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81-429: Long Night or The Long Night may refer to: Film and television [ edit ] The Long Night (1947 film) , a film noir The Long Night (2022 film) , an American horror film "Long Night", an episode of Please Teacher! "The Long Night" ( Babylon 5 ) , a 1997 episode from the science fiction series' fourth season "The Long Night" ( Game of Thrones ) ,

162-523: A cuicacalli , for public shows during religious rituals. The bottom floor had two rooms which were used by the government. One of them was used for Moctezuma's advisors and judges who dealt with the situations of the commoners (likely the Tlacxitlan ). The other room was for the war council (likely the Tequihuacalli ), where high-ranking warriors planned and commanded their battles. As part of

243-689: A tecpan (palace) of his own. This was a particularly large palace, which was somewhat larger than the National Palace that exists today which was built over it, being about 200 meters long and 200 meters wide. However, little archaeological evidence exists to understand what his palace looked like, but the various descriptions of it and the space it covered have helped reconstruct various features of its layout. Even so, these descriptions tend to be limited, as many writers were unable to describe them in detail. The Spanish captain Hernán Cortés ,

324-416: A 1961 album by Frank Strozier "Long Night" (Kim Hyung-jun song) , 2011 "Long Night" (The Corrs song) , 2004 "Long Night", a song by Eddy Grant, from the album Reparation Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Long Night . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to

405-401: A defeated nation, and many sources have described him as weak-willed, superstitious, and indecisive. Depictions of his person among his contemporaries, however, are divided; some depict him as one of the greatest leaders Mexico had, a great conqueror who tried his best to maintain his nation together at times of crisis, while others depict him as a tyrant who wanted to take absolute control over

486-507: A greenhouse. It turns out they had been raised in the same orphanage. The story unfolds in a series of flashbacks, and even a flashback within a flashback, as Joe recalls what Jo Ann told him about her life before they met. Finding her behavior suspicious, he follows her to a nightclub where Maximilian the Great is performing a magic act on stage. At the bar, Joe gets to know Charlene, who recently quit as Max's assistant. Max tells Joe that he

567-455: A humiliating defeat at Atlixco during a flower war against Huejotzingo ( see below ), many sites in Oaxaca rebelled, likely under the idea that the empire's forces were weakened. However, Moctezuma was able to raise an army numbering 200,000 and marched over the city of Yancuitlan (today known as Yanhuitlan ), a city which had been previously conquered by Tizoc , and conquered Zozollan in

648-404: A long conflict of interests between the nobility, merchants, and warrior class. The struggle occurred as the result of the conflicting interests between the merchants and the nobility and the rivalry between the warrior class and the nobility for positions of power in the government. Moctezuma likely sought to resolve this conflict by installing despotist policies that would settle it. However, it

729-605: A loss of $ 1 million. A Life magazine review at the time blamed "Hollywood commercialism and the stultifying institution of censorship" for the film's poor quality, noting that, "because anything having to do with incest is banned from U.S. films by censors and because Hollywood considers sad endings unprofitable, a moving and mature tragedy has been remade into melodramatic goulash." Moctezuma II Moctezuma Xocoyotzin ( c.  1466 – 29 June 1520), referred to retroactively in European sources as Moctezuma II ,

810-494: A potential threat to the government; among these policies was the obligation of the nobility to reside permanently in Tenochtitlan and abandon their homes if they lived elsewhere. Regarding his economic policies, Moctezuma's rule was largely affected by natural disasters in the early years. As mentioned before, the famine during his first years as tlatoani resulted in a temporary increase in tribute in some provinces to aid

891-417: A result of astrological predictions halting some Mexica military operations to a degree. Moctezuma would try to campaign against these rebellions one at a time throughout the following years, campaigning against territories in Oaxaca, including Icpatepec again, in 1511 or 1512. Some of these revolts occurred as far south as Xoconochco (today known as Soconusco ) and Huiztlan (today, Huixtla ), far down where

