62-594: Oak Flats is a suburb of Shellharbour , New South Wales , Australia situated on the south western shores of Lake Illawarra and within the Illawarra region of New South Wales . It is a residential area, which had a population of 6,840 at the 2021 census . Oak Flats is one of the 324 suburbs that sits within the Wollongong Statistical District, which covers the local authority areas of Wollongong , Shellharbour and Kiama . Oak Flats
124-645: A "play and activity" institute in 1837, in Bad Blankenburg , in the principality of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt , as an experimental social experience for children entering school. He renamed his institute Kindergarten (meaning "garden of children") on June 28, 1840, reflecting his belief that children should be nurtured and nourished "like plants in a garden". Fröbel introduced a pedagogical environment where children could develop through their own self-expression and self-directed learning , facilitated by play, songs, stories, and various other activities; this
186-497: A certain educational approach, such as Montessori , Reggio Emilia , " Berliner Bildungsprogramm " or Waldorf ; forest kindergartens are well established. Most Kindergärten are subsidised by the community councils, with the fees depending on the income of the parents. Even in smaller townships, there are often both Roman Catholic and Lutheran kindergartens available. Places in crèches and kindergarten are often difficult to secure and must be reserved in advance, although
248-485: A crèche ( Kinderkrippe ) for children between the ages of eight weeks and three years, and possibly an afternoon Hort (often associated with a primary school) for school-age children aged six to ten who spend time after their lessons there. Alongside nurseries, there are day care nurses ( Tagesmütter or Tagespflegepersonen ) working independently of any preschool institution in individual homes and looking after only three to five children, typically up to
310-519: A diploma. In India , there are only informal directives pertaining to pre-primary education, for which pre-primary schools and sections need no affiliation. Directives state that children who are three years old on 30 September in the given academic year are eligible to attend nursery and kindergarten classes. Typically, children spend three to four years of their time in pre-primary school after which they are eligible to attend 1st standard in primary school which falls under HRD ministry norms. Pre-primary
372-778: A kindergarten in Hamburg and a seminar training kindergarten teachers during his study trip to Central Europe. As early as 1920, there were about 80 kindergartens in operation across Finland, with a total of about 6,000 children. Kindergarten activity emphasis and background communities vary. In Finland, most kindergartens are society's service to families while some are private. The underlying philosophy may be Montessori or Waldorf education . Preschools often also operate in connection with Finnish kindergartens. Kindergartens can also arrange language immersion programs in different languages. Finnish kindergartens now have an early childhood education plan, and parenting discussions are held with
434-567: A variety of teaching methods. In 1779, Johann Friedrich Oberlin and Louise Scheppler founded in Strasbourg an early establishment for caring for and educating preschool children whose parents were absent during the day. At about the same time, in 1780, similar infant establishments were created in Bavaria . In 1802, Princess Pauline zur Lippe established a preschool center in Detmold ,
496-564: Is a government-funding secondary school, which was opened on a 20-hectare (49-acre) site on the eastern end of the suburb in 1962. It has 760 enrolments and provides education to children between year 7 and year 12. Balarang Public School was opened in 1968 in a four hectare landscape in Oak Flats. It is located right next to Oak Flats High School. The school provides education to children between Kindergarten and year 6 and draws 30% of its enrolments from other surrounding suburbs. The name of
558-609: Is a day care service offered to children from age three until the child starts attending school. Kindergarten classes (grade 0) were made mandatory in 2009 and are offered by primary schools before a child enters first grade. Two-thirds of established day care institutions in Denmark are municipal day care centres while the other third are privately owned and are run by associations of parents or businesses in agreement with local authorities. In terms of both finances and subject matter, municipal and private institutions function according to
620-530: Is called nipiagogio ( νηπιαγωγείο ). Kindergarten is a form of preschool and may be referred to interchangeably as preschool. Pre-primary Services in Hong Kong refers to provision of education and care to young children by kindergartens and child care centres. Kindergartens, registered with the Education Bureau , provide services for children from three to six years old. Child care centres, on
