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158-645: Broughton is a suburb and district of Salford , Greater Manchester , England. Located on the east bank of the River Irwell , it is 1 mile (1.6 km) northwest of Manchester and 2 miles (3.2 km) south of Prestwich . Historically in Lancashire , the former manor house, Broughton Hall, belonged to the Chethams and the Stanleys, both distinguished local families, and later passed, by marriage, to

316-612: A royal manor . The Lord of the Manor was either the English monarch , or a feudal land owner who administered the manor for the king. During the reign of Henry II the Royal Manor of Salford passed to Ranulf de Gernon, 4th Earl of Chester . Salford began to emerge as a small town early in the 13th century. In 1228, Henry III granted the caput of Salford the right to hold a market and an annual fair. The fairs were important to

474-609: A Victorian terrace with a house built after 1980, and found that: The research demonstrated that, contrary to earlier thinking, older housing actually costs less to maintain and occupy over the long-term life of the dwelling than more modern housing. Largely due to the quality and life-span of the materials used, the Victorian terraced house proved almost £1,000 per 100 m cheaper to maintain and inhabit on average each year. Halifax's use of rowhouses, townhouses and terraced housing has been consistent throughout its history, particularly on

632-708: A cap on child benefits, contradicting the party whip . Salford was enfranchised as a parliamentary borough by the Great Reform Act of 1832 , returning a single Member of Parliament (MP). It has been subject to numerous constituency changes throughout history. From 1868 it returned two MPs to the House of Commons until the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 , when the constituency was split into three single-member divisions: Salford North , Salford South and Salford West . Boundaries changed again under

790-542: A few yards away near Ivy Cottage, which is thought to be the house from which Crabtree made his observations. In 1772 the Manor of Broughton became the property of Mary, sister of Edward Cheetham of Nuthurst and Smedley who was married to Samuel Clowes. The manor then descended through the Clowes family to the Captain Henry Arthur Clowes. By 1801 the population of the township of Broughton with Kersal

948-405: A frontal yard, rear yard, or both. A typical Malaysian and Singaporean terraced house is usually one or two floors high, but a handful of three or four storey terraced homes exist, especially newer terraced houses. Earlier variations followed traditional Western, Malay, India and Chinese architecture, as well as Art Deco and International stylings between the 1930s and 1950s. The manner in which

1106-493: A further stimulus for Salford's industrial development. The opening of the Bridgewater Canal in 1761 improved the transport of fuel and raw materials, reducing the price of coal by about 50%. The later Manchester, Bolton & Bury Canal (which terminated at Salford) brought more cheap coal from pits at Pendleton, Agecroft Colliery and beyond. By 1818 Manchester, Salford and Eccles had about 80 mills, but it

1264-491: A great public park, which belong fully more to Manchester than to itself". Greengate, the original centre of Salford, is located at a fording point on the river opposite Manchester Cathedral . In 1969 Nikolaus Pevsner wrote: That [neighbouring] Stretford and Salford are not administratively one with Manchester is one of the most curious anomalies of England. The Irwell, sourced at Cliviger in Lancashire, flows from

1422-590: A hub for employment in its factories and docks. In 1848, Salford Roman Catholic Cathedral opened, reflecting the large Irish-born community in Salford at that time. In the decades following the Second World War, Salford experienced significant population decline, as residents followed employment opportunities to other locations in Greater Manchester, taking advantage of a greater choice in

1580-553: A neighbouring constituency of Manchester, city status was granted to the county borough by letters patent dated 21 April 1926. This was in spite of the opposition of civil servants in the Home Office who dismissed the borough as "merely a scratch collection of 240,000 people cut off from Manchester by the river". In 1961, a small part of the Municipal Borough of Eccles was added to the city, and in 1966, Salford

1738-400: A population of 129,794. The demonym for people from Salford is Salfordian . Salford is the main settlement of the wider City of Salford metropolitan borough, which incorporates other towns including Eccles , Pendlebury , Swinton and Walkden . Nearby towns in other metropolitan boroughs include Stretford , Urmston , Bolton , Sale and Bury , Prestwich , and Radcliffe . Salford

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1896-508: A relatively low percentage of residents working in agriculture. The census recorded the economic activity of residents aged 16–74, 4.4% students were with jobs, 9.1% students without jobs, 6.3% looking after home or family, 11.2% permanently sick or disabled, and 4.8% economically inactive for other reasons. The proportion of students economically active in Salford was higher than the City of Salford and England averages (3.0% and 2.6% respectively);

2054-664: A result they are not of the quality found elsewhere. Other finds include a neolithic axe-hammer found near Mode Wheel, during the excavation of the Manchester Ship Canal in 1890, and a Bronze Age cremation urn during the construction of a road on the Broughton Hall estate in 1873. The Brigantes were the major Celtic tribe in what is now Northern England . With a stronghold at the sandstone outcrop on which Manchester Cathedral now stands, opposite Salford's original centre, their territory extended across

2212-463: A rooftop deck. While zoning codes do exist which can possibly prevent third stories from being added to homes, Philly Mag claims "The city’s 2012 zoning code overhaul, which increased the height limit for rowhouses from 35 to 38 feet, has made this option increasingly prevalent." San Francisco is also famous for its terraced houses, especially in the older neighborhoods of North Beach , the Castro ,

2370-599: A site between Northumberland Street and Broom Lane but the venture was not a commercial success and closed 1842. Businessmen from all over Europe and the Mediterranean Sea established branches in Manchester close to the source of supply. In Higher Broughton by mid century there were many prosperous merchants from the Ottoman Empire who had settled around Northumberland Street and by 1861 they had built

2528-574: A small textile-chain making business in Ordsall from James Slater and founded the Hans Renold Company , what is now Renold, a firm which still produces chains. Renold invented the bush roller chain shortly after and began producing it. It is the type of chain most commonly used for transmission of mechanical power on bicycles, motorbikes, to industrial and agricultural machinery to uses as varied as rollercoasters and escalators . During

2686-402: A stylish ensemble rather than a mere "row" of similar homes. Townhouses (or townhomes) are generally two- to three-story structures that share a wall with a neighbouring unit. As opposed to apartment buildings, townhouses do not have neighbouring units above or below them. They are similar in concept to row houses or terraced houses, but share a common design and construction. The first and last of

2844-554: A total involvement of some 320 players each week. Broughton Park R.F.C. is the City of Manchester's highest placed representative in the Rugby Union Leagues. Broughton Rangers , founded in 1877 as a rugby union club, became a rugby league club as a founder member of the Northern Union in 1895. In 1946, they moved and renamed themselves Belle Vue Rangers . This folded in 1955. They are now being reformed with

3002-640: Is Kersal Dale country park, which covers about 32 hectares (0.32 km ). Others include Kersal Moor in Higher Kersal, The Meadow, Peel Park and the adjacent David Lewis Recreation Ground close to the University of Salford , and Albert Park and Clowes Park in Broughton. The territory of Salford is contiguous with other towns on all sides, and as defined by the Office for National Statistics forms

3160-408: Is MediaCityUK , located at Salford Quays. The development houses BBC departments including CBBC , BBC Sport and Radio 5 Live which moved in 2011 and BBC Breakfast , which moved from London in spring 2012. In recent years, various large residential schemes have been built in Salford. A notable development, the £700m Middlewood Locks began construction in 2016. Salford was anciently part of

