71-538: Osijek ( Croatian pronunciation: [ôsijeːk] ) is the fourth-largest city in Croatia , with a population of 96,848 in 2021. It is the largest city and the economic and cultural centre of the eastern Croatian region of Slavonia , as well as the administrative centre of Osijek-Baranja County . Osijek is on the right bank of the Drava River, 25 km (16 mi) upstream of its confluence with
142-680: A grad may include suburban villages or hamlets near the city/town in question. Settlements ( naselja ) are the third-level spatial units of Croatia, and the smallest unit for which the decennial census data are published by the Croatian Bureau of Statistics but are not administrative entities, i.e. they are governed by the municipal or city/town council of the local administrative unit they belong to. Croatian cities are administratively subdivided into " city districts " ( gradski kotari/gradske četvrti ) and/or "local committees" ( mjesni odbori ) with elected councils. The City of Zagreb, as
213-542: A four-year term (together with one or two deputy mayors). The mayor (with the deputy mayor/s) can be recalled by a referendum. City administrative departments and services manage administrative procedures in their areas of jurisdiction. The mayor names heads (principals) of the departments and services, who are chosen on the basis of a public competition. The following is a complete list of all officially designated 128 cities/towns in Croatia, sorted by population according to
284-596: A large part of the Danube Swabian population were expelled as a revenge for their presumed participation in German occupation of Yugoslavia . Their property has become publicly owned and redistributed to the World War II victims. According to the 1981 census, the total population of the city had reached 104,775, including 63,373 (60.48%) Croats, 13,716 (13.09%) Serbs and 1,521 (1.45%) Hungarians . Prior to
355-562: A modern paved road since 1958. The new Drava bridge to the north was built in 1962. The first faculty opened in Osijek was Faculty of Economy (in 1959 as Centre for economic studies of the Faculty of Economy in Zagreb), followed immediately by a high school of agriculture, later renamed as Faculty of Agriculture and Faculty of Philosophy. The Faculty of Law was established in 1975. thus becoming
426-670: A population of about 55,000. This would make it a large city in itself, but it does not have the administrative status of a city. Budin Province, Ottoman Empire Budin Eyalet (also known as Province of Budin / Buda or Pashalik of Budin / Buda , Ottoman Turkish : ایالت بودین , romanized : Eyālet-i Budin ) was an administrative territorial entity of the Ottoman Empire in Central Europe and
497-473: A single entity. In the late 18th century, it took over from Virovitica as the centre of the Virovitica County . The Habsburg empire also facilitated the migration and settlement of German immigrants into the town and region during this period. A particular German city dialect, Essekerisch , formed. In 1809, Osijek was granted the title of a Free Royal City , and during the early 19th century, it
568-511: Is actually called "Kaštela". Its town council is located in Kaštel Sućurac . Another set of exceptions arises from the special status of the City of Zagreb , which is considered both a county and a city, and is further subdivided into city districts , local committees and settlements . Unlike its other districts, the district of Sesvete still has the status of a standalone settlement with
639-465: Is by far the largest exporter in the city area. Other industries include a regional brewery, the Pivovara Osijek (first Croatian beer), a sugar processing plant, as well as a candy factory Kandit . The Niveta brush factory founded as Siva in 1922 still operates. The Osijek area used to be much more industrialised and a broad range of goods and products were being manufactured there. One of
710-471: Is the only tram network still in operation in Croatia outside of Zagreb. The network is currently being completely overhauled and more than doubled in length, and the city's old trams have been thoroughly modernized. Notable people who were born or have lived in Osijek include Matija Petar Katančić , an 18th-century Croatian writer, professor of archaeology , translator of the Bible into Croatian, and author of
781-401: Is the representative body of citizens and the body of local self-government. The councillors are elected for a four-year term on the basis of universal suffrage in direct elections by secret ballot using proportional system with d'Hondt method . The executive head of the city is the mayor ( gradonačelnik ), also elected in direct elections by majoritarian vote ( two-round system ) for
