The Thomas J. Moyer Ohio Judicial Center is a state courthouse, office building, and library in Columbus, Ohio , in the city's downtown Civic Center . The building is the headquarters of the Supreme Court of Ohio , the state's highest court, as well as the Ohio Court of Claims and Ohio Judicial Conference. The judicial center is named after the court's former chief justice Thomas J. Moyer .
55-684: The building was designed by Harry Hake in the Art Deco style. It was built from 1930 to 1933, known as the Ohio Departments Building, as it first housed Ohio state departments. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990. Beginning in 2001, an extensive renovation restored the building, and set it up to be used for the Supreme Court of Ohio. The building reopened in 2004, marking
110-413: A Bachelor of Laws . Rehnquist was in the same class at Stanford Law as Sandra Day O'Connor , with whom he would later serve on the Supreme Court. They briefly dated during law school, and Rehnquist proposed marriage to her. O'Connor declined as she was by then dating her future husband (this was not publicly known until 2018). Rehnquist married Nan Cornell in 1953. After law school, Rehnquist served as
165-540: A law clerk for U.S. Supreme Court justice Robert H. Jackson from 1952 to 1953. While clerking for Jackson, he wrote a memorandum arguing against federal court-ordered school desegregation while the Court was considering the landmark case Brown v. Board of Education , which was decided in 1954. Rehnquist's 1952 memo, "A Random Thought on the Segregation Cases", defended the separate-but-equal doctrine. In
220-715: A Republican Party voter suppression operation in the early 1960s in Arizona to challenge minority voters. Rehnquist denied the charges, and Vincent Maggiore, then chairman of the Phoenix-area Democratic Party, said he had never heard any negative reports about Rehnquist's Election Day activities. "All of these things", Maggiore said, "would have come through me." When Richard Nixon was elected president in 1968 , Rehnquist returned to work in Washington. He served as Assistant Attorney General of
275-555: A federal law extending minimum wage and maximum hours provisions to state and local government employees. Rehnquist wrote, "this exercise of congressional authority does not comport with the federal system of government embodied in the Constitution." Rehnquist rejected a broad view of the Fourteenth Amendment. In 1952, while clerking for Jackson, Rehnquist wrote a memorandum concluding that " Plessy v. Ferguson
330-543: A few months. He was then chosen for another training program, which began at Chanute Field , Illinois , and ended at Fort Monmouth, New Jersey . The program was designed to teach maintenance and repair of weather instruments. In the summer of 1945, Rehnquist went overseas as a weather observer in North Africa. He was honorably discharged with the rank of sergeant. After leaving the military in 1946, Rehnquist attended Stanford University with financial assistance from
385-591: A lawyer in the early 1960s. Historians debate whether he committed perjury during the hearings by denying his suppression efforts despite at least ten witnesses to the acts, but it is known that at the very least he had defended segregation by private businesses in the early 1960s on the grounds of freedom of association . Rehnquist quickly established himself as the Burger Court 's most conservative member. In 1986, President Ronald Reagan nominated Rehnquist to succeed retiring Chief Justice Warren Burger , and
440-462: A local hardware store owner who also served as an officer and director of a small insurance company—was a local civic activist, as well as a translator and homemaker. His paternal grandparents immigrated from Sweden . Rehnquist graduated from Shorewood High School in 1942, during which time he changed his middle name to Hubbs. He attended Kenyon College , in Gambier, Ohio , for one quarter in
495-535: A massive gavel sculpture created in 2008 and installed in the south reflecting pool on the building's grounds. The sculpture is the largest and most expensive at the judicial center. The judicial center's first floor holds the Grand Concourse, its courtroom, hearing room, and a meeting room. Its ground floor includes the Civic Center Lobby and Visitor Education Center. The eleventh floor holds
550-537: A memo arguing that an investigation would not violate the separation of powers . Rehnquist did not handle the direct investigation, but was told by Mitchell to "assume the most damaging set of inferences about the case were true" and "determine what action the Justice Department could take." The worst inference Rehnquist could draw was that Fortas had somehow intervened in the prosecution of Wolfson, which, according to former White House Counsel John W. Dean,
605-452: A memorandum to Jackson about Terry v. Adams , which involved the right of blacks to vote in Texas primaries where a non-binding white-only pre-election was being used to preselect the winner before the actual primary, Rehnquist wrote: The Constitution does not prevent the majority from banding together, nor does it attain success in the effort. It is about time the Court faced the fact that
