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114-397: Le Lido was preceded by an artificial beach in a townhouse basement in the 1920s, running as a nightclub/casino in the late night hours. Lido , founded in 1928, at 78 Avenue des Champs-Élysées, by Francisque Chaux (1851-1949), with entertainment, aquatic shows and bathing, with interior design by René Berger, and inspired by Venice Lido beach. In 1933, following a compulsory liquidation,

228-550: A Macau -based show entitled The House of Dancing Water in the City of Dreams . The House of Dancing Water is the largest aquatic production in the world, and was developed by Dragone in Belgium over 19 months, with the permanent theater taking five years to build. It features around 70 artists, some from Dragone's previous creations with Cirque du Soleil, performing dance , swimming and acrobatics . The House of Dancing Water

342-640: A Fort, Legacy of a Nation , a show that ran from 28 February through 9 March 2013 as the centrepiece event of the Qasr al-Hosn festival in Abu Dhabi . The show celebrated Emirati history with technology, acrobatics, and traditional Emirati dance and music . In 2014, Dragone opened The Han Show in Wuhan , China , celebrating the essence of the Han culture . The Han Show Theater, designed by Mark Fisher and inspired by

456-723: A Lido première . In 1977, Le Lido moved to the UGC Normandie  [ fr ] on the Champs-Élysées . "In 1978 the huge space under (UGC Normandie) the theatre’s former circle and stage were transformed into the Lido cabaret (1,200 seats) sharing the same entrance." In 2006, Sodexo , the international food service company, purchased Le Lido and invested 24 million euro into developing its show. 27 revues were created between 20 June 1946 and 2 April 2015. The hotel group Accor bought Le Lido in 2021 and dismissed most of

570-643: A battle against the emperor Byzantine Emmanuel Kommenos who had the Venetians in Constantinople arrested. The fleet was defeated more by the plague that the Byzantines, who were joined by the rival maritime republics of Genoa and Pisa . In 1202 the crusaders of the fourth crusade gathered at Lido in preparation to be taken to the East by Venetian ships. In 1690 Francesco Morosini set off for a campaign in

684-458: A boulevard to connect Piazzale Santa Maria Elisabetta to San Nicolò started in 1905. An aquarium was opened next to the theatre in 1909. Both were later demolished. Franco Dragone Franco Dragone (12 December 1952 – 30 September 2022) was an Italian-born Belgian theatre director. He was the founder and artistic director of Dragone , a creative company specializing in the creation of large-scale theatre shows. According to CNN , Dragone

798-496: A common language of "emotional archetypes" in his theatrical productions. According to Dragone, the influence of various painters and the theorist Antonin Artaud pushed him toward a "concrete language intended for the senses", with the use of poetic visuals replacing the poetry of language. Dragone objected to comparisons of his work to Salvador Dalí or Federico Fellini , noting that he traveled frequently and had been influenced by

912-480: A doctor at Venice's hospital, believed that bathing in the lagoon had therapeutic benefits for nervous illnesses, scrofulosis, rickets and skin disorders. In 1833 he set up a floating bathing facility at Punta della Dogana , opposite St Mark's . It consisted of two big rafts which created a pool with a grate at the bottom and which could be reassembled in the summer. There was a café and one could sunbathe. The idea of bathing therapy caught on. Gondolas were adapted for

1026-490: A great many painters. In his search to "make the invisible visible" with his theater, he cited the director Peter Brook as an influence adding, "With time and experience I evolve. I see things differently, so I want my next show to be impacted by these changes. I want every project to be a unique experience for the spectators, and every next project to be a new stage of my own development as an artist." His shows are typically large in scale. For example La Perle , showcased in

1140-414: A greater depth to allow big ships through. The Malamocco inlet is the deepest one and is used by container ships and oil tankers to reach the commercial and industrial port of Marghera . The Lido inlet is the widest one (c.1 km) and is used by cruise ships to reach Venice. Lido is a long and narrow island which gets wider in its northern tract. At least half the seaward coast has sandy beaches. Much of

1254-452: A half. Two shows were run every day of the week. A pre-show dinner, featuring a robotic orchestra, was offered with the first evening show of each day at an additional cost. In spring 2015, Franco Dragone created a new show for Le Lido titled Paris Merveilles . "Currently (30 November 2016) about 60 girls appear on stage each night: 44 girls both topless and clothed (known as nudes and Bluebells) and 16 Kelly Boys. Roughly half are French;

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1368-467: A leisure activity as well as a therapeutic one. This idea was expounded by Paolo Mantegazza, a doctor who wrote about beaches and the sea as collective salons where people could rest and have fun. The group planned more resorts and the urban development of the area between the landing stage of the lagoon side and the sea beach. This area came to be called Santa Maria Elisabetta. The project involved substantial land improvements and drainage on an island which

1482-516: A military role until WW II. Prior to the 19th century it was also a scarcely populated island. In 1820 Lido has 814 inhabitants, 662 of whom lived in Malamocco, and 152 lived in San Nicolò. In 600 a lookout tower was built at San Nicolò, at the northern end of Lido, on its lagoon side shore, to monitor enemy ships, particularly pirate ships, approaching the lagoon at the Lido inlet. In 1100 it

1596-735: A new musical based on Prosper Mérimée 's novella Carmen , which premiered at the La Jolla Playhouse . He also worked on an adaption of the Divine Comedy with composer Ennio Morricone . Franco Dragone was in charge of the opening ceremony show for the 2010 South American Games that took place in Medellín , Colombia on 19 March 2010. The main themes of the show were inspired by Medellin's culture, business and geography. In 2010, building on his previous experience using aquatic stages in O and Le Rêve , Dragone directed

