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Old Sydney Burial Ground

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116-693: The Old Sydney Burial Ground is the site of Sydney 's inaugural permanent cemetery , located near the current corner of George Street and Druitt Street . Established in September 1792, the cemetery was closed in 1820, when the Devonshire Street Cemetery (also known as the Brickfield Cemetery or Sandhills Cemetery; now Central railway station ) was opened; the cemetery was deemed a threat to public health by Governor Lachlan Macquarie . Covering about 8000 square metres,

232-718: A southerly buster , a powerful southerly that brings gale winds and a rapid fall in temperature. Since Sydney is downwind of the Great Dividing Range , it occasionally experiences dry, westerly foehn winds typically in winter and early spring (which are the reason for its warm maximum temperatures). Westerly winds are intense when the Roaring Forties (or the Southern Annular Mode ) shift towards southeastern Australia, where they may damage homes and affect flights , in addition to making

348-401: A 4–0 win and placing Spain in second place for the group. In the round of 16, Spain took on Group A winners Switzerland . Bonmatí scored the opening goal in the 7th minute before an own goal from Laia Codina who back-passed to Cata Coll which gave the equaliser for Switzerland. The following 30 minutes saw Spain score three goals with Redondo, Bonmati and Codina all scoring to give Spain

464-592: A 4–1 lead at half-time. After Switzerland almost a second goal from Meriame Terchoun , Spain sealed up the match with a fifth coming from Hermoso and securing a spot into the quarter-finals for the first time. Spain's quarter-final opponent was against the Netherlands who finished runner-up at the 2019 World Cup. The opening half saw the Spanish have a goal disallowed while the Dutch had a penalty being waved away. In

580-519: A feature of Sydney's topography. After Phillip's departure in December 1792, the colony's military officers began acquiring land and importing consumer goods from visiting ships. Former convicts engaged in trade and opened small businesses. Soldiers and former convicts built houses on Crown land, with or without official permission, in what was now commonly called Sydney town. Governor William Bligh (1806–08) imposed restrictions on commerce and ordered

696-696: A few areas of wet sclerophyll forests in the wetter, elevated areas in the north and northeast . These forests are defined by straight, tall tree canopies with a moist understory of soft-leaved shrubs, tree ferns and herbs. The predominant vegetation community in Sydney is the Cumberland Plain Woodland in Western Sydney ( Cumberland Plain ), followed by the Sydney Turpentine-Ironbark Forest in

812-568: A first Women's World Cup final and only its second senior World Cup final ever, the first since the men's 1966 triumph over West Germany in London. On 18 August 2023, FIFA named American official Tori Penso as the referee for the final. She became the first American referee to officiate a World Cup final after previously being the head referee for four matches of the World Cup including the semi-final between Australia and England, thus becoming

928-410: A free kick in the 37th minute, which Earps kept out. England recovered close to the end of the first half, and a long ball to Hemp was crossed in for Ella Toone with an empty goal in the 42nd minute, though Toone failed to connect and the ball was recovered by Spain; the same sequence was used minutes later, with Spain sending players into the box to clear Hemp's cross. In the one minute of added time at

1044-511: A fresh water supply and a safe harbour, which Philip described as "the finest Harbour in the World ... Here a Thousand Sail of the Line may ride in the most perfect Security". The settlement was planned to be a self-sufficient penal colony based on subsistence agriculture. Trade and shipbuilding were banned in order to keep the convicts isolated. However, the soil around the settlement proved poor and

1160-403: A head injury from Paralluelo's high knee in the 78th minute. Greenwood managed to continue, with play resuming in the 82nd minute and England playing desperately. Spain had the better of the game for the rest of the 90, and when Hermoso required treatment, England replaced Toone with striker Bethany England in the 87th minute. An attempt from Hermoso was impressively blocked by Jess Carter in

1276-513: A lengthy VAR review, Spain forward Jennifer Hermoso took the penalty in the 70th minute, with the shot saved by Earps. Spain defender Laia Codina was treated and eventually substituted with an injury in the 73rd minute, being replaced by captain Ivana Andrés . England briefly found form again after the substitution, with James able to send in a tight-angled shot narrowly saved by Coll, but were hampered by defender Alex Greenwood receiving

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1392-539: A major tournament, all at the UEFA Women's Championship . Spain won their first Euros encounter, with England winning the last two matches at the 2017 and the 2022 tournaments respectively. Spain's Jorge Vilda managed in his fourth consecutive major championship and the second in the Women's World Cup. He became the first man to manage a Women's World Cup-winning side since Norio Sasaki with Japan in 2011 and

1508-484: A minute later to launch a counterattack that saw centre forward Alba Redondo send in a loose cross. England then created chances with balls played through the lines to centre forward Alessia Russo ; when Spain got the ball they held possession without taking advantage. After England holding midfielder Keira Walsh was fouled by Salma Paralluelo attempting to dispossess her, the England team created their best chance of

1624-548: A minute later, Olga Carmona scored a wonderful goal to send Spain to only its second senior World Cup final ever and the first since the men's 2010 triumph over the Netherlands in Johannesburg. England first qualified to a major women's tournament in 1984, finishing as runners-up in the European Championship . They first qualified for the Women's World Cup in 1995 . Their previous best performance in

1740-607: A pattern of resistance that was to be repeated as the colonial frontier expanded . A military garrison was established on the Hawkesbury in 1795. The death toll from 1794 to 1800 was 26 settlers and up to 200 Darug. Conflict again erupted from 1814 to 1816 with the expansion of the colony into Dharawal country in the Nepean region south-west of Sydney. Following the deaths of several settlers, Governor Macquarie dispatched three military detachments into Dharawal lands, culminating in