682-485: Is called prématernelle (which is not mandatory), is attended by four-year-olds, and senior kindergarten (SK) is called maternelle , which is also not mandatory by the age of five; this class is integrated into primary schools. In Chile, the term equivalent to kindergarten is educación parvularia , sometimes also called educación preescolar . It is the first level of the Chilean educational system . It meets
SECTION 10
#1732780775859744-804: Is generally divided into a "nursery" or "preschool" stage and a "kindergarten" ( Chinese : 幼儿园 ; pinyin : yòu'éryuán ) stage. These can be two separate institutions, or a single combined one in different areas. Where there are two separate institutions, it is common for the kindergarten to consist of the two upper years, and the preschool to consist of one lower year. Common names for these three years are: In some places, children at five to six years may in addition or instead attend reception or preparatory classes ( Chinese : 学前班 ; pinyin : xué qián bān ) focusing on preparing children for formal schooling. State (public) kindergartens only accept children older than three years, while private ones do not have such limitations. Kindergarten ( børnehave )
806-564: Is locally governed by the Shellharbour City Council , which governs 22 suburbs within the area. The Indigenous people of Yuin are the traditional owners of the South Coast . Traces of Aboriginal occupation of Oak Flats date back to around 15,000 BC. The area was discovered by George Bass and Matthew Flinders in 1796, whilst free settlers arrived in the nearby town of Shellharbour between 1817 and 1831. As
868-619: Is located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) south of Sydney and covers the southern suburbs of the Wollongong urban area centred on Shellharbour and it had an estimated population of 68,460 at the 2016 census . The area is bordered by the City of Wollongong to the north, with the boundary being the Lake Illawarra entrance (and the suburb of Lake Illawarra ) and Macquarie Rivulet ( Albion Park Rail ). The Municipality of Kiama
930-1014: Is located in southeast New South Wales and had a population of around 6,840 (48.7% male, 51.3% female) at the 2021 census . Around 1,949 families lived in the area and of those 37.5% had one or more children under the age of 15. 20.6% of families had only a single parent while 39.3% of couples had no children. Oak Flats covers an area of approximately 359 hectares (887 acres). In terms of people aged 15 years or more living in Oak Flats, 44.5% were married, 10.4% were divorced, 4.1% were separated, 6.7% were widowed and 34.4% had never married. Oak Flats varies in altitude/elevation from about −4 m (–13.12 ft) (highlight point) to 36 m (118 ft) (highlight point) above sea level. Neighbouring suburbs/regional areas of Oak Flats include Albion Park Rail, Albion Park, Blackbutt and Mount Warrigal. Oak Flats has four major schools within its boundaries, including Balarang Primary, Oak Flats Primary School, Oak Flats High School and Corpus Christi Catholic High School . Oak Flats High School
992-489: Is required to have an early childhood center, at present, no governmental policies deal with early childhood and no institutions have either the responsibility or the capacity to provide such services. In each state of Australia, kindergarten (frequently referred to as kinder or kindy ) means something slightly different. In Tasmania , New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory , it
1054-534: Is the first school to open in the area of Oak Flats. It provides education and supervision for children between Kindergarten and Year 6. The school also provides pre-school . Oak Flats Anglican Church began services in a house in 1947 before moving to the current premises at 35 Fisher Street, Oak Flats, in 1951. The Uniting Church was once located in Parkes St Oak Flats. The property is now home to Uthman mosque Oak Flats has its own rail station on
1116-412: Is the first year of primary school. In Victoria , kindergarten is a form of preschool and may be referred to interchangeably as preschool or kindergarten. In Victoria, Queensland and Tasmania, the term for the first year of primary school is prep (short for "preparatory"), which is followed by year 1. In Queensland, kindergarten is usually an institution for children around the age of four and thus it
1178-525: Is the only non-compulsory education modality, for children up to four years old completed after March 31 for the vast majority of states. From the age of four completed until March 31, the child is eligible for preschool ( Pré-Escola ), which is mandatory and precedes the 1st grade. When a child turns six years old between April 1 and December 31, he/she must be in kindergarten (last grade of preschool nursery school), also known as kindergarten III, also known as 3º período da Escola Infantil . In Bulgaria ,