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#1732772174253852-723: The 2017 Davis Cup World Group between Croatia and Spain at the Gradski vrt Hall in February 2017. The new Opus Arena stadium, with a capacity of 13,005 spectators, was opened on July 22, 2023 with the official match of the first round of the Croatian First League between the NK Osijek and NK Slaven Belupo . Osijek remains a popular domestic tourist destination for its Baroque style, open spaces and ample recreational opportunities. The most important sights in
923-608: The Balkans . It was formed on the territories that Ottoman Empire conquered from the medieval Kingdom of Hungary and Serbian Despotate . The capital of the Budin Province was Budin (Hungarian: Buda). Population of the province was ethnically and religiously diverse and included Hungarians , Croats , Serbs , Slovaks , Muslims of various ethnic origins (living mainly in the cities) and others ( Jews , Romani , etc.). The city of Buda itself became majority Muslim during
994-662: The Croatian People's Party – Liberal Democrats (HNS) 1. A possible coalition between HDSSB and SDP provoked criticism of the Social Democrats for lack of principle such as from Damir Kajin , who called it a 'sellotape coalition', alluding to the charges of war crimes that the HDSSB leader Branimir Glavaš is facing. After the parties failed to agree on a coalition, the Croatian government called new elections for
1065-811: The Danube , at an elevation of 94 m (308 ft). The name was given to the city due to its position on elevated ground, which prevented the city being flooded by the local swamp waters. Its name Osijek derives from the Croatian word oseka ' ebb tide '. Due to its history within the Habsburg monarchy and briefly in the Ottoman Empire , as well as the presence of German, Hungarian, and Serbian minorities throughout its history, Osijek has (or had) its names in other languages: Hungarian : Eszék , German: Essek , Esseg , or Essegg , Latin : Essek , Turkish : Ösek , and English: Esseck . Its Roman name
1136-816: The Holy League . Military clashes between the Habsburgs and the Ottomans were inevitable. They formed a border with one another, and although the European Eyalet had been established, there was a strong military presence in Buda. The number of the troops in the province at this time is difficult to estimate. There are documents to show 10,200 soldiers in the fortresses in 1546, and 12,451 soldiers in 1568. Auxiliary troops called sipahi were also present. The cost of maintaining this large force put pressure on
1207-569: The Illyrians and, in the second half of the fourth century BC, invading Celtic tribes, the Scordisci. After the conquest of Pannonia , Osijek, known at the time as Mursa , was under the administration and protection of the Roman 7th legion , which maintained a military castrum at the colony and a bridge over the river Drava . There is evidence that the Roman emperor Hadrian established
1278-472: The baroque Tvrđa, one of the most immediately recognizable structures in the region – facilitated the development of tourism. The Osijek oil refinery was a strategic bombing target of the Oil Campaign of World War II . After the war, the local German-speaking populace was expelled . The daily newspaper Glas Slavonije was relocated to Osijek and has been printed there ever since. A history archive
1349-489: The frontier between civilizations . By the 1570s the financial situation of the eyalet improved, albeit temporarily, as for the first time since its creation tax revenues surpassed expenditures. The territory of the eyalet was significantly reduced in size with the establishment of the eyalets of Eğri (1596) and Kanije (1600). Nevertheless, it remained the foremost Ottoman province in Central Europe, owing to
1420-409: The 1910 census, the city had 31,388 inhabitants. The official Austrian census lists 12,625 as Croats , 11,269 as Germans or Danube Swabians , 3,729 as Hungarians , 2,889 as Serbs and 876 others. According to religion, there were 24,976 Roman Catholics , 2,943 Orthodox Christians , 2,340 Jews , 594 Reformed (Calvinists), 385 Evangelicals , 122 Greek Catholics and 28 others. After World War II
1491-513: The 2021 population census. At the time of the 2001 census, there had been 123 cities/towns in the country and four former municipalities were administratively upgraded to towns prior to the 2011 census: Vodnjan (in 2003), Kutjevo , Otok , and Sveta Nedelja (in 2006). In addition, the table includes data for Popovača , also a former municipality which was re-designated as town in the administrative revision in April 2013. The Municipal column in
