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47-470: The Oetenbach nunnery was first mentioned in 1237 AD at its first location at the present Zürichhorn . Because the swampy area at the Oetenbach stream was a bad place for the construction of a permanently inhabited convent, some decades later, it was built on the northern slope Sihlbühl of the present Lindenhof hill. On the so-called Murerplan map of 1576, the central Lindenhof–Sihlbühl hill area

94-531: A circle of 7 metres (23 ft) in diameter. The rotunda is located on the former island settlement, about 500 metres (1,640 ft) away from the Vicus Turicum . The archaeological material indicates that the facility sure may was used up in the 3rd century AD, even up in the 4th century AD by the Gallo-Roman population. On the one hand, the interpretation as the temple is based on the insularity and

141-461: A last time between 1868 and 1878, and probably the present Giacometti entrance area in 1890, and the last original structures of the Oetenbach nunnery may have been removed by as original 1901 plans by Ferdinand Curti and Hermann Fietz suggest. The lack of space and the separation of prisoners by criminal categories ordered by the then new criminal law, initiated the design and construction of

188-554: A new detention centre for modern principles. So, in the night of 8 to 9 October 1901, the prisoners were moved to the new prison Pöschwies in Regensdorf. In the same year, the remaining monastery area passed into the possession of the city of Zürich. The remaining Oetenbach building was broken in 1901/02, but the Waisenhaus , meaning orphanage, was preserved in favour of an administrative centre, that in 1904/1905 took place at

235-480: A settlement Turicum that was more significant than assumed before. A v-shaped Celtic ditch was also dug out, which was discovered a few years ago at the site of the former Oetenbach nunnery . It was probably not an external but an inner moat. This finding is important because the Celts of the late LaäTène period divided their settlements with trenches into different zones. As in other Celtic settlements, this moat marks

282-543: Is a moraine hill that since the European Middle Ages is used as a public square, situated amidst the historic center of Zurich . It was the site of the Roman and Carolingian era Kaiserpfalz around which the modern city has historically grown. The hilltop area including its prehistoric, Celtic, Roman and medieval remains, therefore dominates the historical center alongside the easterly Limmat riverbank and

329-584: Is engraved on the 2nd-century AD tombstone of a little boy. It was found on 15 May 1747, at Pfalzgasse lane leading to the St. Peter church, and refers to the Roman STA(tio) TUR(i)CEN(sis) . Using the advantage of the local topography, the Roman military built a citadel on top of the hill in the years of the Roman emperor Valentinian I (364–375), to defend migrations from the north by

376-648: Is illustrated, surrounded by the Limmat river – at the top, in fact in the east and not in the north – the Fröschengraben and Schanzengraben moat to the right, and some meandering streams of the Sihl river to the right. There are also shown the watermills, provided by the nunneries in Zürich at the location of the present Rathausbrücke and southernly Münsterbrücke and former Gedecktes Brüggli bridges over

423-542: The Lindenhofkeller at one's own risk by contacting Baugeschichtliches Archiv situated at Neumarkt, Zurich . During the reign of Emperor Hadrian, a round wooden temple as an island sanctuary was built at the Grosser Hafner island. The building was erected in 122 AD, and consisted of oak piles driven deep into the lake bottom, surrounded probably with walls made of perishable materials, which formed

470-575: The Alamanni . 4,500 square metres (48,438 sq ft) large, it was fitted with 10 towers and 2 metres (7 ft) wide walls. Likely between the fifth and seventh centuries AD, the hilltop leveled fort became the retaining wall of the growing Gallo-Roman settlement, and so gave the Lindenhof terrace largely its current form. The remains of the Roman Castra were used as the center of

517-591: The Oetenbach nunnery at the Lindenhof-Silhlbühl hill on the western shore of the Limmat river. After the Reformation in Zürich , the city government took over the monastic buildings for new uses. To manage the income of the former convent, the former administration building was held as Oetenbacheramt housing the former wine cellar. In 1601 the building was extensively remodelled and equipped with stepped gables, and as police barracks, in 1872

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564-531: The Oetenbach nunnery , and houses today the police department of the city of Zürich in Switzerland. The Waisenhaus building is situated at Bahnhofquai 3 towards Bahnhofbrücke and Hautbahnhof Zürich . Built in fact outside of the historical core of the medieval town of Zürich, previously the Celtic-Roman Turicum , the former Zucht- und Waisenhaus is the last remaining structure of