1856-583: A peak of 8.9 million. In addition, public streaming service RTVE Play gathered almost one million viewers, with a total of 2.1 million views. Post-match celebrations were followed by 6.2 million people, with a peak of 8.7 million. In the United Kingdom, the final was watched by a peak audience of 14.8 million and average of 13.3 million on BBC One and ITV1 . The BBC reported 12 million peak viewers on BBC One, with an additional 3.9 million views on BBC iPlayer and BBC Sport . The match

1972-402: A performance from Australian singer Tones and I . The match was described as a "pulsating game", difficult but with Spain creating more clear chances by the end. England started the match intensely, with Spain patient; the first shot of the game came in the 5th minute from England forward Lauren Hemp shooting straight at Spain goalkeeper Cata Coll . Spain took advantage of the transition

2088-486: A planner to design the street layout of Sydney and commissioned the construction of roads, wharves, churches, and public buildings. Parramatta Road , linking Sydney and Parramatta, was opened in 1811, and a road across the Blue Mountains was completed in 1815, opening the way for large-scale farming and grazing west of the Great Dividing Range . Following the departure of Macquarie, official policy encouraged

2204-954: A player without consent. Near the end of the match, England player Bronze approached Vilda at the side of the pitch and remonstrated him. Coming after several fouls on England, and when Vilda and his staff were crowding the touchline, Bronze told Australian media that she "just told them to sit down". Player of the Match: Olga Carmona (Spain) Assistant referees : Brooke Mayo ( United States ) Kathryn Nesbitt ( United States ) Fourth official : Yoshimi Yamashita ( Japan ) Reserve assistant referee : Mijensa Rensch ( Suriname ) Video assistant referee : Tatiana Guzmán ( Nicaragua ) Assistant video assistant referee: Pol van Boekel ( Netherlands ) Offside video assistant referee: Ella De Vries ( Belgium ) Support video assistant referee: Armando Villarreal ( United States ) Match rules Spain became

2320-423: A rich ceremonial life, part of a belief system centring on ancestral, totemic and supernatural beings. People from different clans and language groups came together to participate in initiation and other ceremonies. These occasions fostered trade, marriages and clan alliances. The earliest British settlers recorded the word ' Eora ' as an Aboriginal term meaning either 'people' or 'from this place'. The clans of

2436-561: A severe dust storm towards the city . The Greater Sydney Commission divides Sydney into three "cities" and five "districts" based on the 33 LGAs in the metropolitan area. The "metropolis of three cities" comprises Eastern Harbour City , Central River City and Western Parkland City . The Australian Bureau of Statistics also includes City of Central Coast (the former Gosford City and Wyong Shire) as part of Greater Sydney for population counts, adding 330,000 people. The CBD extends about 3 km (1.9 mi) south from Sydney Cove . It

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2552-682: A year have temperatures at or above 30 °C (86 °F) in the central business district (CBD). In contrast, the metropolitan area averages between 35 and 65 days, depending on the suburb. The hottest day in the metropolitan area occurred in Penrith on 4 January 2020, where a high of 48.9 °C (120.0 °F) was recorded. The average annual temperature of the sea ranges from 18.5 °C (65.3 °F) in September to 23.7 °C (74.7 °F) in February. Sydney has an average of 7.2 hours of sunshine per day and 109.5 clear days annually. Due to

2668-466: Is a historical Victorian-style shopping arcade . Opened on 1 April 1892, its shop fronts are an exact replica of the original internal shopping facades. Westfield Sydney , located beneath the Sydney Tower , is the largest shopping centre by area in Sydney. 2023 FIFA Women%27s World Cup final The 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup final was an association football match that determined

2784-540: Is bordered by Farm Cove within the Royal Botanic Garden to the east and Darling Harbour to the west. Suburbs surrounding the CBD include Woolloomooloo and Potts Point to the east, Surry Hills and Darlinghurst to the south, Pyrmont and Ultimo to the west, and Millers Point and The Rocks to the north. Most of these suburbs measure less than 1 km (0.4 sq mi) in area. The Sydney CBD

2900-451: Is characterised by narrow streets and thoroughfares, created in its convict beginnings. Several localities, distinct from suburbs, exist throughout Sydney's inner reaches. Central and Circular Quay are transport hubs with ferry, rail, and bus interchanges. Chinatown , Darling Harbour, and Kings Cross are important locations for culture, tourism, and recreation. The Strand Arcade , located between Pitt Street Mall and George Street ,

3016-406: The 2003 Rugby World Cup Final , and the 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup Final . The city is among the top fifteen most-visited, with millions of tourists coming each year to see the city's landmarks. The city has over 1,000,000 ha (2,500,000 acres) of nature reserves and parks , and its notable natural features include Sydney Harbour and Royal National Park . The Sydney Harbour Bridge and

3132-523: The Appin massacre (April 1816) in which at least 14 Aboriginal people were killed. The New South Wales Legislative Council became a semi-elected body in 1842. Sydney was declared a city the same year, and a governing council established, elected on a restrictive property franchise. The discovery of gold in New South Wales and Victoria in 1851 initially caused economic disruption as men moved to

3248-461: The Australian raven , Australian magpie , crested pigeon , noisy miner and the pied currawong . Introduced bird species ubiquitously found in Sydney are the common myna , common starling , house sparrow and the spotted dove . Reptile species are also numerous and predominantly include skinks . Sydney has a few mammal and spider species, such as the grey-headed flying fox and