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972-524: A season 8 episode of the fantasy drama television series "The Long Night", a 2011 episode of the British drama Camelot "The Long Night", a 2008 episode of the British sitcom Outnumbered Literature [ edit ] The Long Night (1936), a novel by Andrew Nelson Lytle The Long Night (1958), a novel by Julian Mayfield The Long Night (1903), a novel by Stanley J. Weyman Music [ edit ] Long Night (album) ,

1053-455: A springboard for Bel Geddes's career. RKO signed Bel Geddes to a seven-year contract. A dead man tumbles down a flight of stairs. When the police arrive at the top-floor apartment of Joe Adams, he shoots at them through the door. The sheriff calls in reinforcements and sets up snipers on nearby rooftops. Adams, in his room, begins a recollection of the events leading up to this, beginning with his first chance encounter with Jo Ann, who works in

1134-457: A tribute to Tenochtitlan, and they received multiple rewards as the result, including the permission to rebuild their main temple (which had been partially destroyed during the Battle of Tlatelolco which occurred during Axayacatl 's reign). This campaign had a highly violent result; Moctezuma, after receiving information on the cities gathered by his spies, ordered for all adults in the sites above

1215-486: A war against Icpatepec is recorded to have happened again in that year. After the campaigns in the Oaxaca region, Moctezuma began to move his campaigns into northern and eastern territories around 1514, conquering the site of Quetzalapan, a Chichimec territory through the Huastec region , taking 1332 captives and suffering minimal casualties, with only 95 reported losses. Likely around this time, many other territories in

1296-602: Is Jo Ann's long-lost father. He claims to have sought her out due to guilt and is now so attached to her that he would not want to lose her to someone like Joe. Jo Ann fiercely denies that Max is in any way related to her. She tells him about how she was picked out of the audience one night and brought on stage to take part in the act, and was then pursued by Max, who sought a relationship. She insists that she has had to physically fend off his romantic advances. Jo Ann and Charlene both have feelings for Joe but leave him mystified, particularly when both appear to have received exactly

1377-591: Is a compound of a noun meaning 'lord' and a verb meaning 'to frown in anger', and so is interpreted as 'he frowns like a lord' or 'he who is angry in a noble manner'. His name glyph , shown in the upper left corner of the image from the Codex Mendoza below , was composed of a diadem ( xiuhuitzolli ) on straight hair with an attached earspool , a separate nosepiece, and a speech scroll . The Aztecs did not use regnal numbers ; they were given retroactively by historians to more easily distinguish him from

1458-438: Is also true that many of his elitist policies were put in place because he did not want to "work with inferior people", and instead wanted to be served by and interact with people he deemed more prestigious, both to avoid giving himself and the government a bad reputation and to work with people he trusted better. However, some of his policies also affected the nobility, as he had intentions of reforming it so that it would not pose

1539-402: Is sent away to prison. Joe had considered himself friendless, but most of the assembled crowd, including Charlene, Joe's coworker and neighbor Bill Pulanski, and Frank Dunlap, a blind man who lives in the neighborhood, support him. When RKO acquired the distribution rights to Le jour se lève in preparation for remaking it as The Long Night , they also sought to buy up all available prints of

1620-434: Is that contrary to popular belief, Tlaxcala was not Mexico's most powerful rival in the central Mexican region in this period, and it would not be so until the final years of pre-Hispanic Mexico in 1518–19. In the opening years of the 16th century, Huejotzingo was Mexico's actual military focus, and it proved itself to be one of the most powerful political entities until these final years, as a series of devastating wars weakened

1701-477: The tlatoani of this name ), were killed. All the population of Tototepec, except for the children, was massacred by the Mexica forces, and about 1350 captives were taken. Another campaign was launched in 1515 to conquer Acocozpan and Tetenanco and reconquer Atlitepec, which had been previously conquered by Ahuizotl in 1493. Quetzaltepec was conquered on the same campaign as Tototepec, as both reportedly murdered