1710-638: A new theater of the same name, his first permanent show in the Middle East, included stunts such as "performers flying across the stage at 15 kilometers an hour before diving from heights of 25 meters into the 860-square-meter pool and seemingly disappearing, only to return from land seconds later." The show aimed to "capture of essence of Dubai" by contrasting opposing elements, such as water and desert, tradition and modernity. It also features traditional pearl diving themes. The show cost $ 400 million to create with 450 performances held per year. According to CNN,

1824-462: A plot of land at Lido, intending it to have his holiday home there. From 1879 queen Margherita of Savoy took her sickly son Victor Emmanuel III , the heir to the throne of the Kingdom of Italy on holiday at Lido, at the sea bathing facility of La Favorita. A royal chalet was arranged for her. In those days there was the belief that sea bathing had a curative or therapeutic value. Tommaso Rima,

1938-575: A regular time table with services every half an hour between 6 am and 12 pm was introduced. It entered into operation in 1882. In 1898 the Municipality of Venice took over the Grand Viale Santa Maria Elisabetta and widened it to 17 m to allow for a single-track horse-drawn tramway. The Bathing Resort Society was given permission to set this up in 1889 s up. It replaced the omnibus. 1885 a low-cost bathing resort for

2052-472: A result, the Catholic cemetery lies between the old and new Jewish cemeteries. The accumulation of sand carried by the sea at the Malamocco and Lido inlets made their navigability problematic. During second Napoleonic occupation (1806–14), it was decided to build breakwaters on the southern and northern shore of the Malamocco inlet. The latter was to be built at Alberoni, on the southern tip of Lido. However,

2166-624: A series of imports of Parisian cabaret shows to Las Vegas: Folies Bergère to the Tropicana , Nouvelle Eve to Hotel El Rancho Vegas and Casino de Paris to the Dunes . The Stardust edition of Le Lido closed in 1992. Between 1955 and 1960, the twin sisters, Alice and Ellen Kessler performed at The Lido. Leila and Valerie Croft, of Victoria, London, identical twins, also performed at The Lido. In December 1964, Paris Match photographed Elizabeth Taylor , Aristotle Onassis and Claude Pompidou at

2280-561: A sort of precursor of today's marines. In 1571 it was decided to build octagonal forts for artillery batteries on islets off the lagoon side shore of Lido. They were the Ottagono Campana (later called Abbandonato, abandoned octagon), between Malamocco and Alberoni (off the southern end of the Lido island) and the Ottagono Alberoni, by Alberoni and the northern end of the Malamocco inlet, the other point of access into

2394-413: A summer shuttle service to and from Venice was set up. It consisted of large boats with four oarsmen which could carry 16 passengers. In 1858 the road from the church of Santa Maria Elisabetta, which was by the landing stage in the lagoon coast and lead to the seacoast, was widened and made suitable for vehicle traffic. It eventually came to be called Gran Viale Santa Maria Elisabetta (or just Gran Viale). It

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2508-633: Is an 11-kilometre-long (7-mile) barrier island in the Venetian Lagoon , Northern Italy ; it is home to about 20,400 residents. The Venice Film Festival takes place at the Lido in late August/early September. The Lido island is one of the two barrier islands of the Lagoon of Venice; the other is Pellestrina . They form the central part of the coastline of the lagoon on the Adriatic Sea . The peninsula of Cavallino /Punta Sabbioni forms

2622-466: Is on the lagoon side coast, in the central-southern part of the island. From the 12th century to the 19th century it was the only significant settlement on the island. It was built after the settlement of Metamaucum, which had been the second capital of the Duchy of Venetia , was submerged by a storm surge. At the southern end of the island is Alberoni, an area of sand dunes. It has Venice's golf course and

2736-659: Is set in the 2000-seat Dancing Water Theater designed by Pei Partnership Architects . The 270-degree theater-in-the-round has a central stage with a diameter of approximately 25 meters (82 feet), surrounded by sloped seating on three sides. The theater arena has a 40-meter-high steel trussed space (30 meters clear) providing generous height to the show's display of acrobatics. The show, which incorporates various design elements such as fire, water effects, and atmospheric effects, premiered on 17 September 2010. In 2012, Dragone's new cabaret Taboo: The Show Naughty and Naughtier premiered at City of Dreams. On 29 March 2012, Dragone

2850-599: The Grand Hotel des Bains , the Hotel Excelsior. and the Hotel Ausonia & Hungaria which have hosted celebrities, artists and writers, major businessmen, politicians and royalty. The Gran Viale Santa Maria Elisabetta (27 m wide and c. 700 m long) crosses the town from coast to coast and links the water bus landing stage to the beach. The village of Malamocco (with a population of 1030 as of 2019)

2964-528: The Kremlin Palace on 16 March. In 2017, Dragone's show La Perle opened in Al Habtoor City , Dubai , in a custom-made 10-story theater. The show involved waterfalls, fires, motorcyclists spinning inside a suspended metal sphere, acrobatics into water, and other features. Preparing La Perle took Dragone four to five years, and during its first year he "continually tweaked and improved"

3078-560: The Lagoon of Venice meets the Adriatic Sea , the doge took a golden ring which pope Alexander III had donated him. He then threw it into the sea. It was attached to a string so that it can be retrieved. The doge then recited "We marry thee, oh sea, in a sign of eternal domination." The ceremony ended in 1797 when the Republic fell with its conquest by Napoleon. It was performed on the first Sunday after ascension day . The ceremony and fête

3192-623: The Lombard League , a league formed by several cities, fought him. Frederick was defeated at the Battle of Legnano in 1176. Preliminary peace negotiations took place at Anagni (the Peace of Anagni) in 1176. Negotiations involving all the concerned parties to reach a formal peace treaty took place in Venice where a conference was scheduled for July 1177. The doge Sebastiano Ziani (1172–78)