611-594: The Our Lady Chapel in 1320. Also probably Johann I von Habsburg-Laufenburg , son of Countess Elisabeth by first marriage, may have supported the nunnery as being in close friendship to the Predigerkloster which got in the 1340s asylum in Rapperswil . So the nunnery spread at the location where the present Urania underground parking facilities were built in the 1960s, and also was forced by

658-524: The Stadhaus building between 1911 and 1914 in the Urania complex, and the former cellar at the entrance floor of the Waisenhaus building was redesigned on behalf of Emil Klöti by Augusto Giacometti between 1923 and 1925 with vault and wall paintings, which are considered as a work of art of national importance. On the occasion of the total renovation of the office building, the so-called Giacometti Halle

705-472: The grain master of the city of Zürich moved his offices to the east wing of the dormitory , which was henceforth referred to as Kornamtshaus . It may be assumed that the grain master occupied the principal rooms, including the two wood-carved rooms at the northern end of the wing that probably served as the apartment of the prioress. As well as the so-called Äbtissinnenstuben of the Fraumünster abbey,

752-604: The Limmat at Schipfe— Limmatquai . At the flat shore of Lake Zurich , there are Neolithic and Bronze Age (4500 to 850 BC) finds, most of them related to the lakeside settlements Kleiner Hafner and Grosser Hafner (both small former islands west of Sechseläutenplatz , near Bauschänzli at the Stadthausquai , and Alpenquai at the Bürkliplatz square. Lindenhof then was largely surrounded by water: until

799-430: The Limmat river in 1689. Measuring about 17.5 metres in length, it connected the lower Mühlesteg and Papierwerd between present Limmatquai and Bahnhofquai nearby Bahnhofbrücke Zürich . At the site of the then-mill lower ridge at Papierwerd – a former river island that later was used as the site of a paper mill – today's Mühlesteg pedestrian bridge was erected. After the death of the last Oetenbach nun in 1566,

846-406: The Limmat river, an old privilege dating back to the foundation of the Fraumünster abbey located at the present Münsterhof square. Oetenbach was named after the small stream of the same name at its first location at Zürichhorn , as today named Wildbach respectively Hornbach . The nuns changed the unhappy chosen location of the former convent to today's Oetenbachgasse in 1286. The founding

893-519: The about 18,000 coins originate from the Eastern Gaul , others are of the Zurich type, that were assigned to the local Helvetii , and date to around 100 BC. The find is so far unique, and the scientific research assumes that the melting down of the lumps was not completed, therefore the aim was to form cultic offerings . The site of the find was at that time at least 50 metres (164 ft) from

940-521: The artisans' quarter, lodging for the nobilitas, cult districts and public spaces. Emil Vogt assumed in the 1960s for traces of an early Roman military system, which he put into context with the Roman Alps campaigns in 15 BC, and so the Celtic finds in the beginning have been classified as Roman finds. During the renovations at Rennweg in 1989, archaeologists discovered traces of a Celtic settlement for

987-410: The city government ( Rat ) of Zürich to enforce the northwesterly fortifications of Zürich , namely the so-called Oetenbach bulwark. The irrigated grave system of medieval Zürich, consisting of Fröschengraben , the outer Sihlgraben and the intermediate town wall was first mentioned in 1258 AD as niuwer graben , and on 23 June 1292, a law to regulate by decree was sealed by the city of Zürich and

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1034-502: The convent, related to the section of the town wall at the Sihlbühl area. On the wall gardens , probably the area between Fröschengraben, Sihlgraben and Schanzengraben , a house is mentioned in 1346. Over the decades, the time accumulating sludge was periodically dug out by day labourers or in forced labour to process. The excavation was used to fertilize the fields of the Oetenbach nunnery. Because of his great appointment district in

1081-473: The convents. The Oetenbach nunnery was dissolved on the occasion of the Reformation in Zürich , and its property was passed over to the city government in 1525. It served thereafter as part of the city fortifications, prison and asylum. Except for the later-built Waisenhaus , all convent buildings were demolished when the Uraniastrasse was built in the 1900s. The Oetenbachbollwerk was a bastion of

1128-435: The cultural layers and rich bar decoration of ceramics occurred exclusively in the lower layer, while the decoration on cannelure groups was limited to the upper layer, as well as some graphite-decorated fragments. So-called Potin lumps , those largest weights 59.2 kilograms (131 lb), where found at Alpenquai in 1890. They consist of a large number of fused Celtic coins, which are mixed with charcoal remnants. Some of

