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74-604: Rølvåg was born in the family's cottage in a small fishing village on the island of Dønna , in Nordland county, Norway. Dønna, one of the largest islands on the northern coast of Norway, is situated about five miles from the Arctic Circle . He was born with the name Ole Edvart Pedersen, one of seven children of Peder Benjamin Jakobsen and Ellerine Pedersdatter Vaag. The settlement where he was born had no official name, but

148-516: A Norse iron -based culture along the coast from approximately 200 AD. Nordland is regarded as part of Sápmi . The Sami (or Sámi), which are not of Norse origins, have lived in Nordland for at least 2,000 years. Not just inland, but also along the fjords and, in the northern part of Nordland, even on the coast and larger islands, such as Hinnøya . There is a story in Heimskringla about

222-605: A Norwegian pioneer family's struggles with the land of the Dakota Territory as they try to make a new life in America. It was based partly upon Rolvaag's experiences as a settler and as well of the experiences of his wife's family who had been immigrant homesteaders. The novel realistically treats the lives and trials of Norwegian pioneers in the Midwest , emphasizing their battles with the elements. The book also portrays

296-538: A United States citizen and married Jennie Marie Berdahl, the daughter of Andrew James Berdahl and Karen Oline Otterness. They had four children: Olaf, Ella, Karl and Paul. Their son, Karl Fritjof Rolvaag , served as the 31st Governor of Minnesota . Ole Rolvaag died November 5, 1931, in Northfield, Minnesota. Ole Rølvaag wrote in the Norwegian language , but his novels have a distinct American flavor and themes. He

370-502: A Viking who became a contender for the throne, Sigurd Slembe . He was on the run from the king and was helped by Sami in what is probably Lødingen Municipality today. The Sami even built him a boat, which the saga mention was made from pine wood ( viking ships were typically made from oak wood, but the oak does not grow naturally this far north). Tysfjord today is a centre for the Lule Sami culture. The current county of Nordland

444-473: A four month long summer. This includes Brønnøysund , Sandnessjøen and some islands north to Skrova . Just inland of this is a narrow area with coldest winter month mean temperature just below 0 °C (32 °F) but still a four month long summer, this area has a humid continental climate (Dfb), and includes the county seat Bodø . On the outer islands from Myken in Rødøy Municipality in

518-716: A hub for many smaller airports in Nordland. Harstad/Narvik Airport, Evenes in the north also has non-stop flights to Oslo . The European route E6 runs along the entire length of Nordland. There are many tunnels and bridges; some of the largest are Helgeland Bridge , Gimsøystraumen Bridge , Raftsund Bridge , Skjomen Bridge , Rombak Bridge , Hadsel Bridge , Sortland Bridge , Andøy Bridge , Saltstraumen Bridge , Kjellingstraumen Bridge and Brønnøysund Bridge . Even with improved communications, population numbers in Nordland have actually decreased slightly since 1990, as many young people move to larger cities in Norway. Bodø Municipality

592-467: A literary award named for Rolvaag, the Ole E. Rolvaag Award for Fiction , the "award honors the memory of St. Olaf’s greatest writer, Ole Rolvaag". The following three books form a trilogy: Last release: Nordland Nordland ( Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈnûːrlɑn] ; Lule Sami : Nordlánnda , Southern Sami : Nordlaante , Northern Sami : Nordlánda , English: Northland )

666-764: A long history of mining. Sulitjelma has the largest copper deposits in the county, as well as pyrite , the latter is also found in several other locations, but the mining here has been discontinued for economic reasons. In earlier days, silver was mined in the Dunderland Valley in Rana, and until 2002 nickel and olivine was mined in Ballangen . There are several limestone, marble, and dolomite rock quarries, dolomite in Vefsn, Fauske, Sørfold, and Ballangen. As of 2008, mining of gold in [[Bindal Municipality[]]

740-504: A number of gifted young Norwegian-Americans to St. Olaf College , among them Einar Haugen . Written decades later, Vilhelm Moberg 's novels depicted the experience of Swedish-American immigrants. Rølvaag's authorship and scholarship focused on the pioneer experience on the Dakota plains in the 1870s. His most famous book was Giants in the Earth , part of a trilogy. It is the story of