3306-530: The Norman Kingdom of Sicily in the south. However, his intervention in Italy was opposed by several Italian cities, particularly Milan , which he had partially destroyed during his second campaign. A dispute with Pope Alexander III (1159-1181) developed because Frederick endorsed antipope Victor IV , who had been elected in opposition to Alexander. Opposition against Frederick in northern Italy grew and

3420-479: The Republic of Venice . The whole area became a c. 521 m long fortified citadel stretching along the lagoon coast with brick barriers and bastions, a dike and an earthen fore wall. It was later extended towards the sea with angular barriers, six gates and underground exits on the sea beach side, towards the entrance to the Lido inlet. Inside the new fortification there were the old San Nicolò church and its convent and

3534-524: The War of Chioggia (1379–80). In 1407 there was a bequest for the rebuilding of the monastery. The church was rebuilt with funds from the patriarch of Venice . The church merged with the San Camillo hospital in 1928 and was demolished to enlarge the hospital. In 1557 the parish church of Santa Maria Assunta church in Malamocco was rebuilt on top of old one, which dated to the 11th century. In 1620 there

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3648-732: The feature film soundtrack of 2020 Indian Tollywood (Telugu) film Ala Vaikunthapurramuloo featuring Allu Arjun , Pooja Hegde was made a shot in Lido De Paris The Bluebell Girls were featured in a 1960 episode of Close-Up , a Canadian TV show broadcast on the CBC Numerous clips of several of the shows of the last 20 years and even full videos of all the production numbers from some editions are available on YouTube. Venues: Theatre groups: Shows: Papers Images Venice Lido The Lido , or Venice Lido ( Italian : Lido di Venezia ),

3762-622: The Alberoni Dune Oasis which has one of the largest and best-preserved dune systems on the coasts of the Northern Adriatic Sea, with dunes up to 10 meters high, a large, c. 30 hectares , pine forest and unique species of flora and fauna. Metamaucum was one of the earliest settlements in the Lagoon of Venice . Its origins dated back to the Roman days. It became the second ducal seat of the duchy of Venetia (before

3876-596: The American novelist and poet, in 1857, and Hyppolyte Taine , the French critic and historian, in 1864. Henry James first arrived in Venice in 1869. He went to Lido 14 times. He wrote about Venice in some of his novels and one of them was set in Venice. The British poet and playwright Robert Browning went to Lido in 1888 and died in Venice nearly two months later. Frederick William , the Duke of Brunswick (1771-1815) bought

3990-539: The Benedictines moved to San Giorgio Maggiore island because a 1768 law closed confraternities with less than 12 monks or friars. The building became a military quarter. The church remained open for worship. In 1938 it was granted to Franciscan friars. The first record of the Abbey of San Leonardo between Alberoni and Malamocco dates to 1111. It was destroyed by fire, along with the whole of the Malamocco coast, during

4104-685: The Chioggia inlet, the third entry point of the lagoon. In 1572, 75 artillery were supplied for the San Nicolò fort and 56 for Sant’Andrea. San Nicolò was also where the soldiers and the ships for Venice's naval expeditions in the Adriatic Sea and the rest of the Mediterranean Sea gathered and set off from. Some of these were: In 1000 the doge Pietro II Orseolo (991-1099) set off for a mission to Istria and Dalmatia which freed

4218-489: The German poet and scientist, visited Lido and wrote about his experience there in this book about his journey in Italy. Lord Byron spent five years (1816–21) in Venice and liked to ride his horses at Lido from a hut he rented at Alberoni. In 1818 he was visited by Percy Bysshe Shelley . The two spent a couple of days at Lido. Shelley wrote a poem about this. Since Byron was a celebrity, this attracted tourists who hoped to meet

4332-502: The Gran Viale was introduced and from 1892 the Gran Viale had electric lighting during the tourist season. The number of tourists increased from 80,000 in 1872 to 160,000 in 1883. The Ospizio Marino (Sea Nursing Home) opened in 1870. It was a hospital for poor children who suffered from scrofulosis, which affected especially children form deprived backgrounds, who needed heliotherapy . Experiments conducted in 1842 indicated that what

4446-571: The League left Venice for Treviso in protest. The head of the Sicilian delegation threatened to leave and said that his king would take revenge on Venice breach of faith. This would have meant retaliation against Venetian traders in Sicily. The doge confirmed that Frederick would be allowed to enter Venice only after this received papal approval. This situation highlighted the danger of a breakdown in

4560-536: The Lido had a special place in the history of nightclubs and floorshows and continued a tradition of the "naughty but nice" opulent production shows originally started by the Folies Bergère. Founded by Margaret Kelly , also known as Miss Bluebell, the dancers of the Lido were known as the Bluebell Girls. Until her retirement in 1986, each dancer was selected by Kelly. The dancers were afterwards under

4674-412: The Lido was known for. The stage itself could be raised and lowered, change back and forth into an ice rink or swimming pool, and feature elaborate set pieces which came up from below. The closing number often featured a number called "Merci Beaucoup" (featured in the television show Shirley Maclaine at The Lido de Paris ) and usually had some particularly spectacular costumes. Among the last of its kind,

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4788-599: The Lido. ..."the early days, when exotic creatures graced the stage - tales of runaway chimps, spitting lamas, and camels left stranded on the footpath still trip off the tongues of the Lido's veterans"... In 1955, after a visit by the entertainment director of the Stardust Resort and Casino , Las Vegas, the Clérico brothers along with Donn Arden brought the Lido to the Stardust Las Vegas. This started