3318-435: Is a public park, with a large football pitch, located by Great Clowes Street and Great Cheetham Street West, on the borders of Higher and Lower Broughton. The park, named in commemoration of the consort (husband) of Queen Victoria , today features a multi-use games area, bowling green , all-weather sports pitch, children's play area and informal five-a-side pitch as well as paths, shrubs and many established trees. Albert Park

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3476-482: Is around one mile (1.6 km) from Manchester city centre . This fact and the availability of affordable housing make it an attractive option for many younger first time buyers. In 2005, it was announced that an area of housing near Camp Street in Lower Broughton would be demolished to make way for brand new houses. This is part of a wider regeneration project which will later extend to all council houses in

3634-399: Is between through terraces , whose houses have both a front and a back door, and back-to-backs , which are bricked in on three sides. The 1875 Public Health Act imposed a duty on local authorities to regulate housing by the use of byelaws , and subsequently all byelaw terraced housing was required to have its own privy , with rear access to allow the night soil to be collected as per

3792-424: Is characterised by an oversupply of older, smaller terraced housing and flatted accommodation that declined in value during the late 20th century. As demand fell, it left many owners in negative equity and often without the means to maintain their homes in reasonable condition. As a result, much of the built environment is poor. Land use in Salford is overwhelmingly urban, with a number of green spaces. The largest

3950-600: Is made of brick or stucco. The row houses of New York City are built with a variety of material, including brownstone , limestone , and brick , and some are wood-frame homes. Row houses are especially prominent in neighborhoods like Middle Village , Woodhaven and Jackson Heights in Queens ; Bay Ridge , Bensonhurst , Brooklyn Heights , Bushwick , Canarsie , Marine Park , Park Slope , and Sunset Park in Brooklyn ; and Williamsbridge , Wakefield , and Soundview in

4108-472: Is one of the early examples of the type. Although in early larger forms it was and still is used for housing the wealthy, as cities and the demands for ever smaller close housing grew, it regularly became associated with the working class . Terraced housing has increasingly become associated with gentrification in certain inner-city areas, drawing the attention of city planning . Though earlier Gothic examples, such as Vicars' Close, Wells , are known,

4266-509: Is represented by the Member of Parilament for the Salford constituency , created in 2023. Salford was named in the early middle ages , though evidence exists of settlement since neolithic times. It was the seat of the large Hundred of Salford in the historic county of Lancashire and was granted a market charter in about 1230, which gave it primary cultural and commercial importance in

4424-652: Is situated opposite the 'Old Church' of Manchester". The effect on Salford of the Industrial Revolution has been described as "phenomenal". The area expanded from a small market town into a major industrial metropolis ; factories replaced cottage industries, and the population rose from 12,000 in 1812 to 70,244 within 30 years. By the end of the 19th century it had increased to 220,000. Large-scale building of low quality Victorian terraced housing did not stop overcrowding, which itself led to chronic social deprivation. The density of housing

4582-481: Is the modernisation of exterior construction and façade. Certain older terrace houses tend to be converted for various new roles; some are converted into shophouses or business premises (including clubs, hotels and boarding homes–especially pre-independence houses–and kindergartens). Others have remained in use as residential units, are abandoned, neglected, or razed. Significant expansions are also common on all terrace homes; roofs and additional rooms may be added within

4740-761: The Pax Romana brought peace to the area. Both the main Roman road to the north, from Mamucium to Ribchester , and a second road to the west, ran through what is now Salford, but few Roman artefacts have been found in the area. The withdrawal of the Romans in AD ;410 left the inhabitants at the mercy of the Saxons . The Danes later conquered the area and absorbed what was left of the Brigantes. Angles settled in

4898-520: The 2023 periodic review of Westminster constituencies . At 53°28′59″N 2°17′35″W  /  53.48306°N 2.29306°W  / 53.48306; -2.29306 (53.483°, −2.2931°), and 205 miles (330 km) northwest of central London , Salford stands about 177 feet (54 m) above sea level, on relatively flat ground to the west of a meander of the River Irwell ;– the city's main topographical feature. In 1904, Salford

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5056-765: The Back Bay , Beacon Hill , and the South End . Back Bay is famous for its rows of Victorian brick townhouse homes – considered one of the best-preserved examples of 19th-century urban design in the United States. Beacon Hill is a neighborhood in Boston consisting of Federal-style rowhouses . The South End is built mostly of mid-nineteenth century bowfronts – aesthetically uniform rows of five-story, predominantly red-brick structures, of mixed residential and commercial uses. In Chicago , row houses can be found in

5214-511: The Central Business Districts of the major cities. They are therefore sometimes quite expensive even though they may not be the preferred accommodation style. The lack of windows on the side, the small gardens, and the relative darkness of the rooms is at odds with the design favoured for modern Australian homes. In Belgium , the row houses are the predominant type of housing around the country and closely associated with

5372-695: The Earls of Derby . During the Civil War of 1640–49, Salford supported the Royalist cause, in contrast to Manchester just across the Irwell which declared in favour of the Parliamentarians . Royalist forces mounted a siege of Manchester across what is now the site of Victoria Bridge, which although short-lived, "did little to improve relations between the two towns". A century later, in 1745, Salford

5530-487: The Great Depression of the 1920s and 1930s, and a significant economic decline in the decades following the Second World War contributed toward a fall in Salford's population. By 1939 local coal mining had almost stopped, and, by 1971, cotton spinning had ceased completely. Between 1921 and 1939, the population of Salford decreased by 29%, from 234,045 to 166,386, far greater than the rate of decline within

5688-616: The Greek Orthodox Church of the Annunciation, Manchester church on Bury New Road. Much of Lower Broughton was undeveloped at this time as it was prone to flooding and one of the few houses, built close to Broughton Bridge was called "Noah's Ark" as it was built on an artificial mound to raise it above the level of the floods. The Church of the Ascension was built in 1869. Broughton was a township and chapelry in

5846-813: The Haight-Ashbury , Russian Hill , the Mission District , Duboce Triangle and the Western Addition . The " Painted Ladies " on Steiner Street, in the Western Addition's Alamo Square district, although not strictly "terraced", are a symbol of the city. Other ornate, intricately-detailed Victorian-style homes labelled as "painted ladies" around the city are terraced, and others again are semi-detached. Several neighborhoods in Washington, D.C. feature rowhouses, often composing

6004-777: The Huguenot entrepreneur Nicholas Barbon in the rebuilding after the Great Fire of London . Fashionable terraces appeared in London's Grosvenor Square from 1727 onwards and in Bath 's Queen Square from 1729 onwards. The Scottish architect Robert Adam is credited with the development of the house itself. Early terraces were also built by the two John Woods in Bath and under the direction of John Nash in Regent's Park , London. The term

6162-586: The Italianate and Queen Anne architectural styles. As rowhouses are very common, the Philadelphia City Planning Commission (PCPC) publishes a specific guide for rowhouse home owners in an effort to detail some of the ways to maintain their properties. With space within the city's borders at a premium, there has been a push to add a third floor to an existing rowhouse's in recent times, often this third level would include