814-515: A rugged coastline, with many fjords . From south to north, the main fjords are Bindalsfjord, Vefsnfjorden , Ranfjorden , Saltfjorden - Skjerstadfjorden , Folda , Tysfjorden , Ofotfjorden (the longest) and Andfjorden , which is shared with Troms county. The best-known is perhaps the Vestfjorden , which is not really a fjord, but an open stretch of sea between the Lofoten island group and

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888-653: A stick, is the oldest known reference of skis being used. The location is somewhat surprising, as this island has unreliable snow cover, and the Scandinavian climate was warmer in the Stone Age. This rock drawing was used as a pictogram in the Lillehammer Olympic Games in 1994. The first agricultural culture has been dated to the Bronze Age . This culture left large burial cairns close to

962-518: A story of tragedy and romance among Norwegian American settlers of Dakota Territory in 1873. Composed during 1949-1949, the work was premiered on March 28, 1951 at Columbia University 's Brander Matthews Theatre by the Columbia Opera Workshop. The Pulitzer jury concluded: "In no opera by an American is there music of such freshness, beauty, and distinctive character. The music has a life of its own apart from its appositeness to

1036-710: A stronghold along the Helgeland coast, whilst predatory birds like golden eagle , gyrfalcon , and peregrine falcon nest in some inaccessible areas. Orcas are common along the coast and in the Vestfjord area (even in the fjords) in winter, and the world's largest predator, the sperm whale , hunts for prey in the deep waters west of Andøya . Tysfjord and Folda fjord is home to the world's northernmost lobster population. Spruce forest expansion has been blocked by Saltfjell and Kjølen mountains, thus spruce forest naturally grows only in Helgeland, but are commonly planted in

1110-650: A ticket in the summer of 1896, and he traveled to Union County, South Dakota to work as a farmhand. He settled in Elk Point, South Dakota , working as a farmhand until 1898. With the help of his pastor, Rølvaag enrolled in Augustana Academy in Canton, South Dakota where he graduated in 1901. He earned a bachelor's degree from St. Olaf College in Northfield, Minnesota in 1905, and a master's degree from

1184-442: A well-known colony of puffins. Otters are very common along the coast and fjords, as are harbour porpoises , grey seals and harbour seals . The largest fish in the sea is the basking shark , which used to be hunted. The most frequent birds along the coast, common in all areas including the fjords, are gulls , Eurasian oystercatcher and Arctic terns , and the grey heron has also become common. The Eurasian eagle-owl has

1258-405: Is also popular along the coast and in the salmon and trout rivers; there is also Arctic char in some rivers. Saltstraumen has the world record for coalfish using a fishing rod , and Røst has the world record for halibut, 202 kilograms (445 lb) ( [1] ). Farming is another regional economy and consists mainly of dairy farming and livestock such as sheep , and domesticated reindeer graze

1332-466: Is head of the County Cabinet. Giants in the Earth (opera) Giants in the Earth is a 1951 Pulitzer Prize -winning opera in three acts and four scenes by composer Douglas Moore . The work uses an English libretto by Arnold Sundgaard (1909–2006) after Ole Edvart Rølvaag 's 1924-5 novel of the same name. The idea for the opera was originally conceived by Sundgaard, and depicts

1406-467: Is in Nordland, as is the third-largest island, Langøya . In the fjords, the coastal brim is much less developed: There might be a more gradual slope, with hills, towards the mountains, or no lowland at all. There are often valleys at the head of fjords (the fjord is an extension of the valley), usually with a river at the centre of the valley. Mo i Rana , Mosjøen , and Rognan are situated in such valleys. Norway's second-largest glacier , Svartisen ,

1480-591: Is in testing stages ( [2] ). The port of Narvik has a direct rail connection to the well-known and profitable Kiruna - Gällivare iron -ore fields in Sweden . There are many dams for hydroelectric power. Nordland has an increasingly diverse economy, with fledgling research and development in aerospace and space exploration at the Andøya Rocket Range , which primarily is known for its satellite launches. This vast province, Norway's second largest, almost

1554-701: Is on Andøya , also known for its fossils of dinosaurs and other life forms. As the land was depressed by the ice sheet in the ice age, substantial areas in the lowest altitudes was beneath the surface of the sea for thousands of years acquiring marine deposits. Due to post-glacial rebound , this is now dry land, reaching 120 metres (390 ft) above sea level today in Saltdal, 100 metres (330 ft) in Narvik and Brønnøysund , and 30 metres (98 ft) to 50 metres (160 ft) in Lofoten and Vesterålen. Limestone