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#1732787356698660-578: A restrictive view of criminals' and prisoners' rights and believed capital punishment to be constitutional. He supported the view that the Fourth Amendment permitted a warrantless search incident to a valid arrest. In Nixon v. Administrator of General Services (1977), Rehnquist dissented from a decision upholding the constitutionality of an act that gave a federal agency administrator certain authority over former President Nixon's presidential papers and tape recordings. He dissented solely on
715-474: A statewide property tax. Construction was tumultuous, with Hake having been hired just three months before the start of the Great Depression . The building's construction began in 1930, often delayed by labor disputes. During construction, on April 14, 1932, a gas explosion significantly damaged the building, killing 11 people and injuring 50. Multiple windows were destroyed, along with staircases up to
770-423: Is found in a 2012 Boston College Law Review article that analyzes a 1955 letter to Frankfurter that criticized Jackson. In any event, while serving on the Supreme Court, Rehnquist made no effort to reverse or undermine Brown and often relied on it as precedent. In 1985, he said there was a "perfectly reasonable" argument against Brown and in favor of Plessy , even though he now saw Brown as correct. In
825-586: Is located on South Front St., on the east bank of the Scioto River . The building was carefully planned on the center of the riverfront, with reflecting pools, lawns terraces, trees, and shrubs situated around it. The Scioto Mile Promenade , completed in 2015, lies directly across from it. The building was designed by Cincinnati-based architect Harry Hake . It has 14 stories, white marble exterior facades, and Art Deco designs detailed with metals, tiles, colored marble, mosaics, and murals. The streamline shape of
880-544: The 2000 U.S. presidential election . Rehnquist was born William Donald Rehnquist on October 1, 1924, and grew up in the Milwaukee suburb of Shorewood . He was coincidentally born on the same day as the 39th president, Jimmy Carter . His father, William Benjamin Rehnquist, was a sales manager at various times for printing equipment, paper, and medical supplies and devices; his mother, Margery ( née Peck)—the daughter of
935-615: The Equal Protection Clause in cases like Trimble v. Gordon : Unfortunately, more than a century of decisions under this Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment have produced ... a syndrome wherein this Court seems to regard the Equal Protection Clause as a cat-o'-nine-tails to be kept in the judicial closet as a threat to legislatures which may, in the view of the judiciary, get out of hand and pass "arbitrary", "illogical", or "unreasonable" laws. Except in
990-711: The G.I. Bill . He graduated in 1948 with Bachelor of Arts and Master of Arts degrees in political science and was elected to Phi Beta Kappa . He did graduate study in government at Harvard University , where he received another Master of Arts in 1950. He then returned to Stanford to attend the Stanford Law School , where he was an editor on the Stanford Law Review . Rehnquist was strongly conservative from an early age and wrote that he "hated" liberal Justice Hugo Black in his diary at Stanford. He graduated in 1952 ranked first in his class with
1045-534: The Office of Legal Counsel from 1969 to 1971. In this role, he served as the chief lawyer to Attorney General John Mitchell . Nixon mistakenly called him "Renchburg" in several of the tapes of Oval Office conversations revealed during the Watergate investigations. Rehnquist played a role in the investigation of Justice Abe Fortas for accepting $ 20,000 from Louis Wolfson , a financier under investigation by
1100-515: The Securities and Exchange Commission . Although other justices had made similar arrangements, Nixon saw the Wolfson payment as a political opportunity to cement a conservative majority on the Supreme Court. Nixon wanted the Justice Department to investigate Fortas but was unsure if this was legal, as there was no precedent for such an activity. Rehnquist sent Attorney General John N. Mitchell
1155-540: The Senate Judiciary Committee took place in early November 1971. In addition to answering questions about school desegregation and racial discrimination in voting, Rehnquist was asked about his views on the extent of presidential power, the Vietnam War , the anti-war movement and law enforcement surveillance methods . On November 23, 1971, the committee voted 12–4 to send the nomination to
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#17327873566981210-529: The judicial oath of office on January 7, 1972. There were two Supreme Court vacancies in the fall of 1971. The other was filled by Lewis F. Powell Jr. , who took office on the same day as Rehnquist to replace Hugo Black . On the Court, Rehnquist promptly established himself as Nixon's most conservative appointee, taking a narrow view of the Fourteenth Amendment and a broad view of state power in domestic policy. He almost always voted "with
1265-471: The 1952 memo, saying, "The bald statement that Plessy was right and should be reaffirmed was not an accurate reflection of my own views at the time." But he acknowledged defending Plessy in arguments with fellow law clerks. Several commentators have concluded that the memo reflected Rehnquist's own views, not Jackson's. A biography of Jackson corroborates this, stating that Jackson instructed his clerks to express their views, not his. Further corroboration