6320-622: The Manchester parish of the Salford Hundred , an area much larger than the present-day city of Salford, within the historic county boundaries of Lancashire . A stroke of a Norman baron 's pen is said to have divorced Manchester and Salford, although it was not Salford that became separated from Manchester, but Manchester, with its humbler line of lords , that was separated from Salford. Salford received its town charter from Ranulf de Blondeville, 6th Earl of Chester , then Lord of

6478-689: The Rochdale system . As recently as 2011, byelaw terraced houses made up over 15% of the United Kingdom's housing stock. Since the Second World War, housing redevelopment has led to many outdated or dilapidated terraces being cleared to make room for tower blocks , which occupy a much smaller area of land. Because of this land use in the inner city areas could in theory have been used to create greater accessibility, employment or recreational or leisure centres. However, sub-optimal or flawed implementation has meant that in many areas (like Manchester or

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6636-647: The Tapiola garden city, Espoo , from the 1950s. Terraced housing has long been a popular form in Paris, France. The Place des Vosges (1605–1612) was one of the earliest examples of the arrangement. In Parisian squares, central blocks were given discreet prominence, to relieve the façade. Terraced building including housing was also used primarily during Haussmann's renovation of Paris between 1852 and 1870 creating whole streetscapes consisting of terraced rows. The first streets of houses with uniform fronts were built by

6794-584: The night-time economy folded amid criminal "intimidation", "drug use, fights and demands for money". In early 2005, the Government of Latvia appealed to the European Union to advise people against travelling to Salford after a Latvian man was stabbed in the head in Lower Broughton . However, a crackdown by Greater Manchester Police coupled with investment in, and structural changes to

6952-609: The pipe roll of 1169 as "Sauford" and in the Lancashire Inquisitions of 1226 as "Sainford". The earliest known evidence of human activity in what is now Salford is provided by the Neolithic flint arrow-heads and workings discovered on Kersal Moor and the River Irwell, suggesting that the area was inhabited 7–10,000 years ago. The raw material for such tools was scarce and unsuitable for working, and as

7110-546: The rivitalo (literally: row house) has not been seen as a particularly urban house type. What is regarded as the first terraced house to be built, Ribbingshof (1916), in the new Helsinki suburb of Kulosaari was designed by renowned architect Armas Lindgren , and was inspired by ideas from the English Garden City movement and Hampstead Garden Suburb , and was seen as a relatively low density residential area. A similarly leafy suburban street of terraced houses

7268-546: The " filigree " style, a style distinguished through heavy use of cast iron ornament, particularly on the balconies and sometimes depicting native Australian flora. In the 1950s, many urban renewal programmes were aimed at eradicating them entirely in favour of modern development. In recent decades these inner-city areas and their terraced houses have been gentrified . The suburbs in which terrace houses are often found are often sought after in Australia due to their proximity to

7426-563: The 1639 transit of Venus across the Sun and Crabtree and Horrocks were the first astronomers to observe and record this event on 24 November of that year. The two correspondents both recorded the event in their own homes and may never actually have met, but Crabtree's calculations were crucial in allowing Horrocks to estimate the size of Venus and the distance from the Earth to the Sun. The recording of

7584-570: The 1791 L'Enfant Plan . Outside of Washington DC many townhomes have been built in the last 50 years to encourage density especially around Metro stations and other areas of interest. In other cities throughout the United States, such as Albany, New York ; Cincinnati ; Cleveland ; Covington, Kentucky ; Detroit ; Hoboken, New Jersey ; Jersey City ; Lancaster, Pennsylvania ; Norfolk ; Pittsburgh ; Reading, Pennsylvania ; Richmond ; Troy ; and Wilmington, Delaware , row houses and terraced housing are also common, with row housing more focused on

7742-408: The 1960s, although there are regeneration schemes to reverse its fortunes. Many of the high-rise housing blocks from the 1960s and 1970s were demolished during the 1990s, "a sign that the great social engineering schemes (from that period) had failed". However, the high-rises that remain are a striking feature of Salford's landscape. Work was scheduled to begin on the £180 million redevelopment of

7900-421: The 1980s and 1990s the area experienced high levels of deprivation and unemployment, particularly during the recessions of the early years of both decades. This social deprivation was a major factor in the increased levels of gang crime linked to illegal narcotics, firearms and robberies. This was comparable to the similar issues faced in parts of neighbouring Manchester including Moss Side , as well as areas of

8058-609: The 19th century. Another Grade II* listed building, Salford Cathedral , is a decorated neo-Gothic Roman Catholic church built between 1844 and 1848. Salford (Old) Town Hall, situated in Bexley Square off Chapel Street, is a Neo-classical brick building dressed in stone, designed by Richard Lane . Closer to Manchester, the tower of the Church of the Sacred Trinity dates from 1635, the main building from 1752. It

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8216-1036: The 19th century. Society Hill is known to have the largest concentration of original 18th- and early 19th-century residential architecture of any place in the United States. The style and type of material used in constructing Philadelphia's rowhouses vary throughout the city. Even in neighborhoods where twin houses are found, their façades and internal layouts usually resemble those of rowhouses. Most are primarily red brick in construction, often with white stone trim. Some are faced with stone, being brownstone on some blocks in Center City , South Philadelphia , and North Philadelphia and being Wissahickon schist in Mayfair in Northeast Philadelphia and Mt. Airy in Northwest Philadelphia . West Philadelphia has many colorful rowhouses in

8374-496: The 20th century. According to the 2001 UK census, the industry of employment of Salford's residents aged 16–74 was 18.0% retail and wholesale, 14.4% property and business services, 12.3% manufacturing, 11.7% health and social work, 8.6% education, 7.3% transport and communications, 6.8% hotels and restaurants, 5.8% construction, 4.4% finance, 4.2% public administration, 0.6% energy and water supply, 0.3% agriculture, 0.1% mining, and 5.7% other. Compared with national figures, Salford had

8532-631: The 26 clauses of the charter stated that no one could work in the Hundred of Salford unless they also lived in the borough. Salford's status as a burgage encouraged an influx of distinguished families, and by the Late Middle Ages Salford was "rich in its manor houses ", with over 30 within a 5-mile (8 km) radius of Ordsall . These included Ordsall Hall (owned by the Radclyffe family) and Broughton Hall , owned by

8690-432: The Belgian culture and history. The Grand Place , the central historic place of the capital Brussels , is surrounded by private houses dating from the 17th century, reflecting the city as a mercantile power at that time in northern Europe. Later, in the 19th century, Belgium played an important role in the early history of industrial revolution like the United Kingdom , where an important amount of working class housing

8848-418: The Bronx . In historic Philadelphia , the rowhouse (almost always spelled as one word) has been the most common domestic building type in the city and some of its suburbs since colonial times. Some of the oldest rowhouses in the city are narrow three-story "Trinity" houses that accommodated a large population of indentured servants and immigrant workers, in addition to enclaves of free African-Americans in

9006-440: The City of Salford but significantly higher than 28.9% in all of England. 15.9% of Salford's residents aged 16–74 had an educational qualification such as first degree, higher degree, qualified teacher status, qualified medical doctor, qualified dentist, qualified nurse, midwife, health visitor, etc. compared to 20% nationwide. As a result of 19th-century industrialisation, Salford has had "a special place in