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1628-662: Is one of the three northernmost counties in Norway in the Northern Norway region, bordering Troms in the north, Trøndelag in the south, Norrbotten County in Sweden to the east, Västerbotten County to the south-east, and the Atlantic Ocean ( Norwegian Sea ) to the west. The county was formerly known as Nordlandene amt . The county administration is in the town of Bodø . The remote Arctic island of Jan Mayen has been administered from Nordland since 1995. In

1702-473: Is one of very few endemic trees in Norway and only grows in Bindal Municipality in Nordland. In the mountain areas in the interior, reindeer can be seen (these have Sami owners), hunted by the indigenous wolverine. There are also a few brown bears in the interior. The Arctic fox is now in danger of extinction on the mainland, but a few are left in these mountain areas, particularly in

1776-654: Is seen in winter, as the interior inland away from the fjords, as well as mountains, have much colder winters than the coast. Large fjords bring with them significant oceanic moderation in winter temperatures to the surrounding land area, as seen in Fauske Municipality and Narvik Municipality . Temperatures will generally drop 0.7 °C (1.3 °F) as elevation increases by 100 metres (330 ft). Snow cover can persist all year at altitudes above 1,100 metres (3,600 ft) to 1,500 metres (4,900 ft). Annual snow accumulation can exceed 5 metres (16 ft) in

1850-443: Is situated in Saltdal. The key industries are fisheries and offshore petroleum exploration. Nordland is well known for the fishing of codfish and fish farming of salmon . Main export markets are Germany , Scandinavia , Britain , Netherlands , Italy , Spain , France , Russia and Japan . Tourism is important, mainly in the summer season, although there are some winter visitors looking for good skiing or wanting to see

1924-485: Is the only municipality in the county with significant growth in population. There are local hospitals in Mosjøen , Sandnessjøen , Mo i Rana , Bodø (the largest), Gravdal , Narvik and Stokmarknes . There is evidence of human settlement in Nordland as far back as 10,500 years ago, about as early as in southern Norway. These Stone Age people lived near the coast, often on islands and typically along straits near

1998-833: Is very common in Nordland, with many caves throughout the county, such as Grønligrotta in Rana. There are more caves in Rana Municipality than any other area in northern Europe. In August 2006 the Tjoarvekrajgge cave in Sørfold Municipality was explored and verified as the longest cave in Scandinavia 22 kilometres (14 mi) long); Raggejavreraige in Tysfjord is the deepest in Scandinavia and Svarthamarhola in Fauske Municipality has

2072-521: The cod fisheries in Lofoten have lasted for more than 1,000 years. In addition to cod, coalfish , haddock , herring , wolf fish and halibut are all common along the coast and in the fjords. Nordland also features many lakes. The largest deep water coral reef ( Lophelia pertusa ) in the world, the Røst Reef , 40 kilometres (25 mi) long, is located west of Røst Municipality , and protected from trawling since 2003. The coast of Nordland has

2146-553: The Italians were taken south to Bergen. The largest ship disaster ever in Norway took place in 1944 when Rigel transporting German prisoners was bombed by British Fleet Air Arm aircraft near Sandnessjøen ( Alstahaug Municipality ), with more than 2,500 casualties. The ship was grounded on Rosøya, where it remained, half sunk until it was demolished in 1970. Petter Dass lived in Alstahaug Municipality , and

2220-598: The Nobel laureate author Knut Hamsun grew up in Hamarøy Municipality after his family moved there when he was 3 years old. Nordland County is identical to the Diocese of Sør-Hålogaland . A county (fylke) is the chief local administrative area in Norway . The whole country is divided into 15 counties (from 2024). A county is also an election area, with popular votes taking place every 4 years. In Nordland,

2294-514: The Northern Lights, especially from February to April. Tourists are attracted by the scenic coast, especially Lofoten, which is also visited by many cruise ships in the summer, while the rest of the county often is ignored by tourists. Mountain hiking is popular among natives and some tourists. Whale watching attracts tourists to Andøy Municipality and the Hamarøy Municipality / Lødingen Municipality / Vågan Municipality area. Fishing

