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63-708: Line Records is a Brazilian gospel record label and it belongs to Universal Church of the Kingdom of God . Was founded in Rio de Janeiro , in 1992 with the intent to tend the gospel music demand. In February 2012, it was announced that Line Records was planning to wind down and pay off its debts over the next five years. This article about a Brazilian record label is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Brazilian jiu-jitsu Brazilian jiu-jitsu ( Portuguese : jiu-jitsu brasileiro [ʒiw ˈʒitsu bɾaziˈlejɾu, ʒu -] ), often abbreviated to BJJ ,

126-440: A gi uniform or not which is known as 'no-gi BJJ', for this purpose rash guards are used. The International Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Federation (IBJJF) is the main governing body of the martial art, establishing the rules and general guidelines, as well as promoting competitions and training of referees. BJJ can also be used as a method of promoting physical fitness, building character, and as a way of life. Mitsuyo Maeda , one of

189-459: A body triangle by crossing one shin across the waist like a belt then placing the back of the opposing knee over the instep as if finishing a triangle choke. Simultaneously, the upper body is controlled by wrapping the arms around the chest or neck of the opponent. This position is often used to apply chokeholds , as well as arm bars and triangles, and neutralizes an opponent's potential size or strength advantage. The North South position occurs when

252-424: A particular philosophy about the nature of combat developed by Kano, and further refined by Maeda based on his worldwide travels competing against fighters skilled in a wide variety of martial arts. The book details Maeda's theory as arguing that physical combat could be broken down into distinct phases, such as the striking phase, the grappling phase, the ground phase, etc. Thus, it was a smart fighter's task to keep

315-571: A person is surrounded by a circle of other students who will attempt to attack the defending student, who in turn must defend themselves using techniques. Brazilian jiu-jitsu gyms typically follow a set of ground rules to instill trust, respect, and cleanliness amongst students. Common practices include: Once on the ground, the BJJ practitioner strives to take a dominant or controlling position from where to apply submissions. These positions provide different submission or transition options. In side control,

378-425: A practitioner is lying on their back on the ground and their opponent is lying on top, with the head over the chest area and controlling the bottom practitioner's arms. As with most top controlling positions in BJJ, the top practitioner applies pressure by bringing their hips downwards towards the ground, generating what is referred to as dead weight . There are several submissions and transitions that are possible from

441-423: A spectator sport, and to improve safety. Several of these rule changes de-emphasized the groundwork aspects of judo, and others have reduced the range of joint locks application. Brazilian jiu-jitsu since its inception did not strictly follow kodokan judo rules, this divergence helped BJJ develop a distinct identity becoming a groundwork and submission focus fighting style. This difference was later consolidated with

504-405: Is a compression lock , where the muscle of an opponent is compressed against a hard, large bone (commonly the shin or wrist), causing significant pain to the opponent. These types of locks are not usually allowed in competition due to the high risk of tearing muscle tissue. This type of lock also often hyper-extends the joint in the opposite direction, pulling it apart. Some compression locks include

567-511: Is a self-defense martial art and combat sport based on grappling , ground fighting , and submission holds . It is primarily a ground-based fighting style and focuses on taking one's opponent down to the ground, gaining a dominant position, and using a number of techniques to force them into submission via joint locks , chokeholds , or compression locks . Brazilian jiu-jitsu was first developed around 1925 by Brazilian brothers Carlos , Oswaldo, Gastão Jr., and Hélio Gracie , after Carlos

630-446: Is a modified side pin that is distinctly separated from the side control position. The knee on belly position is characterized primarily by the control of the opponent with one leg out for base and balance and the other leg positioned across the opponent's torso pinning them to the ground. This form of pin is a mobile pin rather than a static pin and is considered a more dominant position in many grappling formats. The knee on belly position

693-458: Is a requirement. Recently with the growing popularity of "no-gi" Brazilian jiu-jitsu has the practice of giving out belts to no-gi practitioners (e.g., Rolles Gracie awarding Rashad Evans a black belt) has become more common. Da Paz Theatre Theatro da Paz has suffered minor alterations along the years to its façade, namely the reduction of the number of columns over the main entrance. Its architectural lines, however, remain unaltered. It