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1782-593: The Chalco region, was assigned to pay an additional tribute of stone and wood twice or thrice a year for Tenochtitlan's building projects. This tributary policy eventually backfired, as some of the empire's subjects grew disgruntled with Moctezuma's government and launched rebellions against him, which eventually resulted in many of these provinces—including Totonacapan (under the de facto leadership of Chicomacatl ), Chalco and Mixquic (which were near Tenochtitlan)—forming alliances with Spain against him. The famine at

1863-739: The Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire when conquistador Hernán Cortés and his men fought to take over the Aztec capital Tenochtitlan . During his reign, the Aztec Empire reached its greatest size. Through warfare, Moctezuma expanded the territory as far south as Xoconosco in Chiapas and the Isthmus of Tehuantepec , and incorporated the Zapotec and Yopi people into the empire. He changed

1944-456: The tlacxitlan , the criminal court of Tenochtitlan (which aside from judging criminals also had the job of freeing "unjustified" slaves), to free those children and offer food to those noblemen. Another natural disaster, of lesser intensity, occurred in the winter of 1514, when a series of dangerous snowstorms resulted in the destruction of various crops and property across Mexico. During his government, he applied multiple policies that centered

2025-681: The Mexican- Guatemalan border is today. These territories were highly important to the empire and had been previously conquered by his predecessor Ahuizotl , thus Moctezuma had to maintain them under his control. These revolts occurred in so many locations that the empire was unable to deal with all of them effectively. The empire's expansion during Moctezuma's rule was mainly focused on southwestern Mesoamerican territories, in Oaxaca and modern-day Guerrero . The earliest conquests in this territory were held by Moctezuma I . The first important conquest during Moctezuma's rule occurred in

2106-526: The Tlaxcalan allies of the Spanish. At the beginning of his rule, he attempted to build diplomatic ties with Tlaxcala, Huexotzinco (today, Huejotzingo ), Chollolan ( Cholula ), Michoacan , and Metztitlán , by secretly inviting the lords of these countries to attend the celebrations for his coronation before the continuation of the flower wars , which were wars of religious nature arranged voluntarily by

2187-478: The Triple Alliance attacking from various locations and having over 200 wooden ladders constructed under Moctezuma's orders. The Mexica eventually emerged victorious, successfully conquering the city. Several military defeats occurred in some of these expansionist campaigns, however, such as the invasion of Amatlan in 1509, where an unexpected series of snowstorms and blizzards killed many soldiers, making

2268-568: The age of 50 to be killed to prevent a rebellion once the cities were conquered, similar to the war in Tlachquiauhco. The conquest was done by dividing the army that was brought in 3 divisions; one from Tlacopan, one from Texcoco, and one from Tenochtitlan, so that each one attacked a different city. The Tenochtitlan company attacked Jaltepec. Moctezuma came out victorious and then returned to Mexico through Chalco, where he received many honors for his victory. This war likely happened in 1511, as

2349-422: The age of five years, as the sons of the kings were expected to receive their education at a much earlier age than the rest of the population. According to some sources, Moctezuma stood out in his childhood for his discipline during his education, finishing his works correctly and being devout to the Aztec religion . Moctezuma was an already famous warrior by the time he became the tlatoani of Mexico, holding

2430-498: The beginning of his reign, while others, such as his tributary policies, were created as the result of various events, like the famine which occurred at the beginning of his rule. His policies, in general, had the purpose of centralizing the government in his person through the means of implementing policies to settle the divide between the nobility and commoners and abolishing some of the more feudal policies of his predecessors, while also making his tributary policies more severe to aid

2511-471: The beginning of his rule also resulted in the abolishment of the huehuetlatlacolli system, which was a system of serfdom in which a family agreed to maintain a tlacohtli ( slave or serf) perpetually. This agreement also turned the descendants of the ones who agreed into serfs. During his campaign against Jaltepec and Cuatzontlan ( see below ), he made negotiations with the Tlatelolca to obtain