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2368-548: The coast of Nordland, while April–June on average is the driest. The strongest winds occur in late autumn and winter, as the Atlantic low-pressure systems are strongest then. High-pressure weather can occur in all seasons, and in summer this brings 24-hour sunshine north of the Arctic Circle. Lurøy Municipality 115 metres (377 ft), west of Saltfjell, averages 3,066 millimetres (120.7 in) precipitation annually;

2442-601: The government of the county is the Nordland County Municipality . It includes 45 members who are elected to form a county council (Fylkesting) . Heading the Fylkesting is the county mayor (fylkesordførar) . Since October 2023, the Nordland County Municipality has been led by Eivind Holst, the county mayor. The County Municipality elects a County Cabinet, which is the executive body of Nordland County Council. Since October 2023 Svein Øien Eggesvik

2516-589: The highest density of white-tailed eagles in Europe . Just off the coast, the islands of Røst Municipality have the largest colonies of seabirds in Norway. Røst offers a range of habitats and serves as a stop-over point for many birds that are migrating even further north. The municipality is home to one of the largest bird cliffs in the North Atlantic , where birdwatchers can find puffin , shag , kittiwake , and cormorant colonies. Lovund also has

2590-572: The highlands and mountains belong to the Scandinavian Montane Birch forest and grasslands ecoregion. Other common trees in Nordland are birch , rowan , willow , grey alder , bird cherry , aspen and Scots pine , more rarely seen is wych elm and common hazel (elm north to Beiarn Municipality , hazel north to Steigen Municipality , small-leaved lime north to Brønnøy Municipality, forest apple north to Moskenes Municipality ). The Nordland whitebeam ( Nordlandsasal )

2664-399: The inland highlands. There is also some forestry, particularly in the Helgeland district, but also further north. In earlier days, grain was grown in Nordland (mostly barley , some oats ). Nordlandshest is the smallest of the three Norwegian horse breeds. The Norwegian Lundehund was bred to hunt puffins and was only saved from extinction due to a few remaining dogs in Lofoten. There is

2738-469: The island Sanna in Træna Municipality ; the oldest house was oval, 6 metres (20 ft) by 4.5 metres (15 ft), and is dated to 4000 BC. A 65 metres (213 ft) long stone paved " trail " from the house down to a small harbour, today 23 metres (75 ft) above sea level, is still visible. The 4,600-year-old rock drawings at Rødøy Municipality , which depict a man on skis holding

2812-416: The islands off the coast and some of the easternmost areas along the border with Sweden are made up of hard bedrock (usually granite ). In some areas, as in Hamarøy Municipality and Sørfold Municipality , the bedrock is a mix of soft bedrock and hard granite. Much of the Lofoten mountains are of precambrian eruptive origin and 3.5 billion years old, among the oldest on earth. The youngest rock in Norway

2886-426: The large distance to the densely populated parts of Europe, this is one of the least polluted areas in Europe. Nordland extends about 500 kilometres (310 mi) from Trøndelag to Troms county. The distance by road from Bindal Municipality in the far south of the county to Andenes on the northern tip of Andøy Municipality in the northern edge of Nordland is roughly 800 kilometres (500 mi). Nordland has

2960-509: The largest cavity. There are more than 900 caves in Nordland, one of these have a 70 metres (230 ft) high waterfall. Marble is found in several locations. Fauske is sometimes referred to as the marble capital , and has exported marble worldwide (one customer being the UN building in New York City ). The largest area of Nordland, including fjord areas, inland areas and highlands below

3034-496: The length, and the premiere performance have all been criticized. Olin Downes of The New York Times wrote that the opera was mostly, "recitative of little inherent significance." The premiere cast included soprano Brenda Miller Cooper as the central figure Beret, along with Josh Wheeler, Roy Johnson, Vivian Bauer, Sam Bertsche, Helen Dautrich, James Cosenza, Frances Paige, Raymond Sharp, and Edward Black. In 1963 Moore improved

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3108-401: The mainland. The Raftsundet strait , with its famous branch Trollfjorden , is the shortest waterway connecting Lofoten and Vesterålen. The continental shelf is very narrow west of Andenes, nowhere else in Norway is the deep ocean only a few kilometres from shore. Saltstraumen whirlpool is just south-east of Bodø , and Moskenstraumen is located in southern Lofoten. Steep mountains near