9164-569: The Clowes family. Part of Broughton was amalgamated into the Municipal Borough of Salford in 1844, and the remaining area in 1853. In the 21st century, parts of Lower Broughton and Higher Broughton have been redeveloped with a mixture of town houses and flats. Together with neighbouring Whitefield , Prestwich and Crumpsall , Broughton is home to a large Jewish community. Some neolithic implements and other pre-Roman remains have been found in Broughton. The Roman road from Manchester ( Mamucium ) to Ribchester ( Bremetennacum ) passed through

9322-399: The Greengate area of Salford in January 2007. The plans include the construction of what will be the two tallest tower blocks in Salford. Plans also include a five-star hotel, a new public square and park, restaurants, cafes and 403 apartments. Work is ongoing to regenerate the area known as Middlewood Locks, with the restored Salford terminus of the Manchester Bolton & Bury Canal forming

9480-436: The Irish capital. They were built in the Victorian era for the city's lower middle class and emulated upper class townhouses. By the early Victorian period , a terrace had come to designate any style of housing where individual houses repeating one design are joined into rows. The style was used for workers' housing in industrial districts during the rapid urbanisation following the Industrial Revolution , particularly in

9638-466: The Irwell, and in 1806 was the first large cotton mill to use gas lighting. Many engineering companies were established in this area, including Samuel Ellis and Company at the Irwell Foundry. However, it was outnumbered by the numerous smaller factories and mills throughout the area, including Nathan Gough's steam-driven mule spinning mill, near Oldfield Road, where a serious accident occurred on 13 October 1824 (see illustration). Canal building provided

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9796-405: The Kersal area became a giant fairground . Archery was also a popular sport for which the Broughton Archers were renowned countrywide. During the 19th century the population rose rapidly with the Clowes family controlling the development of the area allowing the wealthy merchants to purchase large plots in Higher Broughton to build their mansions and some grand terraces . By the mid-19th century

9954-403: The Kings of England, including Edward the Confessor . The area between the rivers Mersey and Ribble was divided into six smaller districts, referred to as "wapentakes", or hundreds . The south east district became known as the Hundred of Salford , a division of land administered from Salford for military and judicial purposes. It contained nine large parishes, smaller parts of two others, and

10112-511: The Lancashire County Rugby Union was founded and eleven years after the formation of the national Rugby Football Union . The club has had a number of different grounds in its time, mainly in the Salford/Prestwich areas, but also in the south of Manchester. Since 2004 its present new facility is at Hough End in Chorlton-cum-Hardy , Manchester. Originally the club had only one senior side, but now fields five senior sides and supported by one Colts (U19), four youth (U13-U17) and four mini (U8-U12) teams;

10270-425: The London estates) the tower blocks offered no real improvement for rehoused residents over their prior terraced houses. In 2005 the English Heritage report Low Demand Housing and the Historic Environment found that repairing a standard Victorian terraced house over 30 years is around 60% cheaper than building and maintaining a newly built house. In a 2003 survey for Heritage Counts a team of experts contrasted

10428-406: The Manor , in 1230. From then until 1791, when police commissioners were appointed, it was governed by a reeve , a medieval administrator and law enforcement official. It was not recognised as a borough in the Municipal Corporations Act 1835 , but was granted borough status in 1844; the new Salford borough was made up of the township of Salford and part of Broughton . The remainder of Broughton,

10586-399: The Peninsula where the city first began settlement. In the older sections of the city are sections of terraced housing used historically for military families, as part of established families' real estate holdings in addition to a country house, and as dwellings for the working classes of the city and as public housing. The most well-known of the terraced housing areas is The Hydrostone , which

10744-450: The Quantock Rows on Taylor Street and Jones Street , McDonough Row and Marshall Row. New Orleans has a distinctive style of terrace house in the French Quarter known as the Creole townhouse that is part of what makes the city famous. The façade of the building sits on the property line, with an asymmetrical arrangement of arched openings. Creole Townhouses have a steeply pitched roof, side-gabled, with several roof dormers. The exterior

10902-460: The UK's imports and 4.4% of its exports. Commodities handled included cotton, grain, wool, textile machinery and steam locomotives. For centuries, textiles and related trades were the main source of employment in the town. Bleaching was a widely distributed finishing trade in Salford, carried over from the earlier woollen industry. In the 18th century, before the introduction of chemical bleaching, bleaching fields were commonplace, some very close to

11060-484: The UK, France and Italy. Large numbers of terraced houses were built in the inner suburbs of large Australian cities, particularly Sydney and Melbourne , mainly between the 1850s and the 1890s (terraced housing is rare outside of these cities). Detached housing became the popular style of housing in Australia following Federation in 1901. The most common building material used was brick , often covered with cement render and then painted. Many terraces were built in

11218-438: The United States is generally referred to as townhouses . In some cities such as New York , Philadelphia , Baltimore , San Francisco , and Washington, D.C. , where they have been part of the landscape for over a century, they are often called row houses or row homes. Despite the narrow lots, many row houses are relatively large, some being over 2,000 square feet. They typically have two stories, but may have three or more (with

11376-534: The alignment of the house fronts with the property line really began in the 16th century following Dutch and Belgian models and became called "row" houses in English. For example, in "Yarmouth Rows" , Great Yarmouth , Norfolk , the building fronts all were right on the property line. The term terrace was borrowed from garden terraces by British architects of the late Georgian period to describe streets of houses whose uniform fronts and uniform height created

11534-509: The area and Roman coins have also been found. The township of Broughton dates back to 1177 when it was known as Burton, bounded mainly by the meandering River Irwell . To the west of this township, close to a ford across the Irwell, lay the hamlet of Broughton. The Manor of Broughton was formerly an ancient demesne of the honour of Lancaster , being a member of the Royal Manor of Salford . It descended through various families and in 1578

11692-431: The area by 2006. The gardens were introduced to make the area look neater and more consistent. The council and its arms-length management company "New Prospect", had been working closely with tenants to make sure that their houses were up to standard so that they were good quality council houses. Crime levels have now reduced and the unemployment rate has decreased leading to higher demand for housing in Lower Broughton, which

11850-484: The area. Regeneration has been taken on by Salix Homes and Countryside Properties and is planned to be completed by 2014. Another regeneration project, in Higher Broughton, is known as Broughton Green. Brentnall Primary School, on the corner of Broom Lane and Bury New Road, was demolished as part of this scheme. This school was on the site of a large detached house in its own grounds called Bella Vista. At

12008-529: The assistance of Salford RLFC . Mancunians RL , founded in 2009, play at Broughton Park. They play in the Rugby League Conference . The Cliff in Higher Broughton was the training ground of English football team , Manchester United F.C. until 1999. The training ground still hosts some Manchester United junior and academy team matches. People from Broughton include :hymntune writer Joseph Mainzer (1807-1851) lived in Higher Broughton for

12166-400: The building's structure directly erected in front of the road. One of the reasons behind this was the taxing according to street frontage rather than total area, thereby creating an economic motivation to build narrow and deeply. A five foot way porch was usually laid out at the ground floor for use by both the residents and pedestrians. Alternatively, the porch may be sealed from the rest of