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2592-537: The beginning of the revolt by Icpatepec as the result. The Xaltepeca had done this before with previous tlatoanis and other nations. Moctezuma and the recently elected ruler of Tlacopan themselves went to the fight, along with Tlacaelel 's grandson and cihuacoatl of Mexico in this period Tlacaeleltzin Xocoyotl. A large portion of the weapons and food was brought by Tlatelolco , though they were initially hesitant to do so, but were ordered by Moctezuma to offer it as

2673-486: The conquests of Mazatzintlan and Zacatepec, which formed part of the Chichimec region. The approximate number of military engagements during his rule before European contact was 73, achieving victory in approximately 43 sites (including territories already within the empire), making him one of the most active monarchs in pre-Hispanic Mexican history in terms of military actions. However, his rule and policies suffered

2754-606: The construction of Moctezuma's palace, various projects were made which made it more prestigious by providing entertainment to the public. One of the most famous among these projects was the Totocalli  [ es ] (House of Birds), a zoo which had multiple sorts of animals, mainly avian species, but also contained several predatory animals in their section. These animals were taken care of by servants who cleaned their environments, fed them, and offered them care according to their species. The species of birds held within

2835-584: The dead bodies of sacrificial victims were also used to feed these animals, and after the battle known as La Noche Triste , which occurred during the early stages of the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire in June 1520 (during which Moctezuma died ), the bodies of dead Spaniards may have been used to feed them. This place was highly prestigious, and all sorts of important people are said to have used to visit this place, including artists, craftsmen, government officials, and blacksmiths . The Totocalli , however,

2916-450: The division between the commoner and noble classes, which included the refusal to offer certain honors to various politicians and warriors for being commoners. He also prohibited any commoners or illegitimate children of the nobility from serving in his palace or high positions of government. This was contrary to the policies of his predecessors, who did allow commoners to serve in such positions. Moctezuma's elitism can be attributed to

2997-405: The enemies, though the fight was brief, as the people of Ayotlan surrendered to the Mexica shortly after he arrived. Approximately in the year 1490, Moctezuma obtained the rank of tequihua , which was reached by capturing at least 4 enemy commanders. The year in which Moctezuma was crowned is uncertain. Most historians suggest the year 1502 to be most likely, though some have argued in favor of

3078-608: The ensuing argument Joe pushes Max halfway out the window but cannot bring himself to kill his rival. Max observes that it is not so easy to kill a man, and shows Joe the pistol he brought with the intention of shooting him. Max, who has always been pretentiously snobbish, begins to taunt Joe. He tells him that he thinks Joe is beneath him, and then begins to insinuate that he and Jo Ann had a sexual relationship. Joe becomes enraged and shoots Max. Police are about to smoke him out with tear gas when Jo Ann arrives. She manages to talk Joe into giving himself up, promising to wait for him if he

3159-440: The first Moctezuma, referred to as Moctezuma I . The Aztec chronicles called him Motecuhzoma Xocoyotzin , while the first was called Motecuhzoma Ilhuicamina or Huehuemotecuhzoma ('Old Moctezuma'). Xocoyotzin ( IPA: [ʃoːkoˈjoːt͡sin̥] ) means 'honored young one' (from xocoyotl 'younger son' + suffix -tzin added to nouns or personal names when speaking about them with deference). Moctezuma II

3240-437: The government of the empire on his person, though it is difficult to tell exactly to which extent those policies were applied, as the records written about such policies tend to be affected by propaganda in favor of or against his person. According to Alva Ixtlilxóchitl, among Moctezuma's policies were the replacement of a large portion of his court (including most of his advisors) with people he deemed preferable, and increasing

3321-458: The high rank of tlacatecuhtli (lord of men) and/or tlacochcalcatl (person from the house of darts) in the Mexica military , and thus his election was largely influenced by his military career and religious influence as a priest, as he was also the main priest of Huitzilopochtli 's temple. One example of a celebrated campaign in which he participated before ascending to the throne was during