3182-909: The men, Pietro Querini , gives one of the very few descriptions of life in Nordland in this time period ( Querini - Norw txt ). Querini sees the people of Røst (in all 120 people) as very trusting and good Catholics , the inner circle of paradise . He also mentions a German priest, which they could talk to in Latin . People lived from fishing cod and halibut, which they traded for other goods (like grain) in Bergen —the cod as stockfish . Each family also had about 5 cows and collected eggs from semi-domesticated ducks . The shipwrecked men did not lack food during their winter stay, usually fish, but Querini also mentions milk, meat, butter, and pancakes. The people of Røst lived in round, wooden houses, and mostly used clothes made of wool . By late May, sailing in 24-hour daylight,

3256-412: The mountains of Børgefjell National Park . Red foxes , moose , hares , red squirrels , small rodents , pine marten (inland valleys) and stoats are all common in the forests. As of 2008, there were a minimum of 50 European lynx in Nordland residing in the forests in all Nordland except Lofoten and Vesterålen. In lowland areas, roe deers now occur in most of Nordland, and red deers are seen in

3330-534: The mountains, this is the main reason for the many glaciers in Nordland. With mountains in almost all areas, alpine tundra is common in Nordland. Easterly winds give dry, sunny weather (the air must climb the Kjølen mountains), with warmth in summer and cold, clear air in winter. Southwesterly winds are common, bringing moist and mild air from the Atlantic Ocean. Autumn and winter is the wettest season along

3404-415: The national high for July. On the same day, Laksfors south of Mosjøen recorded 35.6 °C (96.1 °F) but this recording was not approved due to too much vegetation and gravel near the weather station. Also on the same day, Saltdal Municipality recorded 34.6 °C (94.3 °F), this is the warmest temperature ever recorded in Norway north of the Arctic Circle. The warmest month recorded in Nordland

3478-417: The north will have midnight sun from 22 May to 20 July, and the sun is below the horizon from 28 November to 16 January ( Narvik daylight ). In Bodø, the sun is above the horizon from 3 June to 8 July. Helgeland is situated south of the Arctic Circle; at the winter solstice the sun is above the horizon approximately 3 hours a day ( Mosjøen daylight ). There is not a true midnight sun in Helgeland, although

3552-520: The open sea, with a rich provision of marine resources. Such archeological evidence has been found on Vega , in the Leirfjorden , and along the Saltstraumen . There are at least 15 locations with prehistoric rock carvings in Nordland, from Helgeland in the south to Narvik in the north (see Fosna-Hensbacka culture ). Some of the oldest houses known in Norway were excavated on Langhågan on

3626-470: The orchestration and depiction of Beret at the request of Carl Fischer Music . The runners up for the Pulitzer that year were Quincy Porter 's String Quartet No. 8 , Peter Mennin 's Symphony No. 5 , and David Diamond 's Symphony No. 3 . Despite its acclaim, in the decades since first being written Giants in the Earth has scarcely been performed live and no recordings of the opera are accessible to

3700-473: The overnight low does not fall below 20 °C (68 °F). The warmest night ever recorded in Norway was July 29, 2019 at Sømna-Kvaløyfjellet 302 metres (991 ft) in Sømna Municipality near Brønnøysund with overnight low 26.1 °C (79.0 °F). The warmest temperature recorded in Nordland is 35 °C (95 °F) recorded July 27, 2019 at Mosjøen Airport , this is also a tie with

3774-566: The same institution in 1910. He also had studied for some time at the University of Oslo . In 1906, Rølvaag was recruited as a professor by St. Olaf College president John N. Kildahl . Rølvaag was made head of the Norwegian Department at St. Olaf in 1916. In 1925, he became the first secretary and archivist of Norwegian-American Historical Association and held both positions for the rest of his life. In 1908, Rølvaag became

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3848-458: The sea and an almost flat lowland area in between the mountains and the sea ( Strandflaten , coastal brim) is very typical for the long coastline in Nordland, and Strandflaten often continues out from the shore, the result is numerous islands (skerries), of which Helgeland have thousands; these islands are usually mountainous, but with smaller or larger strandflate areas. The southern part of Norway's largest island (apart from Svalbard ), Hinnøya

3922-496: The sea, for instance in Steigen Municipality and Vestvågøy Municipality , and the northernmost location is around Harstad Municipality in southern Troms. These locations have significant areas of lowland suited for agriculture, they are close to the sea and they have many natural harbours. The oldest remains of a boat ever found in Norway were discovered in a bog in Sømna Municipality . Known as Haugvikbåten ,