12324-409: The buildings were designed varies by their location in an urban area. Derivatives located within city centres may also utilize their space for both commercial on the ground floor and residential use on the first floor and above (accurately known as shophouses , also similar to Lingnan buildings ). Inner city terrace house design tended to lack any frontal yard at all, with narrow street frontages, hence

12482-643: The center of the city, and later changing over to dense detached housing in outer neighborhoods. Scattered row homes and apartment rows can often be found in other eastern and Midwestern U.S. cities, specifically Minneapolis and St. Paul . The F. Scott Fitzgerald House in St. Paul is likely the most notable example of a row home in the Twin Cities . Columbus, Ohio has scattered row homes, along with smaller Midwest cities like Dubuque , Duluth , and Toledo . There are also scattered row homes and apartment rows in

12640-483: The centrepiece of a brand new residential development. As part of the Pathfinder initiative, Salford was identified in 2002 as one of nine areas in specific need of investment for new homes. Between 2003 and 2006 £115M was invested in the Manchester and City of Salford housing markets, £44M of which was invested in central Salford. Rows of terraces in neighbourhoods such as Seedley and Langworthy – once used for

12798-499: The centres of Salford and Manchester, where supplies of labour and coal were more readily available (the first steam-powered mill was built in Manchester in 1780). One of the first factories to be built was Philip's and Lee's Twist Mill in Salford, completed in 1801, the second iron-framed multi-story building to be erected in Britain. The large Salford Engine Twist Company mill was built to the west of Salford, between Chapel Street and

12956-529: The cities often entirely around individually owned parcels where single family row houses were built and occupied by both the middle class and the bourgeois class. Some houses are internationally renowned for their architecture like the Art Nouveau style Hotel Tassel or the Hôtel van Eetvelde both designed by Victor Horta . In Finland, an agrarian country where urbanism was a generally late phenomenon,

13114-448: The city include the University of Salford , Salford City Football Club , Salford Red Devils , BBC North and ITV Granada . The name of Salford derives from Old English : Sealhford , meaning a ford by the willows , (also known as sallows), in reference to the trees growing on the banks of the River Irwell. The ford was about where Victoria Bridge is today. Willow trees are still found in Lower Broughton . Salford appears in

13272-578: The city's Northwest quadrant, in the densely populated area east of Rock Creek Park , except for Capitol Hill and its sub-neighborhoods, which occupy the areas of the Northeast and Southeast quadrants directly east of the United States Capitol Building . Because many D.C. rowhouses are historic structures, dating back as far as the early 1800s, they are especially common within the city's original boundaries , as laid out in

13430-853: The city, featured in David Fennario's Balconville and Mordecai Richler's The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz . Terraced homes are abundant in Old Toronto . Many of them are constructed in the local bay-and-gable style, popular in the 1870s. Examples of Victorian bay-and-gable style can be found in Cabbagetown, Toronto , Parkdale , The Annex , Kensington Market , areas east of Chinatown, Toronto and Spadina Avenue including Baldwin Village. The last surviving row of Georgian -style terraced houses in Toronto, known as Walnut Hall ,

13588-409: The city. A sizable quantity of Baltimore's row houses are clad with formstone , a distinct feature of Baltimore's row houses, typically found in working class areas of the city. Marble front steps also make Baltimore's row houses distinct from other cities' row houses. Much like Philadelphia, some areas of the city that contain row houses are neglected. The row houses of Boston are found primarily in

13746-550: The city. As is common in other North American cities, in Montreal row houses are often referred to as townhouses. The streetscape of the city's 19th century neighbourhoods, such as the Plateau , Centre-Sud , and Hochelaga , are dominated by row houses, duplexes and triplexes . Row houses continued to be built throughout the 20th century. In many neighbourhoods, such as Villeray , Parc Extension , and Ville-Émard , they became

13904-565: The community and townscape ... has gone from Salford, replaced by tall blocks of flats". Large areas of the city were redeveloped in the 1960s and 1970s, with Victorian era terraced housing estates that inspired painter L. S. Lowry and soap opera Coronation Street giving way to concrete tower blocks and austere architecture. Salford Quays became the site of the second British multiplex when Cannon opened their cinema there in December 1986. Despite extensive redevelopment, throughout

14062-559: The countries' early British colonial rule . Based on British terraced home designs, the Southeast Asian variations are similar to their British counterparts (in which the living quarters are located on the front and top floor and the kitchen at the back) and were adapted to accommodate the area's tropical weather, which is primarily warm throughout the year and receives heavy rainfall. Earlier versions were more open, designed to better circulate air and features inner courtyards, with

14220-582: The dominant form of housing during the post-war period. In the 21st century, Montreal has continued to build row houses at a high rate, with 62% of housing starts in the metropolitan area being apartment or row units. Apartment complexes, high-rises , and semi-detached homes are less popular in Montreal when compared to large Canadian cities like Toronto or Vancouver but similar to some US cities, in particular Philadelphia . Montreal's characteristic row houses and their iconic alleyways, balconies , and outdoor staircases have become cultural symbols of

14378-580: The downtown and surrounding areas developed in the late 1800s through 1930s. Many are two and three-flat buildings (consisting of one or sometimes two apartments on a three-floored building). A greystone in Chicago is similar to the brownstone found in New York and Boston , except the façade is clad in Indiana limestone. Most row houses are separated by a gangway that leads under the common wall between

14536-483: The early 20th century, improvements in regional transport infrastructure precipitated the decline of Salford's existing industries, including those at the Salford Docks . Increased foreign competition began to undermine the competitiveness of local textile processing businesses. Life in Salford during the early 20th century was described by Robert Roberts, in his study The Classic Slum . Rising unemployment during

14694-415: The event is now seen as the birth of modern astronomy in Britain. In June 2004 a commemorative street nameplate in memory of William Crabtree was unveiled at the junction of Lower Broughton Road and Priory Grove. This site marks the location that is thought most likely to have been the home of Crabtree and his family at the time when he was collaborating with Horrocks. A commemorative plaque was erected in 2005

14852-405: The fertile lowland by the River Irwell that is now Salford and Stretford . Following the Roman conquest of Britain , General Agricola ordered the construction of a Roman fort named Mamucium (Manchester) to protect the routes to Deva Victrix ( Chester ) and Eboracum ( York ) from the Brigantes. Salford was founded when the fort was completed in AD 79, and for over 300 years

15010-661: The finishing trades, including rexine and silk dyeing, and fulling and bleaching, at a string of works in Salford. Both Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels spent time in Salford, studying the plight of the British working class. In The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 , Engels described Salford as "really one large working-class quarter ... [a] very unhealthy, dirty and dilapidated district which, while other industries were almost always textile related

15168-516: The first speculative housing developments in the United States. Carstairs Row was built on the southern part of the site occupied by "Morris's Folly" – Robert Morris 's unfinished mansion designed by L'Enfant . Prior to this time houses had been built not in rows, but individually. It can be contrasted with Elfreth's Alley , the oldest continuously occupied road in the U.S., where all the houses are of varying heights and widths, with different street lines, doorways and brickwork. Terraced housing in