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756-472: Is commonly referred to as gi or kimono is similar to a judogi , but with slight differences in the dimensions and often made of lighter material with tighter cuffs on the pants and jacket. This allows the practitioner to benefit from a closer fit, providing less material for an opponent to manipulate. Traditionally, to be promoted in Brazilian jiu-jitsu, the wearing of the jiu-jitsu gi while training

819-749: Is sometimes referred to as Gracie jiu-jitsu (GJJ), a name trademarked by Rorion Gracie , but after a legal dispute with his cousin Carley Gracie , his trademark to the name was voided. Other members of the Gracie family often call their style by personalized names, such as Ceaser Gracie Jiu-Jitsu or Renzo Gracie Jiu-Jitsu, and similarly, the Machado family call their style Machado Jiu-Jitsu (MJJ). While each style and its instructors have their own unique aspects, they are all basic variations of Brazilian jiu-jitsu. Brazilian jiu-jitsu shares many techniques with

882-682: Is the definitely neoclassical ". On each side, there are patios surrounded by columns and staircases giving access to Praça da República (Republic Square). Straw seats in the shape of a horseshoe. In the lobby, there are two carrara-marmor busts: José de Alencar e Gonçalves Dias , who introduced the indianismo in Brazil . In the noble hall, next to a giant-sized crystal mirror, remain the busts of maestros Carlos Gomes and Henrique Gurjão . In Theatro da Paz, Carlos Gomes ran his most famous opera, O Guarani , and Russian ballerina Anna Pavlova also touched its stage with her ballet shoes. Decoration

945-473: Is the term selected by Professor Kano as describing his system more accurately than jiu-jitsu does. Professor Kano is one of the leading educators of Japan, and it is natural that he should cast about for the technical word that would most accurately describe his system. But the Japanese people generally still cling to the more popular nomenclature and call it jiu-jitsu. Outside Japan, however, this distinction

1008-406: Is worth additional points because it provides a greater striking platform than traditional side control and is closer to achieving the more ideal mounted position. In the mount (or full mount) position, the practitioner sits astride the opponent's front torso or chest, controlling the opponent with his bodyweight and hips. In the strongest form of this position, the practitioner works his knees into

1071-461: The Achilles lock , Biceps slicer , and Leg slicer (or Calf slicer). While many joint locks are permitted in BJJ, most competitions ban or restrict some or all joint locks that involve the knees, ankles, and spine. The reason for this is that the angles of manipulation required to cause pain are nearly the same as those that would cause serious injury. Joint locks that require a twisting motion of

1134-641: The Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) in 1993. Jiu-jitsu came to international prominence in martial arts circles when Brazilian jiu-jitsu expert Royce Gracie won the first , second and fourth Ultimate Fighting Championships, which at the time were single elimination martial arts tournaments. Royce fought successfully against several larger opponents proficient in other fighting styles, including boxing , shootfighting , Muay Thai , karate , wrestling , and taekwondo . BJJ has since become an elementary aspect of MMA , revealing

1197-476: The Butterfly Guard, De La Riva Guard, X-Guard, K-Guard, Rubber guard , Spider Guard, Octopus Guard, Lapel Guard, Worm Guard (made popular by Keenan Cornelius ) and others. Butterfly guard is when the bottom grappler brings his legs up and feet together against the inner thighs of top opponent. The name is derived from the resulting butterfly wing shape. Butterfly guard increases both space to maneuver and

1260-605: The Closed Guard, Half Guard , and Open Guard. In closed guard, the bottom grappler has his legs around the opponent's hips, with ankles closed together to control their opponent. The closed guard can be an effective position. This guard allows many setups for submissions such as joint locks and chokes, as well as sweeps. In the open guard, the legs are not hooked together and the bottom grappler uses his legs or feet to push or pull their opponent. There are many variations of open guard with distinct names and positioning including

1323-578: The Gracies went to the United States and spread jiu-jitsu, they used the terms "Gracie jiu-jitsu" and non-Gracies using the term "Brazilian jiu-jitsu" to differentiate from the already present styles using similar-sounding names. In a 1994 interview with Yoshinori Nishi, Hélio Gracie said that he did not even know the word judo itself until the sport came in the 1950s to Brazil, because he heard that Mitsuyo Maeda called his style "jiu-jitsu". The art

