The Local Supercluster ( LSC or LS ), or Virgo Supercluster is a formerly defined supercluster containing the Virgo Cluster and Local Group , which itself contains the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies, as well as others. At least 100 galaxy groups and clusters are located within its diameter of 33 megaparsecs (110 million light-years ). The Virgo Supercluster is one of about 10 million superclusters in the observable universe and is in the Pisces–Cetus Supercluster Complex , a galaxy filament .
26-637: LSC may refer to: Astronomy [ edit ] Local Supercluster Virgo Supercluster Science and technology [ edit ] Lanthanum strontium cobaltate, see lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite Luzon Science Consortium Shaped charge#Linear shaped charges LIGO Scientific Collaboration Message Sequence Chart#Live Sequence Charts Luminescent solar concentrator Lichen simplex chronicus LDAP Synchronization Connector, an open source software to synchronize an LDAP directory with any other data source. Landing Support Craft,
52-485: A mass-to-light ratio of about 300 times that of the solar ratio ( M ☉ / L ☉ = 1), a figure that is consistent with results obtained for other superclusters. By comparison, the mass-to-light ratio for the Milky Way is 63.8 assuming a solar absolute magnitude of 4.83, a Milky Way absolute magnitude of −20.9, and a Milky Way mass of 1.25 × 10 M ☉ . These ratios are one of
78-399: A British WWII landing craft, US called Landing Craft Assault Landing Ship, Carrier ( Derrick -Hoisting) a US WW2 landing craft with a crane. Places [ edit ] Lafayette School Corporation , Indiana, US Lake Superior College , Duluth, Minnesota, US La Salle College , Hong Kong Lyndon State College , Vermont, US London School of Commerce , London, UK LSC,
104-531: A legends car racing series since 2014 Lengua de Señas Colombiana , the Colombian sign language Llengua de Signes Catalana , the Catalan sign language Local School Councils , Chicago, US Local Swimming Committee, a subdivision of USA Swimming London Society of Compositors , former British trade union London Symphony Chorus , UK Lone Star Conference , an athletic conference affiliated in
130-416: A small number of clouds (groups of galaxy clusters ). Ninety-eight percent can be found in the following 11 clouds, given in decreasing order of number of luminous galaxies: Canes Venatici , Virgo Cluster, Virgo II (southern extension), Leo II , Virgo III , Crater ( NGC 3672 ), Leo I , Leo Minor ( NGC 2841 ), Draco ( NGC 5907 ), Antlia ( NGC 2997 ), and NGC 5643 . Of the luminous galaxies located in
156-637: Is almost the same as that of the Horologium Supercluster . It consists of four subparts, which were known previously as separate superclusters: The most massive galaxy clusters of the Laniakea Supercluster are Virgo , Hydra , Centaurus , Abell 3565 , Abell 3574 , Abell 3521 , Fornax , Eridanus , and Norma . The entire supercluster consists of approximately 300 to 500 known galaxy clusters and groups. The real number may be much larger because some of these are traversing
182-593: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Local Supercluster A 2014 study indicates that the Local Supercluster is only a part of an even greater supercluster, Laniakea , a larger group centered on the Great Attractor , thus subsuming the former Virgo Supercluster under Laniakea. Beginning with the first large sample of nebulae published by William and John Herschel in 1863, it
208-598: Is home to the Milky Way and approximately 100,000 other nearby galaxies. It was defined in September 2014, when a group of astronomers including R. Brent Tully of the University of Hawaiʻi , Hélène Courtois of the University of Lyon , Yehuda Hoffman of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem , and Daniel Pomarède of CEA Université Paris-Saclay published a new way of defining superclusters according to
234-573: Is that of soap bubbles. Flattish clusters and superclusters are found at the intersection of bubbles, which are large, roughly spherical (on the order of 20–60 Mpc in diameter) voids in space. Long filamentary structures seem to predominate. An example of this is the Hydra–Centaurus Supercluster , the nearest supercluster to the Virgo Supercluster, which starts at a distance of roughly 30 Mpc and extends to 60 Mpc. Since
260-809: The Division II ranks of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) LSC, a coupe model of the Continental Mark VII and Lincoln Mark VII Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title LSC . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LSC&oldid=1124171505 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
286-751: The Fornax Cluster to the Virgo Cluster . The Virgo Supercluster's volume is roughly 7,000 times that of the Local Group, or 100 billion times that of the Milky Way. The number density of galaxies in the LS falls off with the square of the distance from its center near the Virgo Cluster , suggesting that this cluster is not randomly located. Overall, the vast majority of the luminous galaxies (less than absolute magnitude −13) are concentrated in
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#1732772734181312-487: The Zone of Avoidance , an area of the sky that is partially obscured by gas and dust from the Milky Way galaxy, making them essentially undetectable. Superclusters are some of the universe 's largest structures and have boundaries that are difficult to define, especially from the inside. Within a given supercluster, most galaxy motions will be directed inward, toward the center of mass . This gravitational focal point, in
338-665: The relative velocities of galaxies. The new definition of the local supercluster subsumes the prior defined Virgo and Hydra-Centaurus Supercluster as appendages, the former being the prior defined local supercluster. Follow-up studies suggest that the Laniakea Supercluster is not gravitationally bound. It will disperse rather than continue to maintain itself as an overdensity relative to surrounding areas. The name laniākea ( [ˈlɐnijaːˈkɛjə] ) means 'immense heaven' in Hawaiian , from lani 'heaven' and ākea 'spacious, immeasurable'. The name