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#17327721742531562-545: The Buda area as a territory of the allied kingdom and did not annex it fully to the Empire. In 1541, Suleyman decided to consolidate the conquered Buda area and to set it up as an organic part of the Empire. He drove away the Austrian commander Wilhelm von Roggendorf , besieging the city, and on 29 August 1541 he took control of the city, together with the city on the other side of the Danube , Pest . He immediately organised
1633-487: The Croatian War of Independence, the 1991 census recorded a total population of 165,253, composed of 110,934 (67.1%) Croats, 33,146 (20.0%) Serbs, 3,156 (1.9%) Hungarians , 276 (0.16%) Germans , and 17,741 (10.7%) people categorised as Yugoslavs or 'others'. According to the census of 2001, the total population of Osijek dropped to 114,616. Croats made up the majority of Osijek's citizens, comprising 86.58 per cent of
1704-588: The Drava river and its backwaters. Hunting in the area known as Kopački Rit (in Baranja ) is famous beyond the borders of Croatia. The abundance of game and agriculture has made Osijek the country's semi-official gastronomical capital. Local dishes include traditional Slavonian-style specialities ( kulen , paprika-flavoured sausage, other kinds of sausages, ham , bacon, dairy products), as well as boiled dumplings , venison , slavonski čobanac and fish dishes such as
1775-488: The Drava river. The city is home to a monument to Ante Starčević. The Co-cathedral of St. Peter and Paul is a Neo-Gothic structure with the second highest tower in Croatia after the Zagreb Cathedral . The tower measures 90 m (295.28 ft) and can be seen from throughout Osijek. Because of its size most locals refer to it as the cathedral but it is only a parish church. The Church of St Peter and St Paul
1846-783: The Gradski vrt, on the north side. The Gradski stadion opened in October 1953 and closed in September 1987, and staged a qualifying round of the Speedway World Championship in 1955, 1979 and 1982 and a round of the 1977 World Cup . A new sports hall ( Dvorana Gradski vrt ) was built as the 2009 World Men's Handball Championship venue. Osijek hosts an extreme sports contest called the "Pannonian challenge", which features competitions in skateboarding , inline skating , freestyle BMX and MTB dirt racing . Osijek hosted
1917-694: The Magnificent built a famous, 8-km-long wooden bridge of boats in Osijek, considered at that time to be one of the wonders of the world. In Ottoman Empire, Osijek was part of the Sanjak of Pojega , Budin Eyalet , and became a commercial center as an important conduit for East-West trade. Following the Second Battle of Mohács in 1687, Osijek was taken by the Habsburg monarchy on 29 September 1687, after more than 150 years of Ottoman rule. . Osijek
1988-708: The Military Command , on the west by the Main Guard building and on the east by the Magistrate building (presently Museum of Slavonia). In the middle of the square, a monument to the plague was erected in 1729 by General Maximilian Petras' widow. The Gornji Grad ("Upper Town") was founded in 1692 and Donji Grad ("Lower Town") followed in 1698 settled mostly by the inhabitants from swampy area of Baranja . Tvrđa, Gornji Grad, and Donji Grad continued as separate municipalities until 1786, when they were united into
2059-731: The North, and the new Eyalet of Temeşvar was established. Military control of the surrounding areas was driven from Budin. The following year, the advance of the Ottomans slowed down and the territory of the Budin vilajet did not change until the ending of the Fifteen Years War and the Peace of Zsitvatorok , where the Ottomans lost territories North of Nógrád. However Eğri and Kanije were captured during these wars and were shortly managed as sanjaks in this province. Between 1566–1578,
2130-517: The Pan-European Corridor Vc , linking Osijek to the rest of the Croatian modern highway network, was completed and opened in April 2009. From Osijek, it is possible to take the train and bus to numerous destinations including Zagreb , Rijeka , Požega , Virovitica , Našice , Slavonski Brod , Erdut , Vrpolje , Dalj and Đakovo . A small tram network runs through the city, which has been in continuous operation since 1884 and