1320-647: The Law Library, including a reading room and art galleries. The courtroom was formerly the building's largest hearing room, while the Law Library was converted from its former use as the State Library of Ohio. The building's Visitor Education Center includes exhibits about the history, role and responsibility of the Ohio court system. Free tours are available to the public on weekdays between 9:00 am and 4:00 pm. Harry Hake Harry Hake Sr. (1871 – 1955)
1375-557: The Senate confirmed him. Rehnquist served as Chief Justice for nearly 19 years, making him the fifth-longest-serving chief justice and the eighth-longest-serving justice overall. He became an intellectual and social leader of the Rehnquist Court , earning respect even from the justices who frequently opposed his opinions. As Chief Justice, Rehnquist presided over the impeachment trial of President Bill Clinton . Rehnquist wrote
1430-541: The Supreme Court's 1952–1953 term, then entered private practice in Phoenix, Arizona . Rehnquist served as a legal adviser for Republican presidential nominee Barry Goldwater in the 1964 U.S. presidential election , and President Richard Nixon appointed him U.S. Assistant Attorney General of the Office of Legal Counsel in 1969. In that capacity, he played a role in forcing Justice Abe Fortas to resign for accepting $ 20,000 from financier Louis Wolfson before Wolfson
1485-610: The area of the law in which the Framers obviously meant it to apply—classifications based on race or on national origin". During the Burger Court's deliberations over Roe v. Wade , Rehnquist promoted his view that courts' jurisdiction does not apply to abortion . Rehnquist voted against the expansion of school desegregation plans and the establishment of legalized abortions, dissenting in Roe v. Wade . He expressed his views about
1540-401: The area of the law in which the Framers obviously meant it to apply—classifications based on race or on national origin, the first cousin of race—the Court's decisions can fairly be described as an endless tinkering with legislative judgments, a series of conclusions unsupported by any central guiding principle. Rehnquist consistently defended state-sanctioned prayer in public schools . He held
1595-1072: The building depicts its function through its large exterior mass. Its office space is expressed by its large, unadorned middle shaft, while its public lobbies and hearing rooms are expressed through the projecting stories on its west side. The State Library of Ohio was represented through the large windows at the top of the building, with its stack area in the stepped-back building crown. The building's Civic Center Drive entrance has three sets of heavy bronze doors, sculpted by Alvin Meyer. The doors have bronze cast panels depicting elements of early American history, including Ohio's mounds. The doors are overlaid with large bronze grills silhouetting Native American tribal symbols. The state and federal seals are carved between each door, with their respective flag flying above each. The judicial center features about 170 works of art between its interior, exterior, and grounds. The works, primarily by Ohio artists, were together valued at $ 935,000 around 2008. The collection includes Gavel ,
1650-514: The clerks began screaming as soon as they saw this that 'Now we can show those damn southerners, etc.' [...] I take a dim view of this pathological search for discrimination [...] and as a result I now have something of a mental block against the case. Nevertheless, Rehnquist recommended to Jackson that the Supreme Court should agree to hear Terry . After his Supreme Court clerkship, Rehnquist entered private practice in Phoenix , Arizona , where he worked from 1953 to 1969. He began his legal work in
1705-525: The court was established in a building solely for the judiciary, and the first time the building was open to the public. Its reopening ceremony was attended by then-U.S. Chief Justice William Rehnquist , Thomas J. Moyer, and about 170 other judges. The building is home to the Supreme Court of Ohio , the state's highest court, as well as the Ohio Court of Claims and Ohio Judicial Conference. It
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1760-654: The early 1990s, the building was also home to the Ohio House of Representatives . In 1997, the Ohio government set aside funds to move the Supreme Court of Ohio to the Ohio Departments Building; the court had been located in the Rhodes State Office Tower since 1974. In 1998, the Ohio General Assembly approved renovations to the building which would convert it into the judicial center. Columbus-based architecture firm Schooley Caldwell
1815-635: The fall of 1942 before enlisting in the U.S. Army Air Forces , the predecessor of the U.S. Air Force . He served from 1943 to 1946, mostly in assignments in the United States. He was put into a pre- meteorology program and assigned to Denison University until February 1944, when the program was shut down. He served three months at Will Rogers Field in Oklahoma City , three months in Carlsbad, New Mexico , and then went to Hondo, Texas , for