4902-418: The Lido. In 1946, Léon Volterra  [ fr ] sold to Joseph and Louis Clérico , On 20 June 1946, Le Lido with the new performance hall opened with a revue entitled Sans rimes ni raison . With the collaboration of Pierre-Louis Guérin and then René Fraday, the Lido developed a "dinner-show" formula. In 1948, Margaret Kelly , as “Miss Bluebell”, and her dance company, the “Bluebell Girls”, joined

5016-460: The Malamocco inlet has been effective in preventing sand accumulation and that the sand was stopped by the northern breakwater. It accumulated by it. The project was approved in 1871. The works started in 1882. The San Nicolò breakwater was the first that was built. The works on both was completed in 1910 with the construction of a 26 m high lighthouse at Punta Sabbioni. A theatre (Nuovo Teatro del Lido) which had 600 seats opened in 1892. A velodrome

5130-583: The Peace of Venice, it was replaced by the Sposalizio col Mare (Wedding with the Sea) . In this ceremony the doge sailed for Lido on the bucintoro (the doge's ceremonial ship) with the top clergy, the top officials of the Republic of Venice and ambassadors. This was followed by a large number of Venetians on various kinds of vessels. It was a festive parade. Between Lido and the Sant'Andrea fort (see above), where

5244-532: The Peloponnese. He was elected as doge while away. He was met at Lido by the abbot while the senators waited for him of the bucintoro , the ceremonial boat of the doge. In 1784 there was a punitive expedition against the Barbary pirates. The emperor Frederick I, Barbarossa (reigned 1155-1190) conducted six military campaigns in Italy, which was under his Holy Roman Empire . Originally he wanted to confront

5358-470: The Sant’Andrea fort. Between 1546 and 1574 Castel Novo at San Nicolò was developed into the San Nicolò fort. Between 1569 and 1574 the latter was strengthened with a triple ditch. Artillery was placed on the seaward side. There were no batteries on the lagoon side in case the fortress was seized and the cannons would be used against the Sant’Andrea fort. The fort became a complex with the military headquarter of

5472-490: The adjacent Palazzo dei dieci/Casa Rossa at the back. In 1572 an Istrian stone bridge that looked like a triumphal arch over the dock was built to provide access to the citadel. Large barracks for the troops, known as Saraglio, Quartier Grando or Palazzo dei Soldati (Stronghold, Large Quarters or Building of the Soldiers) were built between 1591 and 1594. It was an imposing building which provided lodgings for 2000 soldiers. It

5586-635: The appearance of the head, tail and legs of a turtle. The platform was placed between the Castel Vecchio (Old Castle) at San Nicolò and the Castel Novo (New Castle) on the Vignole island. These two islands and the island of Certosa formed the shores of the channel. An iron chain was placed across the channel. It was supported by the Gagiandra and two rafts placed midway between the "turtle" and

5700-486: The archduke's villa to convert it into a restaurant, café, casino and 70 rooms for an exclusive beach resort. However, he then sold it to the Lido Bathing Resort Society (see below). In 1857 Giovanni Busetto, nicknamed Fisola, also opened a seaside resort. This consisted of wooden cabins on pilings over the beach with a common central area and two wings with 15 small rooms each. Separate cabins for

5814-465: The area and foundries for armaments and munitions were built where the Jewish cemetery was later set up. In 1304 a militia was instituted. The sailing to Lido was also turned into a contest. The men rowed to the island on boats (called ganzaruoli) with 30-40 oarsmen boats which competed over who would get there first. This is the origin of the word regatta. The only establishment that sold wine at San Nicolò

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5928-544: The audience and set the tone for the evening. It also sometimes set the colour scheme for the show and featured special effects and lighting. Music could be original or a medley of current popular songs mixed with music from Broadway or Hollywood films; often the opening number was a potpourri of styles and performers could change costumes several times. Between the production numbers, specialty "vaudeville/cabaret" acts were featured, such as jugglers, acrobats or magicians. At least one scene would feature water effects – another thing

6042-408: The beach at the town of Lido belongs to various hotels. There are large public beaches towards the northern and southern ends. The island is home to a town and a village. The town is in the north. It is also called Lido (population 15,128 in 2019 ). It has four neighbourhoods: San Nicolò and Santa Maria Elisabetta are on the lagoon side coast (the landing stage for the Venice ferry is in the former and

6156-543: The church and convent of San Nicolò. The works for the church were completed in 1064. In 1053, the management of the church and convent was handed to the abbot of the Benedictine monastery of San Giorgio Maggiore . In 1098 some of relics three of saints from Myra (now Demre ), west of the Chelidonia cape, Lydia , on the southern coast of what is now Turkey , were smuggled by a naval squadron which returned form

6270-507: The coastal current at bay and trap the sand it carried. That of the southern one was to channel the receding low tide water to make the inlet deeper through the force of the exit current. In the late 18th century and in the 19th century, a number of poets and writers wrote about Lido. This made Lido an attractive destination for people from the European elites in their then fashionable journeys in Italy. In 1786 Johann Wolfgang von Goethe ,

6384-424: The construction of the breakwater at San Nicolò (see below), sand has been accumulating on the sea shore in the northern part of the island, widening the beach. In 887 the male Benedictine monastery of San Cipriano was founded in Malamocco on the initiative of doge Giovanni II Participazio . This was followed by the female monastery of Santi Leone and Basso. In 1108 San Cipriano was abandoned due to damage caused by

6498-526: The direction of Pierre Rambert until his retirement in December 2014. According to Forbes , they were "some of the world’s most beautiful and talented burlesque dancers". The cast came from all over the world, and were noted for their statuesque height, averaging 5' 11" (minimum 1.75 meters). Every few years, Le Lido developed a new version of its show. The show used to change more frequently, but in later times each iteration could run for several years until