1240-537: Is the precursor to preschool and primary education. As with Victoria and Tasmania, the first year of primary school is also called prep , which is then followed by year 1. The year preceding the first year of primary school education in Western Australia, South Australia or the Northern Territory is referred to respectively as pre-primary , reception or transition . In Western Australia,
1302-424: Is to provide children with a relaxing and pleasurable learning environment to promote a balanced development of different aspects necessary to a child's development such as the physical, intellectual, language, social, emotional and aesthetic aspects. To help establish the culture of self-evaluation in kindergartens and to provide reference for the public in assessing the quality and standard of pre-primary education,
SECTION 20
#17327807758591364-545: Is to the south of the City of Shellharbour. The mayor of the Shellharbour City Council is Cr. Chris Homer. Indigenous occupation of the area, particularly of Bass Point, can be traced back to 17,000 BCE. The area was discovered by Europeans Bass and Flinders in 1796. Free settlers began arriving between 1817 and 1831 and the township was founded in 1851. The Shellharbour (Municipal) Council
1426-880: The Bengali language . They also follow the textbooks published by the National Curriculum and Textbook Board (NCTB) with slight modification, adding some extra books to the syllabus. The grades generally start from nursery (sometimes "play group"), "KG" afterwards, and end with the 5th grade. Separate from the National Education System, kindergarten contributes greatly toward achieving the Millennium Development Goal of universal primary education in Bangladesh. In Brazil, kindergarten ( Portuguese : Jardim de Infância )
1488-658: The Macquarie Pass National Park . There are various beaches in Shellharbour such as the Blacks Beach, Shellharbour North Beach, Shellharbour South Beach, Warilla Central Beach, Warilla North Beach, and Warilla South Beach which are some of the major crowd pullers. Kindergarten Kindergarten is a preschool educational approach based on playing , singing , practical activities such as drawing , and social interaction as part of
1550-537: The NSW TrainLink South Coast line . There is also a bus station/bus stop at the rail station for interchanging with trains. Oak Flats contains two cricket grounds (Shane Lee Oval, Geoff Shaw Oval and Brett Lee Oval), two soccer grounds (Keith Bond Oval and Panorama Oval), and one tennis court. City of Shellharbour The City of Shellharbour is a local government area in the Illawarra region of New South Wales , Australia . The city
1612-580: The Northwest Territories generally provide one year of kindergarten, except some private schools which offer junior kindergarten (JK) for four-year-olds (school before kindergarten is most commonly referred to as preschool ). Kindergarten is mandatory in British Columbia , New Brunswick , and Prince Edward Island , and is optional elsewhere. The province of Nova Scotia refers to kindergarten as grade primary. After kindergarten,
1674-745: The Toronto Normal School (teacher training) opened a department for kindergarten teaching. The Australian kindergarten movement emerged in the last decade of the nineteenth century as both a philanthropic and educational endeavour. The first free kindergarten in Australia was established in 1896 in Sydney, New South Wales , by the Kindergarten Union of NSW (now KU Children's Services) led by reformer Maybanke Anderson . American educator Elizabeth Harrison wrote extensively on
1736-658: The playground . In 1823, Wilderspin published On the Importance of Educating the Infant Poor , based on the school. He began working for the Infant School Society the next year, informing others about his views. He also wrote The Infant System, for developing the physical, intellectual, and moral powers of all children from 1 to seven years of age . Countess Theresa Brunszvik (1775–1861), who had known and been influenced by Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi ,
1798-466: The 2018 law, almost all children aged three to five attended école maternelle . It is regulated by the Ministry of National Education . In Germany, a Kindergarten (masculine: der Kindergarten , plural die Kindergärten ) is a facility for the care of preschool children who are typically at least three years old. By contrast, Kinderkrippe or Krippe refers to a crèche for
1860-539: The Education Bureau has developed performance indicators for pre-primary institutions in Hong Kong. Commencing in the 2000–2001 school year, quality assurance inspection was launched to further promote the development of quality early childhood education. In Hungary a kindergarten is called an óvoda ("protectory"). Children attend kindergarten between ages three and six or seven (they go to school in
