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56-436: One's Hour Marker, or Lagna, is the degree of the rāśi (or sign) and nakshatra (or constellation) specifically the nakshatra pada (also known as the division of a constellation into 4 different parts) which is either rising on the eastern horizon ( Udaya Lagna ) or setting in the western horizon ( Godhuli Lagna ) depending on the sunrise or sunset astrological tradition at the time of one's birth. The Most Effective Point (MEP) of

112-402: A Brahmin last name. In Carnatic music , "Rishi" is the seventh chakra (group) of Melakarta ragas . The names of chakras are based on the numbers associated with each name. In this case, there are seven rishis and hence the 7th chakra is "Rishi". The descendant families of these Rishis, refer to their ancestral lineage through their family " gotra ". This is a common practice among

168-538: A committee was appointed by the Government of India with experts in the field drawn from various parts of the country who were involved with preparation of Panchāngam in local languages to draw up a reliable Panchāngam in which the mathematical calculations provides the positions of grahas (the planets ) and nakshatras ( constellations ) in the sky as they are observed. Thus, the Government of India has prepared

224-651: A connection to ṛṣ "pour, flow" ( PIE *h 1 ers ), rather one with German rasen "to be ecstatic, be in a different state of mind" (and perhaps Lithuanian aršus ). In the Vedas , the word denotes an inspired poet of Vedic hymns. In particular, Ṛṣi refers to the authors of the hymns of the Rigveda . Some of the earliest lists of Rishi are found in Jaiminiya Brahmana verse 2.218 and Brihadaranyaka Upanishad verse 2.2.4. Post-Vedic tradition regards

280-512: A person just by their appearance as you never know what they are from the bottom of their heart (only Lagna's Rasi and Nakshatra can define a person in this case). This is also akin to the quality and characteristics of the moon that only reflects and imitates the light of the sun during the night. 2. Its importance only arises when you want to calculate the Mahadasha and Vimshottari Dasha of an individual's chart. The results obtained from each of

336-633: A sign or the Julian calendar of starting the year from the first of January, but the most widely accepted practice in India is the Samvatsara, a 60 years cycle based on solar entry. Each zodiacal sign is represented by five years starting from Pramadi and the sixty years are equally distributed in successive order among the twelve signs (Rasis) starting from Mesha (Aries) and ending in Meena (Pisces). Varsha or

392-491: Is a Hindu calendar and almanac , which follows traditional units of Hindu timekeeping, and presents important dates and their calculations in a tabulated form. It is sometimes spelled Panchāngamu, Pancanga , Panchanga , Panchaanga , or Panchānga , and is often pronounced Panchāng . Panchangas are used in Jyotisha ( Jyotiṣa ) (Indian astrology). In Nepal and Eastern India, including Assam , Bengal and Odisha ,

448-413: Is a mirror of the sky. The document used as Panchāngam has evolved over the last 5000 years. The theories propounded in the two scriptures, Surya Siddhanta and Grahalaghava formed the basis for the plethora of calendars or Panchāngas in the past in different regions of the country - a culturally complex system. The five Angas or parts of Panchāngam are elaborated in the following paragraphs but before that

504-631: Is also known as "Pada". Ārūḍha literally means "mount" and refers to the IMAGE of a sign falling on another due to "reflection of the rays emanating from it and being reflected by its lord. Keeping the reflection in view, the Kāraka (Significator) can be taken to be the Moon. Count from a sign to its lord. Then count as many signs from the lord to arrive at the ĀRŪḌHA PADA. For example, if the Lagna Lord (Lagneśa)

560-454: Is born while Earth is facing different raasi and nakshatra. Thus, lagnam of a person is the raasi and nakshatra faced by the part of the Earth surface on which he is born. Fix a point on the surface of Earth. Note that the point will face all the 12 segments (raasis) of celestial sky, and also the 27 different nakshatra's while the earth spins on its axis. Since the raasis are 30 degree segment,