3996-579: The sea, while the eastern part of the mountains is more gentle and rounded, with some forested valleys, and is well suited for hiking. The interior of Nordland, towards the border with Sweden , is dominated by the Kjølen Mountains ( Scandinavian Mountains ). The highest mountain in Nordland is Oksskolten 1,915 metres (6,283 ft) in Okstindan range, the second-highest is Suliskongen 1,907 metres (6,257 ft) in Fauske Municipality , and

4070-468: The seabed on top of the existing bedrock, today forming the bedrock from Dovrefjell and Trollheimen south of Trondheim stretching north in Trøndelag and through Nordland to just north of Tromsø . This Cambrian — Silurian bedrock, much of it mica schist , is by far the largest area in Norway with soft bedrock rich in nutritions good for plant growth. It forms the bedrock in the fjord areas, while

4144-528: The second-largest lake, Røssvatnet , and the second-deepest fjord, Tysfjorden (897 m) are all located in Nordland. The largest river (waterflow) is Vefsna which forms the Laksforsen waterfall. The Saltfjellet mountain range forms a natural border between Helgeland and Salten, and is where the Arctic Circle cuts through the county. The western part of this mountain range is dominated by steep mountains and fjord inlets, with glaciers stretching towards

4218-491: The size of Denmark , traditionally was very important for NATO, and the Royal Norwegian Air Force has two squadrons of F-16 fighters stationed at Bodø Airport and all its P-3 Orion maritime surveillance aircraft stationed at Andøya Air Station . The decommissioning of closing military bases has led to a regional shift towards a new knowledge-based economy. Bodø Airport is the busiest airport and

4292-452: The south and north including most of Lofoten and Vesterålen , the summers become slightly shorter; winter months are still relatively mild (above −3 °C (27 °F); some areas above 0 °C (32 °F) like Værøy Municipality and Bø Municipality ), making this an area with subpolar oceanic climate (Cfc). Towns within this area includes Leknes , Stokmarknes , Sortland and Andenes . The strongest climate gradient in Nordland

4366-741: The southern part of Nordland. The badger and the common viper have their most northerly habitat in southerly coastal areas of Nordland. Grey wolves have been observed in inland areas of Helgeland . There are few species of amphibians , although the common frog is common in all Nordland except mountain areas and the smooth newt has its most northerly habitat in the world in the river Vefsna . There are seven national parks in, or partly in, Nordland. From south to north, these are Børgefjell National Park , Lomsdal–Visten National Park , Saltfjellet–Svartisen National Park , Junkerdal National Park, Rago National Park , Sjunkhatten National Park and Møysalen National Park . The national park centre for Nordland

4440-590: The southern part of the county is Vega , listed on the UNESCO World Heritage Site list. The county is divided into traditional districts. These are Helgeland in the south (south of the Arctic Circle ), Salten in the centre, and Ofoten in the north-east. In the north-west lie the archipelagoes of Lofoten and Vesterålen . Nordland is located along the northwestern coast of the Scandinavian peninsula in Northern Norway . Due to

4514-532: The summer climate in Nordland was up to 2.5 °C (4.5 °F) warmer 9,000 to 6,000 years ago, and then slowly cooled—it was 0.5 °C (0.90 °F) warmer 2,000 years before present (see Holocene climatic optimum ). This research also concluded that the eastern Okstind Glacier did not melt completely during this warm period, the first glacier in Norway known to have survived since the Ice age . The light conditions vary considerably from north to south; Andenes in

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4588-435: The text... Subject, text, and music avoid the cliché and commonplace and combine for an impression of strength and sincerity." Moore's compositional style is highly vocal and features a speech-like , through-composed , "lack of melodic repetition," with a, "fluidity and natural feel [to] the vocal lines." Contrastingly, the lack of character development and liveliness, the almost complete lack of attention grabbing motifs,

4662-624: The third is Storsteinfjellet 1,894 metres (6,214 ft) in Narvik Municipality . Stetinden in Narvik has been voted as Norway's national mountain. There are many glaciers in the mountains, like Blåmannsisen , Okstindbreen , the Sulitjelma Glacier , and Frostisen —7 of the 15 largest glaciers in continental Norway are located in Nordland. In the geological past, a collision with Greenland pushed long slices of