364-563: The 1980s already suggested that several of the superclusters then known might be connected. For example, South African astronomer Tony Fairall stated in 1988 that redshifts suggested that the Virgo and Hydra–Centaurus superclusters may be connected. The neighboring superclusters to the Laniakea Supercluster are the Shapley Supercluster , Hercules Supercluster , Coma Supercluster , and Perseus–Pisces Supercluster . The edges of
390-425: The 5-year Two-degree-Field Galaxy Redshift Survey (2dF) has allowed astronomers to compare the LS to other superclusters. The LS represents a typical poor (that is, lacking a high density core) supercluster of rather small size. It has one rich galaxy cluster in the center, surrounded by filaments of galaxies and poor groups. The Local Group is located on the outskirts of the LS in a small filament extending from
416-468: The IATA code for La Florida Airport , serving La Serena, Chile Other [ edit ] LStar Capital , also known as LSC Film Corporation, a film production company that works with Sony Pictures Learning and Skills Council , former UK body Legal Services Commission , England, replaced by Legal Aid Agency Legal Services Corporation , US corporation providing legal aid Legend SuperCup ,
442-713: The Virgo Supercluster (including the Local Group) as well as the Hydra-Centaurus Supercluster, the Pavo-Indus Supercluster, and the Fornax Group. The Great Attractor, together with the entire supercluster, is found to be moving toward Shapley Supercluster , with center of Shapley Attractor . The LS has a total mass M ≈ 10 M ☉ and a total optical luminosity L ≈ 3 × 10 L ☉ . This yields
468-489: The case of Laniakea, is called the Great Attractor , and influences the motions of the Local Group of galaxies, where the Milky Way galaxy resides, and all others throughout the supercluster. Unlike its constituent clusters, Laniakea is not gravitationally bound and is projected to be torn apart by dark energy . Although the confirmation of the existence of the Laniakea Supercluster emerged in 2014, early studies in
494-478: The conclusions of his research concerning the basic structure of the LS. It consists of two components: an appreciably flattened disk containing two thirds of the supercluster's luminous galaxies, and a roughly spherical halo containing the remaining third. The disk itself is a thin (~1 Mpc ) ellipsoid with a long axis / short axis ratio of at least 6 to 1, and possibly as high as 9 to 1. Data released in June 2003 from
520-559: The disk, one third are in the Virgo Cluster. The remainder are found in the Canes Venatici Cloud and Virgo II Cloud, plus the somewhat insignificant NGC 5643 Group . The luminous galaxies in the halo are concentrated in a small number of clouds (94% in 7 clouds). This distribution indicates that "most of the volume of the supergalactic plane is a great void." A helpful analogy that matches the observed distribution
546-520: The late 1980s it has been apparent that not only the Local Group , but all matter out to a distance of at least 50 Mpc is experiencing a bulk flow on the order of 600 km/s in the direction of the Norma Cluster (Abell 3627) . Lynden-Bell et al. (1988) dubbed the cause of this the " Great Attractor ". The Great Attractor is now understood to be the center of mass of an even larger structure of galaxy clusters, dubbed " Laniakea ", which includes
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#1732772734181572-485: The main arguments in favor of the presence of large amounts of dark matter in the universe; if dark matter did not exist, much smaller mass-to-light ratios would be expected. Laniakea Supercluster The Laniakea Supercluster ( / ˌ l ɑː n i . ə ˈ k eɪ . ə / ; Hawaiian for "open skies" or "immense heaven") or the Local Supercluster ( LSC or LS ) is the galaxy supercluster that
598-804: The superclusters and Laniakea were not clearly known at the time of Laniakea's definition. Since then, the study of the edges of the supercluster and of structures beyond them has substantially improved. Laniakea is itself a constituent part of the Pisces–Cetus Supercluster Complex , a galaxy filament . Solar System → Local Interstellar Cloud → Local Bubble → Gould Belt → Orion Arm → Milky Way → Milky Way subgroup → Local Group → Local Sheet → Virgo Supercluster → Laniakea Supercluster → Local Hole → Observable universe → Universe Each arrow ( → ) may be read as "within" or "part of". * It
624-419: The term Metagalaxy . Debate went on during the 1960s and 1970s as to whether the Local Supercluster (LS) was actually a structure or a chance alignment of galaxies. The issue was resolved with the large redshift surveys of the late 1970s and early 1980s, which convincingly showed the flattened concentration of galaxies along the supergalactic plane. In a comprehensive 1982 paper, R. Brent Tully presented
650-441: Was known that there is a marked excess of nebular fields in the constellation Virgo , near the north galactic pole . In the 1950s, French–American astronomer Gérard de Vaucouleurs was the first to argue that this excess represented a large-scale galaxy-like structure, coining the term "Local Supergalaxy" in 1953, which he changed to "Local Supercluster" (LSC ) in 1958. Harlow Shapley , in his 1959 book Of Stars and Men , suggested
676-508: Was suggested by Nawaʻa Napoleon , an associate professor of Hawaiian language at Kapiolani Community College . The name honors Polynesian navigators , who used knowledge of the sky to navigate the Pacific Ocean . The Laniakea Supercluster encompasses approximately 100,000 galaxies stretched out over 160 Mpc (520 million ly ). It has the approximate mass of 10 solar masses, or 100,000 times that of our galaxy, which
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