1870-671: The fifth floor, and the bronze doors on the building's west side were blown off their hinges. Repairs were made promptly, adding a cost of $ 750,000, bringing the cost to over $ 6.5 million. The building was completed in 1933. The building was named the Ohio Departments Building, as it housed the Industrial Commission of Ohio, State Library of Ohio , Ohioana Library Association , and the departments of Aeronautics , Agriculture , Commerce , Education , Health , Highways , Public Welfare , Public Works , Industrial Relations and Taxation . During Ohio Statehouse renovations in
1925-735: The firm of Denison Kitchel , subsequently serving as the national manager of Barry M. Goldwater 's 1964 presidential campaign. Prominent clients included Jim Hensley , John McCain 's future father-in-law. During these years, Rehnquist was active in the Republican Party and served as a legal advisor under Kitchel to Goldwater's campaign. He collaborated with Harry Jaffa on Goldwater's speeches. During both his 1971 hearing for associate justice and his 1986 hearing for chief justice, several people came forward to allege that Rehnquist had participated in Operation Eagle Eye ,
1980-618: The first time since the 1930s, struck down an act of Congress as exceeding its power under the Commerce Clause . Rehnquist grew up in Milwaukee , Wisconsin, and served in the U.S. Army Air Forces from 1943 to 1946. Afterward, he studied political science at Stanford University and Harvard University , then attended Stanford Law School , where he was an editor of the Stanford Law Review and graduated first in his class. Rehnquist clerked for Justice Robert H. Jackson during
2035-646: The first time the court was established in a building solely for the judiciary, and the first time the building was open to the public. The Supreme Court of Ohio was founded in the state constitution, approved in 1802. It was located in the Ohio Statehouse beginning in 1857 and moved into the Statehouse Annex in 1901. In the next few decades, Ohio's government added more employees within the statehouse buildings, with multiple departments outgrowing their spaces there. The idea to house these departments
2090-433: The full Senate with a favorable recommendation. On December 10, 1971, the Senate first voted 52–42 against a cloture motion that would have allowed the Senate to end debate on Rehnquist's nomination and vote on whether to confirm him. The Senate then voted 22–70 to reject a motion to postpone consideration of his confirmation until July 18, 1972. Later that day, the Senate voted 68–26 to confirm Rehnquist, and he took
2145-713: The majority opinions in United States v. Lopez (1995) and United States v. Morrison (2000), holding in both cases that Congress had exceeded its power under the Commerce Clause. He dissented in Roe v. Wade (1973) and continued to argue that Roe had been incorrectly decided in Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992). In Bush v. Gore , he voted with the court's majority to end the Florida recount in
2200-441: The memo, Rehnquist wrote: To the argument that a majority may not deprive a minority of its constitutional right, the answer must be made that while this is sound in theory, in the long run it is the majority who will determine what the constitutional rights of the minority are [...] I realize that it is an unpopular and unhumanitarian position, for which I have been excoriated by "liberal" colleagues, but I think Plessy v. Ferguson
2255-544: The project. Land was cleared at the site in 1930. One of the buildings razed for the new office building was a White Castle restaurant, the first of this chain opened in Columbus. The building, at 49 S. Front Street, opened five months prior, on June 3, 1929. Cincinnati-based architect Harry Hake was hired to design the building. He wrote 292 pages of specifications, a design estimated at $ 5 million, with $ 1.5 million of that used to purchase additional property, financed by
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2310-462: The prosecution in criminal cases, with business in antitrust cases, with employers in labor cases, and with the government in speech cases." Rehnquist was often a lone dissenter in cases early on, but his views later often became the Court's majority view. For years, Rehnquist was determined to keep cases involving individual rights in state courts out of federal reach. In National League of Cities v. Usery (1977), his majority opinion invalidated
2365-443: The white people of the south do not like the colored people. The Constitution restrains them from effecting this dislike through state action, but it most assuredly did not appoint the Court as a sociological watchdog to rear up every time private discrimination raises its admittedly ugly head. In another memorandum to Jackson about the same case, Rehnquist wrote: several of the [Yale law professor Fred] Rodell school of thought among
2420-516: Was Deep Throat , this speculation ended. On October 21, 1971, President Nixon nominated Rehnquist as an associate justice of the Supreme Court, to succeed John Marshall Harlan II . Henry Kissinger initially proposed Rehnquist for the position to presidential advisor H.R. Haldeman and asked, "Rehnquist is pretty far right, isn't he?" Haldeman responded, "Oh, Christ! He's way to the right of Buchanan", referring to then-presidential advisor Patrick Buchanan . Rehnquist's confirmation hearings before
