Misplaced Pages

#723276

40-671: The Jardin du Luxembourg ( French pronunciation: [ʒaʁdɛ̃ dy lyksɑ̃buʁ] ), known in English as the Luxembourg Garden , colloquially referred to as the Jardin du Sénat (Senate Garden), is located in the 6th arrondissement of Paris , France . The creation of the garden began in 1612 when Marie de' Medici , the widow of King Henry IV , constructed the Luxembourg Palace as her new residence. The garden today

80-430: A music kiosk, greenhouses, an apiary (or bee-house); an orangerie also used for displaying sculpture and modern art (used until the 1930s); a rose garden, the fruit orchard, and about seventy works of sculpture. The garden is largely devoted to a green parterre of gravel and lawn populated with statues and centred on a large octagonal basin of water, with a central jet of water; in it children sail model boats. The garden

120-736: A reference to the seat of the Senate and its garden , is situated on the Rive Gauche of the River Seine . It includes educational institutions such as the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts , the École des hautes études en sciences sociales and the Institut de France , as well as Parisian monuments such as the Odéon-Théâtre de l'Europe , the Pont des Arts , which links

160-554: A series of gardeners, most notably Tommaso Francini , to build a park in the style she had known as a child in Florence. Francini planned two terraces with balustrades and parterres laid out along the axis of the château, aligned around a circular basin. He also built the Medici Fountain to the east of the palace as a nymphaeum , an artificial grotto and fountain, without its present pond and statuary. The original garden

200-594: A vintage carousel . In addition, free musical performances are presented in a gazebo on the grounds and there is a small cafe restaurant nearby, under the trees, with both indoor and outdoor seating from which many people enjoy the music over a glass of wine. The orangerie displays art, photography and sculptures. The model boat pond in Conservatory Water in Central Park in Manhattan , New York City,

240-400: Is famed for its calm atmosphere. Surrounding the bassin on the raised balustraded terraces are a series of statues of former French queens, saints and copies after the antique . In the southwest corner, there is an orchard of apple and pear trees and the théâtre des marionnettes ( puppet theatre ). The gardens include a large fenced-in playground for young children and their parents and

280-718: Is informally called "le Luco". In 1611, Marie de' Medici , the widow of Henry IV and the regent for the King Louis XIII , decided to build a palace in imitation of the Pitti Palace in her native Florence . She purchased the Hôtel du Luxembourg (today the Petit Luxembourg ) and began construction of the new palace. She commissioned Salomon de Brosse to build the palace and a fountain, which still exists. In 1612 she had 2,000 elm trees planted; she directed

320-641: Is loosely based on that of one in the Jardin du Luxembourg. The École nationale supérieure des Mines de Paris and the Odéon theatre stand next to the Luxembourg Garden. The central axis of the garden is extended, beyond its wrought iron grill and gates opening to rue Auguste Comte, by the central esplanade of the rue de l'Observatoire, officially the Jardin Marco Polo , where sculptures of

360-774: Is one of Paris's most expensive areas and one of France's richest districts in terms of average income. It is part of what is called Paris Ouest (Paris West) alongside the 7th , 8th and 16th arrondissements , as well as the Neuilly-sur-Seine inner suburb. The current 6th arrondissement, dominated by the Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés —founded in the 6th century—was the heart of the Catholic Church 's power in Paris for centuries, hosting many religious institutions. In 1612, Queen Marie de Médicis bought an estate in

400-542: Is owned by the French Senate , which meets in the palace. It covers 23 hectares (56.8 acres) and is known for its lawns, tree-lined promenades, tennis courts, flowerbeds, model sailboats on its octagonal Grand Bassin, as well as picturesque Medici Fountain , built in 1620. The name Luxembourg comes from the Latin Mons Lucotitius, the name of the hill where the garden is located, and locally the garden

440-727: The French Revolution , however, the leaders of the French Directory expanded the garden to forty hectares by confiscating the land of the neighboring religious order of the Carthusian monks. The architect Jean Chalgrin , the architect of the Arc de Triomphe , took on the task of restoring the garden. He remade the Medici Fountain and laid out a long perspective from the palace to the observatory. He preserved