6612-476: The eastern Mediterranean . 1318. San Nicolò was bombed several times by a Genoese fleet. In 1335 the Gagiandra (turtle in Venetian) was built. It was a platform for artillery which was placed in the Lido channel which went from the Lido inlet to Venice. It was broad and tapered at the stern and bow. It was covered by a metal plate which acted as a shield. The canons were sticking out of this shield. This gave it

6726-459: The engineer Pietro Paleocapa submitted a plan to build two breakwaters to reopen the inlet, one on its northern shore (Punta Sabbioni) and the other on its southern shore (San Nicolò). They were to be 3,5 km and 2.85 km long respectively, extend in the direction of the Scirocco wind, give the inlet a width of 1 km and reach a depth of 8 m. In 1870 studies showed that similar works on

6840-471: The establishment closed. In 1936, Léon Volterra  [ fr ] took over the management and replaced the swimming pool with a performance hall. "Léon Volterra (1888-1949), the successful manager of famous music halls and theatres in Paris ( Olympia , 1916-1918; Casino de Paris , 1917-1929; Théâtre de Paris , 1918-1948; Eden, 1921-1923; Théâtre Marigny , 1925-1946; Lido, 1936-1946)...Elected Mayor of

6954-402: The first crusade and placed in the San Nicolò church. The saints were Nicolò Major, his uncle Nicolò Minor and Theodoros. The church, which was small, was enlarged in 1134 and urns with the relics were moved from the crypt and put in three niches by the main altar. Between 1626 and 1634 the church was demolished and rebuilt, together with the bell tower, using material from the old church. In 1770

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7068-646: The group's CEO, its CFO and a former employee, were raided in October 2012 as part of the investigation. The Belgian investigating office suspected Dragone of fraudulently using a global network of shell companies to conceal assets in offshore tax havens to avoid paying taxes. In a press conference addressing the investigation in January 2013, Dragone claimed that the purpose of setting up this international structure had not been to commit fraud, but to avoid double or triple taxation by different countries. He added that he

7182-677: The lagoon, where ships could turn towards Venice. The Ottagono di Poveglia (further north, on the Poveglia island, off Malamocco) acted as a reinforcement for the other two octagons further south. Two octagons were built off the Pellestrina island, the Ottagono San Pietro, at the northern end of the island and the southern end of the Malamocco inlet and the Ottagono Caroman, at the southern end of Pellestrina to guard

7296-458: The land. A few years later to resolve this, the Jews paid a token rent. Consent was given and burials started in 1389. A Protestant cemetery was opened close to the Jewish one in 1674. A very small Catholic cemetery was opened in 1866 in front of the entrance of the Jewish one. In 1916 it was replaced by a new one. A new Jewish cemetery was also built. Its monumental entrance was completed in 1923. As

7410-540: The lower classes were planned. It was demolished by the Austrians in 1859 due to the Second Italian War of Independence against Austrian domination in northern Italy. In 1867, after Venice became part of Italy, the resort was reopened and expanded but was destroyed by a storm surge. It was reopened and expanded again in 1870. From 1867 to 1871 the number of bathers increased from 30 to 60 thousand. In 1857

7524-442: The lower classes with 150 small rooms was established. In 1887 and 1888 the bathing resort was expanded again and an electricity power plant was built. The first beach huts were installed for bathing and for "air sunlight and sand" therapy, which was popular among families. This development required the construction of a seafront boulevard. Further urbanisation took place and more villas were built. In 1889 an electric tramway line along

7638-423: The management felt it had run its course and a new production was called for. Each show could take millions of dollars to develop. The following are the titles of each show produced by the Le Lido: Shirley Maclaine at the Lido (1979) produced by Gary Smith and Dwight Hemion – Nominated for a Primetime Emmy for Outstanding Comedy-Variety or Music Program. Few scenes from the music video named Samajavaragamana of

7752-425: The music video for Lara Fabian 's song "Adagio". In 2000 he amicably split from Cirque du Soleil and formed his own company called the Franco Dragone Entertainment Group (later shortened to "Dragone"), based in his hometown of La Louvière in Belgium. In 2003 Dragone created A New Day... starring Céline Dion at Caesars Palace in Las Vegas. When A New Day ended its run in 2007, Billboard reported it

7866-545: The nature of production shows in Las Vegas. While Dragone would direct only one other show with the company in Las Vegas, O in 1998, to many he was the face of Cirque du Soleil in Las Vegas. The shows Dragone created with Cirque du Soleil had single-handedly brought the contemporary circus movement into the mainstream of American entertainment. Around the world, close to 100 million people have now seen Dragone's creations. Dragone directed Cirque du Soleil's first motion picture, Alegría , in 1999. In 1999 Dragone directed

7980-469: The neighbouring town of Saint-Tropez in 1935 (1935-1941), Léon Volterra transferred to his wife, Simone Volterra (1898-1989), the management of the vineyard and of the theatres. After the divorce of the couple in 1946..." On 7 June 1941, during the German occupation of Paris , on that night, the Spanish ambassador José Félix de Lequerica invited the French writer Paul Morand and the actresses Arletty and Josée Laval , Pierre Laval ' s daughter, to

8094-453: The northern Adriatic from the Narentine pirates. In 1099, 207 ships set off at the end of the first crusade to help the crusaders to consolidate their conquests. It defeated a fleet of their Genoese rivals off Rhodes . In 1124 a fleet sets off to free the King of Jerusalem who had been imprisoned in Tyre , Lebanon . It had 108 vessels, 40 galleys 40 supply ships and 28 ships with rams. It besieged and seized Tyre. In 1171 A fleet set off for