1922-688: The New South Wales Government decided not to forcibly amalgamate Shellharbour Council with Wollongong Council. The City of Shellharbour has a number of heritage-listed sites, including: The City of Shellharbour contains the following suburbs and localities: As of 2023, Shellharbour City Council is composed of eight councillors elected proportionally in four wards.. Under the Local Government (Shellharbour and Wollongong Elections) Act, 2011 (NSW), councillors are elected to hold office until September 2024 . Since 2021 ,
Oak Flats, New South Wales - Misplaced Pages Continue
1984-516: The Soviet model, these early childhood development programs provided nursery care, preschool, and kindergarten for children from three months to six years of age under the direction of the Department of Labor and Social Welfare. The vast majority of Afghan families were never exposed to this system, and many of these families were in opposition to these programs due to the belief that it diminishes
2046-780: The US was established in St. Louis in 1873 by Susan Blow . Canada's first private kindergarten was opened by the Wesleyan Methodist Church in Charlottetown , Prince Edward Island , in 1870. By the end of the decade, they were common in large Canadian towns and cities. In 1882, The country's first public-school kindergartens were established in Berlin, Ontario (modern Kitchener ) at the Central School . In 1885,
2108-460: The age of three. These nurses are supported and supervised by local authorities. The term Vorschule ('preschool') is used both for educational efforts in Kindergärten and for a mandatory class that is usually connected to a primary school. Both systems are handled differently in each German state . The Schulkindergarten is a type of Vorschule . In Greece, kindergarten
2170-587: The area. Development of Oak Flats as a suburb began in 1925 with the Lake Illawarra Township Estate as the centre, followed by the Kembla Vista and Panorama Estates. Economic Depression of the 1930s coupled with the onset of WWII, slowed development. Post WWII migration brought immigrants predominantly Dutch, and German to Oak Flats, and the town began to develop rapidly. In the early 1930s, Sydney newspapers invited holiday makers to
2232-538: The capital of the then principality of Lippe , Germany (now in the State of North Rhine-Westphalia ). In 1816, Robert Owen , a philosopher and pedagogue , opened the first British and probably globally the first infants school in New Lanark , Scotland. In conjunction with his venture for cooperative mills, Owen wanted the children to be given a good moral education so that they would be fit for work. His system
2294-417: The care of children before they enter Kindergarten (nine weeks to about three years), while Kindertagesstätte —literally 'children's day site', usually shortened to Kita —is an umbrella term for any day care facility for preschoolers. Attendance is voluntary, and usually not free of charge. Preschool children over the age of one are entitled to receive local and affordable day care. Within
2356-547: The central role of the family and inculcates children with Soviet values. With the onset of civil war after the Soviet withdrawal, the number of kindergartens dropped rapidly. By 1995, only 88 functioning facilities serving 2,110 children survived, and the Taliban restrictions on female employment eliminated all of the remaining centers in areas under their control. In 2007, there were about 260 kindergarten/preschool centers serving over 25,000 children. Though every government center
2418-650: The child begins grade one. The province of Ontario and the Northwest Territories provide two years of kindergarten, usually part of an elementary school. Within the French school system in Ontario, junior kindergarten is called maternelle and senior kindergarten is called jardin d'enfants , which is a calque of the German word Kindergarten . Within the province of Quebec , junior kindergarten
2480-414: The country, welcoming children aged from three to five (although in many places, children under three may not be granted a place). The ages are divided into grande section (GS: five-year-olds), moyenne section (MS: four-year-olds), petite section (PS: three-year-olds) and toute petite section (TPS: two-year-olds). It became compulsory in 2018 for all children aged three. Even before
2542-406: The federal system, Kindergärten fall under the responsibility of the states , which usually delegate a large share of the responsibility to the municipalities. Due to the subsidiarity principle stipulated by §4 SGB VIII , there are a multitude of operators, from municipalities, churches and welfare societies to parents' initiatives and profit-based corporations. Many Kindergärten follow
Oak Flats, New South Wales - Misplaced Pages Continue