15326-503: The greater number of tenants kept their houses clean and respectable under most adverse conditions". By 1933, slum clearance projects were under way, and by the end of 1956 over a thousand families had been rehoused in overspill estates at Little Hulton . These clearances have, for some, changed the character of the area to such an extent that "observers in search of the typical Salford may have to look in Eccles and Swinton, for much of

15484-573: The history of the British working class" ; together with Manchester it had the world's "first fully formed industrial working class" . Salford has not, in general, attracted the same minority ethnic and cosmopolitan communities as in other parts of Greater Manchester, although it did attract significant numbers of Irish in the mid-19th century. Many migrated to Salford because of the Great Hunger in Ireland combined with Salford's reputation as

15642-418: The houses built for workers of the expanding textile industry . The terrace style spread widely across the country, and was the usual form of high-density residential housing up to World War II. The 19th century need for expressive individuality inspired variation of façade details and floor-plans reversed with those of each neighbouring pair, to offer variety within the standardised format. A major distinction

15800-446: The houses is called an end terrace and is often a different layout from the houses in the middle, sometimes called mid-terrace. In Australia, the term "terrace house" refers almost exclusively to Victorian and Edwardian era terraces or replicas almost always found in the older, inner city areas of the major cities. Terraced housing was introduced to Australia from Britain in the nineteenth century, basing their architecture on those in

15958-536: The houses leading to the rear of the property (where sometimes a rear house or coach house exists) and alleyway. The vast majority of two and three flats do not share a common wall and are stand alone structures. However, many row houses similar to those found in Philadelphia , Baltimore , and Washington, D.C. do exist, largely on the near south and west sides, though not as common. Gordon Row , in Savannah ,

16116-459: The housing stock, began changing Salford's fortunes; population decline has slowed, and Salford's city councillors have insisted it is a safe place to visit. In August 2005, a survey by Channel 4 television rated the city as the 9th worst place to live in the United Kingdom, based on criteria of crime, education, environment, lifestyle and employment. Salford has suffered from high levels of unemployment, housing, and social problems since around

16274-455: The hundred, which has since in local government been separate from Salford. Poitevin forfeited the manor in 1102 when he was defeated in a failed rebellion attempt against Henry I . In around 1115, for their support during the rebellion, Henry I placed the Hundred of Salford under the control of the Earldom of Lancaster , and it is from this exchange that the Hundred of Salford became

16432-473: The introduction of cotton there was a considerable trade in woollen goods and fustians . Other cottage industries prevalent at this time included clogging , cobbling , weaving and brewing. The changes to textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution had a profound effect on both on population and urbanisation, as well as the socioeconomic and cultural conditions of Salford. The well-established textile processing and trading infrastructure, and

16590-550: The last years of his life. He composed hymn tunes including Ellacombe, Humility, Carmel, Mainzer and YNefoedd. Salford Salford ( / ˈ s ɒ l f ər d / SOL -fərd ) is a city in Greater Manchester , England, situated on the western bank of the River Irwell which forms its boundary with Manchester city centre . Landmarks in the city include the former town hall , Salford Cathedral , Salford Lads' Club and St Philip's Church . In 2021 it had

16748-679: The latter often being converted into apartments for separate tenants). The term "townhouse" in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic usually refers to modern terraced houses constructed in the late 20th century and beyond, especially those in suburban settings, which often have home owners associations and include garages. Multi-story attached homes that are grouped in twos or threes are typically called duplexes and triplexes respectively. Most of Baltimore's housing consists of row houses. A few of Baltimore's row houses date back to colonial times. The style and materials used in their constructions vary throughout

16906-596: The local community. Salford now has many tourist attractions, such as Ordsall Hall , the Bridgewater Canal and the Lowry Centre , an award-winning theatre and art gallery complex, consisting of two theatres and three art galleries. The centre is named after the artist L. S. Lowry , who attended Salford School of Art and lived in nearby Pendlebury for 40 years. Many of his paintings of Salford and Manchester mill scenes, populated with small matchstick-like figures, are on display. A notable regeneration project

17064-458: The majority of residents who lived in the area known as "the Cliff" were members of the professional classes but a number of merchants also resided there. The Cliff was one of the earliest residential suburbs for "commuters" into Manchester and Salford. A number of the houses built for them still stand today and are protected as listed buildings . In 1838 Manchester Zoological Gardens were opened on

17222-413: The majority or a large plurality of the local housing stock. As in other American cities, rowhouses in D.C. span a wide range of architectural styles and building materials. Neighborhoods known for high concentrations of rowhouses include Capitol Hill , Dupont Circle , Logan Circle , Shaw , LeDroit Park , Columbia Heights , Petworth , and Bloomingdale . Many neighborhoods with rowhouses are located in

17380-534: The more distant neighbouring city of Liverpool . Organised crime in Salford, particularly in Ordsall and Pendleton, "began to have a disturbing effect on grass roots democracy. Both the Liberal Democrats and the Conservatives announced they would not contest certain Salford wards" because they regarded them as "unsafe" and would put their "party workers at risk". Salford's social amenities and

17538-403: The north and for a distance forms the statutory boundary between Salford and Manchester. Flooding has historically been a problem and the Irwell has seen much modification along its course in Salford with some bends being removed, channelisation , and the construction of levees and bank reinforcements. Salford has expanded along the river valley to the north and south and on to higher ground on

17696-470: The oldest neighborhoods of Denver, Colorado . Montevideo and Buenos Aires during the last decades of the 19th century developed a type of terraced house called the Standard House or informally ' Chorizo' House. Introduced around the beginning of the twentieth century, terraced houses (also known as shophouses or linear linkhouses) have been adopted in both Malaysia and Singapore since

17854-549: The opening of Salford Docks in 1894. Industrial decline in the 20th century led to the city having run-down and antisocial areas. Salford has been subject to slum clearances and other regeneration programmes since the 1930s. From 2007, multiple media companies set up headquarters at the MediaCityUK development in Salford Quays , an area established in the 1980s on former dockland. Notable organisations based in

18012-484: The parish of Manchester and hundred of Salford . In 1844 the township of Broughton-cum-Kersal was incorporated into the Salford Borough , despite much opposition from some of the more wealthy residents, who didn't wish to be associated with "the cotton of Manchester or the filth of Salford" even though their wealth had been made in those towns. In 1866 Broughton became a separate civil parish , on 1 April 1919

18170-408: The parish was abolished and merged with Salford. In 1911 the parish had a population of 53,108. During the latter part of the century large numbers of terraced houses were built for the workers until eventually all of Lower Broughton was built upon. During the course of development the Clowes family kept tight control over the area to ensure that it remained "good class". The land in Higher Broughton

18328-544: The provisions of the Representation of the People Act 1948 when the constituencies were reorganised into Salford East and Salford West. From 1997, Salford lay within a reconstituted Salford parliamentary constituency . From the general election of 2010 , Salford (excluding Broughton and Kersal) was part of the new constituency of Salford and Eccles until it was replaced again with the Salford constituency by

18486-472: The ready supply of water from the River Irwell and its tributaries, attracted entrepreneurs who built cotton mills along the banks of the river in Pendleton and Ordsall . Although Salford followed a similar pattern of industrial development to Manchester, most businesses preferred to build their premises on the Manchester side of the Irwell, and consequently Salford did not develop as a commercial centre in

