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50-800: Lindenhof (its northern part is called Sihlbühl ) dominates the Lindenhof quarter in district 1 (Altstadt) , the historical center of Zürich's Altstadt . To the North, it ends at Uraniastrasse (City police station) and to the South, it ends near St. Peter church . In the West, the hill is limited by the Bahnhofstrasse , and in the east, it ends at the Limmat and the Schipfe quarter. Lindenhof sits atop

100-535: A Celtic Oppidum from the 1st century BC ( La Tène culture ), whose remains were found in archaeological campaigns in the years 1989, 1997, 2004 and 2007 on Lindenhof and Rennweg . In 15 BC, Augustus's stepsons Drusus and Tiberius integrated the territory on the left side of Lake Zurich into the Roman provinces Raetia and Germania Superior . Several stone buildings from the Roman period were located on and around

150-525: A place of festivities, including the engagement of the German emperor Henry IV with Bertha von Turin on Christmas in 1055. The Roman castle's remains existed until the early medieval age: a Carolingian , later Ottonian Pfalz (1054) was built on its remains. This Kaiserpfalz was a long building with a chapel on the eastern side of the fortified hill; it is last mentioned in 1172, and it was derelict by 1218, when its remains were scavenged for construction of

200-456: A storage room and economics building. In 1903 the bastion was broken as the last construction of the city's fortifications. Numerous finds came to light, including the grave stone of Ulrich I von Regensberg , which was misused as a loophole cornice of the bulwark. From 1558 to 1562 the round Auf Dorf bastion with battlements was built at the site of the present Bellevueplatz at the junction of Limmatquai and Rämistrasse . Structurally, it

250-609: Is divided into four parts or quarters by the Zurich statistical office, Rathaus (town hall), Hochschulen (universities), Lindenhof ("lime trees courtyard") and City. Lindenhof and Rathaus correspond to the parts of the medieval city left (west) and right (east) of the Limmat , respectively, while City and Hochschulen include the area of the Early Modern city west and east of the medieval walls, respectively. Der Lindenhof ("The lime trees courtyard") quarter corresponds to

300-457: Is listed as a Swiss heritage site of national significance , including the remains of its prehistoric Celtic , Gallo-Roman and medieval settlements and buildings. 47°22′23″N 8°32′27″E  /  47.37306°N 8.54083°E  / 47.37306; 8.54083 Lindenhof (quarter) The Altstadt ( German for "old town") in the Swiss city of Zurich encompasses the area of

350-639: Is named for Arnold Bürkli (1833–1894), the engineer responsible for the construction of the city's quays . On its remains at «zur Katz» ramparts, the Old Botanical Garden is located. Selnau (from earlier Sellnau , Seldnau ) was historically an estate west of the city, which came to lie between the north-western moat ( Schanzengraben ) and the Sihl . Together with the Gessnerallee , Selnaustrasse and Sihlhölzlistrasse running along

400-878: Is named for the town hall , built in the 1690s. It is the part of the medieval town on the right side of the Limmat, separated by the Hirschengraben from the Hochschulen quarter to the east, and delimited by the Bellevue and Central squares to the south and north, respectively. As such, it includes the Limmatquai as well as the Niederdorf (downstream of the Kirchgasse) and the Oberdorf (upstream of

450-868: Is situated at the southern end of the Sechseläutenplatz . City is the area west of the Bahnhofstrasse , delimited by the Sihl and the Schanzengraben , the moat of the 17th century ramparts. It includes the Paradeplatz , Zürich Hauptbahnhof , the Swiss National Museum and the Platzspitz park (formerly Limmatspitz ). It comprises the tram stops Bürkliplatz , Paradeplatz , Rennweg , Bahnhofstrasse / Bahnhofplatz / Bahnhofquai , Löwenplatz , Sihlstrasse and Bahnhof Selnau . City borders on District 2 ( Enge ) to

500-706: Is some 28 m west of the medieval river's. The quai was constructed from 1823–1859 from Bellevue to the Rathaus , in 1835–1836 from the Rathaus to the Wasserkirche and 1835–1839 the portion from the Wasserkirche to Bellevue, formerly called Sonnenquai . At the Limmatquai are located some guild houses, as Zunfthaus zur Zimmerleuten , Zunfthaus zur Haue , Zunfthaus zum Rüden and Zunfthaus zur Saffran . Zurich tram routes 4 and 15 run along