2201-478: The budget of the province. In 1552, for example, the Porte sent 440,000 gold coins to Budin to provision the army. If the sultan or the beylerbey was not present, then the post of general commander was taken by the pashas of Budin. The Ottoman Empire put all efforts to strengthen the stronghold in Budin. They built several rings of defence around Budin and defended roads for supplies to Vienna, as their aim
Osijek - Misplaced Pages Continue
2272-521: The capital, not being part of any county, is subdivided into both city districts and local committees. According to the Constitution , the city of Zagreb , as the capital of Croatia , has a special status. As such, Zagreb performs self-governing public affairs of both city and county. Cities (in English these would be called "towns"), within their self-governing scope of activities, perform
2343-646: The census of 2011, the following settlements were recorded: The city's population is divided into the following units of local administration: Major institutions in the city include the Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek (established in 1975), the Croatian National Theatre , the Museum of Slavonia (established in 1877), and the printing house dating to 1735. The city also has several gymnasiums ,
2414-462: The centre of an important agricultural region. At the November 2007 elections, no party held a majority, which is not unusual for Croatia as local elections have proportional representation . However, the three mathematically possible coalitions had political problems that made coalition building unusually difficult. The November elections were early (izvanredne) elections caused by the breakdown of
2485-495: The city include the main square, Ante Starčević Square , Tvrđa the 18th century Baroque citadel, the promenade along the Drava ("promenada"), and the suspension pedestrian bridge toward Baranja . The Municipal Park of King Petar Krešimir IV and the Tomislav Park date from the beginning of the 20th century, and are protected national landmarks. Osijek is also home to one of the few Croatian zoological gardens, along
2556-609: The city sustained damage by Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) and local Serbs , especially to the centre and Co-cathedral of St. Peter and St. Paul and to the periphery. About 800 people were killed in the shelling of the town from August 1991 to June 1992. Overall, a total of 1,724 people from Osijek were killed over the course of the war, including 1,327 soldiers and 397 civilians. At least five Croatian officials were condemned for war crimes against Serb civilians in Osijek, including General Branimir Glavaš. Osijek has an oceanic climate ( Köppen climate classification Cfb ). According to
2627-755: The city throughout the year. The most important of them are the Croatian Tambura Music Festival (in May), attended by tambura orchestras from all over Croatia and the Osijek Summer Nights (during June, July and August), a series of cultural and entertainment programs in the open, accompanied by food and fairs. The Day of the City of Osijek is celebrated with a cultural and artistic activities and exhibitions. The surroundings of Osijek provide opportunities for hunting and angling on
2698-654: The city's main football team, which are followed by their supporters group called Kohorta Osijek , playing in the Croatian First League at Gradski vrt stadium. The city is also home to a number of smaller teams including NK Grafičar Vodovod and NK Metalac . Before the Second World War , the city's most successful club was Slavija Osijek , which collapsed in 1941. A motorcycle speedway stadium existed in City Garden, immediately adjacent to
2769-449: The city's population. Other ethnicities include 8,767 (7.65%) Serbs, 1,154 (1.01%) Hungarians, 480 (0.42%) Albanians , 211 (0.18%) Bosniaks , 175 (0.15%) Montenegrins , 178 (0.16%) ethnic Macedonians , 124 (0.11%) Romani , and others including 24 Jews. Osijek's population in 2001 included 96,600 (84.28%) Roman Catholics , 78 (0.07%) Eastern-rite Catholics , 8,619 (7.52%) Orthodox Christians , and 966 (0.84%) Muslims and others. In
2840-715: The city, as did meteorologist and seismologist Andrija Mohorovičić , mathematician and climatologist Milutin Milanković , and Mijo Kišpatić [ hr ] , famous Croatian mineralogist and petrologist, first doctor of science (Ph.D.) in the field of natural sciences at the University of Zagreb . Pedagogue and university professor Ante Vukasović . The Croatian singer Mia Dimšić also comes from Osijek. List of cities and towns in Croatia Recent referendums An urbanized area in Croatia can gain