616-590: Is followed in Muhurtha astrology, Horary astrology and predictive astrology, which envisages grouping of Nakshtaras (stars) into nine sub-groups. Each sub-group covers three stars and has a specific name of ‘Tara’ proceeded by a word defining benefic or malefic nature. These are found to be extremely useful in Vedic astrology which is widely practiced in India. The nine taras (star groups) by their individual names are listed below. The basic purpose of Hindu Panchāngam

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672-488: Is fundamental. In addition favourable transits, purified ascendant, absence of malefic yogas, favourable Dasha (Hindu progression), name of doer, propitiations, chanting of Mantras, place of activity, social customs, omens, mode of breathing are also examined. Rishi In Indian religions , a rishi ( Sanskrit : ऋषि IAST : ṛṣi ) is an accomplished and enlightened person. They find mention in various Vedic texts . Rishis are believed to have composed hymns of

728-526: Is held to be reliable, because other elements are not so difficult to compute due to their slow rates of change. There are three popular meanings of panchāngam: In Vedic astrology, the basic tenet of astrology was integrated with celestial events and thus was born various branches of Vedic astrology and the Panchānga. In simple terms, "Panchānga" means the Day, Nakshatra (Star), tithi, Yoga and Karana every day. It

784-506: Is in the fifth house, then count five signs from the Lagneśa to arrive at the ninth house. This ninth house becomes the Ārūḍha Pada for the Lagna. Exception: The Ārūḍha Pada cannot be in the same sign or the seventh from it. In case this happens, then choose the tenth house therefrom. For example, if the Lagneśa is in the 4th house, then the Ārūḍha Lagna should be in the 4th from the 4th house i.e.

840-639: Is necessary to know the terminology used in the Panchāngam for different time slots of the day. Panchāngas are also published in English as Ephemeris - The Lahiris Ephemeris is most widely used, which gives all the details as contained in a traditional Panchāngam published in Sanskrit or Hindi and all the regional languages of the country. There are several forms of reckoning the varsha or year based on solar entry (solar ingress), lunar entry , Jupiter entry in

896-464: Is one, Vishvavijaya Panchāngam , that covers 100 years. The theories propounded in the two scriptures, Surya Siddhanta and Grahalaghava formed the basis for the myriad calendars or Panchāngas in the past in different regions of India. The Grahalaghava was compiled about 600 years ago and Surya Siddhanta was available long before that. These had become outdated and did not tally with actual astronomical events and did not tally with each other. Hence,

952-399: Is the lunar months (full moon reckoned), which are reckoned in predictive astrology, and each represents the name of the star on full moon day of the solar months. The twelve lunar months starting from Chaitra along with the names of the solar months are given below. In Vedic astrology, the basic tenets of astrology were integrated with celestial events with vara or weekday and thus was born

1008-564: Is to check various Hindu festivals and auspicious time (election- Muhurta). In the Hindu system of election, various element of Panchāngam constitute auspicious and inauspicious moments (Yogas) by combination of weekday-Tithi, weekday-constellation, weekdays-Tithis-constellations. In addition, individual weekdays, Tithis, constellations, Yoga and Karanas have been prescribed for specific activities which fructify during their currency. For selecting an auspicious moment Panchāngam Shuddhi (purified-time)

1064-651: The Buddhist Jataka scriptures , this Ruesi is mentioned as the bodhisatta and practiced his ascetism in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia . Veneration of Ruesis is a notable practice in Southeast Asian Buddhism . The name "Rishi" (pronounced "ruesi") is also the basis of one of the letters of the Thai alphabet , so reu-si ( Thai : ษ ฤๅษี ). Rishi is also a male given name , and less commonly

1120-680: The Buddhist texts . In Pali , they are known as "Isi"s. A Rishi can also be called a Buddha, Paccekabuddha, Arhat or monk of high rank. In Buddhist Pali literature , Buddha is called many times as "Mahesi"(Pali; Sanskrit: Maharṣi; meaning the greatest sage). The Isigili Sutta in Pali Canon , mentions the name of Five hundred Rishis (Paccekabuddhas). The Buddhist text, Mahamayuri Tantra , written during 1–3rd centuries CE, mentions Rishis throughout Jambudvipa (modern day India , Pakistan , Afghanistan , Bangladesh , Nepal ) and invokes them for