550-409: Is wedged between Hirschengraben (the historical course of the eastern moat) and Rämistrasse , corresponding to the area taken up by the eastern fortifications of the 17th century ramparts (destroyed following the 1839 Züriputsch ), the hillside now holding the main buildings of both ETH Zurich (built 1861 to 1864 under Gustav Zeuner ) and University of Zurich (built 1914 under Karl Moser ), at

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600-515: The Bellevue square, with which it is connected by the Quaibrücke . The lakeshore quay connecting the square with Lake Zurich is named General-Guisan-Quai , after Henri Guisan . From the Bürkliplatz landing gate, Zürichsee-Schifffahrtsgesellschaft boat services leave for Thalwil , Rapperswil , Schmerikon , Erlenbach and down the Limmat to Zürich Landesmuseum . Bürkliplatz

650-547: The Middle Ages , the hilltop leveled fort became the retaining wall and gave the Lindenhof terrace a form similar to its current form. The remains of the Roman camp were used as the center of the later fortification of the historical center of Zürich. Significant parts of the lime mortar and ancient castle wall were integrated into the town houses around the Lindenhof and in a Kaiserpfalz (broken in 1218), which served as

700-461: The Paradies building and converted it into a lodge building with distinctive gables. At this time, coins, stove tiles and other artefacts from the Roman and medieval times were found. 1865, severe storm damage resulted in a redesign: Instead of Lime trees, the park was dominated for some years by chestnut and acacia trees. The redesign was not accepted by the population, and in 1900, Lindenhof Square

750-520: The Pfauen , are the theatre Schauspielhaus Zürich and the art museum Kunsthaus Zürich . The Bellevueplatz , a square at the southern border between the Rathaus quarter and the southern end of the Hochschulen quarter, right next to the lake outflow, is a major junction of the Zurich tram system , served by lines 2 , 4 , 5 , 8 , 9 , 11 and 15 besides buses 912 and 916. It is situated at

800-574: The Rathaus quarter. The Polybahn funicular connects Central and the ETH Zurich main building. The Central square at the northern border between Rathaus and Hochschulen quarters is a major junction of the Zurich tram system , served by lines 3 , 4 , 6 , 7 , 10 and 15 besides buses 31 and 46. Formerly called Leonhardsplatz , it was renamed after the Hotel Central built in 1883. Situated at Heimplatz , vernacularly called

850-472: The Stadelhofen train station. Stops of the Zurich tram system in the Hochschulen quarter are: Central , ETH/ Universitätsspital , Kantonsschule , Kunsthaus , Neumarkt , Bellevue , Opernhaus and Stadelhofen . Line 9 follows Rämistrasse which separates Hochschulen from Fluntern , line 3 follows Hirschengraben and Seilergraben (the historical eastern moat), which separates it from

900-658: The Stadelhofen Bollwerk , whilst Sechseläutenplatz takes its name from the Sechseläuten , a traditional Zurich festival that is celebrated there. Stadelhofen station , on Stadelhoferplatz , is an important stop of the Zurich S-Bahn lines to Uster , Rapperswil-Jona and Winterthur as well as the terminal of the Forchbahn (S18) line serving Zumikon and Esslingen . The Zurich Opera House

950-562: The Stadthausquai , Alpenquai at the Bürkliplatz square and Lindenhof). Lindenhof was largely surrounded by water: until the early medieval area, neighboring Münsterhof ( Fraumünster abbey square) was a swampy hollow flooded by the Sihl . Therefore, Lindenhof was an optimal location for early fortified settlements. Middle Bronze Age (1500 BC) artefacts were found near the Limmat ( Schipfe ). Archaeologists found remains of

1000-469: The Swiss National Museum ; a copy is integrated in the Lindenhof wall at Pfalzgasse , leading to St. Peter church. Using the topography, the Roman military built a citadel on top of the hill in the years of the Roman emperor Valentinian I (364–375), to defend migrations from the North by the Alamanni . It was 4500 square meters large, and it was fitted with 10 towers and two meter wide walls. During