3364-465: The Cooks River into Botany Bay. There is no single definition of the boundaries of Sydney. The Australian Statistical Geography Standard definition of Greater Sydney covers 12,369 km (4,776 sq mi) and includes the local government areas of Central Coast in the north, Hawkesbury in the north-west, Blue Mountains in the west, Sutherland Shire in the south, and Wollondilly in

3480-496: The Garden Island Tunnel System , the only tunnel warfare complex in Sydney, and the heritage-listed military fortification systems Bradleys Head Fortification Complex and Middle Head Fortifications , which were part of a total defence system for Sydney Harbour . A post-war immigration and baby boom saw a rapid increase in Sydney's population and the spread of low-density housing in suburbs throughout

3596-659: The Middle East and Africa becoming major sources. By 2021, the population of Sydney was over 5.2 million, with 40% of the population born overseas. China and India overtook England as the largest source countries for overseas-born residents. Sydney is a coastal basin with the Tasman Sea to the east, the Blue Mountains to the west, the Hawkesbury River to the north, and the Woronora Plateau to

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3712-662: The Sydney funnel-web , respectively, and has a huge diversity of marine species inhabiting its harbour and beaches. Under the Köppen–Geiger classification , Sydney has a humid subtropical climate ( Cfa ) with "warm, sometimes hot" summers and "generally mild", to "cool" winters. The El Niño–Southern Oscillation , the Indian Ocean Dipole and the Southern Annular Mode play an important role in determining Sydney's weather patterns: drought and bushfire on

3828-682: The University of Sydney (1854–61), the Australian Museum (1858–66), the Town Hall (1868–88), and the General Post Office (1866–92). Elaborate coffee palaces and hotels were erected. Daylight bathing at Sydney's beaches was banned, but segregated bathing at designated ocean baths was popular. Drought, the winding down of public works and a financial crisis led to economic depression in Sydney throughout most of

3944-613: The final , which Australia won against South Korea to win the tournament for the first time. It was also the host of the 2005 shootout victory over Uruguay in the OFC–CONMEBOL playoff , which qualified the Socceroos for the 2006 World Cup , their first appearance since 1974. Spain first qualified to a major women's tournament in 1997, reaching the semi-finals of their first European Championship , and qualified for their first Women's World Cup in 2015. Their previous best performance in

4060-650: The "Aborigines of Australia" declared 26 January "A Day of Mourning " for "the whiteman's seizure of our country." With the outbreak of Second World War in 1939, Sydney experienced a surge in industrial development. Unemployment virtually disappeared and women moved into jobs previously typically reserved for males. Sydney was attacked by Japanese submarines in May and June 1942 with 21 killed. Households built air raid shelters and performed drills. Military establishments in response to World War II in Australia included

4176-627: The 1890s. Meanwhile, the Sydney-based premier of New South Wales, George Reid , became a key figure in the process of federation. When the six colonies federated on 1 January 1901, Sydney became the capital of the State of New South Wales. The spread of bubonic plague in 1900 prompted the state government to modernise the wharves and demolish inner-city slums. The outbreak of the First World War in 1914 saw more Sydney males volunteer for

4292-510: The 2022 Euro, a group of 15 Spain players boycotted matches due to a dispute with the Royal Spanish Football Federation (RFEF) and manager Jorge Vilda . Several continued to boycott, with others excluded, and only 3 of the 15 were included in the World Cup squad. Two-time reigning Ballon d'Or Féminin winner Alexia Putellas was available for the tournament after recovering from an ACL injury. Oihane Hernández

4408-536: The 81st minute, Mariona Caldentey scored from the penalty spot to give Spain the early lead after Stefanie van der Gragt had a hand touch the ball. Van der Gragt, who moved forward, got the equaliser nine minutes later with an assist from Victoria Pelova , putting the game into extra time. On the 111th minute, Salma Paralluelo scored the match winner and booked a semi-final spot. In the semis at Eden Park, Spain faced Sweden. They scored first through Paralluelo, before conceding an equaliser by Rebecka Blomqvist . Just

4524-486: The 89th minute, before Alexia Putellas was brought on for Mariona Caldentey in the 90th. Accounting for the VAR and treatment time, there were 13 minutes of added time at the end of the match. England continued to play desperately, leaving defensive gaps, with Earps saving a low shot from Spain fullback Ona Batlle in the 92nd minute. Spain used their control to slow the game and frustrate England, with England's only chance in

4640-569: The CBD. In the warm season black nor'easters are usually the cause of heavy rain events, though other forms of low-pressure areas , including remnants of ex-cyclones , may also bring heavy deluge and afternoon thunderstorms. 'Snow' was last alleged in 1836, more than likely a fall of graupel , or soft hail; and in July 2008 the Upper North Shore saw a fall of graupel that was mistaken by many for 'snow'. In 2009, dry conditions brought

4756-481: The Cumberland Plain. Immigrants—mostly from Britain and continental Europe—and their children accounted for over three-quarters of Sydney's population growth between 1947 and 1971. The newly created Cumberland County Council oversaw low-density residential developments, the largest at Green Valley and Mount Druitt . Older residential centres such as Parramatta, Bankstown and Liverpool became suburbs of

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4872-932: The Inner West and Northern Sydney , the Eastern Suburbs Banksia Scrub in the coastline and the Blue Gum High Forest scantily present in the North Shore – all of which are critically endangered. The city also includes the Sydney Sandstone Ridgetop Woodland found in Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park on the Hornsby Plateau to the north. Sydney is home to dozens of bird species, which commonly include

