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65-572: Over the last four decades, Film at Lincoln Center has introduced to American audiences the works of many of the world's most acclaimed filmmakers, including François Truffaut , Rainer Werner Fassbinder , Jean-Luc Godard , Pedro Almodóvar and Martin Scorsese . Each year the organization presents its annual Chaplin Award Gala , honoring legendary stars and industry leaders at Lincoln Center's Alice Tully Hall. Film at Lincoln Center also hosts

130-450: A Best Foreign Film Oscar . The film is probably his most reflective work. It is the story of a film crew trying to finish a film while dealing with the personal and professional problems that accompany making a movie. Truffaut plays the director of the fictional film being made. This film features scenes from his previous films. It is considered his best film since his earliest work. Time magazine placed it on its list of 100 Best Films of

195-493: A nursemaid (or nurserymaid). Because of their deep involvement in raising the children of the family, nannies were often remembered with great affection and treated more kindly than the junior servants. Nannies were often present in the households of the colonial officials tasked with managing vast colonial empires . Nannies in colonial societies spent their lives in the homes of their masters, often from childhood till old age, taking care of more than one generation (depending on

260-414: A radical-chic hypocrite, a man who believed everyone to be "equal" in theory only. "The Ursula Andress of militancy—like Brando —a piece of shit on a pedestal." Godard later tried to reconcile with Truffaut, but they never spoke to or saw each other again. After Truffaut's death, Godard wrote the introduction to a generous selection of his correspondence, and included his own 1973 letter. He also offered

325-422: A book about Hitchcock, based on a lengthy series of interviews. Of Jean Renoir , he said: "I think Renoir is the only filmmaker who's practically infallible, who has never made a mistake on film. And I think if he never made mistakes, it's because he always found solutions based on simplicity—human solutions. He's one film director who never pretended. He never tried to have a style, and if you know his work—which

390-447: A brutal tale of revenge, is a stylish homage to the films of Alfred Hitchcock (once again starring Moreau). Mississippi Mermaid (1969), with Catherine Deneuve and Jean-Paul Belmondo , is an identity-bending romantic thriller. Both films are based on novels by Cornell Woolrich . The Wild Child (1970) included Truffaut's acting debut in the lead role of 18th-century physician Jean Marc Gaspard Itard . Bed and Board (1970)

455-430: A car. While a live-in nanny was commonly available 24 hours a day in the past, this is much less common now and often these nannies work 10–12 hours on and the remainder of the day off. Essentially, these nannies are working while the children are awake and the parents are at work. A live-in nanny is nowadays more common among wealthier families because live-in nannies often have all their living expenses paid and provided by

520-541: A critic, Truffaut decided to make films. He began with the short film Une Visite (1955) and followed it with Les Mistons (1957). After seeing Orson Welles 's Touch of Evil at the Expo 58 , Truffaut made his feature film directorial debut with The 400 Blows (1959), which received considerable critical and commercial acclaim. He won the Best Director award at the 1959 Cannes Film Festival. The film follows

585-419: A day, seven days per week, but most commonly work five nights/days a week for the first three months of a newborn's life. The role can consist of assisting parents with feeding guidance, nursery set up, premature infant, multiples, colic, reflux, and sleep guidance/training. There are various training organizations that offer non-accredited certifications, however, in an unregulated field parents should ensure that

650-458: A great effect on his professional and personal life. Bazin was a critic and the head of another film society at the time. He became a personal friend of Truffaut's and helped him out of various financial and criminal situations during his formative years. Truffaut joined the French Army in 1950, aged 18, but spent the next two years trying to escape. He was arrested for attempting to desert

715-547: A hybrid model. Lesli Klainberg is president of Film at Lincoln Center, past executives include Rose Kuo, Mara Manus, Claudia Bonn and Joanne Koch who served as executive director from 1971 to 2003. Dennis Lim is the artistic director of New York Film Festival. Fran%C3%A7ois Truffaut François Roland Truffaut ( UK : / ˈ t r uː f oʊ , ˈ t r ʊ -/ TROO -foh, TRUU- , US : / t r uː ˈ f oʊ / troo- FOH ; French: [fʁɑ̃swa ʁɔlɑ̃ tʁyfo] ; 6 February 1932 – 21 October 1984)