1050-619: The city walls and stone masonry on private houses. In 1937, archaeologists found graves of late medieval children and adults that were oriented from the east to the west. In the year 1384, a chapel on the Lindenhof was mentioned, but no remains have been found. It is believed that the chapel was part of the processional axis Wasserkirche , Grossmünster and Fraumünster church processions that ended in 1524 or 1525 ( Reformation in Zürich ). These religious celebrations at Pentecost honored Zürich's Saints Felix and Regula and Exuperantius. Following

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1100-489: The mindere Stadt , the smaller but more prestigious half of the medieval town left of the river. This is the oldest core of the city, with settlement traces dating to pre-Roman ( La Tène ) times, and fortified as the Roman Vicus Turicum , a Roman customs station with a surrounding civilian settlement, in the final decades of the 1st century BC. The Lindenhof hill itself is the site of the Roman castle at

1150-430: The Kirchgasse). The historical name of this eastern half of the medieval town was "greater town" ( mehrere Stadt ), contrasting with the "lesser town" ( mindere Stadt ), the western half along the left river bank. The Limmatquai was built along the right side of the Limmat, running from Central to Bellevue . It was built in the 19th century, connecting various earlier quais built into the Limmat. The current right bank

1200-446: The Limmatquai, serving the stops Helmhaus , Rathaus and Rudolf-Brun-Brücke . The quai was one of the main routes through the old town before it was freed from traffic in 2004. The bridges passed by the Limmatquai, south to north, are: north of Limmatquai: The Niederdorf ( lit. : "low village") was the least developed part of the medieval city. It properly includes just the north-eastern corner, between Mühlegasse and Central , but

1250-539: The Lindenhof hill, demolished in 1903 to make way for the Uraniastrasse as part the partially built «Urania-axis» Sihlporte–Uraniastrasse–Zähringerplatz by Gustav Gull , and the Urania Sternwarte . The Fraumünster ("women's minster") abbey ruled the town until the 1336 "guild revolution" of Rudolf Brun and which remained highly influential until Zwingli 's Reformation . The Rathaus quarter

1300-562: The Stadelhofen ravelin was attached, and completely broken in 1837/38. The Oetenbachbollwerk was a bastion of the fortifications, and was built under the supervision of Balthasar Keller in 1532. The stronghold replaced a wooden mounting in the garden of the Oetenbach convent and had to secure the western town wall and the gate at the Limmat. In 1642 the bulwark was covered, and in 1764 the adjoining Waisenhaus building provided as

1350-727: The church of the Predigerkloster (Dominican monastery), it became after the Reformation in Switzerland the parish church of Niederdorf respectively Neumarkt , and owns since 1900 the tallest church tower of Zurich. The Oberdorf ( lit. : "upper village") proper is the mehrere Stadt south of the Grossmünster, along the Oberdorfstrasse , between Kirchgasse and Rämistrasse . Hochschulen (universities)

1400-416: The city fortification. In the late Middle Ages, the present Sechseläutenplatz area was the location of the former military harbour of the city of Zürich respectively part of the so-called Stadelhoferbollwerk bastion on Zürichsee lakeshore. The former Stadelhofer bulwark also was built as part of the so-called fourth city fortifications in 1643 AD. The bastion was built partly into the lake, and in 1673

1450-755: The city hospital, now housing the city library ) and the Zähringerstrasse . The mehrere Stadt between the Niederdorf and the Oberdorf (between Rathaus and Kirchgasse ) includes the Münstergasse , Obere Zäune , Untere Zäune and the Barfüsserkloster (the former Franciscan abbey) as well as a number of alleys leaving Münstergasse : Marktgasse , Spiegelgasse , Krebsgasse , Ankengasse , Römergasse and Kirchgasse . Initially

1500-402: The contemporary Knabenschiessen shooting contest. During the 1990s, the long-practised official tolerance of drug users there from throughout Central Europe has been the subject of much worldwide media interest. Bürkliplatz is a square and stop of the Zurich tram system (lines 2 , 4 , 8 , 9 , 11 and buses 161, 165), situated at the southern end of the Bahnhofstrasse , and west of