1175-571: The design, on the other hand on finds of coins; the majority of the now nearly 90 coins probably are from a so far not proven predecessor building, probably from the third quarter of the 1st century AD. An island sanctuary of the Helvetii in connection with the 1st century BC settlement oppidum may be assumed. On the occasion of construction works at the Alpenquai site, investigation conducted by probes and probing ditches occurred in 1970. Despite

1222-467: The dredging for the construction of the Seequai between 1916 and 1919, an amazingly big area of approximately 2.8 hectares (7 acres) with two cultural layers was preserved. Both, the upper and the lower cultural layer, were separated by an about 10 centimetres (3.94 in) cm thick layer of lake marl composed of several layers of different materials. There were found pile shoes at different altitudes in

1269-507: The early medieval area, the neighboring Münsterhof area was a swampy, by the Sihl river delta flooded hollow, so that Lindenhof hill was an optimal location for early probably fortified settlements. Middle Bronze Age (1500 BC) artefacts were found at Schipfe ). For the 1st century BC ( La Tène culture ), archaeologists excavated individual and aerial finds of the Celtic oppidum, whose remains were discovered in archaeological campaigns in

1316-486: The eastern side of the still fortified hill; it is last mentioned in 1172, and was derelict by 1218, when its remains were partly scavenged for construction of the city walls and stone masonry on private houses. The Masonic lodge Modestia cum Libertate (MCL) bought in 1851 the so-called Paradies building, where coins, stove tiles and other artefacts from the Celtic, Roman and medieval times were found. The Celtic and Roman remains and foundation stones can be seen in

1363-417: The first time. The significance of the findings was recognized, however, only when in sewer rehabilitation remains of Celtic buildings a few years later have been found. Since then, archaeologists have made further discoveries during excavations at the foot of the Lindenhof hill, whose scientific evaluation proves the Celtic settlement. Recent discoveries set older finds in a new light, and the interpretation of

1410-642: The former Sihlbühl which then was separated by the easterly Uraniastrasse and the building complex housing the Urania Sternwarte . The building remained unused until 1911, and when the Stadthaus was rebuilt and the neighbouring Amthaus buildings were erected by Gustav Gull it became the present headquarters of the police department of the city of Zürich, meaning in German Stadtpolizei Zürich . Gustav Gull integrated

1457-428: The former convent buildings, but now used as the headquarters of the city police Stadtpolizei Zürich . After the Reformation in Zürich , the city government took over the monastic buildings for new uses. Among others, the buildings were used between 1637 and 1639 as an orphanage and a prison. In 1771 the orphans were held in the newly built orphanage in the former monastery's garden. The former orphanage today serves as

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1504-403: The former dormitories of the nuns. In 1771 the orphans were held in the newly built orphanage in the former monastery's garden, and the north and west wings extensively needed to be rebuilt as a penitentiary and workhouse , separating the prison from the new orphanage. The former orphanage today serves as the official Stadthaus I at the present Waisenhausstrasse , meaning orphanage lane. When

1551-470: The fortifications, and was built under the supervision of Balthasar Keller in 1532. The stronghold replaced a wooden mounting in the garden of the Oetenbach convent and had to secure the western town wall and the gate at the Limmat River. In 1642 the bulwark was covered, and in 1764 the adjoining Waisenhaus building was provided as a storage room and economics building. In 1903 the bastion was broken as

1598-437: The historical Schipfe quarter. Its northern part, where the former medieval Oetenbach nunnery was built at the site of a prehistoric cultic place at the present Uraniastrasse road, is called Sihlbühl , meaning the slope towards the Sihl river delta. At the same place, the Urania Sternwarte and Waisenhaus Zürich were built in 1901/02, and therefore important historical archaeological excavations never were done. To

1645-516: The lake shore, and probably 1 metre (3 ft) to 3 metres (10 ft) deep in the water. During the November 2007 excavation under the guidance of Margrit Balmerm, well plates were found that were used by the Celts for making money. Researchers believe that in the wells, small amounts of metal were melted thereby producing metal blanks, and the planchets were later used for coinage. The 1st century BC inhabitants of Celtic Zurich therefore lived in

1692-426: The last construction of the city's fortifications. Numerous finds came to light, including the gravestone of Ulrich I von Regensberg , which was misused as a loophole cornice of the bulwark. The so-called Gedecktes Brüggli served as a pedestrian bridge, was very popular, but was broken in 1950. As its Swiss-German name explains, it was a covered wooden bridge that was created by architect Vögtlin over an arm of