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3402-456: The intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Long_Night&oldid=1234283525 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages The Long Night (1947 film) The Long Night was the first screen appearance by character actress Barbara Bel Geddes and it served as

3483-464: The last stages of the conquest of Ayotlan, during Ahuizotl's reign in the late 15th century. During this campaign, which lasted 4 years, a group of Mexica pochteca merchants were put under siege by the enemy forces. This was important because the merchants were closely related to Ahuizotl and served as military commanders and soldiers themselves when needed. To rescue the merchants, Ahuizotl sent then-prince Moctezuma with many soldiers to fight against

3564-402: The main commander of the Spanish troops that entered Mexico in the year 1519, himself stated in his letters to the king of Spain that he would not bother describing it, claiming that it "was so marvelous that it seems to me impossible to describe its excellence." The palace had a large courtyard that opened into the central plaza of the city to the north, where Templo Mayor was. This courtyard

3645-409: The merchants sent by Moctezuma in the area. The Mexica managed to raise an army of 400,000 and first conquered Tototepec. Quetzaltepec was also conquered, but it rebelled along with various sites across Oaxaca soon after when the Mexica lost the Battle of Atlixco against Huejotzingo . Being a fortified city with six walls, the Mexica put the city under siege for several days, with the each of groups of

3726-476: The original film and destroy them. For a time, it was thought that the French film had been lost completely, but copies of it re-appeared in the 1950s and its classic status was re-established. The score for the film makes extensive use of the famous Allegretto second movement of Beethoven 's Seventh Symphony. According to Variety , the film earned less than $ 1 million at the box office. The film recorded

3807-447: The parties involved with no territorial purposes, but instead to capture and sacrifice as many soldiers as possible. During this period, Mexico and Tlaxcala still were not at war, but the tension between these nations was high, and the embassy sent for this purpose was put in a highly risky situation, for which reason Moctezuma chose as members of the embassy only experts in diplomacy , espionage , and languages. Fortunately, his invitation

3888-473: The political establishments founded during the pre-Hispanic era, leaving just a few in place. Among the few policies that lasted was the divide between the nobility and the commoners, as members of the pre-Hispanic nobility continued to enjoy various privileges under the Viceroyalty of New Spain , such as land ownership through a system known as cacicazgo . Moctezuma, like many of his predecessors, built

3969-416: The population during natural disasters and to compensate for a less expansionist focus in his military campaigns. Most of the policies implemented during his rule would not last long after his death, as the empire fell into Spanish control on 13 August 1521 as a result of the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire , one year after he died. The new Spanish authorities implemented their laws and removed many of

4050-470: The population. Moctezuma and the lords of Texcoco and Tlacopan, Nezahualpilli , and Totoquihuatzin, attempted to aid the population during the disaster, including using all available food supplies to feed the population and raising tributes for one year. The drought and famine ultimately lasted three years, and at some point became so severe that some noblemen reportedly sold their children as slaves in exchange for food to avoid starvation. Moctezuma ordered

4131-456: The population. Some provinces, however, ended up paying more tribute permanently, most likely as the result of his primary military focus shifting from territorial expansion to stabilization of the empire through the suppression of rebellions. Most of the provinces affected by these new tributary policies were in the Valley of Mexico . For example, the province of Amaquemecan , which formed part of

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4212-428: The previous meritocratic system of social hierarchy and widened the divide between pipiltin (nobles) and macehualtin (commoners) by prohibiting commoners from working in the royal palaces. Though two other Aztec rulers succeeded Moctezuma after his death, their reigns were short-lived and the empire quickly collapsed under them. Historical portrayals of Moctezuma have mostly been colored by his role as ruler of