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780-537: A liar, because the scene between you and Jacqueline Bisset last week at Francis [a Paris restaurant] isn't included in your movie, and one also can't help wondering why the director is the only guy who isn't sleeping around in Day for Night " (Truffaut directed the film, wrote it and played the director on the film set in the film). Godard also implied that Truffaut had gone commercial and easy. Truffaut replied with an angry 20-page letter in which he accused Godard of being

845-435: A live-in nanny is responsible for the entire care of the children of their employers. This includes anything from washing the children's clothes, tidying the children's rooms, supervising homework, preparing children's meals, taking children to and from school, and taking children to after-school sports and/or activities. Employee benefits may include a separate apartment (sometimes called a "nanny flat") or room, and possibly

910-422: A long tribute in his film Histoire(s) du cinéma . Truffaut was married to Madeleine Morgenstern from 1957 to 1965, and they had two daughters, Laura (born 1959) and Eva (born 1961). Madeleine was the daughter of Ignace Morgenstern , managing director of one of France's largest film distribution companies, Cocinor , and was largely responsible for securing funding for Truffaut's first films. In 1968, Truffaut

975-573: A main part of the story, he toned up the comical aspect of the characters and made the movie more to his liking. Even though Shoot the Piano Player was much appreciated by critics, it performed poorly at the box office. While the film focused on two of the French New Wave's favourite elements, American film noir and themselves, Truffaut never again experimented as heavily. In 1962, Truffaut directed his third movie, Jules and Jim ,

1040-461: A nanny was usually known as a "nurse", and was typically female. "Nurses" were found in higher-income homes, and "nurses" were either hired or were slaves. Originally, the hired person would have been expected to breastfeed the infant, a role known as a " wet nurse ". In some households, the nurse was a senior member of the household staff and ran her own domain, a suite of rooms called the nursery . Some were supported by at least one assistant, known as

1105-404: A nurse for an extended period of time. His mother eventually married and her husband gave François his surname, Truffaut. Although he was legally accepted as a legitimate child, his parents did not accept him. The Truffauts had another child, who died shortly after birth. This experience saddened them greatly and as a result they despised François because of the regret he represented (Knopf 4 ). He

1170-593: A romantic drama starring Jeanne Moreau . The film was very popular and highly influential. In 1963, Truffaut was approached to direct the American film Bonnie and Clyde , with a treatment written by Esquire journalists David Newman and Robert Benton intended to introduce the French New Wave to Hollywood. Although he was interested enough to help in script development, Truffaut ultimately declined, but not before interesting Jean-Luc Godard and American actor and would-be producer Warren Beatty , who proceeded with

1235-429: A self-conscious rejection of traditional cinema structure. This was a topic on which Truffaut had been writing for years. Following the success of The 400 Blows , Truffaut featured disjunctive editing and seemingly random voiceovers in his next film, Shoot the Piano Player (1960), starring Charles Aznavour . Truffaut has said that in the middle of filming, he realized that he hated gangsters. But since gangsters were

1300-499: A small business. In America, childminders are often advertised as a daycare. Depending on the country the childminder or daycare is in, government registration may or may not be required. Within the UK, a childminder must be Ofsted -registered, hold a current paediatric first aid qualification, public liability insurance and follow the EYFS. A mother's helper is someone who may live in or out of

1365-482: A teaching role, helping parents to establish good sleeping patterns or troubleshooting the sleeping patterns of a child. Roles and qualifications vary between countries. The night nanny works together with the family's requirements and philosophies. The qualifications of a night nanny are usually in mothercraft nursing (see sleep guidance specialist or early childhood development). Pay rates vary from country to country, but night nannies are usually well paid in comparison to

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1430-559: Is The Green Room (1978), based on the Henry James story ' The Altar of the Dead ,' about a man and a woman who share a passion for remembering their dead loved ones. Jonathan Rosenbaum , who thinks The Green Room may be Truffaut's best film, told me he thinks of it as the director's homage to the auteur theory. That theory, created by Bazin and his disciples (Truffaut, Godard , Resnais , Chabrol , Rohmer , Malle ), declared that