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1386-491: The Kodokan's top groundwork experts trained by Tomita Tsunejirō , the first student of judo's founder Kano Jigoro , was sent overseas to demonstrate and spread his art to the world. He left Japan in 1904 and visited several countries giving "jiu-do" demonstrations and accepting challenges from wrestlers , boxers , savate fighters, and various other martial artists, and arrived in Brazil on 14 November 1914. Gastão Gracie

1449-556: The North South position, most commonly the North South choke, North South kimura , and others. When in the "Guard" position, the practitioner is on their back controlling an opponent with his legs. The bottom practitioner pushes and pulls with the legs or feet to unbalance and limit the movements of his opponent. This position allows practitioners a wide variety of counter-attacks from the bottom position, including submissions and sweeps. The three most common types of guards include

1512-457: The West; the modern Hepburn romanization of 柔術 is "jūjutsu". When Maeda left Japan, judo was still often referred to as "Kano jiu-jitsu", or, even more generically, simply as jiu-jitsu . Higashi, the co-author of The Complete Kano Jiu-Jitsu (Judo) wrote in the foreword: Some confusion has arisen over the employment of the term 'jiudo'. To make the matter clear I will state that jiudo

1575-417: The ability to counter the opponent with the shins or arches of the feet against the competitor's inner thighs. Spider guard is when the bottom grappler puts one or two of his feet on his opponents arms, this guard is effective at keeping control on the bottom and can be used to set up sweeps or submissions. In the half guard, one of the top grappler's legs is controlled by the bottom grappler's legs, preventing

1638-414: The body position, which will force the joint to move past its normal range of motion. Pressure is increased in a controlled manner and released if the opponent cannot escape the hold and signals defeat by tapping . A choke hold can disrupt the blood supply to the brain and cause unconsciousness if the opponent does not tap when required. See also Compression lock A less common type of submission hold

1701-444: The chokes that are used put pressure on the carotid arteries, and may also apply pressure to the nerve baroreceptors in the neck. This kind of choke is very fast acting (if done properly) with victims typically losing consciousness in around 3–5 seconds. In contrast, an air choke (involving constriction of the windpipe ) can take up to two minutes, depending on how long the person can hold their breath, and may cause serious damage to

1764-463: The concept that a smaller, weaker person can successfully defend themselves against a bigger, stronger opponent by using leverage and weight distribution, taking the fight to the ground and using a number of holds and submissions to defeat them. Sparring , commonly referred to as "rolling" within the BJJ community, and live drilling plays a major role in the practitioner's development. In contrast to some other martial arts BJJ can be practiced both using

1827-462: The creation of a new set of rules that guide BJJ practice today. Even though BJJ uses and allows many of the techniques found in judo and jujutsu, the evolution of these techniques in BJJ has followed a distinct path, giving primary emphasis to ground fighting positions and maneuvers, and having the guard as the central working point of the fight. This is reflected on how different fighting techniques are scored in competition. In BJJ positions such as

1890-616: The effort made in a competition. Training methods include drills in which techniques are practiced against a non-resisting and resisting partners; isolation sparring (commonly referred to as positional drilling) where only a certain technique or sets of techniques are used; and full sparring where each practitioner tries to submit their opponent through technique. Physical conditioning is also an important aspect of training. The Gracie family lineage descended from Helio Gracie focuses on practical applications of BJJ that apply primarily to self-defense. They will often run development drills in which

1953-475: The events is that his younger sibling Hélio Gracie gradually developed Gracie jiu-jitsu as a softer, pragmatic adaptation that focused more on the ground fighting and leverages aspect of jiu-jitsu/judo ( ne-waza ) rather than the throws, as he was unable to perform many judo throws, due to his size, that required direct opposition to an opponent's strength. Although the Gracie family is typically recognized as

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2016-527: The fight located in the phase of combat best suited to his own strengths. Renzo Gracie stated that this was a fundamental influence of the Gracie approach to combat. These strategies were further developed over time by the Gracie family, among others, and became prominent in contemporary MMA. Brazilian jiu-jitsu is mainly differentiated from other martial arts by its greater emphasis on ground fighting. BJJ places less emphasis on standing techniques, such as striking and throws , although takedowns score points and