4988-631: The Spain team throughout much of their time in New Zealand and Australia, with a report in Relevo suggesting he had imposed his presence around the players too closely, behaving more like a teammate than the president, and had normalised a level of paternalism and condescension. Spain's Queen Letizia travelled to Australia for the final with her younger daughter, the Infanta Sofía . Included in

5104-593: The Sydney area occupied land with traditional boundaries. There is debate, however, about which group or nation these clans belonged to, and the extent of differences in language and rites. The major groups were the coastal Eora people, the Dharug (Darug) occupying the inland area from Parramatta to the Blue Mountains, and the Dharawal people south of Botany Bay. Darginung and Gundungurra languages were spoken on

5220-442: The Sydney region are grassy woodlands (i.e. savannas ) and some pockets of dry sclerophyll forests, which consist of eucalyptus trees, casuarinas , melaleucas , corymbias and angophoras , with shrubs (typically wattles , callistemons , grevilleas and banksias ), and a semi-continuous grass in the understory . The plants in this community tend to have rough, spiky leaves due to low soil fertility . Sydney also features

5336-627: The Union Jack 165 years earlier, commencing her Australian Royal Tour . It was the first time a reigning monarch stepped onto Australian soil. Increasing high-rise development in Sydney and the expansion of suburbs beyond the "green belt" envisaged by the planners of the 1950s resulted in community protests. In the early 1970s, trade unions and resident action groups imposed green bans on development projects in historic areas such as The Rocks. Federal, State and local governments introduced heritage and environmental legislation. The Sydney Opera House

5452-593: The United States to become the first country to have won both senior World Cups; at the time, their men's team had won three world titles. The winner of the 2023 final would become the first European team to win the tournament since Germany in 2007 . The winners would also be the first new Women's World Cup champions since Japan in 2011 . This was the seventeenth meeting between the two teams: England had been more successful, with seven victories to Spain's three, and six draws. Three of those matches had been in

5568-524: The Women's World Cup ranked fourth in the FIFA Women's World Ranking. They were drawn in Group D with Haiti , Denmark , and 1999 runners-up China . In the first two games, England won 1–0 against both Haiti and Denmark; the winning goals were a penalty from Georgia Stanway and a goal from Lauren James . Needing a point to win the group, England defeated China 6–1 with James scoring two goals. In

5684-482: The Women's World Cup was elimination in the round of 16 in 2019. Heading into the tournament, Spain was ranked sixth in the FIFA Women's World Ranking . They were drawn in group C with Costa Rica , Zambia and 2011 champions Japan. Their opening match of the World Cup was against Costa Rica saw an own goal from Costa Rican player Valeria del Campo before goals from Aitana Bonmatí and Esther González in

5800-571: The World Heritage-listed Sydney Opera House are major tourist attractions. Central Station is the hub of Sydney's suburban train, metro and light rail networks and longer-distance services. The main passenger airport serving the city is Kingsford Smith Airport , one of the world's oldest continually operating airports. In 1788, Captain Arthur Phillip , the first governor of New South Wales, named

5916-435: The added time being a weak Kelly cross cleared by Spain's ample defense; Spain had their own chances in added time, with a sliding block from Bronze preventing Paralluelo's shot in the 98th minute. England's attacks led to a corner taken in the 104th minute, which was held by Coll and the match ended. In the 23rd minute of the match, a man ran onto the field wearing an anti- Putin t-shirt, halting play briefly while England

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6032-481: The armed forces than the Commonwealth authorities could process, and helped reduce unemployment. Those returning from the war in 1918 were promised "homes fit for heroes" in new suburbs such as Daceyville and Matraville. "Garden suburbs" and mixed industrial and residential developments also grew along the rail and tram corridors. The population reached one million in 1926, after Sydney had regained its position as

6148-568: The arrival of the British, there were 4,000 to 8,000 Aboriginal people in the greater Sydney region. The inhabitants subsisted on fishing, hunting, and gathering plants and shellfish. The diet of the coastal clans was more reliant on seafood whereas hinterland clans ate more forest animals and plants. The clans had distinctive equipment and weapons mostly made of stone, wood, plant materials, bone and shell. They also differed in their body decorations, hairstyles, songs and dances. Aboriginal clans had

6264-424: The cemetery was for the entire population, convicts and free citizens alike. There were about 2,000 people buried here, however no register was kept. Sydney Town Hall and parts of Town Hall railway station are located on the grounds of the cemetery. Sydney Sydney is the capital city of the state of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia . Located on Australia's east coast,

6380-641: The city are colloquially known as "Sydneysiders". The estimated population in June 2023 was 5,450,496, which is about 66% of the state's population. The city's nicknames include the Emerald City and the Harbour City . Aboriginal Australians have inhabited the Greater Sydney region for at least 30,000 years, and their engravings and cultural sites are common. The traditional custodians of

6496-422: The coastal region. The rising sea level between 18,000 and 6,000 years ago flooded the rias to form estuaries and deep harbours. Port Jackson, better known as Sydney Harbour, is one such ria . Sydney features two major soil types: sandy soils (which originate from the Hawkesbury sandstone) and clay (which are from shales and volcanic rocks ), though some soils may be a mixture of the two. Directly overlying

6612-532: The cove where the first British settlement was established Sydney Cove after Home Secretary Thomas Townshend, 1st Viscount Sydney . The cove was called Warrane by the Aboriginal inhabitants. Phillip considered naming the settlement Albion , but this name was never officially used. By 1790 Phillip and other officials were regularly calling the township Sydney. Sydney was declared a city in 1842. The Gadigal (Cadigal) clan, whose territory stretches along