1550-403: The demolition of the former royal residence, the hill—the only public park within the city walls—became an area for public life and relaxation, with dense tree vegetation, stone tables, crossbow stands, and bowling and chess; the latter are still very popular in modern times. According to a chronicle, fifty-two tilias (lime trees) were planted in 1774. Bow and crossbow-shooting was probably one of

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1600-458: The entire historical city before 1893, before the incorporation of what are now districts 2 to 12 into the municipality, over the period 1893 to 1934. Die Altstadt approximately corresponds to the area enclosed by the former city ramparts , and is today within the administrative area of the city called Kreis 1 (District 1). With a population of 5,617 (as of 2015), it houses about 1.4% of the city's total population. Administratively, District 1

1650-489: The extinction of the main line of the Zähringer family in 1218, Zürich became a free imperial city . Over the following decades, a city wall was constructed over a length of some 2,400 m. The irrigated grave system of medieval Zürich, consisting of the internal (i.e. inside the town wall) Fröschengraben , the outer Sihlgraben and the intermediate town wall was first mentioned in 1258 AD as niuwer graben (new moat);

1700-533: The former Augustinians monastery below the Lindenhof hill, towards the Kecinstürlin gate at the southern Fröschengraben moat, Bahnhofstrasse as of today. Zunfthaus zur Meisen at Münsterhof plaza near Fraumünster church houses the porcelain and faience collection of the Swiss National Museum . Lindenhof also contains the former Augustinian abbey, and formerly the Oetenbach nunnery north of

1750-485: The hill. It was part of the small vicus Turicum , located on both sides of the Limmat and connected by a Roman bridge located near the present Rathausbrücke . Turicum , Zürich's Roman name and possibly also its Celtic name, is engraved on a 2nd-century tombstone of a little boy. It was found on May 15, 1747, and it refers to the Roman STA(tio) TUR(i)CEN(sis) . The tombstone is located in

1800-544: The lakeside, just north of Sechseläutenplatz . It is named for the Grandhotel Bellevue built in 1856, and is the nodal point of the quaysides that were built between 1881 and 1887 crossing the Quaibrücke towards Bürkliplatz and General-Guisan-Quai . South of Bellevue are the squares Sechseläutenplatz and Stadelhofenplatz . Stadelhofen was an estate just south of the southeasternmost bastion,

1850-631: The location of the Celtic Oppidum Zurich-Lindenhof , rebuilt in Carolingian times but derelict by the 13th century, when it was used as a source for building stone for the first stone houses of rich burghers of the recently reichsfrei city. The Schipfe quarter at the Limmat below the Lindenhof is the site of the Roman vicus, with traces of a hypocaustum nearby the Münsterhof excavated. St. Peter church

1900-475: The mainstream view assumed that the town had been unfortified – the remains of the Roman castle at the Vicus Turicum , and a so-called Kaiserpfalz on Lindenhof hill excepted – before the 13th century, until the chance discovery of remnants of the first wall during the 1990s construction work at the central library respectively location of the Predigerkloster , the former Dominican abbey. Following

1950-548: The most important leisure activities on the Lindenhof. Each Zürich guild had its own stone table, and the costumed guild members met on Sechseläuten for dinner, described by Gottfried Keller in his poem Ein Festzug in Zürich (a procession in Zürich, 1856). In August 1526, guests from St. Gallen were invited by the city councils and all the Guilds of Zürich for a dinner. The attendees of this dinner included Ulrich Zwingli ,

2000-537: The present Schanzengraben was still in construction around 1300. Over the decades, the time accumulating sludge was periodically dug out by day laborers or in forced labor to process. Due to its former military defensive use, the moat has a widely octagonal zig-zag form, and was completed as part of the Baroque fortifications of Zürich around 1642 AD, and the Bollwerk zur Katz became the eastern gunnery bastion of

2050-555: The prominent Zürich cleric; Leo Jud ; Konrad Pelikan ; Friedrich Myconius ; and the Kappel abbey 's abbot. The Hedwig Fountain (1688) was sculpted by Gustav Siber . It depicts the legend of the siege of Zürich in 1292 with a helmeted sculpture of the leader of the Zürich women. Under baroque influence, Lindenhof was converted in 1780 to a strictly geometrical park. 1851, the Masonic lodge Modestia cum Libertate (M.c.L.) bought