1176-468: The Chandra Lagna only to see from the perspective of what one desires from his or her mind since the Moon's position is the reflection of the mind among planets. The Lagna of a person always changes in about an average of 2 hours which makes the Lagna the fastest in movement and the second position goes to the Moon. 1 day is equal to 24 hours and the Lagna successfully completes a rotation around

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1232-656: The National Panchānga or the Indian national calendar in 1957 (was proposed by Meghnad Saha and Lahiri in 1952), which is used in predictive astrology . The Lahiris Ephemeris published annually is the most widely used English almanac in Vedic astrology, many Panchāngas are published in local languages, which are mostly based on the National Panchānga. The[Bangalore press publishes Mallige Panchanga Darshini calendar every year Accuracy of attributes depending upon

1288-505: The Vedas . The Post-Vedic tradition of Hinduism regards the rishis as "great yogis " or "sages" who after intense meditation ( tapas ) realized the supreme truth and eternal knowledge, which they composed into hymns. The term appears in Pali literature as Ishi; in Buddhism they can be either Buddhas , Paccekabuddhas , Arahats or a monk of high rank. According to Indian tradition,

1344-454: The 12 rashis within the 24 hours (an average of 2 hours for each rashi) which also means that the Lagna completes the 27 nakshatras and 108 nakshatra padas in a day. The calculation of the Lagna is usually based on the time and place of birth when the child that the doctor has delivered begins to show signs of life (crying) and might be difficult to calculate for those who never recorded their Birth Time and therefore most astrologers end up using

1400-471: The 12 zodiacs that begin with: While the nine planets resembles The Kalapurusha's (Inner Body Parts) that begins with: All of these are included in and as a single entity known as the Kalapurusha. As stated earlier, Sage Parashara have mentioned that the Lagna and the Lagna Lord resembles the Kalapurusha. Therefore, Sage Parashara had given a strong emphasis on the prime importance of the Lagna and also

1456-797: The 7th house. But since this is not allowed, the tenth from the 4th should be chosen. The tenth from the 4th house is the 1st house or the Lagna becomes the Ārūḍha Lagna also. Ārūḍha of 1st house is also called PADA LAGNA or ĀRŪḌHA LAGNA. Ārūḍha Lagna stands for "manifestation of self, in this Māyā (illusory) world". In this manner Ārūḍha Pada can be computed for all the houses. They are called Dhana Pada (2nd), Bhrātṛpada (3rd), Mātṛ Pada (4th), Mantrapada (5th), Śatrupada (6th), Dāra Pada (7th), Roga pada (8th), Bhāgyapada (9th), Rājyapada (10th), Lābhapada (11th) and Upapada (12th). Jaimini discussed Ārūḍha Lagna (AL) and Upapada (UL) extensively in his classical treatise. Panchanga Traditional A panchāngam ( Sanskrit : पञ्चाङ्गम् ; IAST : pañcāṅgam )

1512-537: The Hour Marker - Lagna, is that point of the zodiacal belt that coincides with the position of the horizon at the time of birth, for a given place of birth. This is more specifically called the Udaya Lagna to differentiate it from charts in which other points are used to determine the first house of the horoscope (see below.) The Udaya Lagna is the most important factor that plays an influential role within

1568-488: The Indo-European dictionary of Julius Pokorny connects the word to a PIE root *h 3 er-s meaning "rise, protrude", in the sense of "excellent" and thus cognate with Ṛta and right and Asha . In Sanskrit, forms of the root rish become arsh- in many words, (e.g., arsh ) Modern etymological explanations such as by Manfred Mayrhofer in his Etymological Dictionary leave the case open, and do not prefer

1624-469: The Lagna Lord. So it is important for an Individual not to ignore the position of their Lagna's (Rasi & Nakshatra) because it represents individuality, character, behavior, attitude, intelligence, personality, etc. To sum up the Lagna (Lagna's Rasi & Nakshatra) is the Atman (Soul) of the individual person whereas the Lagna Lord and its (Rashi & Nakshatra) represents the single most important planet in