6728-546: The demolition of buildings erected on Crown land, including some owned by past and serving military officers. The resulting conflict culminated in the Rum Rebellion of 1808, in which Bligh was deposed by the New South Wales Corps . Governor Lachlan Macquarie (1810–1821) played a leading role in the development of Sydney and New South Wales, establishing a bank, a currency and a hospital. He employed

6844-522: The emigration of free British settlers to New South Wales. Immigration to the colony increased from 900 free settlers in 1826–30 to 29,000 in 1836–40, many of whom settled in Sydney. By the 1840s Sydney exhibited a geographic divide between poor and working-class residents living west of the Tank Stream in areas such as The Rocks , and the more affluent residents living to its east. Free settlers, free-born residents and former convicts now represented

6960-448: The end of the first half, Paralluelo also hit the crossbar. Returning from half time, England changed formation from the 3–5–2 that they had adopted in the group stage, returning to the 4–3–3 they had consistently used under Wiegman throughout her tenure. Wingers Lauren James and Chloe Kelly came on for left wing-back Rachel Daly and Russo. The change initially saw England improve defensively and create better opportunities, including

7076-589: The evening of 21 August, held at Madrid Río park with several thousand in attendance. The team's victory dominated the front pages of newspapers on 21 August, with emphatic headlines. The England team stayed overnight in Sydney before returning to London, set to arrive on 22 August; the Women's Super League would not begin its season until October. Keir Starmer , the UK Leader of the Opposition , called for

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7192-522: The final. The teammates had joked about meeting each other in the final, without truly expecting it. Ahead of the match, the awareness of each others' strengths and weaknesses was a point of discussion, as were the Barcelona players who had refused to play for Spain. Both England (as part of the United Kingdom and Commonwealth ) and Spain are constitutional monarchies and are often represented at sporting events by members of their royal families. At

7308-479: The first European man since Even Pellerud in 1995 to win it. England manager Sarina Wiegman was also at her fourth consecutive major championship, and fourth consecutive final after winning the 2017 Euros and finishing as runners-up in the 2019 Women's World Cup with her native Netherlands in addition to winning the Women's Euro 2022 with England. She was the first person to lead different nations in multiple men's or women's World Cup finals and seeking to become

7424-717: The first crops failed, leading to several years of hunger and strict rationing. The food crisis was relieved with the arrival of the Second Fleet in mid-1790 and the Third Fleet in 1791. Former convicts received small grants of land, and government and private farms spread to the more fertile lands around Parramatta , Windsor and Camden on the Cumberland Plain . By 1804, the colony was self-sufficient in food. A smallpox epidemic in April 1789 killed about half

7540-406: The first manager to win either tournament with a foreign national team. As she lost, she became the first manager to lose two successive World Cup finals. The final was held at Stadium Australia (also known as Accor Stadium) in Sydney , New South Wales . The venue has a capacity of 75,784, and hosted four matches during the World Cup which included a semi-final. The stadium was confirmed to be

7656-412: The fringes of the Sydney area. The first meeting between Aboriginals and British explorers occurred on 29 April 1770 when Lieutenant James Cook landed at Botany Bay (Kamay ) and encountered the Gweagal clan. Two Gweagal men opposed the landing party and one was shot and wounded. Cook and his crew stayed at Botany Bay for a week, collecting water, timber, fodder and botanical specimens and exploring

7772-409: The fullbacks continuing to play forward; Spain substituted centre forward Redondo for defensive player Oihane Hernández in the 60th minute, with Spain attacking midfielder Aitana Bonmatí trying to score from range in the 62nd minute. England's confidence waned and Spain's was bolstered when Walsh conceded a penalty for accidental handball in the box while defending a corner in the 65th minute. After

7888-401: The goal did not come from possession play but from a quick counterattack, more like the play of Real Madrid , which the Spain women's team had increasingly played like. England struggled after conceding the goal, allowing a confident Spain more chances, though Spain's only shot on target in the rest of the half came when defender Irene Paredes was given space in the box to head the ball from

8004-700: The goldfields. Melbourne soon overtook Sydney as Australia's largest city, leading to an enduring rivalry between the two. However, increased immigration from overseas and wealth from gold exports increased demand for housing, consumer goods, services and urban amenities. The New South Wales government also stimulated growth by investing heavily in railways, trams, roads, ports, telegraph, schools and urban services. The population of Sydney and its suburbs grew from 95,600 in 1861 to 386,900 in 1891. The city developed many of its characteristic features. The growing population packed into rows of terrace houses in narrow streets. New public buildings of sandstone abounded, including at

8120-455: The government. He and Vilda tried to make Hermoso support Rubiales, issuing a fake statement when she would not. Hermoso issued a statement through her union, Futpro, with the union saying the kiss was unacceptable and that they were working on seeing it punished. The RFEF called an extraordinary general meeting for 25 August. In Spain, the World Cup was broadcast by Televisión Española (TVE), with an average of 5.6 million viewers and

8236-420: The host of the final when the final stadiums for the World Cup was confirmed on the 31 March 2021. Built for the 2000 Summer Olympics , it opened in March 1999. In addition to the opening and closing ceremonies and the track and field events, the stadium hosted the men's football gold medal match . The venue was also chosen as a venue for the men's 2015 AFC Asian Cup , where it hosted seven matches including

8352-505: The inland location, frost is recorded early in the morning in Western Sydney a few times in winter. Autumn and spring are the transitional seasons, with spring showing a larger temperature variation than autumn. Sydney experiences an urban heat island effect. This makes certain parts of the city more vulnerable to extreme heat, including coastal suburbs. In late spring and summer, temperatures over 35 °C (95 °F) are not uncommon, though hot, dry conditions are usually ended by