8208-425: The northern part and the peninsula of Sottomarina forms the southern part. The sea has access to the lagoon through three inlets between the islands and between the islands and the peninsulas. At the northern end of Lido there is the Lido inlet which separates it from Cavallino/Punta Sabbioni and at the southern end there is the Malamocco inlet which separates it from Pellestrina. These two inlets have been dredged to

8322-437: The old oratory was completed. The patriarch of Venice granted it the title of parish church. It was the second parish church of Lido, after Santa Maria Assunta in Malamocco. In the 19th century, when the area became built up, it was named after this church. In 1386 the Jews were granted a plot of uncultivated land to develop the Jewish cemetery. The friars of the San Nicolò convent were opposed to this and claimed that they owned

8436-618: The one for the water bus is in the latter), while La Favorita and Quattro Fontaine are on the seaward coast. It developed in the 19th century as a tourist centre, both as a leisure seaside resort and as a balneotherapy resort. It has many 19th century villas built in Liberty style (the Italian version of Art Nouveau ) and many hotels. It is famous for being the seat of the Venice Film Festival and for its grand hotels, such as

8550-402: The permanent employees, mainly artists and technicians, in order to replace the costly dinner shows and revues with less expensive musical theatre productions. The Lido was closed from December 2, 2014, to April 2, 2015, while a new version of the show was prepared. The new version was developed by Franco Dragone . Each version of Le Lido was made up of 10–20 scenes and ran for about an hour and

8664-479: The poet or get a glimpse of him at Lido. In 1830 James Fenimore Cooper , the author of The Last of the Mohicans , visited and described Lido and used Venice as the background for his novel The Bravo . In 1841 John Ruskin , the art critic who wrote about Venice and her art, also wrote about Lido. Other people who visited Lido and described it were and the French poet Theophile Gautier , in 1850, Herman Melville ,

8778-526: The production of Nouvelle Expérience and Saltimbanco , nontraditional circus productions in which postmodern dance , music, and circus acrobatics were interlaced with a dreamlike narrative. His visibility greatly increased after he directed and introduced the cutting-edge Cirque du Soleil production Mystère at the Treasure Island hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada . Mystère helped to change

8892-459: The purpose and inns set up pools with water drawn for the nearby canals which was warmed up. There was an idea that this kind of bathing in the Venetian winter was particularly therapeutic. In 1857 a booklet about this notion published. The Lido's potential for tourism did not go unnoticed. In 1852 there was a proposal to set up two spas , one on the lagoon shore and one on the sea shore, but it

9006-465: The rest hail particularly from the UK, Australia and Russia." Each Le Lido show featured singers and dancers, which always included the famous Bluebell Girls. A few featured dancers, showgirls and lead singers were sometimes added. The Lido was known for its spectacular costumes featuring thousands of dollars in feathers and rhinestones, rich fabrics, and top quality furs. The opening or "theme" scene welcomed

9120-491: The rise of Venice) when Teodato Ipato (742-55), the second doge , transferred it from Heraclea, to 811, when the doge Agnello Participazio (811-27) moved it to Rivoalto. It was temporarily occupied by Pepin of Italy when he tried to invade the lagoon in 810. It was destroyed by the doge Giovanni I Participazio (829–836) when he suppressed a rebellion based in Metamaucum. The settlement continued to be inhabited, but it

9234-496: The same year he formed Cirque du Soleil . In 1985, Laliberté sought out Guy Caron to join Cirque du Soleil. Caron, in turn, asked Dragone to join as a creator. From the years 1985 to 1998, Dragone would direct nearly all of Cirque du Soleil's most prestigious shows and played a significant role in developing Cirque du Soleil's distinctive merging of theater and circus performance . In the early 1990s, Dragone's reputation grew with

9348-571: The sea and daily ground collapses. The friars moved to the Murano island and set up a new monastery of S. Cipriano. In 1109, for the same reason, the nuns moved to a convent on the San Servolo island vacated by Benedictine monks who had moved to the monastery of Sant'Ilario near Fusina. In 1045 the doge Domenico Contarini I (1043–71), the Patriarch of Grado and the bishop of Olivolo founded

9462-414: The show. By September 2017, around 100 million people had seen Dragone's work. As noted above, CNN reported on Dragone's role in creating Cirque du Soleil's theatrical vocabulary, adding that "while Cirque du Soleil's signature was contemporary circus , Dragone's solo work embodies more theater, dance—and, of course, water" through the use of his "trademark" aquatic stages. Dragone sought to invoke

9576-531: The spraying of rarefied water with compressed air. In 1873 a steam navigation company was established. This was the birth of the Venetian waterbus, the service for the transport of people around the lagoon. It used steamboats which were smaller than the military one which had been used and thus allowed more frequent journeys. With regard to Lido, compared to oar boats, it shortened the time needed to reach Santa Maria Elisabetta from San Zaccaria (near St Mark's Square) dramatically, from one hour to ten minutes. In 1881

9690-562: The streets of Venice. There was a large market in St. Mark's Square . From 1307 the market had especially prepared stands which over time became increasingly decoratively elaborate. Goods of all kinds and from all over the world were displayed. The engineer Bernardo Zendrini found that pozzolana mixed with chalk and sand was an efficient water-resistant binder. In 1737 he built a 2.5 m long test wall near Malamocco. Three years later it had withstood two winter storm surges (one of which had been one of