1680-450: The Mahadasha and Vimshottari Dasha are to be taken from the Lagna respectively. Each planet has its own Mahadasha period (also called as planets mahadasha period), and it can last for several years. The Mahadasha period of each planet has a different effect on a person’s life. 3. The Moon takes about 2 1/4 days to 2 1/2 days to complete 1 Rashi and almost 1 day to complete 1 Nakshatra so it will be very common to see many people being born in

1736-443: The Moon's motions were considered most crucial for the reliability of a panchāngam, because the Moon is the fastest among all heavenly entities shown in traditional panchāngas. Tithi, Nakshatra, Rāśi, Yoga, and Karana depend upon Moon's motions, which are five in number. Panchānga is a Sanskrit word, literally meaning "having five limbs". If these five limbs, for example, the five attributes depending upon Moon, are accurate, an almanac

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1792-517: The Moon's rashi and nakshatra which is always termed and generally taken as the Janma Rashi and Janma Nakshatra. At the time of birth, the zodiac sign rising on the east of the birth place is known as Udaya Lagna whereas the zodiac sign setting in the west of the birth place is known as Godhuli Lagna. Both is also known as Janma Lagna depending on the astrological tradition [whether the day starts and ends at sunrise (known as Udaya Lagna) or whether

1848-529: The Moon's rasi and nakshatra are used to see marriage compatibility between a boy and a girl because it's easy to locate the position of the moon based on the Panchanga but each and every individual must know the following: The matching based on the Moon's Rasi and Nakshatra will not be very accurate. That is because the accuracy is not more than 10% and so it is advised to always look at the Lagna's (Rasi & Nakshatra) for Marriage Matchmaking (which increases

1904-514: The Muhurtha astrology or electional astrology. Tithi or Lunar day is an important concept in Hindu astrology. It means lunation. There are thirty tithis in a Lunar month distributed in the 360 degrees of the Zodiac and each tithi is completed when the longitude of the Moon gains exactly twelve degrees or its multiple on that of the Sun. By name there are only 15 tithis repeating in the two halves of

1960-652: The Panchangam is referred to as Panjika , and in the Mithila region, it is known as Maithili Panchang or Patra. Panchāngams are published in India by many authors, societies, academies, and universities. Different publications differ only minutely, at least for a casual or not yet trained reader. They forecast celestial phenomena such as solar eclipses , forecasting weather (rain, dry spells) as well as more mundane occurrences. The study of Panchāngams involves understanding Rasi phala (also pronounced 'Rashi phala'),

2016-900: The Rishis as "sages" or saints , constituting a peculiar class of divine human beings in the early mythical system, as distinct from Asuras , Devas and mortal men. Swami Vivekananda described "Rishi"s as Mantra-drashtas or "the seers of thought". He told— "The truth came to the Rishis of India — the Mantra-drashtâs, the seers of thought — and will come to all Rishis in the future, not to talkers, not to book-swallowers, not to scholars, not to philologists, but to seers of thought." The Rig Veda mentions female rishikas such as Romasha, Lopamudra , Apala , Kadru , Visvavara, Ghosha , Juhu, Vagambhrini, Paulomi, Yami , Indrani , Savitri and Devayani . The Sama Veda adds Nodha, Akrishtabhasha, Sikatanivavari and Gaupayana. In Mahabharata 12, on

2072-628: The accuracy to about 50%). The other 40% of marriage matchmaking is known as Jathagam Porutham (Matching of the Birth Chart and also the Navamsa Chart of both boy and girl) which is equally important together with reference to the Lagna and that will include all the planetary positions, Naga Dosham and Kala Sarpa Dosham (Position of Rahu-Ketu), Kalathra Dosham or Mangalya Dosham [Position of (Mars-for both), (Venus-for boy) and (Jupiter-for girl), etc. that needs to be taken into account to fulfil