4293-620: The process. Abundant territorial expansion was carried out following this. Another notable rebellion occurred in Atlixco (in modern-day Puebla ), a city neighboring Tlaxcala which had previously been conquered by Ahuizotl. This rebellion occurred in 1508, and was repressed by a prince named Macuilmalinatzin. This wasn't the first conflict that occurred in this region, as its proximity with Tlaxcala and Huejotzingo would cause multiple conflicts to erupt in this area during Moctezuma's reign. A large series of rebellions occurred in 1510, likely as

4374-462: The region and probably turned the Kingdom of Tlachinollan (modern-day Tlapa ) into a tributary province during the rule of Lord Tlaloc between 1461 and 1467 (though the kingdom would not be invaded and fully conquered until the reign of Ahuizotl in 1486, along with Caltitlan, a city neighboring west of Tlapa). In between the years of 1503 and 1509, a campaign was launched against Xipetepec, and another

4455-491: The region were also conquered. He also went to war against the Tarascan Empire for the first time since Axayácatl was defeated in his disastrous invasion. This war caused high casualties on both sides. The Mexica succeeded at taking a large amount of captives, but failed to conquer any territory. Among the final military campaigns carried out by Moctezuma, aside from the late stages of the war against Tlaxcala, were

4536-456: The rest were sacrificed in his honor on the fourth day of his coronation. In Nopala, Mexica soldiers committed a massacre and burned down the temples and houses, going against Moctezuma's wishes. After the campaign, celebrations for his coronation continued in Tenochtitlan. Moctezuma's territorial expansion, however, would not truly begin until another rebellion was suppressed in Tlachquiauhco (today known as Tlaxiaco ), where its ruler, Malinalli,

4617-429: The same brooch from Max as a gift. Jo Ann naively believes that hers is a rare antique that once belonged to Montezuma 's daughter. The more worldly-wise Charlene suggests she believed Max's line at first too, but she now has a whole display card of them marked at a price of 85 cents each. He is not sure who to trust. One day, Max arrives at Joe's shabby boarding house room and demands that Joe leave Jo Ann alone. During

4698-454: The same year; Fernando de Alva Cortés Ixtlilxóchitl states that the coronation took place on 24 May 1503. However, most documents say Moctezuma's coronation happened in the year 1502, and therefore most historians believe this to have been the actual date. After his coronation, Moctezuma set up thirty-eight more provincial divisions, largely to centralize the empire. He sent out bureaucrats, accompanied by military garrisons, who made sure tax

4779-479: The state into being conquered by Tlaxcala. During his reign, he married the queen of Ecatepec , Tlapalizquixochtzin , making him king consort of this altepetl , though according to the chronicle written by Bernal Díaz del Castillo , very few people in Mexico knew about this political role, being only a few among his closest courtiers among those who knew. The first military campaign during his rule, which

4860-461: The surviving ones too low in numbers to fight. An important campaign was the conquest of Xaltepec (today known as Jaltepec ) and Cuatzontlan and the suppression of the last revolt in Icpatepec, all in Oaxaca. This war started as the result of provocations given by Jaltepec against Moctezuma through killing as many Mexicas as they could find in their area, as some sort of way to challenge him, and

4941-535: The use of force and often ended with violent results. As mentioned previously, the first campaign during his reign, which was done in honor of his coronation, was the suppression of a rebellion in Nopallan (today known as Santos Reyes Nopala ) and Icpatepec (a Mixtec town that no longer exists which was near Silacayoapam ), both in modern-day Oaxaca . The prisoners taken during this campaign were later used as slaves or for human sacrifice . After Mexico suffered

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5022-481: The weapons and resources needed. As a result of these negotiations, Tlatelolco was given more sovereignty; they were permitted to rebuild their main temple which was partially destroyed in the Battle of Tlatelolco in a civil war during Axayácatl 's reign, act largely independently during military campaigns, and be absolved from paying tribute. Many of these policies were planned together with his uncle Tlilpotonqui , cihuacoatl of Mexico and son of Tlacaelel , at