8468-626: The kiss, Rubiales entered the players' dressing room, reportedly throwing his arm around Hermoso and joking about marrying her in Ibiza. While on a layover returning from Australia, Rubiales published an apology video in which he said that he had no bad intentions and was sorry for distracting from the celebration, saying: "I have to apologise, learn from this, and understand that when you are president you have to be more careful." Rubiales faced heavy criticism for his actions, and calls for him to resign came from various Spanish footballing bodies as well as

8584-581: The land on which modern Sydney stands are the clans of the Darug , Dharawal and Eora peoples. During his first Pacific voyage in 1770, James Cook charted the eastern coast of Australia, making landfall at Botany Bay . In 1788, the First Fleet of convicts , led by Arthur Phillip , founded Sydney as a British penal colony , the first European settlement in Australia. After World War II, Sydney experienced mass migration and by 2021 over 40 per cent of

8700-410: The lips. The action drew criticism, particularly towards the continued sexism in the sport, and calls for Rubiales's resignation. In a separate incident at the end of the match, Rubiales was filmed pointing to the Spain players before grabbing his crotch, with the obscene gesture further criticised as he was standing next to the teenage Infanta Sofía . After Hermoso had said she did not expect or like

8816-571: The main body of insurgents were routed by about 100 troops and volunteers at Rouse Hill . At least 39 convicts were killed in the uprising and subsequent executions. As the colony spread to the more fertile lands around the Hawkesbury River , north-west of Sydney, conflict between the settlers and the Darug people intensified, reaching a peak from 1794 to 1810. Bands of Darug people, led by Pemulwuy and later by his son Tedbury , burned crops, killed livestock and raided settler stores in

8932-477: The match, with Hemp having a clear shot on goal in the 16th minute but striking the crossbar. The match "sprung into life" when Spain made their first substantial attack a minute later, with vice-captain Olga Carmona crossing a ball to Paralluelo, who could not connect fully but sent the ball into the path of Redondo: England goalkeeper Mary Earps made a quick-moving save to catch the shot from Redondo. Over

9048-591: The metropolis surrounds Sydney Harbour and extends about 80 km (50 mi) from the Pacific Ocean in the east to the Blue Mountains in the west, and about 80 km (50 mi) from the Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park and the Hawkesbury River in the north and north-west, to the Royal National Park and Macarthur in the south and south-west. Greater Sydney consists of 658 suburbs, spread across 33 local government areas. Residents of

9164-462: The metropolis. Manufacturing, protected by high tariffs, employed over a third of the workforce from 1945 to the 1960s. However, as the long post-war economic boom progressed, retail and other service industries became the main source of new jobs. An estimated one million onlookers, most of the city's population, watched Queen Elizabeth II land in 1954 at Farm Cove where Captain Phillip had raised

9280-531: The most famous. The Nepean River wraps around the western edge of the city and becomes the Hawkesbury River before reaching Broken Bay . Most of Sydney's water storages can be found on tributaries of the Nepean River. The Parramatta River is mostly industrial and drains a large area of Sydney's western suburbs into Port Jackson. The southern parts of the city are drained by the Georges River and

9396-544: The most populous city in Australia. The government created jobs with massive public projects such as the electrification of the Sydney rail network and building the Sydney Harbour Bridge. Sydney was more severely affected by the Great Depression of the 1930s than regional New South Wales or Melbourne. New building almost came to a standstill, and by 1933 the unemployment rate for male workers

9512-554: The navy. The First Fleet of 11 ships under the command of Captain Arthur Phillip arrived in Botany Bay in January 1788. It comprised more than a thousand settlers, including 736 convicts. The fleet soon moved to the more suitable Port Jackson where a settlement was established at Sydney Cove on 26 January 1788. The colony of New South Wales was formally proclaimed by Governor Phillip on 7 February 1788. Sydney Cove offered

9628-489: The next few minutes, the match was played from end to end, with chances in for both teams. When England right wing-back Lucy Bronze attempted a dribble through the midfield, Spanish players dispossessed her and the ball was sent to Carmona, who took a tight-angled low shot past Earps and into the right corner of the net, scoring the only goal of the match in the 29th minute. Spanish media noted that although Spain's team featured more players from Barcelona than any other club,

9744-641: The older Hawkesbury sandstone is the Wianamatta shale , a geological feature found in western Sydney that was deposited in connection with a large river delta during the Middle Triassic . The Wianamatta shale generally comprises fine grained sedimentary rocks such as shales, mudstones , ironstones , siltstones and laminites , with less common sandstone units. The Wianamatta Group is made up of Bringelly Shale , Minchinbury Sandstone and Ashfield Shale . The most prevalent plant communities in

9860-569: The one hand, and storms and flooding on the other, associated with the opposite phases of the oscillation in Australia . The weather is moderated by proximity to the ocean, and more extreme temperatures are recorded in the inland western suburbs because Sydney CBD is more affected by the oceanic climate drivers than the western suburbs. At Sydney's primary weather station at Observatory Hill , extreme temperatures have ranged from 45.8 °C (114.4 °F) on 18 January 2013 to 2.1 °C (35.8 °F) on 22 June 1932. An average of 14.9 days

9976-546: The population was born overseas. Foreign countries of birth with the greatest representation are mainland China, India, the United Kingdom, Vietnam and the Philippines. Despite being one of the most expensive cities in the world, Sydney frequently ranks in the top ten most liveable cities . It is classified as an Alpha+ city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network , indicating its influence in