2911-450: The city. Both numbers are given as in some cases the figures may vary dramatically (for example Velika Gorica with nearby settlements has a population of around 61,000 but the town proper has only 30,000 residents). The town of Kaštela is a unique exception in that it only exists as an administrative unit - it is legally treated as an agglomeration of seven separate settlements with populations ranging from 3,000 to 7,000, none of which
Osijek - Misplaced Pages Continue
2982-567: The city. These elections took place on 9 March 2008 and gave the HSP 9 councilors, the HDSSB 6, HDZ, 5, SDP, 3 and a coalition of HNS and two smaller parties 2. Anto Đapić has expressed his hope for a coalition with the HDZ. Directly elected minority councils and representatives are tasked with consulting tasks for the local or regional authorities in which they are advocating for minority rights and interests, integration into public life and participation in
3053-710: The coalition of the two main parties, the Croatian Party of Rights (HSP) and the Croatian Democratic Assembly of Slavonia and Baranja (HDSSB). The cause of the breakdown was disagreement over the building of a new sports stadium. At the elections held on 25 November 2007, the HSP and the HDSSB gained 7 seats each, the Social Democratic Party (SDP) 6 seats, the Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ) 4, and
3124-422: The composition of a city as unit of local self-government. Grad (city/town) is the local administrative equivalent of općina (translated as " municipality "), with the only distinction being that the former usually comprise urban areas whereas the latter commonly consist of a group of villages . Both municipalities and city/towns often comprise more than one settlement, as the administrative territory of
3195-465: The earliest factories was the Drava match factory, established in 1856, which no longer exists. Other industries included production of synthetic materials, agricultural machinery, metal furniture, wood and timber, textiles, footwear, and silk, as well as metal processing and printing. However, the 1990s saw most of these industries decline and in some cases close completely. However, the city remains at
3266-481: The famous riblji paprikaš (fish stew made with paprika ). The two brands of beer brewed in Osijek are Osječko and Esseker. The recreational and sports centre Copacabana , opened in 1980, on the left bank of the Drava river, provides opportunities for various water sports (outdoor swimming pools and a sand beach with various facilities) during the summer months. The city offers various playgrounds: football , handball , basketball, tennis courts, etc. NK Osijek are
3337-481: The first Central European eyalet (province) with its capital in Buda ( Budin in Turkish ). The same year, several other cities fell under Ottoman rule: Szeged , Kalocsa and Szabadka (Serbian: Subotica). In the years 1543–44, the Ottomans conquered the fortresses of Nógrád , Vác , Fehérvár , Pécs and Siklós which were embedded into the new eyalet. In 1552 the eyalet was expanded with new territories in
3408-429: The first new member of newly established University of Osijek . As part of further development as a regional food industry and agricultural centre, a major (working) collective for agriculture and industry was established in 1962. During the 1980s, a new pedestrian suspension bridge over the Drava was built. A regional centre of National Television JRT was also opened. During the war in Croatia , from 1991 to 1995,
3479-1012: The first paper on archaeology in Croatia, Josip Juraj Strossmayer , a Croatian Maecenas bishop, Franjo Šeper , Archbishop of Zagreb from 1960 to 1968, and Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith from 1968 to 1981, Francis, Duke of Teck , a German prince, sculptor Oscar Nemon , painters Adolf Waldinger and Bela Čikoš Sesija , musicologist Franjo Kuhač , violinist Franjo Krežma , musicians Miroslav Škoro , Branko Mihaljević and Krunoslav Slabinac , historian Ferdo Šišić , linguist Snježana Kordić , TV journalist Vladimir Herzog , Hollywood producer Branko Lustig , footballers Davor Šuker , Franjo Glaser and Borna Barišić , sport shooter Jasna Šekarić and tennis players Jelena Dokić and Donna Vekić . Nobel Prize winners Lavoslav (Leopold) Ružička and Vladimir Prelog also lived in
3550-408: The governorship of Budin was held by Sokollu Mustafa Pasha . He was the twelfth and most notable beylerybey of the province. His tenure of twelve years was unprecedented and unsurpassed and saw numerous construction projects particularly in the provincial capital of Budin. It marked a significant transformation of the capital of the medieval Hungarian kingdom into an Ottoman provincial stronghold at