SECTION 10

#1732765734724

480-561: The 1st and 6th arrondissements over the Seine, Saint-Germain Abbey and Saint-Sulpice Church . This central arrondissement, which includes the historic districts of Saint-Germain-des-Prés (surrounding the abbey founded in the 6th century) and Luxembourg (surrounding the Palace and its Gardens ), has played a major role throughout Parisian history. It is well known for its café culture and

520-653: The Jardin du Luxembourg". Non-literary references include as the setting for a few episodes of French in Action , the 10th Joe Dassin 's 1976 studio album Le Jardin du Luxembourg , the cover of Tame Impala 's 2012 album Lonerism , the title of a song by the band The Ghost of a Saber Tooth Tiger and the gardens and palace being added as a mission in the video game Assassin's Creed Unity . 48°50′49″N 2°20′14″E  /  48.84694°N 2.33722°E  / 48.84694; 2.33722 6th arrondissement of Paris The arrondissement, called Luxembourg in

560-933: The Luxembourg Garden depend on the month: opening between 7:30 and 8:15 am; closing at dusk between 4:45 and 9:45 pm. The garden contains just over a hundred statues, monuments, and fountains, scattered throughout the grounds. Surrounding the central green space are twenty figures of French queens and illustrious women standing on pedestals. They were commissioned by Louis-Philippe in 1848 and include: Anne of Austria , Anne of Brittany , Anne of France , Anne Marie Louise of Orléans , Bertha of Burgundy , Blanche of Castile , Clémence Isaure , Jeanne III of Navarre , Laure de Noves , Louise of Savoy , Margaret of Anjou , Margaret of Provence , Marguerite of Navarre , Marie de' Medici , Mary, Queen of Scots , Matilda, Duchess of Normandy , Saint Balthild , Saint Clotilde , Saint Genevieve , and Valentina Visconti . Other sculpted work includes: The Medici Fountain ( La fontaine Médicis )

600-425: The Medici Fountain to its present location. The long basin of the fountain was added at this time, along with the statues at the foot of the fountain. During this reconstruction, the chief architect of parks and promenades of Paris, Gabriel Davioud , under the leadership of Adolphe Alphand , built new ornamental gates and fences around the park, and polychrome brick garden houses. He also transformed what remained of

640-782: The Moorish influences seen in the Palais du Trocadero). Among his most notable projects are the popular Saint-Michel Fountain in Place Saint-Michel , the old Palais du Trocadéro (built for the 1878 World Fair, demolished in 1937), the town hall of the nineteenth arrondissement and the two theatres at the Place du Châtelet (the Théâtre du Châtelet and the Théâtre de la Ville .) In 1868, Davioud succeeded Jacques Landry as mayor of Houlgate , where he stayed until 1871. His mandate

680-508: The World (commonly known as the Statue of Liberty ) and one modern sculpture by Zadkine . In 1865, during the reconstruction of Paris by Napoleon III , the rue de l'Abbé de l'Épée, (now rue Auguste Comte) was extended into the park, cutting off about seven hectares, including a large part of the old nursery garden. The building of new streets next to the park also required moving and rebuilding

720-562: The city’s parks and public spaces, where he worked with Jean-Charles Adolphe Alphand (e.g. on the Bois de Boulogne and the Bois de Vincennes ). In November 1851, Davioud was asked to execute drawings of the façades of 80 of the 250 buildings that were to be demolished under Haussmann’s plans to extend the rue de Rivoli in central Paris. The demolitions were to begin in early 1852. This left only 60 days for Davioud to complete his drawings, which were to be colorized using his notes. He completed

760-450: The command of Napoleon Bonaparte , the fountain was restored by Jean Chalgrin , the architect of the Arc de Triomphe . In 1864–66, the fountain was moved to its present location, centered on the east front of the Palais du Luxembourg. The long basin of water was built and flanked by plane trees , and the sculptures of the giant Polyphemus surprising the lovers Acis and Galatea , by French classical sculptor Auguste Ottin , were added to

800-485: The district and commissioned architect Salomon de Brosse to transform it into the outstanding Luxembourg Palace surrounded by extensive royal gardens . The new Luxembourg Palace turned the neighbourhood into a fashionable district for French nobility. In the aftermath of the French Revolution , architect Jean-François-Thérèse Chalgrin was commissioned to redesign the Luxembourg Palace in 1800 to make it