1495-414: Is Doinel's life. The film follows him through his troubled adolescence. He is caught in between an unstable parental relationship and an isolated youth. From birth Truffaut was thrown into a troublesome situation. As he was born out of wedlock, his birth had to remain a secret because of the stigma of illegitimacy. He was registered as "a child born to an unknown father" in hospital records and looked after by

1560-511: Is very comprehensive, since he dealt with all sorts of subjects—when you get stuck, especially as a young filmmaker, you can think of how Renoir would have handled the situation, and you generally find a solution". Truffaut called German filmmaker Werner Herzog "the most important film director alive." Truffaut and Jean-Luc Godard , his colleague from Les Cahiers du Cinéma , worked together closely during their start as film directors although they had different working methods. Tensions came to

1625-544: The 1958 Cannes Film Festival . He supported Bazin in developing one of the most influential theories of cinema, the auteur theory . In 1954, Truffaut wrote an article in Cahiers du cinéma , "Une Certaine Tendance du Cinéma Français" ("A Certain Trend of French Cinema"), in which he attacked the state of French films, lambasting certain screenwriters and producers, and listing eight directors he considered incapable of devising

1690-646: The Butterfly , as well as novelist Haruki Murakami 's Kafka on the Shore . In conversation with Michael Ondaatje , film editor Walter Murch mentions the influence Truffaut had on him as a young man, saying he was "electrified" by the freeze-frame at the end of The 400 Blows , and that Godard's Breathless and Truffaut's Shoot the Piano Player reinforced the idea that he could make films. Roger Ebert included The 400 Blows in his canon of Great Movies, and concludes: "one of his most curious, haunting films

1755-656: The Century (along with The 400 Blows ). In 1975, Truffaut gained more notoriety with The Story of Adèle H. ; Isabelle Adjani in the title role earned a nomination for an Academy Award for Best Actress . His 1976 film Small Change was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film . The Man Who Loved Women (1977), a romantic drama, was a minor hit. Truffaut also appeared in Steven Spielberg 's 1977 Close Encounters of

1820-491: The Dead ", filmed as The Green Room , and several American detective novels. Truffaut's other films were from original screenplays, often co-written by the screenwriters Suzanne Schiffman or Jean Gruault . They featured diverse subjects, the sombre The Story of Adèle H. inspired by the life of the daughter of Victor Hugo , with Isabelle Adjani ; Day for Night , shot at the Victorine Studios , depicting

1885-630: The Run (1979). Truffaut's 1973 film Day for Night earned him critical acclaim and several awards, including the BAFTA Award for Best Film and the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film . His other notable films include Shoot the Piano Player (1960), Jules and Jim (1962), The Soft Skin (1964), The Wild Child (1970), Two English Girls (1971), The Last Metro (1980), and The Woman Next Door (1981). He played one of

1950-544: The Third Kind as scientist Claude Lacombe. The Green Room (1978) starred Truffaut in the lead. It was a box-office flop, so he made Love on the Run (1979) starring Léaud and Jade as the final movie of the Doinel Cycle. One of Truffaut's final films gave him an international revival. The Last Metro (1980) garnered 12 César Award nominations and 10 wins, including Best Director. Truffaut's last film

2015-1154: The US and UK. In the United States, and in the United Kingdom no formal qualifications are required to be a nanny. However, some parents prefer or sometimes require their nanny to have a CPR and/or first aid certification. In the United States, nanny training and certifications are increasing as the US Nanny Association has published national standards and issues certifications for Professional Nannies, Newborn and Infant Professionals and Certified Nannies. Many Nannies have childhood education credits or degrees, though these are usually not required. Various television programs feature real nannies, many of whom help parents discipline children. These include Abismo de pasión (in Spanish), Nanny 911 , Supernanny , and Take Home Nanny . In addition, several television series feature fictional Nannie's including

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2080-653: The annual New York Film Festival and is a co-presenter (with the Museum of Modern Art ) of the New Directors/New Films Festival . The organization also publishes the film journal Film Comment . In 2020, Film at Lincoln Center took its festival virtual with a video-on-demand platform provided by Shift72 and suspended all physical events for 400 days due to the COVID-19 pandemic , reopening its theaters on April 16, 2021, and continuing with