2604-607: The mayor has been directly elected. The current council, elected in 2021 , is: Shellharbour City has many attractions for family entertainment and recreation. In Albion Park Rail there is a Light Rail Museum and steam trains, Historical Aircraft Restoration Society (HARS) Museum, and Albion Oval; a local sports ground. Shellharbour Village, the beach and playground are also popular attractions. Excellent fishing at Lake Illawarra and superb surfing at Warilla beach. A cycleway goes from Oak Flats to Barrack Point. The Macquarie Valley (Shellharbour) provides scenic views and also includes
2666-494: The needs of boys and girls integrally from birth until their entry to the educación básica (primary education), without being considered compulsory. Generally, schools imparting this level, the JUNJI (National Council of Kindergarten Schools) and other private institutions have the following organization of groups or subcategories of levels: In China, preschool education, before the child enters formal schooling at 6 years of age,
2728-610: The other hand, are registered with the Social Welfare Department and include nurseries, catering for children aged two to three, and creches, looking after infants from birth to two. At present, most of the kindergartens operate on a half-day basis offering upper and lower kindergarten and nursery classes. Some kindergartens also operate full-day kindergarten classes. Child care centres also provide full-day and half-day services with most centres providing full-day services. The aim of pre-primary education in Hong Kong
2790-415: The parents of each child every year. Among OECD countries, Finland has higher-than-average public funding for early childhood education and the highest number of staff for children under the age of three: only four children per adult. In France, preschool is known as école maternelle (French for "nursery school", literally "maternal school"). Free maternelle schools are available throughout
2852-416: The population in the suburbs around Oak Flats grew, the need for more residential areas became more important. The eastern end of the suburb is commonly known as Balarang . Ownership of area was first as a grant of 1,200 acres (485 hectares) to army officer John Horsley in 1821. The grant was situated on the southern shores of Lake Illawarra and known as the 'Oak Flats Run'. The land was used to run cattle in
2914-512: The same principles. Denmark is credited with pioneering (although not inventing) forest kindergartens , in which children spend most of every day outside in a natural environment. In Egypt, children may go to kindergarten for two years (KG1 and KG2) between the ages of four and six. At the end of the 1850s, Uno Cygnaeus , known as the "father of the Finnish primary school", presented the idea of bringing kindergartens to Finland after attending
2976-415: The school is an Indigenous meaning for 'place of swamp oak'. Corpus Christi Catholic High School is a Catholic co-educational school which opened in 2006 with its first group of Year 7 students. The students are drawn from the parishes extending from Port Kembla in the north to Kiama in the south. Since the opening, Corpus Christi has grown to become a Years 7–12 school . Oak Flats public school
3038-701: The school system, they are often run by the government. Early childhood development programs were first introduced during the Soviet occupation with the establishment in 1980 of 27 urban preschools. The number of preschools grew steadily during the 1980s, peaking in 1990 with more than 270 in Afghanistan. At its peak, there were 2,300 teachers caring for more than 21,000 children in the country. These facilities were an urban phenomenon, mostly in Kabul , and were attached to schools, government offices, or factories. Based on
3100-559: The situation has improved with a new law in effect August 2013. The availability of childcare, however, varies greatly by region. It is usually better in eastern regions, and in big cities in the north, such as Berlin or Hamburg, and poorest in parts of Southern Germany . All caretakers in Kita or Kindergarten must have a three-year qualified education, or are under special supervision during training. Kindergärten can be open from 7 a.m. to 5 p.m. or longer and may also house
3162-539: The term detska gradina ( детска градина ) refers to the caring and schooling children attend from ages three to seven (in some cases six). Usually the children attend the detska gradina from morning until late afternoon when their parents return from work. Most Bulgarian kindergartens are public. Since 2012, two years of preschool education are compulsory. These two years of mandatory preschool education may be attended either in kindergarten or in preparatory groups at primary schools. Schools outside of Ontario and
SECTION 50