2079-477: The first allows no-gi practice and competition, with its own subset of rules. Use of holds and takedowns from wrestling and other grappling styles is common in no-gi BJJ, and strikes may also be used when the competition rules permit, such as the open palm strike in CJJ ( Combat jiu-jitsu ). In 1972, Carlos Gracie moved to the United States to teach jiu-jitsu, and in 1978 was followed by Rorion Gracie , who co-founded

2142-417: The golden age of rubber, world's most famous lyrical companies featured their presentations in the theater, but after the rubber era, it has been neglected and suffered from bad maintenance. After Armando Baloni's painting, in 1960, Pará state governor then, Aurélio do Carmo , kept the restoration until 1965, under Jarbas Passarinho 's administration, Theatro da Paz was finally fully recovered and reopened to

2205-453: The ground in order to neutralize possible strength or size advantages through ground fighting techniques and submission holds involving joint-locks and chokeholds . On the ground, physical strength can be offset or enhanced through proper grappling techniques. BJJ employs a wide range of takedown techniques to bring an opponent to the ground such as " pulling guard ", which is not used in other combat sports such as judo or wrestling. Once

2268-606: The guard player's left leg hooking the passer's right leg), thereby compromising the passer's balance. This outside hook is what distinguishes the DLR Guard from other open guards. The De La Riva Guard is pivotal in modern jiu-jitsu, serving as a foundation for many advanced guard techniques developed since its introduction. [1] Wrestling (freestyle, Greco-Roman, American folkstyle/collegiate, and others) are having an impact on technique in Brazilian jiu-jitsu. Whereas BJJ focuses on positional points and submissions, wrestling focuses on

2331-461: The half guard position is the "deep half guard", which involves the bottom grappler positioning themselves underneath their opponent, grabbing the top grappler's thigh. This gives the individual on the bottom the opportunity to sweep their opponent, and end up on a more dominant, top position. This position was popularized by American BJJ Black Belt, Jeff Glover . The De La Riva Guard (DLR) is an open guard technique in Brazilian jiu-jitsu, named after

2394-619: The importance of ground fighting in a fight. Sport BJJ tournaments continue to grow in popularity and have given rise to no-gi submission grappling tournaments, such as the ADCC Submission Wrestling World Championship and NAGA , the North American Grappling Association. Sport BJJ has also become a popular method of fitness around the world in recent years. Brazilian jiu-jitsu focuses on getting an opponent to

2457-449: The knee (such as heel hooks) are usually banned in gi competitions because successfully completing the move can frequently result in permanent damage, often requiring surgery. Similarly, joint manipulations of the spine are typically barred due to the inherent danger of crushing or misaligning cervical vertebrae . Leglocks are allowed in varying degrees depending on skill level, with the most prominent BJJ tournaments typically allowing only

2520-405: The legs or dragging the opponent to the ground. Spinal locks and cervical locks are not allowed in gi jiu-jitsu, amateur MMA, multiple forms of no-gi jiu-jitsu, Judo, and other martial arts, due to potential to cause serious bodily injury. BJJ also has become more "sports-oriented" in recent years, prohibiting techniques such as slams. Another divergence of BJJ from judo and jujutsu is that

2583-867: The main family to first promote Brazilian jiu-jitsu as it is known today, there was also another prominent lineage derived from Maeda via another Brazilian disciple, Luiz França . This lineage had been represented particularly by Oswaldo Fadda . Fadda and his students were famous for defeating the Gracies in a gym battle and by the influential use of footlocks , the lineage still survives through Fadda's links in teams such as Nova União and Grappling Fight Team . Besides França's and Fadda's lineage, there are four other main BJJ branches in Brazil: Gracie Humaitá, Gracie Barra , Carlson Gracie Jiu-Jitsu, and Alliance Jiu Jitsu . Each branch traces its roots back to Mitsuyo Maeda . The name "jiu-jitsu" derives from an older romanization of its original spelling in