3621-477: The latter one, had long-term consequences for the colony and the region, which was already under ever-increasing pressure from the invading Goths and other invading tribes. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the destruction of local tribes by Avar Kaghanate in sixth century, this area was resettled by Slavic tribes. The earliest recorded mention of Osijek dates back to 1196. The town
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#17327721742533692-406: The management of local affairs. At the 2023 Croatian national minorities councils and representatives elections Albanians , Hungarians , Germans , Slovaks and Serbs of Croatia each fulfilled legal requirements to elect 15 members minority councils of the City of Osijek while Bosniaks , Macedonians , Montenegrins of Croatia elected individual representatives. Numerous events take place in
3763-563: The natural environment, fire and civil defence, local transport. "Big cities" ("big city" is a Croatian legal term, in English these would be just "cities"), i.e. cities with more than 35,000 inhabitants that are also economic, financial, cultural, public health, scientific or traffic centres and cities that are county seats, in addition to these tasks, are also responsible for tasks regarding public roads maintenance and issuing of building and location permits. City council ( Gradsko vijeće )
3834-399: The oldest of which dates to 1729, a drawing school from the 19th century, a zoological garden , a centre for the promotion of livestock breeding, and an institute for sugar beet farming. The Saponia chemical factory is the largest factory in the Osijek area. It is a major producer of detergents, soap and cosmetics whose products are recognized throughout the region as being of quality. It
3905-517: The region and beyond. By offering a diverse range of cultural experiences, these festivals have contributed to the city's growing reputation as a cultural hub. Transport links to and from Osijek include major railway and highway junctions, a river port , and Osijek Airport . International flights from the airport to Cologne/Bonn Airport in Germany commenced in March 2008. A four-lane highway, part of
3976-410: The settlement from scratch, regardless he raised Mursa to the status of a colony with special privileges in 133. After that, Mursa had a turbulent history, with several decisive battles taking place at its immediate proximity, among which the most notable are the battle between Aureolus and Ingenuus in 260 and the especially brutal and bloody Battle of Mursa Major in 351. These battles, especially
4047-691: The seventeenth century, largely through the immigration of Balkan Muslims. In the 16th century the Ottoman Empire had conquered the southern "line of fortresses" (végvár) of the Kingdom of Hungary. After the Battle of Mohács where the Kingdom of Hungary was heavily defeated, and the turmoil caused by the defeat, the influence was spread on the middle part of the Kingdom of Hungary. While Ottoman troops invaded Buda in 1526 and 1529, Suleyman I used
4118-458: The status of grad (which can be translated as town or city as there is no distinction between the two terms in Croatian ) if it meets one of the following requirements: A city (town) represents an urban, historical, natural, economic and social whole. The suburbs comprising an economic and social whole with the city, connected with it by daily migration movements and daily needs of the population of local significance, may also be included into
4189-406: The strategic importance of Budin as a major port on the Danube. In the 17th century Kara Mustafa Pasha conquered more areas from the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary and its vassal, the Principality of Transylvania , but did not succeed in conquering Vienna in 1683. This failed attempt heralded the gradual decline of Ottoman power in Europe. On 2 September 1686 Budin was captured by the troops of
4260-414: The table lists total population within the geographical boundary of the local administrative subdivision. This means that the figure often includes other smaller settlements such as villages or hamlets located on the outskirts or near the city/town proper. In contrast, the Town/City proper column lists only population of the city/town proper, without the smaller settlements which administratively belong to
4331-463: The tasks of local significance, which directly fulfil the citizens' needs, and which were not assigned to the state bodies by the Constitution or law, particularly the tasks referring to urban design of settlements and dwelling, zoning and urban planning, communal activities, child care, social welfare, primary health care, personality development and primary education, culture, physical culture and sports, consumers protection, protection and improvement of