4736-484: The treeline, the area is dominated by the boreal climate (Dfc), but an atypical oceanic variant with relatively mild winters, lack of permafrost, and often with autumn as wettest season. Towns with this climate include Mosjøen , Mo i Rana , Rognan , Fauske and Narvik . Along the coast and on islands (including Vega) along the southern and middle part of Nordland is a warmer, temperate oceanic climate ( Cfb ) with winter mean temperature above 0 °C (32 °F) and

4810-456: The trials of loneliness, separation from family, longing for the old country, and the difficulty of fitting into a new culture. The book was written in Norwegian and then translated into English. It reads as an American novel but stems from an Old World literary tradition. It provides dramatic contrast between Per Hansa and his wife, Beret. Per is a natural pioneer who sees promise flooding

4884-526: The upper part of the sun disc will be above the horizon all night in June as far south as Mosjøen. With the transitional period with a short dusk included, there are three full months (from early May to early August) without darkness in Nordland. In Laukvik is the polarlightcenter , with lots of information about the Aurora Borealis ( polarlight ). The sea along the coast has a rich marine life, and

4958-699: The well-preserved piece, kept in the Museum of Science ( Vitenskapsmuseet ) in Trondheim, has been dated to 800–400 BC—the Nordic Bronze Age ( [3] ). For many generations, Hålogaland had been the northernmost area of Norse settlement. The remnants of large longhouses near Borg (Vestvågøy) and in Steigen are dated to the Merovinger period (ca 600 AD). There is substantial archeological evidence of

5032-496: The wettest location in North Norway and in the world at such high latitude. Some of the wettest areas along the coast (a narrow band) north to Glomfjord fulfills the climatic criteria for a temperate rainforest . East of the mountains, upper part of Saltdal Municipality has an annual precipitation less than 300 millimetres (12 in). Many locations in Nordland have recorded what Norwegians know as "tropical nights" when

5106-441: The whole county for economic reasons, sparking some debate. Sitka spruce is also commonly planted in Nordland, particularly in coastal areas. The coastal areas belong to the Scandinavian coastal conifer forests ecoregion ; some small areas have been classified as rainforests using botanical criteria as well as precipitation data. Inland areas up to the conifer treeline belong to the Scandinavian and Russian taiga ecoregion, while

5180-448: The windswept plains. Beret hungers for the ways of her homeland, and in her heart, loneliness gathers and penetrates the deeper reality of life lived on the American frontier. Giants in the Earth served as the basis for an opera by Douglas Moore and Arnold Sundgaard that won the Pulitzer Prize for Music in 1951. Rølvaag was appointed Knight of the Order of St Olav by King Haakon VII in 1926. Also, St. Olaf College has created

5254-415: Was July 2014 with mean 19.3 °C (66.7 °F) at Mosjøen airport and Mo i Rana airport, while the warmest average daily high was at Laksfors with 26.6 °C (79.9 °F) the same month. The coldest low ever recorded in Nordland is −44.5 °C (−48.1 °F) on December 30, 1978 in Svenningdal valley in Grane Municipality . Research using sediment in lakes near the Okstind Glacier has shown that

5328-431: Was deeply influenced by earlier American writers who, writing in Norwegian, had faithfully portrayed the experiences of many Norwegian immigrant pioneers. In particular, he was influenced by Hans Andersen Foss and Peer Stromme , both of whom had written novels that described realistic aspects of the homesteader's experience. Rølvaag in turn provided an equally strong influence on future Scandinavian writers. He attracted

5402-536: Was part of the petty kingdom of Hålogaland in the Viking era . This kingdom also included the southern part of Troms . In January 1432, an Italian trade ship going from Crete to Flanders was hit by a storm and taken far north where it was wrecked; some of the crew survived and came ashore on a small island in Røst Municipality . They were taken care of by the people of Røst. The story, told by one of

5476-446: Was referred to as Rølvaag, the name of a narrow bay on the northwestern point of the island where the fishermen kept their boats. At 14 years of age Rølvaag joined his father and brothers in the Lofoten fishing grounds. Rølvaag lived there until he was 20 years of age, and the impressions he received during the days of his childhood and his young manhood endured with him throughout his life. An uncle who had emigrated to America sent him

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