2475-447: Was "a smear of a great man, for whom I served as secretary for many years. Justice Jackson did not ask law clerks to express his views. He expressed his own and they expressed theirs. That is what happened in this instance." But Justices Douglas 's and Frankfurter 's papers indicate that Jackson voted for Brown in 1954 only after changing his mind. At his 1986 hearing for chief justice, Rehnquist tried to further distance himself from
2530-774: Was a prominent American architect in Cincinnati, Ohio at the turn of the 20th century. His son Harry Hake Jr. and grandson Harry Hake III were also prominent architects and partners in his firm, which at various times was named Hake & Son, Hake & Hake, Jr., and Hake & Partners. Harry Hake followed a training at the Ohio Mechanics Institute and the Art Academy of Cincinnati . He extended his chief draftsman training by working with William Martin Aiken , Lucien F. Plympton , and George L. Rapp . He
2585-466: Was an American attorney and jurist who served as the 16th chief justice of the United States from 1986 until his death in 2005, having previously been an associate justice from 1972 to 1986. Considered a staunch conservative, Rehnquist favored a conception of federalism that emphasized the Tenth Amendment 's reservation of powers to the states. Under this view of federalism, the Court , for
2640-470: Was convicted of selling unregistered shares. In 1971, Nixon nominated Rehnquist to succeed Associate Justice John Marshall Harlan II , and the U.S. Senate confirmed him that year. During his confirmation hearings, Rehnquist was criticized for allegedly opposing the Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education (1954) and allegedly taking part in voter suppression efforts targeting minorities as
2695-477: Was first proposed in 1913. The first consolidation took place in 1921 with multiple departments moving into the Hartman Hotel , with no renovation since its operation as a hotel. Discussion of whether to build a new structure shifted to where to build and how to finance the construction. In 1929, the city of Columbus donated 2.1 acres (0.85 ha) to the state for the offices, spurring further development of
2750-480: Was hired to make the renovations. Beginning in 2001, the building's detailwork was restored, while its utilities were modernized. The Grand Concourse and original hearing rooms were restored, and the State Library was converted to the Supreme Court Law Library. Completed in 2004, the building reopened on February 17, and the Supreme Court of Ohio became its largest tenant. It marked the first time
2805-832: Was listed as an architect since 1897. His firm became Hake & Son in 1945, Hake & Hake, Jr. in 1948, Hake & Partners in 1971. Harry Hake is also listed as the architect on the tomb of former U.S.president William Henry Harrison. The tomb is located in North Bend, Ohio west of Cincinnati on Hwy US 50. This article about a United States architect or architectural firm is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . William Rehnquist Defunct Newspapers Journals TV channels Websites Other Economics Gun rights Identity politics Nativist Religion Watchdog groups Youth/student groups Miscellaneous Other William Hubbs Rehnquist (October 1, 1924 – September 3, 2005)
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#17327873566982860-545: Was not to be applied to abortion rights or prisoner's rights. He believed the Court "had no business reflecting society's changing and expanding values" and that this was Congress's domain. Rehnquist tried to weave his view of the Amendment into his opinion for Fitzpatrick v. Bitzer , but the other justices rejected it. He later extended what he said he saw as the Amendment's scope, writing in Trimble v. Gordon , "except in
2915-401: Was right and should be re-affirmed. If the Fourteenth Amendment did not enact Spencer's Social Statics , it just as surely did not enact Myrddahl's American Dilemma" ( An American Dilemma ), by which he meant that the Court should not "read its own sociological views into the Constitution." Rehnquist believed the Fourteenth Amendment was meant only as a solution to the problems of slavery, and
2970-506: Was right and should be reaffirmed. In both his 1971 United States Senate confirmation hearing for Associate Justice and his 1986 hearing for Chief Justice , Rehnquist testified that the memorandum reflected Jackson's views rather than his own. Rehnquist said, "I believe that the memorandum was prepared by me as a statement of Justice Jackson's tentative views for his own use." Jackson's longtime secretary and confidante Elsie Douglas said during Rehnquist's 1986 hearings that his allegation
3025-516: Was untrue. Based on this false accusation, Rehnquist argued that the Justice Department could investigate Fortas. After being investigated by Mitchell, who threatened to also investigate his wife, Fortas resigned. Because he was well-placed in the Justice Department , many suspected Rehnquist could have been the source known as Deep Throat during the Watergate scandal . Once Bob Woodward revealed on May 31, 2005, that W. Mark Felt
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