Misplaced Pages

#975024

21-408: Orok may refer to: Orok people , an ethnic group of Sakhalin, Russia Orok language , a Tungusic language of Russia See also [ edit ] Oroch (disambiguation) Orrock (disambiguation) Oruk Urok (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with

42-781: A derogatory connotation. The total number of Oroks in Russia, according to the 2002 Russian Census , is 346 people. They live mostly in Sakhalin Oblast . Most of the Oroks are concentrated in three settlements – Poronaysk , Nogliki and the village of Val, Nogliksky District . A total of 144 Oroks live in Val. Other places in which the Orok people live include: the villages of Gastello and Vakhrushev in Poronaysky District ;

63-465: A lone Orok going out, with only a small supply of food (usually enough to last him a week) and armed with a special type of spear. Once the sturgeon was killed, the hunter would take one of the predator's teeth and carve a mark in his forehead or arm, which indicated that the hunt was successful. Due to the fish's size, strength and fierceness, failure to successfully kill the Sturgeon usually resulted in

84-472: A major effect on Orok culture, and most Oroks today live sedentary lifestyles. Some northern Oroks still practice semi-nomadic herding alongside vegetable farming and cattle ranching; in the south, the leading occupations are fishing and industrial labor. The Orok boys, when it came of time, would usually participate in a Sturgeon Hunt, usually hunting for the Beluga or Kaluga Sturgeon variants. This involved

105-570: Is believed to derive from the exonym Oro given by a Tungusic group meaning "a domestic reindeer". The Orok self-designation endonym is Ul'ta , probably from the root Ula (meaning "domestic reindeer" in Orok). Another self-designation is Nani . Occasionally, the Oroks, as well as the Orochs and Udege , are erroneously called Orochons . The Uilta Association in Japan claims that the term Orok has

126-984: The Ainu , who had " mainland Japan " family registers. Like the Karafuto Koreans and the Nivkh, but unlike the Ainu, the Uilta were thus not included in the evacuation of Japanese nationals after the Soviet invasion in 1945 . Some Nivkhs and Uilta who served in the Imperial Japanese Army were held in Soviet work camps ; after court cases in the late 1950s and 1960s, they were recognised as Japanese nationals and thus permitted to migrate to Japan. Most settled around Abashiri, Hokkaidō . The Uilta Kyokai of Japan

147-558: The collective farm of Val, which was specialised in reindeer breeding, together with smaller numbers of Nivkhs , Evenks and Russians . Following the Russo-Japanese War , southern Sakhalin came under the control of the Empire of Japan , which administered it as Karafuto Prefecture . The Uilta, or Oroks, were classified as "Karafuto natives" (樺太土人), and were not entered into Japanese-style family registers , in contrast to

168-833: The Amur River. (Chinese and Manchu residents of the Sixty-Four Villages East of the River would be allowed to remain, under the jurisdiction of Manchu government.) The Amur, Sungari , and Ussuri rivers were to be open exclusively to both Chinese and Russian ships. The territory bounded on the west by the Ussuri, on the north by the Amur, and on the east and south by the Sea of Japan was to be jointly administered by Russia and China—a "condominium" arrangement similar to that which

189-795: The British and Americans had agreed upon for the Oregon Territory in the Treaty of 1818 . (Russia gained sole control of this land two years later.) In China, especially after the rise of Chinese nationalism in the 1920s, the treaty has been denounced as an unequal treaty . In September 2024, the President of the Republic of China ( Taiwan ) Lai Ching-te claimed that if China's claims on Taiwan are about territorial integrity then it should also take back land from Russia signed over by

210-675: The Oroks share history with the Ulch people , and that they migrated to Sakhalin from the area of the Amgun River in mainland Russia. Research indicates that this migration probably took place in the 17th century at the latest. The Russian Empire gained complete control over Orok lands after the 1858 Treaty of Aigun and 1860 Convention of Peking . A penal colony was established on Sakhalin between 1857 and 1906, bringing large numbers of Russian criminals and political exiles, including Lev Sternberg , an important early ethnographer on Oroks and