18644-659: The region during the Early Middle Ages and gave the locality the name Sealhford , meaning "ford by the willows". According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle , Sealhford was part of the Kingdom of Northumbria until it was conquered in 923 by Edward the Elder . Following the emergence of the united Kingdom of England , Salford became a caput or central manor within a broad rural area in part held by

18802-471: The region. It was eventually overtaken by Manchester during the Industrial Revolution . The former County Borough of Salford was granted city status in 1926; the current wider borough was established in 1974. The economy of the city in the 18th and 19th centuries was focused on a major factory district for cotton and silk spinning and weaving , and as a major inland port after

18960-550: The road was discontinued in 1925, and the road closed to mechanically propelled vehicles in January 1926. Further slips saw the road closed completely in July 1933, and although no substantial movements have been recorded since 1948 slow subsidence around the Cliff continues to this day. Salford's built environment is made up of a range of building stock. Some inner-city areas are noted for chronic urban decay . Salford's housing stock

19118-505: The rugby code, founded by members of a club known in 1869 as Broughton College, formed from former pupils of Broughton College, a public school in Salford at the time. It provided a number of early international players and was pivotal in the formation of the Lancashire Football Union . Broughton Park Rugby Union F.C. , is one of the oldest rugby union clubs in England and was established in 1882, just one year after

19276-515: The same is true for economically inactive students (5.1% in City of Salford and 4.7% in England). The rest of the figures were roughly inline with national trends. Salford has a series of bridges over the Manchester Ship Canal and onto the River Irwell , including the Grade II listed Blackfriars Bridge , completed in 1820. The settlement is dominated by the several railway viaducts built in

19434-405: The same way as its neighbour. Many of these earlier mills had been based on Arkwright -type designs. These relied on strong falls of water, but Salford is on a meander of the Irwell with only a slight gradient and thus mills tended to be built upstream, at Kersal and Pendleton. However, with the introduction of the steam engine in the late 18th century, merchants began to construct mills closer to

19592-563: The sixth-largest settlement in the Greater Manchester Urban Area , the United Kingdom's second-largest conurbation . The M602 motorway enters Salford from Eccles to the west. The A580 "East Lancashire Road" terminates at Salford, entering the area from Pendlebury . Salford is polycentric (has more than one centre). The main city centre could be considered to be located around Bexley Square near where

19750-441: The surrounding borough. The USD had a slightly larger percentage of Asian and black people. Salford has become a lot more ethnically diverse since the previous census, mostly due to boundary changes, but also due to the relocation of many BBC departments from London between 2011 and 2012. This has created many jobs and encouraged migration to the area, which was previously very deprived since the loss of many traditional industries in

19908-473: The time, it had commanding views over the Cliff, looking out toward the Crescent. It was built by a Greek merchant to represent his status in the community. Part of the house burned down, leaving the owner in conflict with the authorities over land tax due, but unpaid on the damaged part of the building. The house was taken by the local authority eventually and became Broughton Grammar School for Girls before it

20066-489: The title sequence of Coronation Street  – are being compulsorily purchased, demolished and replaced by "modern sustainable accommodation". Other schemes such as the Charlestown and Lower Kersal New deal for Communities , have concentrated on renovating existing terraced housing stock by block improvement and alleygating, as well as demolishing unsuitable properties and building new facilities, in consultation with

20224-399: The town hall and cathedral are located. However, its main shopping centres are Salford Shopping Centre in Pendleton and Salford Quays . As the city has expanded and incorporated Eccles , Walkden , Swinton and Pendlebury , there are now retail and economic centres belonging to these towns. As of the 2001 UK census , Salford had a population of 72,750. The 2001 population density

20382-545: The town. In 1773 there were 25 bleachers around Salford, most to the west of the township. Printing was another source of trade; the earliest recorded in the region was a calique printer in the Manchester Parish Register of 1763. These industries became more important as Salford faced increasing competition from the nearby towns of Bolton and Oldham . As its cotton spinning industries faltered its economy turned increasingly to other textiles and to

20540-454: The town; a 17th-century order forced each burgess  – a freeman of the borough   – to attend, but the fairs were abolished during the 19th century. The Earls of Chester aided the development of the caput, and in 1230 Ranulf de Blondeville, 6th Earl of Chester made Salford a burgage , or free borough. The charter gave its burgesses certain commercial rights, privileges and advantages over traders living outside Salford; one of

20698-591: The township of Aspull in the parish of Wigan . After the defeat of Harold II during the Norman conquest of England , William I granted the Hundred of Salford to Roger the Poitevin , and in the Domesday Book of 1086 the Hundred of Salford was recorded as covering an area of 350 square miles (906 km ) with a population of 35,000. Poitevin created the subordinate Manor of Manchester out of

20856-605: The township of Pendleton , and a small part of Pendlebury were added in 1853. When the administrative county of Lancashire was created by the Local Government Act 1888 , Salford was elevated to become the County Borough of Salford and was, in modern terms, a unitary authority area exempt from the administration of Lancashire County Council . Following a campaign supported by William Joynson-Hicks , Home Secretary and Member of Parliament (MP) for

21014-465: The twentieth century, and a construction boom of the house design occurred in Malaysia since the 1940s, with numerous housing estates consisting of terrace homes sprouting in and around cities and towns. In the process, the design of the building began to diversify, with various refinements and style changes. Generally, the building's floor space and yards become larger and more elaborate through time, as

21172-485: The type and location of housing. County Borough 1901–1971  • Urban Subdivision 1981–2001 In 2011, Salford had a population of 103,886, which is about the same size as Rochdale . The population increased from 72,750 in the previous census, mainly due to boundary changes. In 2011, 22.7% of the population in the Salford USD (Urban Subdivision) were non-white British, compared with 15.6% for

21330-472: The valley sides at Irlams o' th' Height and Higher Broughton . Unconsolidated glacial deposits along the riverbank at Broughton have caused several landslides along the riverbank. The City Engineer's Department of the City of Salford recorded one such incident near Great Clowes Street in February 1882, and others in 1886, 1887 and 1888. In 1892 the road was propped with timber supports. The tram service along

21488-407: The walkway to serve as personal space. Such designs became less common after the 1960s. Terrace houses located on the outskirts of city centres were less restrictive, although the design of the building itself was not unlike those in the city. Certain homes tend to feature longer front yards, enough to accommodate cars. Others strictly serve as a small garden. This design remained in demand throughout

21646-423: The whole of North West England . A survey in 1931 concluded that parts of Salford contained some of the worst slums in the country. Many houses were infested by rats and lacked elementary amenities. Inspectors found that of 950 houses surveyed, 257 were in a state of bad repair with leaking roofs, broken flooring and rotten woodwork. The inspectors were "struck by the courage and perseverance with which

21804-399: The wider City of Salford are unparished areas . Salford is represented by the Member of Parilament (MP) for the Salford constituency , which was (re)created in 2023 and first used in the 2024 UK general election . Its MP is Rebecca Long-Bailey , who served as a Labour Party MP in Salford since 2015. As of 2024 she sits as an independent MP, after Labour suspended her for voting against

