't agree with the formation of this new government, and during a meeting at Vladivostok his PSG was renamed as the Provisional Government of Autonomous Siberia (PGAS). PGAS and the new PSG didn't recognize each other and each claimed itself as the only government of Siberia, but Derber's government didn't have armed forces. Soon afterward, Derber resigned and left Vladivostok; his successor

740-722: The body's legitimacy. With the Monarchist Right and the Center both effectively excluded, and the Bolshevik Left boycotting, the delegates elected to the Siberian regional parliament were dominated by members of Chernov's PSR. After a delay necessitated by the inability to assemble a quorum of elected representatives, on the night of January 28/29, 1918, some forty delegates finally succeeded in gathering in Tomsk to perform their business. This body expeditiously elected

777-417: The city center, the airport was renovated in 2013. The airport is home to offices for S7 Airlines , Aeroflot , Ural Airlines , Turukhan Airlines , NordStar Airlines , RusLine , Red Wings Airlines , ALROSA , and UTair Aviation . There is a commercial and passenger port on the Tom River . Tomsk has many local cultural institutions including several drama theaters, as well as a children's theater and

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814-493: The early 1990s owing to grants received by universities and scientific cooperation. Tomsk has a number of prominent institutions of higher education, including: Tomsk is a small railway center that is situated on the Tayga — Bely Yar line ( Tomsk branch ) of the Trans-Siberian Railway . The main line of the Trans-Siberian railway, built in 1896, passes 50 km (31 mi) south of Tomsk and bypasses Tomsk. Access from Tomsk to

851-590: The educational center of Siberia with the establishment of Tomsk State University , founded in 1880, and Tomsk Polytechnic University , founded in 1896. By World War II , every twelfth resident of the city was a student, giving rise to the city's nickname, the Siberian Athens . After the October Revolution of 1917, the city became a notable center of the White movement , led by Anatoly Pepelyayev and Maria Bochkareva , among others. After

888-636: The efforts of the more conservative groups and army officers. According to Chamberlin, "The first sign of a swing to the right was the replacement of the Commissariat, which had been guided in its activities by the programme of the Socialist Revolutionary Party , by a group of Ministers of the Derber Government, headed by Pyotr Vologodsky , a jurist with the reputation of a moderate liberal." Autonomous Siberia's flag

925-422: The end of the communist era some of the churches have been renovated and returned to their congregations. Tomsk is well known for its intricate "gingerbread" decoration of traditional wooden houses in the area. However, the number of old homes in this style is decreasing due to redevelopment or some of them catching fire, as the structures have little to no fire protection. Trud (Labor) Stadium , in central Tomsk

962-558: The land for the fortress to the Tsar. In 1804, the Imperial Russian government selected Tomsk as the seat of the new Tomsk Governorate , which would include the modern cities of Novosibirsk , Kemerovo , and Krasnoyarsk , as well as the territories now in Eastern Kazakhstan . The new status brought development and the city grew quickly. The discovery of gold in 1830 brought further development to Tomsk in

999-677: The more secure Pacific region. On 1 June 1918, after the Revolt of the Czechoslovak Legion , the formation of the West Siberian Commissariat was announced. According to William Henry Chamberlin , "It derived its claim to authority from the Government, headed by a Socialist Revolutionary named Derber, which had been elected in February by the Siberian Regional Duma, a body which had been chosen on

1036-795: The other, and each claimed to be the sole government of Siberia. The generals of the Siberian Army deferred to the Vologodskii government in Omsk, however, resulting in the marginalization of the Vladivostok regime. During September 1918, after the State Meeting in Ufa , the Provisional Siberian Government (Omsk) was transitioned into a new government, the Provisional All-Russian Government, known informally as

1073-427: The radio stations Radio Siberia and Echo of Moscow in Tomsk along with several newspapers ( Tomskaya Nedelya , Krasnoye Znamya and Vechernii Tomsk ). In April 2006 Tomsk received international media attention as the venue of a major summit on economic cooperation, held in the city between Russian President Vladimir Putin and German Chancellor Angela Merkel . Tomsk is the only non-capital member of

1110-400: The status equal to that of the districts . As a municipal division , Tomsk City Under Oblast Jurisdiction is incorporated as Tomsk Urban Okrug . Tomsk is divided into four city districts: Kirovsky, Leninsky, Oktyabrsky, and Sovetsky. Tomsk has a humid continental climate ( Köppen climate classification Dfb ) barely escaping a subarctic classification. The annual average temperature

1147-463: The theater was attacked and set on fire by members of the Black Hundred , a hard-line nationalist organization. Those who escaped the flames were gunned down by Black Hundred members waiting outside the theater. Estimates put the number of casualties between 200 and 1000. There are a number of museums in Tomsk devoted to various subjects, most notably art, local history and wood carving. There

Provisional Siberian Government (Omsk) - Misplaced Pages Continue

1184-535: The times, the middle class and the bourgeoisie had been excluded from the elections to this body, a decision which was denounced by the centrist Constitutional Democratic Party (known as the K-D, or Kadets). Additionally the Bolsheviks considered the Siberian effort as an attempt to reduce the sovereignty of their own regime and refused to participate with the elections to this Siberian Regional Duma or to recognize

1221-592: The victory of the Red Army in the 1920s, Soviet authorities incorporated Tomsk into the West Siberian Krai and later into Novosibirsk Oblast . Like many Siberian cities, Tomsk became the new home for many factories relocated out of the war zone from 1941. The resulting growth of the city led the Soviet government to establish the new Tomsk Oblast, with Tomsk serving as the administrative center. During

1258-470: Was (proportional representation): In 2020, supporters of Alexei Navalny won at least 16 seats in Tomsk's 37-seat city council while the pro-Putin United Russia party secured no more than 11 seats. Tomsk has the oldest electrical grid in Siberia . There are three power stations in the city: Tomsk consumes more electric energy than it produces. The bulk of the city's electric and thermal energy

1295-581: Was I.A.Lavrov of the Socialist-Revolutionary Party. In September 1918, Pyotr Vologodsky , representing the Provisional All-Russian Government , traveled to Eastern Siberia according to Chamberlin, "...and obtained the abdication of the phantom Derber Cabinet in Vladivostok." Tomsk Tomsk ( Russian : Томск , IPA: [tomsk] ; Siberian Tatar : Түң-тора ) is a city and

1332-517: Was green and white to symbolize the snows and forests. On 4 July, this Siberian government declared itself as the sole Siberian authority. The Derber government in Vladivostok refused to recognize the legitimacy of this new government based in Omsk . A reorganization of the Vladivostok government followed, with the name Provisional Government of Autonomous Siberia (PGAS) adopted. The PGAS in Vladivostok and new PSG in Omsk each refused to recognize

1369-629: Was the base for matches with the FC Tom Tomsk , the city's professional football club, before dissolving in 2022. The team's 2004 promotion to the Russian Premier League gave local fans a chance to see some of the nation's best teams play at the city's own stadium. Tomsk has many local media outlets including the TV2 (Tomsk)  [ ru ] television station, shut down by the authorities and turned into an internet TV medium,

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