231-752: The Qing government initially refused to recognize the validity of the treaty, the Russian gains under the Treaty of Aigun were affirmed as part of the 1860 Sino-Russian Convention of Peking . Since the reign of Catherine the Great (1762–1796), Russian emperors had desired to make Russia a naval power in the Pacific . They gradually achieved their goals by annexing the Kamchatka Peninsula and establishing

SECTION 10

#1732773343976

252-608: The area, signed the treaty on May 28, 1858, in the town of Aigun . The Qing government initially refused to ratify the treaty and considered the treaty invalid, but in 1860 the Sino-Russian Convention of Peking affirmed Russian gains under the Treaty of Aigun and also ceded Primorye and the Ussuri region to the Russians. The resulting treaty established a border between the Russian and Chinese Empires along

273-496: The borders of Mongolia and Manchuria , preparing to make legal Russian de facto control over the Amur from past settlement. Muraviev seized the opportunity when it was clear that China was losing the Second Opium War , and threatened China with a war on a second front. The Qing dynasty agreed to enter negotiations with Russia. The Russian general Muraviev and the Qing official Yishan , both military governors of

294-635: The hunter's death. Treaty of Aigun The Treaty of Aigun was an 1858 treaty between the Russian Empire and Yishan , official of the Qing dynasty of China. It established much of the modern border between the Russian Far East and China by ceding much of Manchuria (the ancestral homeland of the Manchu people ), now known as Northeast China . Negotiations began after China

315-605: The island's other indigenous people , the Nivkhs and Ainu . Before Soviet collectivization in the 1920s, the Orok were divided into five groups, each with their own migratory zone. However, following the Bolshevik Revolution in 1922, the new government of the Soviet Union altered prior imperial policies towards the Oroks to bring them into line with communist ideology . In 1932, the northern Oroks joined

336-438: The language is taught in one school on Sakhalin . The Oroks share cultural and linguistic links with other Tungusic peoples , but before the arrival of Russians, they differed economically from similar peoples due to their herding of reindeer . Reindeer provided the Oroks, particularly in northern Sakhalin, with food, clothing, and transportation. The Oroks also practiced fishing and hunting . The arrival of Russians has had

357-685: The naval outpost of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky in 1740, naval outposts in Russian America and near the Amur watershed, encouraging Russians to go there and settle, and slowly developing a strong military presence in the Amur region. From 1850 to 1864, when China was heavily involved in suppressing the Taiping Rebellion , and Governor-General of the Far East Nikolay Muraviev camped tens of thousands of troops on

378-502: The title Orok . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orok&oldid=986854182 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Language and nationality disambiguation pages Orok people The name Orok

399-577: The village of Viakhtu in Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky District ; the village of Smirnykh , Smirnykhovsky District ; Okhinsky District ; and Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk , the administrative center of Sakhalin Oblast . Furthermore, Orok people live on the island of Hokkaido , Japan – in 1989, there was a community of about 20 people near the city of Abashiri . Their number is currently unknown. Orok oral tradition indicates that

420-581: Was founded to fight for Uilta rights and the preservation of Uilta traditions in 1975 by Dahinien Gendanu . The Orok language belongs to the Southern group of the Tungusic language family . At present, 64 people of the Sakhalin Oroks speak the Orok language, and all Oroks also speak Russian . An alphabetic script, based on Cyrillic , was introduced in 2007. A primer has been published, and

441-623: Was threatened with war on a second front by Governor-General of the Far East Nikolay Muraviev when China was suppressing the Taiping Rebellion . It reversed the Treaty of Nerchinsk (1689) by transferring the land between the Stanovoy Range and the Amur River from the Qing dynasty to the Russian Empire. Russia received over 600,000 square kilometers (231,660 sq mi) of what became known as Outer Manchuria . While

SECTION 20

#1732773343976
#975024