10092-413: The region and throughout the world. Ranked eleventh in the world for economic opportunity, Sydney has an advanced market economy with strengths in education, finance, manufacturing and tourism . The University of Sydney and the University of New South Wales are ranked 18th and 19th in the world respectively. Sydney has hosted major international sporting events such as the 2000 Summer Olympics ,

10208-604: The region's Indigenous population. In November 1790 Bennelong led a group of survivors of the Sydney clans into the settlement, establishing a continuous presence of Aboriginal Australians in settled Sydney. Phillip had been given no instructions for urban development, but in July 1788 submitted a plan for the new town at Sydney Cove . It included a wide central avenue, a permanent Government House, law courts, hospital and other public buildings, but no provision for warehouses, shops, or other commercial buildings. Phillip promptly ignored his own plan, and unplanned development became

10324-469: The round of 16 in 2019 . England had played in five previous Women's World Cups and achieved their best prior performance in 2015 , when they finished third. This final was the third all-European final in Women's World Cup history after 1995 — when Norway won their first title by beating Germany in Stockholm — and 2003 — when Germany won their first title via a golden goal against Sweden in

10440-555: The round of 16, England faced group B runners-up Nigeria . During the match, the English were outplayed against the Nigerians. After initially getting a yellow card, James was then sent off after a VAR check for stepping on Michelle Alozie 's back. After a goalless 120 minutes, the match went into penalties . After Stanway's shot went wide, the next four penalties were slotted in and with Nigeria missing two in return, England won

10556-408: The second country to have won both men's and women's World Cups and also the second country—after Brazil's male teams between 2002 and 2005—to simultaneously hold all three World Cups of the same gender (senior, under-20, and under-17). Salma Paralluelo became the first player of any gender to have won all three World Cups of the same gender. Spain's captain for the match and goalscorer Olga Carmona

10672-516: The second country to win both men's and women's World Cups – Germany accomplished the feat in 2003 – as well as becoming the first team representing UEFA to win the tournament since Germany in 2007 . This was the third all-European final in the Women's World Cup, after the 1995 and 2003 finals, both of which were also contested between potential new champions. Both teams were making their Women's World Cup final debut. Spain had appeared in two previous Women's World Cups and advanced as far as

10788-505: The shoot-out 4–2. England next match was against Colombia who were playing in their first quarter-final at the World Cup. After Leicy Santos scored, England quickly equalised through Hemp before the first half ended. A 63rd-minute goal from Alessia Russo won the Lionesses a spot in the semis to face co-hosts Australia . Ella Toone scored first, but Australia equalised through Sam Kerr . Hemp and Russo then scored to secure England

10904-519: The south-west. The local government area of the City of Sydney covers about 26 square kilometres from Garden island in the east to Bicentennial Park in the west, and south to the suburbs of Alexandria and Rosebery . Sydney is made up of mostly Triassic rock with some recent igneous dykes and volcanic necks (typically found in the Prospect dolerite intrusion , west of Sydney). The Sydney Basin

11020-534: The south. Sydney spans two geographic regions. The Cumberland Plain lies to the south and west of the Harbour and is relatively flat. The Hornsby Plateau is located to the north and is dissected by steep valleys. The flat areas of the south were the first to be developed; it was not until the construction of the Sydney Harbour Bridge that the northern reaches became more heavily populated. Seventy surf beaches can be found along its coastline, with Bondi Beach being

11136-442: The southern shore of Port Jackson from South Head to Darling Harbour , are the traditional owners of the land on which the British settlement was initially established, and call their territory Gadi ( Cadi ). Aboriginal clan names within the Sydney region were often formed by adding the suffix "-gal" to a word denoting the name for their territory, a specific place in their territory, a food source, or totem. Greater Sydney covers

11252-468: The space of four minutes secured a 3–0 victory. In the following match day, Spain booked a spot in the knockout stage with a 5–0 over Zambia with the opening goal being scored in the ninth minute by Teresa Abelleira before two goals from Alba Redondo and Jennifer Hermoso who was playing her 100th match got the victory. The final match day against Japan saw their Spanish be counterattacked with two goals from Japanese striker Hinata Miyazawa giving Japan

11368-533: The surrounding area. Cook sought to establish relations with the Aboriginal population without success. Britain had been sending convicts to its American colonies for most of the eighteenth century, and the loss of these colonies in 1783 was the impetus to establish a penal colony at Botany Bay. Proponents of colonisation also pointed to the strategic importance of a new base in the Asia-Pacific region and its potential to provide much-needed timber and flax for

11484-418: The team to be recognised with Honours for reaching a World Cup final, something which has precedent in men's sport. The match was also featured on the front pages of all British newspapers on 21 August, mostly using images of the team looking disappointed and headlines expressing pride at the achievement of reaching a final. During the medal ceremony, RFEF president Luis Rubiales kissed Jennifer Hermoso on

11600-439: The temperature seem colder than it actually is . Rainfall has a moderate to low variability and has historically been fairly uniform throughout the year, although in recent years it has been more summer-dominant and erratic. Precipitation is usually higher in summer through to autumn, and lower in late winter to early spring. In late autumn and winter, east coast lows may bring large amounts of rainfall, especially in

11716-836: The third referee ever and the first since Ivan Eklind in the 1934 men's World Cup to officiate a single World Cup semi-final and the final. Penso had been a FIFA international referee since 2021, refereed the 2021 NWSL Championship Game and had also become the first female referee in Major League Soccer history. Her assistants, Brooke Mayo and Kathryn Nesbitt, were also from the United States. They were joined by fourth official Yoshimi Yamashita of Japan. From their 2022 Women's Euro team that beat Spain in Brighton and Hove before winning that tournament, England could not call up captain Leah Williamson , player of