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2646-430: The opponent is left with no other option but to tap, be injured, or choked. Renzo Gracie wrote in his book Mastering JUJITSU : "The classical jujutsu of old Japan appeared to have no common strategy to guide a combatant over the course of a fight. Indeed, this was one of Kano's most fundamental and perceptive criticisms of the classical program." Maeda not only taught the art of judo to Carlos Gracie , but also taught

2709-409: The opponent is on the ground, a number of manoeuvres (and counter-manoeuvres) are available to manipulate the opponent into a suitable position for the application of a submission technique. Achieving a dominant position on the ground is one of the hallmarks of BJJ, which includes effective use of the guard position to defend oneself from bottom (using both submissions and sweeps, with sweeps leading to

2772-452: The opponent's armpits to reduce arm movements and ability to move or counter submission attempts. Full Mount can be used to apply a variety of submissions including armlocks or chokes. When taking the back mount position (often known in Brazilian jiu-jitsu as the back grab or attacking the back ), the practitioner attaches to the back of the opponent by wrapping his legs around and hooking the opponent's thighs with their heel, or locking in

2835-526: The original Kodokan judo , especially certain styles practiced before judo became part of the Olympics such as Kosen judo , and still practiced to a lesser extent, as well as with the earlier ryu school of jujutsu. Because of this some practitioners have suggested that Brazilian jiu-jitsu should just be called "jiu-jitsu". Certain changes were made to the rules of judo after it was introduced to Brazil. Some of these rule changes sought to enhance it as

2898-413: The possibility of dominant position or an opportunity to pass the guard), and passing the guard to dominate from top position with side control , mount , and back mount positions. This system of manoeuvring and manipulation can be likened to a form of kinetic or physical chess when executed by two experienced practitioners. A submission hold in BJJ is often likened to the equivalent of "checkmate", where

2961-403: The practitioner pins his opponent to the ground from the side of their torso. The top grappler lies across the opponent with weight applied to the opponent's chest. The opponent may be further controlled by pressure on either side of the shoulders and hips from the practitioner's elbows, shoulders, and knees. A wide variety of submissions can be initiated from side control. It is also referred to as

3024-523: The public. The writing "Theatro", in archaic Portuguese, has been kept. Theatro da Paz underwent another major reformation in the 90s, under governor Almir Gabriel, when its original colors were restored. It was also during his administration that modern Opera Festivals begun to take place, with free or low-cost renditions of operas like Il Barbiere di Seviglia or O Guarani . When declared by Brazil's Institute for Protection of Historical and Architectural Patrimony, its president chose Theatro da Paz as one of

3087-571: The rear mount receive a higher score, and the focus of the fight is to establish a dominant position against the adversary on the ground and submit them using chokeholds or joint locks. By contrast in judo, throwing techniques are scored higher and can give a direct victory if executed correctly, the goal of the fight is to sweep or throw the opponent to the ground to win. BJJ also allows heelhooks and knee-reaping which are prohibited in judo, and any takedowns used in wrestling, sambo, or other grappling arts, including direct attempts to take down by touching

3150-416: The renowned competitor Ricardo De La Riva. While not an entirely new concept in grappling, as it had origins in nonatei style judo credited to Oda Tsunetane, it gained prominence through De La Riva's use. In Brazilian jiu-jitsu, the DLR Guard is identified when a competitor lies on their back, controlling their opponent with open legs. This position is defined by one leg hooking outside the opponent's leg (e.g.,

3213-420: The rules allows for a diverse range of techniques such as single , double leg takedowns , or foot sweeps . Some BJJ practitioners also cross train with wrestling , judo, and sambo . As BJJ focuses on submissions, sparring and live drilling ("rolling") become the most essential part of the training regime. This type of training allows practitioners to practice at full speed and with full strength, resembling

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3276-410: The shoulder pin. Wrestling techniques such as single leg and double leg take downs, pins, and attacks on turtle guard have made their way into competitive BJJ, particularly as no-gi competitions have gained popularity. The majority of submission holds can be grouped into two broad categories: joint locks and chokes . Joint locks typically involve isolating an opponent's limb and creating a lever with