5103-417: The whole empire. Accounts of how he died and who were the perpetrators (Spaniards or natives) differ. His story remains one of the most well-known conquest narratives from the history of European contact with Native Americans, and he has been mentioned or portrayed in numerous works of historical fiction and popular culture. The Classical Nahuatl pronunciation of his name is [motɛːkʷˈs̻oːmaḁ] . It

5184-711: The year 1503. A work currently held at the Art Institute of Chicago known as the Stone of the Five Suns is an inscription written in stone representing the Five Suns and a date le 11 reed, which is equivalent to 15 July 1503 in the Gregorian calendar . Some historians believe this to be the exact date on which the coronation took place, as it is also included in some primary sources. Other dates have been given from

5265-413: The year 1504 when the city of Achiotlan (today known as San Juan Achiutla ) was conquered. This war, according to some sources, was supposedly mainly caused by "a small tree which belonged to a lord of the place which grew such beautiful flowers Moctezuma's envy couldn't resist it", and when Moctezuma asked for it, the lord of the city refused to offer it, thus starting the war. After the conquest, this tree

5346-611: The year 1507, the year of the New Fire Ceremony , abundant military action occurred. Among the towns that are listed to have been conquered this year are: Tecuhtepec (from which multiple prisoners were sacrificed for the ceremony), Iztitlan, Nocheztlan (an important town northeast of Achiutla), Quetzaltepec, and Tototepec. The conquest of Tototepec formed part of the conquests of some of the last few Tlapanec territories of modern-day Guerrero, an area which had already been in decline since Moctezuma I began his first campaigns in

5427-520: The zoo were widely varied, holding animals like quetzals , eagles , true parrots , and others, and also included water species like roseate spoonbills and various others that had their pond . The section with animals other than birds, which was decorated with figures of gods associated with the wild, was also considerably varied, having jaguars , wolves , snakes , and other smaller predatory animals. These animals were fed on hunted animals like deer , turkeys , and other smaller animals. Allegedly,

5508-439: Was a place where hundreds of courtiers would hold multiple sorts of activities, including feasts and waiting for royal business to be conducted. This courtyard had suites of rooms that surrounded smaller courtyards and gardens. His residence had many rooms for various purposes. Aside from his room, at the central part of the upper floor, there were two rooms beside it which were known as coacalli (guest house). One of these rooms

5589-654: Was accepted, and Moctezuma used this opportunity to show his greatness to the lords who attended. However, because the invitation was secret to avoid a scandal for inviting his rivals to this ceremony, Moctezuma ordered that no one should know that the lords were present, not even the rulers of Tlacopan (today known as Tacuba) and Texcoco, and the lords saw themselves often forced to pretend to be organizers to avoid confusion. Though Moctezuma would continue to hold meetings with these people, where various religious rituals were held, it did not take long for large-scale conflicts to erupt between these nations. An important thing to note

5670-481: Was also Nezahualcóyotl 's grandson; he was a son of emperor Axayácatl and one of Nezahualcóyotl's daughters, Izelcoatzin or Xochicueyetl. Two of his uncles were Tízoc and Ahuizotl , the two previous emperors. As was customary among Mexica nobles, Moctezuma was educated in the Calmecac , the educational institution for the nobility. He would have been enrolled into the institution at a very early age, likely at

5751-539: Was being paid, national laws were being upheld and served as local judges in case of disagreement. Moctezuma's reign began with difficulties. In the year 1505, a major drought resulted in widespread crop failure , and thus a large portion of the population of central Mexico began to starve. One of the few places in the empire not affected by this drought was Totonacapan , and many people from Tenochtitlan and Tlatelolco sought refuge in this region to avoid starvation. Large amounts of maize were brought from this area to aid