2128-547: The composition of the Samvatsara OR Years (60 Years cycle), Varsha or Year and Masa or month are first explained, as these important calendar events are part of every Panchānga. All the components of Panchangam are relevant in Predictive Astrology, Prasna Shastra (electional astrology), etc. All followers and practitioners of Vedic astrology must know how to read a Panchāngam and in this context it

2184-510: The day starts and ends at sunset (known as Godhuli Lagna)]. The Moon's rashi and nakshatra does not give an accurate and acute reading of a person's character and so it is to be taken as third importance only after Lagna's and Lagnathipathi/Lagna Lord's (Rashi & Nakshatra) because: 1. As mentioned above the Moon represents the Mind and also the Moon's Rasi and Nakshatra represents a mirror image of an individual person whereby you can never judge

2240-454: The definition of lagnam is related to an individual time and place of birth. This is to differentiate between two persons born on the same day but at different places (or different longitudinal divisions) or two persons born on same day, same place but at different time of the day. In modern terms this is to differentiate people born on the same day but at different time zones. Thus, a person born on same day but in different longitudinal division

2296-407: The first house of the horoscope, and the enumeration of the other houses follows in sequence through the rest of the signs of the zodiac. In this way, the Lagna does not only delineate the rising sign, but also all the other houses in the chart. The division of lagnam is same as raasi (1 raasi has 9 nakshatra padas). It is the same twelve division of a complete day each of duration two hours. However,

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2352-409: The great (Sanskrit-to-Sanskrit) dictionary named "ṛṣati jñānena saṃsāra-pāram" (i.e., "one who reaches beyond this mundane world by means of spiritual knowledge"). Before Monier-Williams' work was published, Yāska suggested it came from "drish" and quotes Aupamanyava to support his opinion. However, the root has a close Avestan cognate ərəšiš "an ecstatic " (see also Yurodivy , Vates ). Yet

2408-491: The horoscope and also how and where are you going to utilize all of the aforementioned qualities obtained from the Lagna to focus and succeed your ambition and motive in your life. In addition, the ṛṣi Parāśara mentioned a few other special Hour Marker or Viśeṣa Lagna. to be used in special circumstances, including: Lastly, there are some Lagnas which are determined by factors outside the chart, and are used for electional and horary charts. These are: The term Ārūḍha Pada

2464-428: The impact of the signs of the zodiac on the individual. Astrologers consult the Panchāngam to set auspicious dates for weddings , corporate mergers, and other activities as per their religion. The casting of a Panchāngam involves elaborate mathematical work involving high level of spherical geometry and sound understanding of astronomical phenomena, such as sidereal movements of celestial bodies. However, in practice

2520-479: The month – Shukla 1 to Shukla 15 (known as Poornima or Full Moon) and Krishna 1 to 15 (known as Amavasya or New Moon). In astrological parlance tithi has great significance in the fact that each tithi from 1 to 14 in both Pakshas has what are called daghda rasis or burnt rasis – two rasis for each tithi except Chaturdasiwhich has four daghda rasis. But new moon and full moon have no dagdha rasis. The tithis are divided into five groups as under. A unique Vedic system

2576-423: The natal chart. This Udaya Lagna also frequently referred to as Lagna will show what is the reality that will happen to a person in his real life and also the characteristics of that Lagna's Rasi and Nakshatra will be impressed upon the person or event being born affecting his character, behaviour, personality and also individuality in a very influential way. This sign known as the Udaya Lagna can be considered

2632-402: The other 40% requirement. The Chandra Lagna chart, which is also another way used to analyze the horoscope, is a chart in which the Moon's zodiac sign is used to calculate the Lagna (see Rasi Lagna and Surya Lagna below). The enumeration of the other houses are made starting from the new Lagna obtained and continuing in sequence throughout the rest of the zodiac signs. The astrologer will use

2688-842: The other hand, there is the post-Vedic list of Marīci , Atri , Angiras , Pulaha , Kratu , Pulastya and Vashista . The Mahābhārata list explicitly refers to the saptarshis of the first manvantara and not to those of the present manvantara. Each manvantara had a unique set of saptarshi. In Harivamsha 417ff, the names of the Rishis of each manvantara are enumerated. In addition to the Sapta rṣi , there are other classifications of sages. In descending order of precedence, they are Brahmarshi , Maharshi , Rajarshi . Deva rṣi , Param rṣi , Shruta rṣi and Kānda rṣi are added in Manusmriti iv-94 and xi-236 and in two dramas of Kālidasa. The Chaturvarga-Chintāmani of Hemādri puts ' riṣi ' at