11832-420: The time, the president of the Royal Spanish Football Federation (RFEF) was Luis Rubiales , while William, Prince of Wales was president of The Football Association (The FA). Despite his position in football and as royalty, William said he would not travel to Australia (of which he is also royalty) to watch England in the final, citing the carbon footprint that would be generated. Rubiales had accompanied

11948-421: The tournament and top scorer Beth Mead , or Fran Kirby due to knee injuries. The World Cup squad included some returning senior players and new young players instead. One of the young players called up after the 2022 Euro, Lauren James , was available to play in the final after a straight red card against Nigeria in the round of 16 resulted in her being suspended for the quarter-final and semi-final. Following

12064-466: The tournament was finishing third in 2015. Heading into the tournament, the Lionesses had not only won their first major trophy at Women's Euro 2022 as hosts but also had gone on to defeat Copa América Femenina winners Brazil on penalties at Wembley in the first Women's Finalissima . They had lost once with Sarina Wiegman as manager – a 2–0 friendly defeat to Australia in Brentford – and entered

12180-509: The traditional lands of 28 known Aboriginal clans. The first people to inhabit the area now known as Sydney were Aboriginal Australians who had migrated from southeast Asia via northern Australia. Flaked pebbles found in Western Sydney's gravel sediments might indicate human occupation from 45,000 to 50,000 years ago, while radiocarbon dating has shown evidence of human activity in the region from around 30,000 years ago. Prior to

12296-416: The trip over her sister, Sofía is known to be a big fan of football as well as reportedly an aspiring defensive midfielder . The director of women's football for Barcelona, Xavi Puig , was also in attendance and allowed to accompany the Spain team, though stated to be supporting all the club's players. The tournament's closing ceremony took place ahead of the final, featuring a Welcome to Country , and

12412-480: The vast majority of the population of Sydney, leading to increasing public agitation for responsible government and an end to transportation. Transportation to New South Wales ceased in 1840. In 1804, Irish convicts led around 300 rebels in the Castle Hill Rebellion , an attempt to march on Sydney, commandeer a ship, and sail to freedom. Poorly armed, and with their leader Philip Cunningham captured,

12528-513: The winner of the 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup . The match was played at the Stadium Australia in Sydney , Australia, on 20 August 2023, and was contested by Spain and England . It took place in front of 75,784 supporters, and Spain won the final 1–0 through a goal from Olga Carmona , assisted by Mariona Caldentey . For both finalists, this was the first appearance in a Women's World Cup final. Both teams were looking to become only

12644-401: Was 28 per cent, but over 40 per cent in working class areas such as Alexandria and Redfern. Many families were evicted from their homes and shanty towns grew along coastal Sydney and Botany Bay, the largest being "Happy Valley" at La Perouse . The Depression also exacerbated political divisions. In March 1932, when populist Labor premier Jack Lang attempted to open the Sydney Harbour Bridge he

12760-411: Was also controversial for its cost and disputes between architect Jørn Utzon and government officials. However, soon after it opened in 1973 it became a major tourist attraction and symbol of the city. The progressive reduction in tariff protection from 1974 began the transformation of Sydney from a manufacturing centre to a "world city". From the 1980s, overseas immigration grew rapidly, with Asia ,

12876-455: Was available for the final after having accumulated two yellow cards and missing the semi-final. Both of the teams were considered golden generations of the women's game in their countries, though each missing key players through the injuries and boycott. The combined tournament squads of England and Spain featured eleven players who, at the time the match was played, were signed to Barcelona ; ten (eight for Spain, two for England) played in

12992-514: Was formed in the early Triassic period. The sand that was to become the sandstone of today was laid down between 360 and 200 million years ago. The sandstone has shale lenses and fossil riverbeds. The Sydney Basin bioregion includes coastal features of cliffs, beaches, and estuaries. Deep river valleys known as rias were carved during the Triassic period in the Hawkesbury sandstone of

13108-422: Was named player of the match. After she scored, she lifted her shirt to reveal an undershirt with "Merchi" written on it, the name of her friend's mother who had recently died. In the press room after the match, she dedicated the victory to her. She was told shortly afterward that her own father had died before the match. The Spain team boarded an overnight flight and returned to Madrid for a public celebration on

13224-550: Was upstaged by Francis de Groot of the far-right New Guard , who slashed the ribbon with a sabre. In January 1938, Sydney celebrated the Empire Games and the sesquicentenary of European settlement in Australia. One journalist wrote, "Golden beaches. Sun tanned men and maidens...Red-roofed villas terraced above the blue waters of the harbour...Even Melbourne seems like some grey and stately city of Northern Europe compared with Sydney's sub-tropical splendours." A congress of

13340-426: Was waiting to take a free kick. The free kick was gathered by Spain, who counterattacked unsuccessfully. During a celebration when Spain scored, manager Vilda hugged a female assistant; initially having his hand on her shoulder, he appeared to move it down to her breast and hold this a moment before removing his hand. The moment was captured on camera and re-examined after the match and an incident of Rubiales kissing

13456-511: Was watched by a peak audience of 5.54 million viewers in Australia. It also set a record for the most viewers in the U.S. for a Women's World Cup final not involving the United States national team , with a peak audience of 2.45 million on Fox and a combined average of 2.1 million on Fox and Telemundo . The figures were a 88 percent decline from the 2019 final due to the early morning start time and early elimination of

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