5832-403: Was built for the lords of Tlacopan and Texcoco, the other two members of the Triple Alliance, who came to visit. The other room was for the lords of Colhuacan , Tenayohcan (today known as Tenayuca ) and Chicuhnautlan (today, Santa María Chiconautla  [ es ] ). The exact reason why this room had this purpose remains uncertain, though a few records like Codex Mendoza say the reason

5913-574: Was burnt and destroyed, along with many other constructions, in the year 1521 during the Siege of Tenochtitlan , as the Spanish captain Hernán Cortés ordered for many of the buildings that formed part of the royal palaces to be burnt to demoralize the Mexica army and civilians. Though Cortés himself admitted that he enjoyed the zoo, he stated that he saw it as a necessary measure in his third letter to King Charles I of Spain . Another construction

5994-478: Was done in honor of his coronation, was the violent suppression of a rebellion in Nopala and Icpatepec. For this war, a force of over 60,000 soldiers from Tenochtitlan, Texcoco, Tepanec lands, Chalco , and Xochimilco participated, and Moctezuma himself went to the frontlines. Approximately 5100 prisoners were taken after the campaign, many of whom were given to inhabitants of Tenochtitlan and Chalco as slaves, while

6075-479: Was killed after trying to start the rebellion. In this campaign, all adults above the age of 50 within the city were killed under Moctezuma's orders as he blamed them for the rebellion. A characteristic fact about Moctezuma's wars was that a large portion of them had the purpose of suppressing rebellions rather than conquering new territory, contrary to his predecessors, whose main focus was territorial expansion. During his reign, multiple rebellions were suppressed by

6156-539: Was launched (as mentioned previously) in 1507 against Tototepec, which had previously been a territory conquered by Tlachinollan in the mid-14th century. The campaign in Tototepec occurred as the result of a large group of Mexica merchants sent by Moctezuma being killed after they attempted to trade for some of the resources of the area on his behalf. During the conquest of Tototepec, two important Mexica noblemen, Ixtlilcuechahuac and Huitzilihuitzin (not to be confused with

6237-598: Was supposedly taken to Tenochtitlan. The second conquest occurred in Zozollan, a place neighboring east of Achiutla, on 28 May 1506, during the campaign against the Yanhuitlan rebellion. This conquest had a particularly violent result, as a special sacrifice was held after the campaign where the prisoners captured in Zozollan were the victims. "The Mexicans killed many of the people from Zozola [ sic ] which they captured in war", according to old sources. In

6318-409: Was that these lords were personal friends of Moctezuma. There was also another room which became known as Casa Denegrida de Moctezuma (Spanish: Moctezuma's Black House), a room with no windows and fully painted black which was used by Moctezuma to meditate . Remains of this room have been found in recent years in modern Mexico City . The upper floor had a large courtyard which was likely used as

6399-608: Was the Chapultepec aqueduct , built in 1506 to bring fresh water directly from Chapultepec to Tenochtitlan and Tlatelolco. This water was driven to the merchant ports of the city for people to drink and to the temples. This aqueduct was destroyed less than a year after Moctezuma's death, during the Siege of Tenochtitlan in 1521, as the Spaniards decided to destroy it to cut Tenochtitlan's water supply. Some Mexica warriors attempted to resist its destruction, but were repelled by

6480-513: Was the great-grandson of Moctezuma I through his daughter Atotoztli II and her husband Huehue Tezozómoc (not to be confused with the Tepanec leader ). According to some sources, Tezozómoc was the son of emperor Itzcóatl , which would make Moctezuma his great-grandson, but other sources claim that Tezozómoc was Chimalpopoca 's son, thus nephew of Itzcóatl, and a lord in Ecatepec . Moctezuma

6561-542: Was the ninth Emperor of the Aztec Empire (also known as the Mexica Empire ), reigning from 1502 or 1503 to 1520. Through his marriage with Queen Tlapalizquixochtzin of Ecatepec , one of his two wives, he was also king consort of that altepetl . The first contact between the indigenous civilizations of Mesoamerica and Europeans took place during his reign. He was killed during the initial stages of

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