2145-423: The army and incarcerated in military prison. Bazin used his political contacts to get Truffaut released and set him up with a job at his new film magazine, Cahiers du cinéma . Over the next few years, Truffaut became a critic (and later editor) at Cahiers , where he became notorious for his brutal, unforgiving reviews. He was called "The Gravedigger of French Cinema" and was the only French critic not invited to

2210-406: The character of Antoine Doinel through his perilous misadventures in school, an unhappy home life and later reform school. The film is highly autobiographical. Both Truffaut and Doinel were only children of loveless marriages; they both committed petty crimes of theft and truancy from the military. Truffaut cast Jean-Pierre Léaud as Doinel. Léaud was seen as an ordinary boy of 14 who auditioned for

2275-493: The director was the true author of a film—not the studio, the screenwriter, the star, the genre. If the figures in the green room stand for the great directors of the past, perhaps there is a shrine there now to Truffaut. One likes to think of the ghost of Antoine Doinel lighting a candle before it." Truffaut expressed his admiration for filmmakers such as Luis Buñuel , Ingmar Bergman , Robert Bresson , Roberto Rossellini , and Alfred Hitchcock . He wrote Hitchcock/Truffaut ,

2340-413: The duration of the post). It was not uncommon for these nannies to be brought along with the family when these colonial officials were posted either back to Europe or to another colony. A "live-in" nanny is much less common than it once was. Being a live-in nanny may be ideal for a person looking to move interstate or abroad for either a short period of time or to set themselves up financially. Typically,

2405-454: The employer. Some families use what is known as a 'nanny share', where two or more families pay for the same nanny to care for the children in each family on a part-time basis. A more recent addition to the role of a nanny is that of a night nanny. The night nanny usually works with a family anywhere from one night to seven nights per week. A night nanny generally works with children from newborn to five years of age. A night nanny can provide

2470-612: The film by Charles Silver praises it. Stolen Kisses (1968) was a continuation of the Antoine Doinel Cycle starring Claude Jade as Antoine's fiancée and later wife Christine Darbon. During its filming Truffaut fell in love with Jade and was briefly engaged to her. It was a big hit on the international art circuit. A short time later Jade made her Hollywood debut in Hitchcock's Topaz . Truffaut worked on projects with varied subjects. The Bride Wore Black (1968),

2535-543: The film with director Arthur Penn . The fourth movie Truffaut directed was The Soft Skin (1964). It was not acclaimed on its release. Truffaut's first non-French film was a 1966 adaptation of Ray Bradbury 's classic science fiction novel Fahrenheit 451 , showcasing Truffaut's love of books. His only English-speaking film, made on location in England, was a great challenge for Truffaut, because he barely spoke English himself. Shot by cinematographer Nicolas Roeg , this

2600-411: The general nanny, as the night nanny is seen as a specialist or expert in their field. Historically, European women were confined to their beds or their homes for extended periods of time after giving birth. Care was provided either by her female relatives (mother or mother-in-law) or by a temporary attendant known as a monthly nurse . These weeks were called confinement or lying-in , and ended with

2665-400: The home and disinfects the bathroom. They help care for the mother, baby, and family. Typically, women from their 20s to 60s take up employment as nannies. Some are younger, though normally younger workers are nursemaids or au pairs rather than nannies in the traditional use of the term. A few positions are filled by men; the term manny is sometimes used for a male nanny, especially in

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2730-486: The house to improve it, such as painting or changing the electric outlets. Sadly, these kind gestures often resulted in catastrophic events, causing him to get scolded by his mother. His father mostly laughed them off. The 400 Blows marked the beginning of the French New Wave movement, which gave directors such as Jean-Luc Godard , Claude Chabrol and Jacques Rivette a wider audience. The New Wave dealt with

2795-410: The household, and assists the person of the house with general chores as well as caring for the children. The term au pair usually refers to a young person, who comes from abroad to live with the host family and learn the local culture and language, while helping care for the children. A governess concentrates on educating children inside their own home, and a kindergarten or schoolteacher does

2860-499: The kinds of "vile" and "grotesque" characters and storylines he called characteristic of the mainstream French film industry: Jean Renoir , Robert Bresson , Jean Cocteau , Jacques Becker , Abel Gance , Max Ophuls , Jacques Tati and Roger Leenhardt . The article caused a storm of controversy and landed Truffaut an offer to write for the nationally circulated, more widely read cultural weekly Arts-Lettres-Spectacles . Truffaut wrote more than 500 film articles for that publication over