3339-611: The side mount and "cem quilos" (a hundred kilograms) in Brazilian Portuguese. Additionally, the typical side mount increases opportunity for the top grappler to advance to other dominant positions. This position is often used in MMA as it allows the top fighter to strike whilst overcoming their opponents defense. There are many variants of the side control position, including kesa gatame , standard side control, reverse side control, and other positions. The knee on belly position

3402-418: The straight ankle lock and muscle stretching submissions such as the "banana split" from white through purple belt, with the kneebar, toehold, and calf slicer submissions being permitted at brown and black belt. Heel hooks and knee-reaping are illegal in gi BJJ, since they are considered to be exceptionally dangerous techniques, but are allowed by IBJJF rules in no-gi competitions. Most joint locks involving

3465-400: The throat. Chokes include rear-naked choke , bow and arrow choke , triangle , Guillotine choke, sleeve choke (or Ezekiel choke), cross collar choke (or X choke), baseball choke , Clock choke, D'Arce choke, Anaconda choke, Arm triangle choke , north–south choke, crucifix choke, gogoplata , loop choke, lapel half nelson choke , and others. The Brazilian jiu-jitsu practitioner's uniform

3528-444: The top opponent from passing side control or full mount positions. There is also a variant of half guard called "50/50 guard", which consist of each opponent usually in sitting positions with one of their legs hooking the same leg of their opponent in a mirrored fashion. This position is called 50/50 because neither opponent has a distinct advantage, where both sides have the same possibilities of sweeps and attacks. Another variation of

3591-405: The wrist, elbow, shoulder or ankle are permitted as there is a great deal more flexibility in those joints and those locks are usually safe. Joint locks include armbars, kimuras, Americanas, straight-arm lock, omoplata, marceloplata, banana split (or electric chair), twister, wrist lock, heel hook, toehold, kneebar, straight ankle lock, and others. Chokes are common forms of submission. In BJJ,

3654-471: Was Adolphe d'Ennery 's drama called The Two Orphans , having taken place on February 16, 1878, and organized by Vicent Pontes de Oliveira theater company, which deal with Theatro da Paz lasted for five years and made him responsible also for the stage lights , decoration, choreography and props , as well as for the organisation within this period. Theatro da Paz, as in Leandro Tocantins, "

3717-498: Was listed as a historic structure by National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage (IPHAN) in 1963. Theatro da Paz was planned by engineer José Libúrcio Pereira Magalhães, with some alterations added by the Public Constructions office. Construction began in 1869 and ended in 1874, but the theater was only opened to the public after an administrative investigation against its builders. The premiere feature

3780-615: Was a business partner of the American Circus in Belém . In 1916, Italian Argentine circus Queirolo Brothers staged shows there and presented Maeda. In 1917 Gastão's eldest son Carlos Gracie watched a demonstration of ‘Kano jiu-jitsu’ (judo's common name at the time) by Maeda at the Da Paz Theatre and decided he wanted to learn. Maeda accepted him as a pupil at his school overseen by Jacintho Ferro. Gracie's account of

3843-481: Was noted even less. Thus, when Maeda and Satake arrived in Brazil in 1914, every newspaper announced their art as being "jiu-jitsu", despite both men being Kodokan judoka. It was not until 1925 that the Japanese government itself officially mandated that the correct name for the martial art taught in the Japanese public schools should be "judo" rather than "jujutsu". In Brazil, the art is still called "jiu-jitsu". When

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3906-657: Was planned by Italian Domenico de Angelis who also decorated Teatro Amazonas in Manaus . He also painted the theater's panel in its spectacle room's roof, which depicted Greek gods , as well as the Jover roof, which was lost due to an infiltration and later restored in 1960 by another Italian artist, Armando Baloni . In 1904, during Augusto Montenegro 's government, four busts representing music , poetry , comedy and tragedy were included in Theatro da Paz decoration. During

3969-425: Was taught Kodokan judo by a travelling Japanese judoka, Mitsuyo Maeda , in 1917. Later on the Gracie family developed their own self-defense system which they named Gracie Jiu-Jitsu . BJJ eventually came to be its own defined combat sport through the innovations, practices, and adaptation of Gracie jiu-jitsu and judo , and has become one of the essential martial arts for modern MMA . BJJ revolves around

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