9804-424: The talks and negotiations proceeded more rapidly. On 23 July the agreement was completed. At the pope request, Venetian ships went to Chioggia to pick up the emperor, who was taken to Lido. Four cardinals went there to meet him there. Frederick recognised Alexander as the rightful pope and could now be allowed to enter Venice. Doge Ziani went to meet him at San Nicolò and took him to Venice with great pomp. A ceremony

9918-502: The traditional red Chinese lantern, is 60 meters high, 100 meters in diameter and houses more than 2000 seats. In spring 2015, Dragone created a new show in Paris for the cabaret Le Lido , titled Paris Merveilles . In March 2016 he confirmed he was working on a new project for Las Vegas. In 2016, Dragone directed a new show featuring Russian pop icon Philipp Kirkorov called Я ( Ya , lit. 'I'), which premiered in

10032-459: The two shores. The chain was kept close to the surface of the water to prevent enemy ships to pass above it. In 1379 Genoa attacked the lagoon in the War of Chioggia (1379–80). Two towers were built as platforms for crossbows and cannons at the Castel Vecchio and Novo forts (on the Lido and Vignole islands) on the two sides of the Lido channel, to further protect the entrance to the lagoon. Small boats which were chained together were placed between

10146-463: The two towers. Between them there were three ships with archers covered with fresh hides to protect them from fire. A ditch and earthen rampant strengthened with stone were created to protect the S. Nicoló abbey. Eventually Venice won the war. In 1409 an admiralty was established at S. Nicolò. 1520 The Council of Ten build a building to house its offices and barracks for its officers who were entrusted with monitoring Lido, its fortresses, its inlet and

10260-686: The way the sea changed its beaches. This was called the Casa Rossa (Red House). In the 16th century, with the Turkish conquests in south-eastern Europe and the eastern Mediterranean, which were a threat to the Venetian dominion in that part of the Mediterranean the Turks were also considered a threat to Venice itself. Between 1543 and 1549 Castel Novo, on the Vignole island, was developed into

10374-423: The works were not completed due to the second Austrian occupation (1814–48). The Austrians disagreed with the French plans. The project was entrusted to the engineer Pietro Paleocapa. Works at Alberoni started in 1838 and were completed in 1845. Works on the southern breakwater at Santa Maria del Mare, on the Pellestrina island, started in 1853 and were completed in 1856. The object of the northern breakwater to keep

10488-415: The worst) without damage. This led to the building of the murazzi, imposing walls made with large blocks of Istrian stone to form a continuous sea defence on the barrier island of Pellestrina. Later murazzi were built at Lido as well, but here they were discontinuous. A previously unknown 350 m long test wall was brought to light by the seaward shore in 1980. It lies 380 m from the sea. This is because after

10602-658: Was "one of the key architects of Cirque du Soleil's unique theatrical style." He was also known for his work with Celine Dion . Dragone died from a severe chest infection in Cairo , Egypt, on 30 September 2022 at the age of 69. Dragone was born in 1952 in Cairano , a small town in southern Italy . At the age of seven, he moved to the mining region of La Louvière in Belgium with his family so his parents could work in Belgium's coal mines. He remembers that being an "artist"

10716-519: Was "possible to do high quality shows for mainstream people". In the 1980s, Dragone came to Montreal, Quebec , Canada, in pursuit of "a beautiful girl". In Montreal, Guy Caron, director of the National Circus School , invited him to conduct workshops with the students and teachers at his school. Dragone then created, directed and produced a show for the end of the school year. Guy Laliberté saw one of these performances in 1984,

10830-477: Was a request to build a church at Lido to replace the unauthorised oratory of Beata Vergine Visitante Santa Elisabetta (Blessed Visiting Virgin St. Elizabeth) to the south of San Nicolò, which was built by the locals because they found it difficult to reach their parish church of San Pietro di Castello on the island with the same name. In 1627 the construction of the new church, now called Santa Maria Elisabetta, on top of

10944-459: Was a shadow of its former self. Its decadence reached its peak when its priory was moved to the island of Murano (1080), the S.S. Leone e Basso nuns moved to the island of San Servolo (1109) and its diocese was moved to Chioggia between 1107 and 1110. In 1116 it was submerged as a result of an exceptional storm surge. According to the tradition, Metamaucum was on the seashore of the Lido island, rather than on its lagoon shore. A new settlement

11058-529: Was awarded a doctor honoris causa degree for general merits by the University of Antwerp , in recognition of his innovative and cosmopolitan approach to theatre. In 2012 Dragone's business group came under investigation by Belgian authorities for "serious and organized international tax offenses" and money laundering. The group's offices in La Louvière , as well as the private homes of Franco Dragone,

11172-402: Was built on the lagoon shore of Lido, close to where Metamaucum had been. The existence of a Metamaucum Nova, which corresponds to today's Malamocco, was first attested in 1107. Until the 19th century Lido's main role was a military one for the defence of the lagoon as it lies by the lido inlet, the widest point of entry of the lagoon and the one which is closest to Venice. It continued to have

11286-422: Was closed during the contests. A lighthouse was also built close to the shooting range. A permanent garrison was set up. It served as rest area for troops which needed to briefly stop by. Wells to supply freshwater to ships that left the city were built. In the mid-14th century tensions between Venice and the Republic of Genoa escalated due to their rivalry over supremacy of the naval routes and trading ports in

11400-446: Was explicitly political, working as a director of theatre and film in the mode of the commedia dell'arte dramatist Dario Fo . The theatre works he helped create expressed social situations, interpreting true stories of the homeless, drug addicts, and prison inmates, and casting non-actors who shared their stories to perform in the shows. In this context Dragone began to teach staging, or visual expression, and came to believe that it