2925-440: The lady of the house. Today, modern nannies, like other domestic workers , may live in or out of the house, depending on their circumstances and those of their employers. Some employment agencies specialize in providing nannies, as there are families that specifically seek them and may make them a part of the household. Nannies differ slightly from other child care providers. A childminder works out of their own home, operating as

2990-467: The main roles in Steven Spielberg 's Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977). Truffaut wrote the book Hitchcock/Truffaut (1966), based on his interviews with film director Alfred Hitchcock during the 1960s. He was married from 1957 until 1964 to Madeleine Morgenstern, in 1968 became engaged to leading actress Claude Jade from three of his films, and lived together with Fanny Ardant , actress in his two last films, until his death. Truffaut

3055-564: The money for admission. After being expelled from several schools, at age 14 he decided to become self-taught. Two of his academic goals were to watch three movies a day and read three books a week. Truffaut frequented Henri Langlois 's Cinémathèque Française , where he was exposed to countless foreign films, becoming familiar with American cinema and directors such as John Ford , Howard Hawks and Nicholas Ray , as well as those of British director Alfred Hitchcock . After starting his own film club in 1948, Truffaut met André Bazin , who had

3120-455: The month", which are traditions and customs regarding recovery from childbirth. The "confinement ladies" are referred to as yue sao , and they have specialized knowledge of how to care for both baby and mother. In Singapore and Malaysia, newborn care specialists are better known as confinement nannies . They assist the mother in taking care of the baby in order to let the mother have a good rest. Confinement food will be prepared to help with

3185-503: The next four years. Truffaut later devised the auteur theory , according to which the director was the "author" of his work and great directors such as Renoir or Hitchcock have distinct styles and themes that permeate their films. Although his theory was not widely accepted then, it gained some support in the 1960s from American critic Andrew Sarris . In 1967, Truffaut published his book-length interview of Hitchcock, Hitchcock/Truffaut (New York: Simon and Schuster ). After having been

3250-497: The qualifications of their maternity nanny are legitimate and accredited. The Newborn Care Specialist Association is one of many self-appointed certification entities. Some doulas specialize in postpartum care for mother and baby. Another related job is perinatal assistant . Chinese and related East Asian traditions practice a form of postpartum confinement known in Chinese-speaking regions as zuo yue zi "sitting

3315-599: The re-introduction of the mother to the community in the Christian ceremony of the churching of women . A modern version of this rest period has evolved with intentions to give maximum support to the new mother, especially if she is recovering from a difficult labor and delivery. In the US these specialty maternity nannies are known as newborn care specialists (disassociating this specialty from medically qualified nursing). They are highly experienced in all aspects of newborns, aside from medical issues. They may work 24 hours

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3380-608: The recovery. Usually, the employment period will be about 28 days up to a maximum of 16 weeks. In Korea these postpartum care workers are called Sanhujorisa . In the Netherlands, standard postnatal care, supported by state medical insurance, includes more than a week of all-day visits called kraamzorg . This kraamverzorgster ( "maternity home care assistant" ) teaches the new mother how to care for her baby, measures both of their health, prepares light meals, entertains older children, performs light household tasks, cleans

3445-515: The role after seeing a flyer, but interviews after the film's release (one is included on the Criterion DVD of the film) reveal Léaud's natural sophistication and an instinctive understanding of acting for the camera. Léaud and Truffaut collaborated on several films over the years. Their most noteworthy collaboration was the continuation of Doinel's story in a series of films called "The Antoine Doinel Cycle". The primary focus of The 400 Blows

3510-429: The same, but in a school environment. Even though there are no legal requirements to be considered a nanny, families may require a background check and a CPR certification. Families may also look for other special skills in a nanny, such as being bilingual or having early childhood development coursework done. Nannies help play a key role in a child's development by providing care. In the 19th and early 20th centuries,

3575-426: The surface after May 68 : Godard wanted a more political, specifically Marxist cinema, Truffaut was critical of creating films for primarily political purposes. In 1973, Godard wrote Truffaut a lengthy and raucous private letter peppered with accusations and insinuations, several times stating that as a filmmaker "you're a liar" and that his latest film ( Day for Night ) had been unsatisfying, lying and evasive: "You're