#17327807758593224-502: The theory of early childhood education and worked to enhance educational standards for kindergarten teachers by establishing what became the National College of Education in 1886. In Afghanistan , children between the ages of three and six attend kindergartens ( Dari : کودکستان , romanized: kōdakistān ; Pashto : وړکتون , romanized: woṛëktun ). Although kindergartens in Afghanistan are not part of
3286-542: The therapeutic waters of Lake Illawarra as an alternative to spas in the Blue Mountains. Visitors to Oak Flats initially stayed in the two-storey guesthouse on the Boulevarde. Blocks were also purchased and small week-enders erected by visitors keen to return to Lake Illawarra as a holiday destination. A boat shed, where rowing boats could be hired, stood on the end of the small point at Central Park. The shoreline
3348-544: The transition from home to school. Such institutions were originally made in the late 18th century in Germany , Bavaria and Alsace to serve children whose parents both worked outside home. The term was coined by German pedagogue Friedrich Fröbel , whose approach globally influenced early-years education. Today, the term is used in many countries to describe a variety of educational institutions and learning spaces for children ranging from two to six years of age, based on
3410-590: The world. The first kindergarten in the US was founded in Watertown, Wisconsin , in 1856, and was conducted in German by Margaretha Meyer-Schurz . Elizabeth Peabody founded the first English-language kindergarten in the US in 1860. The first free kindergarten in the US was founded in 1870 by Conrad Poppenhusen , a German industrialist and philanthropist, who also established the Poppenhusen Institute . The first publicly financed kindergarten in
3472-462: The year in which they have their seventh birthday). Attendance in kindergarten is compulsory from the age of three years, though exceptions are made for developmental reasons. Though kindergartens may include programs in subjects such as foreign language and music, children spend most of their time playing. In their last year, children begin preparation for elementary school. Most kindergartens are state-funded. Kindergarten teachers are required to have
3534-447: The year preceding pre-primary is called kindergarten. In Bangladesh , the term kindergarten, or KG school (kindergarten school), is used to refer to the schooling children attend from three to six years of age. The names of the levels are nursery , shishu ('children'), etc. The view of kindergarten education has changed significantly over time. Almost every rural area now has at least one kindergarten school, with most being run in
3596-423: Was constituted on 4 June 1859, and was gazetted as a City in 1996. In May 2009, Shellharbour City Council celebrated its sesquicentenary . A 2015 review of local government boundaries recommended that the City of Shellharbour merge with the City of Wollongong to form a new council with an area of 831 square kilometres (321 sq mi) and support a population of approximately 276,000. On 13 February 2017,
3658-652: Was in contrast to earlier infant establishments, and Fröbel is therefore credited with the creation of the kindergarten. Around 1873, Caroline Wiseneder 's method for teaching instrumental music to young children was adopted by the national kindergarten movement in Germany. In 1840, the well-connected educator Emily Ronalds was the first British person to study Fröbel's approach and he urged her to transplant his kindergarten concepts in England. Later, women trained by Fröbel opened kindergartens throughout Europe and around
3720-599: Was influenced by this example to open an Angyalkert ('angel garden' in Hungarian) on May 27, 1828, in her residence in Buda , the first of eleven care centers that she founded for young children. In 1836 she established an institute for the foundation of preschool centers. The idea became popular among the nobility and the middle class and was copied throughout the Kingdom of Hungary . Friedrich Fröbel (1782–1852) opened
3782-558: Was popular on hot summer days when families would congregate on the grassy banks to rest or swim in the Lake. Many streets of Oak Flats are named after Australian prime ministers . These include Deakin Street and Barton Street. Oak Flats was designed by Walter Burley Griffin who also designed Canberra. Similar concepts in the design include that the town centres around a round street (Bridge Ave) like Canberra does Parliament house. Oak Flats
SECTION 60
#17327807758593844-472: Was successful in producing obedient children with basic literacy and numeracy . Samuel Wilderspin opened his first infant school in London in 1819, and went on to establish hundreds more. He published many works on the subject, and his work became the model for infant schools throughout England and further afield. Play was an important part of Wilderspin's system of education. He is credited with inventing
#858141