11514-557: Was held at St. Mark's basilica. In 1000 the doge Pietro II Orseolo (991-1009) set off for a mission to Istria and Dalmatia which freed the northern Adriatic from the Narentine pirates. Istria and Dalmatia accepted Venice's suzerainty . To celebrate this the Venetians celebrated with the Benedictio del Mare (Blessing of the Sea) ceremony, which was held annually until 1177. In that year, after Venice's mediation which led to

11628-679: Was not treated seriously by the mining community in La Louvière. His father, however, was broad-minded and enrolled Dragone in a liberal lycée . As a student, Dragone was taught a wide range of topics and was allowed to choose his field of interest. Dragone chose the arts. In the 1970s he studied theatre at the Belgian Royal Conservatory of Mons . Starting his career as an actor in subsidized Belgian art theater, he switched to activist theater, or "theater without actors" according to Dragone. His earliest theatrical work

11742-544: Was opened in 1894, but cycling competitions were ended in 1896 due to high running costs. In 1911 it hosted period costume equestrian tournament which attracted a big crowd. The expansion of the bathing resorts and of the urbanisation of the Santa Maria Elisabetta area continued. From 1900 to 1920 some 50 villas were built. In 1904 a horse-riding school was established. Over the decades it held several international contests and two world cups. The planning for

11856-545: Was performed again in 1965 and in 1988. The latter was an initiative by private citizens and cultural and sport associations which wanted to relaunch the celebrations. The ceremony became permanent and is now led by the mayor of Venice The ceremony was also associated with the Festa della Sensa (Fête of Ascension). In 1180 it developed into the Fiera della Sensa (Ascension Fair ). There were acrobats, jugglers and minstrels in all

11970-429: Was ready to change his business' structure to provide more transparency. On January 12, 2024, after 12 years of investigations, Dragone was posthumously found not guilty of all charges of fiscal fraud and was completely exonerated. Despite the extensive media coverage during the investigation, the announcement of his exoneration received little attention. In early 2013, Dragone produced, created and directed Story of

12084-609: Was still largely rural and had areas of bog land and scattered dunes. A water drainage and sewer system was developed. The development was to have hospitality and entertainment facilities, residential areas, roads, gardens, woods, restaurants and cafes. Villas for wealthy bathers were built in Liberty style, the Italian version of Art Nouveau . The number of bathers increased from 60,000 in 1871 to 80,000 in 1872 to 160,000 in 1883.The number of small rooms for bathers increased to 600. They were equipped with facilities for seawater therapy with

12198-482: Was strengthened and developed into a fort under the doge Vitale I Michiel (1096-1102). This fort was later called Castel Vecchio (Old Castle). In 1229 crossbow shooting ranges were created in areas of Venice for weekly exercises by men between the ages of 16 and 35. In 1229 a shooting range was established at San Nicolò. It hosted shooting contests at Christmas and Easter to make the exercises more interesting. Infantry, cavalry, and artillery units were also stationed in

12312-529: Was the first true barracks in Europe, the first instance in which troops were lodged in peacetime. It was an important step towards the creation of a modern army as opposed to a mercenary army or a militia. It was built on the location where the crusaders had gathered before setting off for the fourth crusade. From 1600 the barracks hosted the Fanti da Mar (Infantrymen of the Sea), the first amphibian troops in history,

12426-629: Was the highest-grossing residency of all time. In 2005, Dragone debuted his fourth production on the Las Vegas Strip with the opening of Le Rêve at the Wynn Las Vegas . For this show he used performers mainly from disciplines related to gymnastics. Like his 1998 show O for Cirque du Soleil, Le Rêve made extensive use of a custom-designed water stage. CNN called it a "bombastic, splashy celebration of life" with "diving feats and stunning special effects". In 2007, he directed

12540-496: Was then called sea therapy was the required treatment. The hospital had 200 beds. It was expanded to 500 beds in 1873. After the opening of the Excelsior Hotel in 1908 it was planned to move the hospital elsewhere to make room next to the hotel and to move the sick away from it. This occurred in the 1920s. The lido inlet had not used for navigation since 1724 because this was prevented by frequent sand accumulation. In 1866

12654-526: Was then thought that the lagoon water was less pure. In 1855 De la Hante, a Frenchman, set up a bathing resort in the La Favorita area, which was named after the villa of the archduke Maximillian of Austria (1832-1867) the brother of the emperor who was in charge of the Austrian dominions in northern Italy (1815–59) and spent some of his time in Venice. The resort had 70 rooms. In 1872 De la Hante bought

12768-594: Was to act as an intermediary. The pope arrived in Venice on 10 May 1177. Negotiations with the Lombard League and the king of Sicily started but they were taking a hard stance. Frederick was not allowed to go to Venice and waited for news in Ravenna. A pro-Frederick faction in Venice encouraged Frederick to come to Venice in defiance of the veto, but the emperor declined to do so without the doge's approval. Because of internal pressure, Ziani hesitated. The envoys of

12882-444: Was to boost Lido's tourism potential. It bought the La Favorita villa, it reduced the number of its room to six to be used by queen Margaret. A large terrace which overlooked the sea was built. It could host 1500 people and had salons, café-restaurants, reading rooms and ballrooms, a telegraph and post office, medical assistance, a chemist and life guards with special lookout posts and boats. The group also wanted to promote sea bathing as

12996-620: Was widened again in 1888 and a horse-drawn omnibus which took tourists to the beach along the Gran Viale entered into service. In the same year the military steamship Alnoch, which could carry up to 200 passengers, was made available for linking Lido with Venice during the tourist season from 6 am to 9 pm. This was then extended to 4 am to 11 pm. In 1872 a group of entrepreneurs set up the Società Civile dei Bagni di Lido (the Lido Bathing Resort Society). Its aim

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