1739-482: The last resident Katharina von Zimmern , thanks to their uninterrupted use and appreciation of the institutions established there, remained in use until a few years before the demolition of the monastic buildings occurred. In 1894 the wood-carved wainscoting were transferred to the Swiss National Museum. The last remaining building of the nunnery is the former Waisenhaus building, thus not one of

1786-407: The later fortification of the historical center of Zurich. Significant parts of the lime mortar and ancient castle wall are integrated into the town houses around the Lindenhof and in a Pfalz . The Gallo-Roman remains existed until the early European Middle Ages, when a Carolingian , later Ottonian Pfalz (1054) was built on its remains. This Kaiserpfalz was a long building with a chapel on

1833-614: The official Stadthaus I at the present Waisenhausstrasse , meaning orphary lane. 47°22′27″N 8°32′25″E  /  47.3741°N 8.5404°E  / 47.3741; 8.5404 Oppidum Z%C3%BCrich-Lindenhof Lindenhof is the present name of the large fortified settlement, or oppidum , likely founded by the Helvetii on the Lindenhof hill on the western shore of the Limmat in Zurich, Switzerland. The Lindenhof

1880-546: The province of the order Dominican Teutonia order, the Predigerkloster at Neumarkt opposite of the Limmat river, influenced almost throughout German-speaking Switzerland. Therefore, the Predigern parish church was in charge of the pastoral care of the Oetenbach nunnery, as well as of the urban communities of the women Beguines , who lived nearby the Dominican and Franciscan mendicant orders in separate quarters outside

1927-484: The remaining buildings of the Oetenbach nunnery were broken, the occasion was not used by the archaeologists to secure finds of the Oppidum Zürich-Lindenhof . In 1903 the adjoint Oetenbachbollwerk bastion was broken as the last structure of the city's fortifications. The subsequent so-called Gedecktes Brüggli served as a pedestrian bridge, and was broken in 1953. The buildings were rebuilt for

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1974-406: The remains of wall paintings were discovered. After a renovation in 1735 the south facade was in 1776 redesigned with a simple baroque, and an additional ceiling was set up and a second floor. From 1799 to 1802 the church buildings were among others used as a military hospital. Already between 1637 and 1639, the ground floor was used as an orphanage in the north, in the west wing a prison was set up in

2021-474: The research is still not succeeded, and therefore old finds will be re-interpreted. The hillside area is listed as in the Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance , including the remains of its prehistoric, Roman and medieval settlements respectively buildings as a Class A object. Waisenhaus Z%C3%BCrich Waisenhaus (also Amthaus I ) is the last remaining building of

2068-451: The south, near the St. Peter church hill, there was another cultic construction towards Münsterhof , and in the west, the hill is limited by the today's Rennweg—Bahnhofstrasse lanes, the site of the Helvetii accommodation and artisan district. The now largely flattened Lindenhof area elevates at 428 metres (1,404 ft) above sea level, and rises about 25 metres (82 ft) above the level of

2115-425: The territory on the easterly shore of Lake Zurich into the Roman provinces Raetia and Germania Superior . Several stone buildings from the Roman period were located on and surrounding the hill. It was part of the small vicus Turicum , located on both banks of the Limmat, and connected by a Roman bridge located near the present Rathausbrücke – Weinplatz . Turicum , Zurich's Roman and possibly Celtic name,

2162-613: The years 1989, 1997, 2004 and 2007 on Lindenhof and Rennweg , and also in the 1900s but mistakenly identified as Roman objects. Not yet archaeologically proven but suggested by historians, as well for the first construction of the today's Münsterbrücke Limmat crossing, the present Weinplatz square was the former civilian harbour of the Celtic-Roman Turicum , and so the term Weinplatz may have kept its ancient meaning wine square . In 15 BC, Augustus' stepsons Drusus and later Emperor Tiberius Claudius Nero integrated

2209-518: Was supported by the House of Rapperswil , namely by Elisabeth von Rapperswil , who like her mother and father before, was an ally of the city of Zürich and had the citizenship ( Burgrecht ) of the municipality at the northwesterly end of Zürichsee . Thus, her daughter Cecilia von Homberg (* probably before 1300; † after 1320) became the prioress of the Dominican nunnery, which promoted its further development, and her brother Wernher von Homberg donated

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