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#17327721742534402-431: Was Aelia Mursa , Mursa , and later Mursa Major , which may be a form of the pre-existing name. Etymologically, mursa may be a variant of Moras from the Proto-Indo-European word *móri 'sea, marshland' (cf. morass ), or it may come from the root mur 'wall', indicating a fortified place. The origins of human habitation in the Osijek area date back to Neolithic times, with the first known inhabitants belonging to
4473-447: Was a feudal property of Kórógyi family between 1353 and 1472. After the death of the last Kórógyi, King Matthias Corvinus granted it to the Rozgonyi family. The city was almost completely destroyed by the Ottoman army on 8 August 1526, just before the Battle of Mohács . It was invested with a Turkish garrison in 1529. The Turks rebuilt it in Ottoman oriental style and it was mentioned in the Ottoman census of 1579. In 1566, Suleiman
4544-414: Was designed by Franz Langenberg and contains 40 stained glass windows, although they are not all intact after the bombing in the 1990s. The church also contains sculptures by Eduard Hauser. Osijek has become home to several large festivals and events that are now well-attended and enriching the city and its culture. These events have brought a vibrant atmosphere to Osijek, attracting visitors from all over
4615-403: Was enlarged by the "Víziváros" walls and a small stronghold was built on the Gellért hill . The Budin Castle was already standing on a Medieval castle, with more or less same walls as per now. Various towers were built by Ottomans i.e. "Murad pasha tower" (Turkish: Murat paşa kulesi ) between 1650 and 1653. The walls were enlarged in Gellért hill, in Rózsadomb , Nap-hegy and on the side of
4686-420: Was established in the city in 1947 and GISKO (city library) in 1949. A children's theatre and an art gallery were open in 1950. As a continuation of the tradition of promoting national heritage, especially in music, society of culture and art, " Pajo Kolarić " was established on 21 March 1954. Osijek has been connected with the Croatian republic's capital Zagreb and the previous federal capital Belgrade by
4757-439: Was related to religious festivals, public events (fairs), entertainment, and sports. The Novi Grad (New Town) section of the city was built in the 19th century, as well as Retfala to the west. The newest additions to the city include Sjenjak, Vijenac Ivana Meštrovića , Novi Grad and Jug II , which were built in the 20th century. The city's geographical riverside location, and noted cultural and historical heritage – particularly
4828-400: Was restored to western rule on 29 September 1687, when the Turks were ousted and the city was occupied by the Habsburg Empire . Between 1712 and 1715, Austrian authorities built a new fortress, outer walls, and all five planned bastions (authored by the architect Maximilian de Gosseau) known as Tvrđa , in the heart of the town. Holy Trinity Square is surrounded on the north by the building of
4899-435: Was the largest city in Croatia. The city developed along the lines of other central European cities, with cultural, architectural and socioeconomic influences filtering down from Vienna and Buda . At the beginning of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 , the town was held by the Hungarians, but on 4 February 1849, it was taken by the Austrians under General Baron Trebersberg . In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Osijek
4970-444: Was the seat of the Virovitica County of the autonomous territory Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia in Austria-Hungary . During the 19th century, cultural life mostly revolved around the theatre, museums (the first museum, Museum of Slavonia , was opened in 1877 by private donations), collections, and printing houses (the Franciscans ). City society, whose development was accompanied by a prosperous economy and developed trade relations,
5041-430: Was to crush the capital of the Habsburgs, which they did not succeed. The most important fortresses around Budin were Esztergom , Székesfehérvár , and also less important Vác and Visegrád . To the south, the most relevant fortress was Szigetvár . In the 145 years Ottoman era, the city of Budin was not converted to the "Italian" type of defensive fortress, which was in the fashion at that time. The old fortress
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