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2100-519: The remains of a glacier . The hill and its public square are part of the Linth Glacier's moraines in the area of Zürich. The now largely flattened Lindenhof (428 m ü. M) rises about 25 meters above the Limmat. At the flat shore of Lake Zurich were Neolithic and Bronze Age (4500 to 850 BC) lakeside settlements , such as Kleiner Hafner and Grosser Hafner (both small former islands west of Sechseläutenplatz , near Bauschänzli at

2150-820: The right bank of the Sihl, it is part of the City quarter even though strictly situated outside the city ramparts. Today, Zürich Selnau railway station is a stop on the line of the Uetlibergbahn , running from Zürich Hauptbahnhof to the Sihltal ( S4 ) and to the Uetliberg ( S10 ). The SWX Swiss Exchange building is located in Selnau. The museum Haus Konstruktiv is located in a former power station near Selnau train station. Fortifications of Z%C3%BCrich Zürich

2200-572: The sites of the Kronen Bollwerk and Schönenberg Bollwerk ramparts, respectively. Hochschulen borders on District 6 ( Unterstrass and Oberstrass ) to the north, on District 7 ( Fluntern and Hottingen ) to the east and on District 8 ( Mühlebach and Seefeld ) to the south. Hochschulen in its southern end also includes the Bellevue and Sechseläuten squares as well as the theater and opera house at Stadelhoferplatz and

2250-462: The southwest, and on Districts 4 and 5 ( Aussersihl ) to the northwest. Platzspitz (formerly Platzpromenade , Limmatspitz ) is a park at the confluence of the two rivers of Zurich; the Limmat and the Sihl . In medieval times, the area situated north of the city was used as pasture. In the early 15th century it was made into a shooting-range, and in the 16th to 17th centuries, Schützenfeste were held there. A remnant of these can be found in

2300-608: The term was extended to the whole part of the mehrere Stadt north of the town hall, i.e. for the entire length of the Niederdorfstrasse , or even including the parts north of the Kirchgasse . So defined, the Niederdorf includes Rindermarkt and Neumarkt , Froschaugasse and the area of the medieval Jewish quarter, the Predigerkirche (the former Blackfriars' monastery) at Zähringerplatz (historically

2350-407: Was an independent ( reichsfrei ) city or city-state from 1218 to 1798. The town was fortified with a city wall from the 13th to the 17th century, and with more elaborate ramparts constructed in the 17th to 18th century and mostly demolished in the 1830s to 1870s. There had been a first city wall dating to the 11th or 12th century. The existence of such an early wall had been suggested, but

2400-602: Was connected to the Langenöhrlisturm of the city fortification, and originally surrounded almost entirely by the water of Zürichsee respectively Limmat . The bulwark comprised casemates with loopholes and a platform for the artillery to defend against attackers on the lake, and to complete the opposite Bauschänzli bastion respectively the medieval Grendeltor . The remains were discovered on occasion of road works in March 2015. From 1642, an impressive set of ramparts

2450-612: Was given its present appearance. Today, there are numerous public events and festivals in addition to the historical guild dinner. The Square is also a tourist attraction. Cars are not allowed in the narrow streets to the Lindenhof. Among the prominent historical visitors are Giacomo Casanova ; Johann Wolfgang von Goethe ; Johannes von Müller ; Herzog Charles Augustus, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach ; Johann Gottlieb Fichte ; Anne Louise Germaine de Staël ; Karl Wilhelm Friedrich Schlegel ; Johann Ludwig Uhland ; Franz Liszt ; Richard Wagner and Johannes Brahms . The hillside area

2500-521: Was the parish church of the medieval city, built on the site of an earlier temple to Jupiter . The Rennweg street below the Lindenhof hill was the main street of the medieval city, entering by the Rennweg gate through the western city wall which is now marked by the course of Bahnhofstrasse . Augustinergasse is a small street leading from St. Peterhofstatt situated at the St. Peter church, passing

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