21962-419: The year in their country houses . These terraced houses, often surrounding a garden square , are hallmarks of Georgian architecture . The same was true of many British and Irish cities. In Dublin , Georgian squares such as Merrion Square and Fitzwilliam Square housed the city's upper classes. A type of terraced house known latterly as the "one-floor-over-basement" was a style of terraced house particular to

22120-513: Was twinned with Clermont-Ferrand in France. In 1974 the City and County Borough of Salford was abolished under the Local Government Act 1972 , and was replaced by the metropolitan borough of City of Salford , a local government district of the new metropolitan county of Greater Manchester , with triple the territory of the former City of Salford, taking in neighbouring Eccles, Swinton and Pendlebury, and Worsley and Irlam. Both Salford and

22278-538: Was 866. Much of the land was owned by the Clowes family of Broughton Old Hall and the Byroms of Kersal Cell, and was either farmed, or supported cottage industries such as spinning and weaving. Broughton Park, which stretched from Singleton Road to Broom Lane with Broughton Old Hall at the centre, was the estate of the Clowes family. The highlight of the year was the Kersal Moor Races held during Whit Week when

22436-503: Was 9,151 per mi (3,533 per km ), with a 100 to 98.4 female-to-male ratio. Of those over 16 years age, 44.0% were single (never married) and 36.7% married. Salford's 32,576 households included 44.1% one-person, 22.0% married couples living together, 7.6% were co-habiting couples, and 13.3% single parents with their children. Of those aged 16–74, 37.3% had no academic qualifications , similar to that of 35.5% in all of

22594-541: Was as high as 80 homes per acre. Private roads were built for the use of the middle classes moving to the outskirts of Salford. The entrances to such roads, which included Elleray Road in Irlams o' th' Height , were often gated, and patrolled. Salford is credited as the birthplace of the Bush Roller Chain . Hans Renold , a Swiss-born engineer, came to Salford in the late 19th century. In 1879 he purchased

22752-453: Was bought by Henry Stanley, 4th Earl of Derby . In the 17th century Broughton was still regarded as a member or hamlet of Salford and the area around what is now called The Priory at the northern end of Lower Broughton Road was a picturesque hamlet with a spring, known as Broughton Spout. This was home to the amateur astronomer and mathematician William Crabtree . Crabtree's friend and correspondent Jeremiah Horrocks had correctly predicted

22910-733: Was built in the 1850s. It (and its individual carriage houses to the rear) is a contributing property of the Savannah Historic District , itself on the National Register of Historic Places , and fills an entire city block. After falling into disrepair, the buildings were renovated in the mid-20th century by the Historic Savannah Foundation . Other similar-style row houses exist in Savannah's Scudder's Row , William Remshart Row House ,

23068-527: Was built to accommodate the coal miners in small brick row houses usually called " Coron ". These types of constructions are very common in the Walloon region, but also in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France . Within the same period (from 1850 to early 1900), major cities like Brussels or Antwerp faced important urban development with the construction of new neighborhoods as extensions of

23226-610: Was demolished in 2007 as a result of structural decay. According to the US Census Bureau, the highest concentration of terraced houses in the United States is in the Mid-Atlantic region, particularly the Philadelphia , Baltimore , and Washington metropolitan areas. The first terraced houses in the nation were Carstairs Row in Philadelphia , designed by builder and architect Thomas Carstairs c.  1799 through 1820, for developer William Sansom, as part of

23384-480: Was demolished to make way for Brentnall Primary School. The only evidence of the original house was the gates still there to this day. Broughton is home to a large Jewish community. In the 2011 census, 14.2% of residents gave their religion as Jewish, compared to 3.3% for Salford and 0.5% for England. The ward is represented by three councillors: John Merry (Lab), Maria Brabiner (Lab), and Jim King (Lab Co-op).   indicates seat up for re-election. Albert Park

23542-402: Was designated as a conservation area by Salford City Council in 1976. The designation now covers an area of 26.03 ha (64.42 acres) and has preserved the character of the area with its cobbled streets and many fine buildings. In the summer months of 2000, new gardens, fences, gates and porches had begun to be fitted to the local authority houses in Lower Broughton covering the whole of

23700-399: Was opened in 1877 and was described as "16 acres of terraced walkways making it possible to walk 5 miles (8.0 km) around the park without traversing the same ground twice". The park originally featured a 2-acre (8,100 m) lake which was filled in during the late 1940s. Broughton RUFC formerly Broughton Wasps, was the first Broughton football club in Manchester, and played using

23858-555: Was originally built as replacement housing stock for those made homeless after the Halifax Explosion ; individual owners have, however, altered the exteriors of many of the rowhouses over time to accommodate changing family needs. More recently, there have been rowhouse developments appearing in diverse areas throughout the city. Montreal has the largest stock of terraced houses in Canada and they are typical in all areas of

24016-466: Was picked up by speculative builders like Thomas Cubitt and soon became commonplace. It is far from being the case that terraced houses were only built for people of limited means. This is especially true in London, where some of the wealthiest people in the country owned them in locations such as Belgrave Square and Carlton House Terrace . These townhouses, in the British sense , were the London residences of noble and gentry families who spent most of

24174-407: Was recorded as "within a great loop of the River Irwell ... roughly three-quarters of a mile from north to south and one mile from east to west". Salford is contiguous with Manchester , and has been described "in participation of its trade, and for all other practical purposes, an integral part of it; presents a near resemblance to it in streets and edifices; contains several public buildings and

24332-661: Was restored between 1871 and 1874. Public swimming baths were provided, on Blackfriars Road. Now in commercial use, the two-storey building was constructed in about 1890 from brick, with terracotta dressings and a part-glazed roof. Terraced house Terrace housing can be found worldwide, though it is quite common in Europe and Latin America, and many examples can be found in the United Kingdom, Belgium, United States, Canada, and Australia. The Place des Vosges in Paris (1605–1612)

24490-466: Was sold in large plots for "villa" type properties and they also restricted the number of pubs that could be built, and then only allowed beer to be sold and not spirits. By 1901 the population had grown to around 49,048. During the 20th century many of the large houses were divided up and rented out as flats, causing the area to become run down and neglected. Some of the fine Victorian terraces were demolished and replaced with modern housing. The Cliff

24648-587: Was staunchly in support of Bonnie Prince Charlie , in his attempt to seize the Throne of England . He entered the town at the head of his army and was blessed by the Reverend John Clayton before leaving "in high spirits" to march on London; he returned to Salford in defeat just nine days later. Salford has a history of textile processing that pre-dates the Industrial Revolution , and as an old town had been developing for about 700 years. Before

24806-475: Was that of Hollantilaisentie (1920) in the suburb of Munkkiniemi , Helsinki, designed by architect Eliel Saarinen . They were initially envisioned as workers' housing, as part of a grand new urban scheme for the entirety of north-west Helsinki, but from the outset became a fashionable middle-class residential area. Later terraced housing in Finland is similarly associated with suburban middle-class living, such as

24964-585: Was the completion of the Manchester Ship Canal in 1894 which triggered Salford's development as a major inland port . Salford Docks , a major dockland on the Ship Canal 35 miles (56 km) east of the Irish Sea , brought employment to over 3,000 labourers. By 1914 the Port of Manchester , most of whose docks were in Salford, had become one of the largest port authorities in the world, handling 5% of

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