3640-563: The ups and downs of filmmaking; and The Last Metro , set during the German occupation of France during World War II , a film rewarded by ten César Awards . Known as a lifelong cinephile, Truffaut once (according to the 1993 documentary film François Truffaut: Stolen Portraits ) threw a hitchhiker out of his car after learning that he did not like films. Many filmmakers admire Truffaut, and tributes to his work have appeared in films such as Almost Famous , Face and The Diving Bell and

3705-555: Was Truffaut's first film in colour. The larger-scale production was difficult for Truffaut, who had worked only with small crews and budgets. The shoot was also strained by a conflict with lead actor Oscar Werner, who was unhappy with his character and stormed off set, leaving Truffaut to shoot scenes using a body double shot from behind. The film was a commercial failure, and Truffaut never worked outside France again. The film's cult standing has steadily grown, although some critics remain dubious of it as an adaptation. A 2014 consideration of

3770-475: Was a French filmmaker, actor, and critic, widely regarded as one of the founders of the cinematic French New Wave . With a career of more than 25 years, he is an icon of the French film industry. Truffaut's The 400 Blows (1959) was a defining film of the French New Wave movement, and was followed by four sequels: Antoine et Colette (1962), Stolen Kisses (1968), Bed and Board (1970), and Love on

3835-607: Was an outcast from his earliest years, dismissed as an unwanted child. François was sent to live with his grandparents. When his grandmother died, his parents took him in, much to his mother's dismay. His experiences with his mother were harsh. He recalled being treated badly by her but found comfort in his father's laughter and spirit. François had a very depressing childhood after moving in with his parents. They left him at home, by himself, when they took vacations. He even recalled being alone during Christmas. Being left alone forced François into independence, often doing various tasks around

3900-449: Was another Antoine Doinel film, also with Jade, now Léaud's on-screen-wife. Two English Girls (1971) is the female reflection of the same love story as "Jules et Jim". It is based on a story by Henri-Pierre Roché , who wrote Jules and Jim , about a man who falls equally in love with two sisters, and their love affair over a period of years. Such a Gorgeous Kid Like Me (1972) was a screwball comedy. Day for Night won Truffaut

3965-461: Was born in Paris on 6 February 1932. His mother was Janine de Montferrand. His mother's future husband, Roland Truffaut, accepted him as an adopted son and gave him his surname. He was passed around to live with various nannies and his grandmother for a number of years. His grandmother instilled in him her love of books and music. He lived with her until her death, when Truffaut was eight years old. It

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4030-498: Was engaged to actress Claude Jade ( Stolen Kisses , Bed and Board , Love on the Run ); he and Fanny Ardant ( The Woman Next Door , Confidentially Yours ) lived together from 1981 to 1984 and had a daughter, Joséphine Truffaut (born 28 September 1983). Nanny A nanny is a person who provides child care . Typically, this care is given within the children's family setting. Throughout history, nannies were usually servants in large households and reported directly to

4095-512: Was only after her death that he lived with his parents. Truffaut's biological father's identity is unknown, but a private detective agency in 1968 revealed that its inquiry into the matter led to a Roland Levy, a Jewish dentist from Bayonne . Truffaut's mother's family disputed the finding but Truffaut believed and embraced it. Truffaut often stayed with friends and tried to be out of the house as much as possible. He knew Robert Lachenay from childhood, and they were lifelong best friends. Lachenay

4160-476: Was shot in black and white, giving his career a sense of having bookends. Confidentially Yours is Truffaut's tribute to his favourite director, Hitchcock. It deals with numerous Hitchcockian themes, such as private guilt versus public innocence, a woman investigating a murder, and anonymous locations. A keen reader, Truffaut adapted many literary works, including two novels by Henri-Pierre Roché , Ray Bradbury 's Fahrenheit 451 , Henry James 's " The Altar of

4225-454: Was the inspiration for the character René Bigey in The 400 Blows and worked as an assistant on some of Truffaut's films. Cinema offered Truffaut the greatest escape from an unsatisfying home life. He was eight years old when he saw his first movie, Abel Gance 's Paradis Perdu ( Paradise Lost , 1939), beginning his obsession. He frequently skipped school and sneaked into theaters because he lacked

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