2744-410: The point will take 2 hours (or 5 nazhigais or 2.5 muhurtam) to move from one raasi to other. A day is divided in to 12 lagnams or ascendant with each lagnam of two-hour duration. A person's lagnam is the lagnam on which he is born on a given day of the given place. Next, another Lagna used in astrology, which is the rāśi (or sign) and nakshatra (constellation) in which the moon is found at birth. Usually

2800-694: The protection of the Buddhadharma . Many Jatakas also mentions various Rishis. The Naḷinikā Jātaka (Jā 526) introduces a past life of the Buddha , a Rishi(Isi), living alone in the Himālayas. His son, who was also a Rishi, was named Isisiṅga ( Pali ; Sanskrit: Ṛṣyaśṛṅga ). The Agastya Jataka (Sanskrit; Pali: Akitta Jataka) story, mentions Bodhisattva , named Agastya(Sanskrit; Pali: Akkhata) as Rishi. Most medieval era Hindu temples of Java , Indonesia show Rishi Agastya statues or reliefs, usually guarding

2856-462: The same nakshatra but when you come across these people in real life (twins as an example) you'll be surprised to notice that they're not the same in character even though they're born in the same Nakshatra. This difference will arise when their Lagna's positions (Rashi, Nakshatra and Nakshatra padas) changes. Therefore the purpose of the whole birth chart of the individual person also changes. Kalapurusha's Head to Feet (Exterior Body Parts) represents

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2912-446: The seventh place in the eightfold division of Brāhmanas. Amarakosha (the famous Sanskrit synonym lexicon compiled by Amarasimha) mentions seven types of riṣi s : Shrutarshi, Kāndarshi, Paramarshi, Maharshi, Rājarshi, Brahmarshi and Devarshi. Amarakosha strictly distinguishes Rishi from other types of sages, such as sanyāsi, bhikṣu , parivrājaka, tapasvi, muni, brahmachāri, yati, etc. The term Rishi found mentions throughout

2968-670: The southern side of Shaivite temples. Some examples include Candi Sambisari and the Prambanan temple near Yogyakarta . Ruesi (Sanskrit: ṛṣi , Khmer : តាឥសី , Thai : ฤๅษี , Lao : ລືສີ ) is a hermit sage , the equivalent of Rishi in India . In Myanmar , there are some known as ရေသ့ Rase . Rishi Akkhata(Pali; Sanskrit: Agastya), known as Phra Reusi Akkhot in Thailand , is an important Ruesi in Southeast Asia , as in

3024-504: The tabulation is done on the basis of short-cut formulations as propounded by ancient Vedic sages and scholars. A typical Panchāngam may state tabulations of positions of Sun , Moon , and other planets for every day of the year on a fixed place (longitude, latitude) and time of day (in 24-hour format IST). The users calculate the remaining data using their relative difference from this fixed place and time. There are several panchāngas that contain information for more than one year. There

3080-524: The word may be derived from two different meanings of the root 'rsh' ( ṛṣ ). Sanskrit grammarians derive this word from the second meaning: "to go, to move". V. S. Apte gives this particular meaning and derivation, and Monier-Williams also gives the same, with some qualification. Another form of this root means "to flow, to move near by flowing". (All the meanings and derivations cited above are based upon Sanskrit English Dictionary of Monier-Williams). Monier-Williams also quotes Tārānātha who compiled

3136-537: The year, used in astrological context refers to the solar calendar of year and months, which starts with Sun entering Aries (Mesha Rasi) and completing a full circle of the zodiac in a period of twelve months. There are two kinds of lunar months followed in India - the new moon ending called the Amanta or Sukladi system and the full moon ending (covering one full moon to the next) called the Purnimanta system. But it

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