840-549: The east end by the Medici Fountain, and a rectangle of parterres with broderies of flowers and hedges in front of the palace. In the center he placed an octagonal basin with a fountain, with a perspective toward what is now the Paris Observatory . Later monarchs largely neglected the garden. In 1780, the Comte de Provence, the future Louis XVIII , sold the eastern part of the garden for real estate development. Following

SECTION 20

#1732765734724

880-548: The famous pepiniere, or nursery garden of the Carthusian order, and the old vineyards, and kept the garden in a formal French style. During and after the July Monarchy , the park became the home of a large population of statues; first the queens and famous women of France, lined along the terraces; then, in 1880s and 1890s, monuments to writers and artists, a small-scale model by Bartholdi of his Liberty Enlightening

920-538: The fountain was preserved and moved in 1866 to the Luxembourg Gardens and attached to the back of the Medici Fountain. The gardens are featured prominently in Victor Hugo 's novel Les Misérables . It is here that the principal love story of the novel unfolds, as the characters Marius Pontmercy and Cosette first meet. Several scenes of André Gide 's novel The Counterfeiters also take place in

960-459: The four Times of Day alternate with columns and culminate at the southern end with the 1874 " Fountain of the Observatory ", also known as the "Fontaine des Quatre-Parties-du-Monde" or the "Carpeaux Fountain", for its sculptures by Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux . It was installed as part of the development of the avenue de l'Observatoire by Gabriel Davioud in 1867. The bronze fountain represents

1000-541: The gardens. Henry James also uses the gardens, in The Ambassadors , as the place in which his character Lambert Strether has an epiphany about his identity. The final scene of William Faulkner 's novel Sanctuary is set in the gardens. Patrick Modiano heard the news he had won the 2014 Nobel Prize in Literature via a mobile phone call from his daughter while he was walking through Paris "just next to

1040-567: The grotto's rockwork. Hidden behind the Medici Fountain is the Fontaine de Léda , (1807), a wall fountain built during the time of Napoleon Bonaparte at the corner of the Rue du Regard and Rue de Vaugirard , with a bas-relief sculpture depicting the legend of Leda and the Swan by Achille Valois . When the original site was destroyed during the extension of the Rue de Rennes in 1856 by Napoleon III ,

1080-412: The home of much of the major post-war intellectual and literary movements and some of most influential in history such as surrealism , existentialism and modern feminism . The land area of the arrondissement is 2.154 km (0.832 sq mi), or 532 acres). The arrondissement attained its peak population in 1911 when the population density reached nearly 50,000 inhabitants per km . In 2009,

1120-507: The old Chartreux nursery garden, at the south end of the park, into an English garden with winding paths, and planted a fruit garden in the southwest corner. He kept the regular geometric pattern of the paths and alleys, but did create one diagonal alley near the Medici fountain, which opened a view of the Panthéon . The garden in the late nineteenth century contained a marionette theater,

1160-483: The population was 43,143 inhabitants while the arrondissement provided 43,691 jobs. Toei Animation Europe has its head office in the arrondissement. The company, which opened in 2004, serves France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom. The 6th and 7th arrondissements are the most expensive districts of Paris, the most expensive parts of the 6th arrondissement being Saint-Germain-des-Prés quarter,

1200-441: The revolutionary existentialism intellectualism of the authors that lived there, including Jean-Paul Sartre , Simone de Beauvoir , Gertrude Stein , Paul Éluard , Boris Vian , Albert Camus and Françoise Sagan . With its cityscape, intellectual tradition, history, architecture and central location, the arrondissement has long been home to French intelligentsia . It is a major locale for art galleries and fashion stores and

1240-672: The riverside districts and the areas nearby the Luxembourg Garden . An immigrant is a person born in a foreign country not having French citizenship at birth. An immigrant may have acquired French citizenship since moving to France, but is still considered an immigrant in French statistics. On the other hand, persons born in France with foreign citizenship (the children of immigrants) are not listed as immigrants. Gabriel Davioud Jean-Antoine-Gabriel Davioud ( French: [ʒɑ̃ ɑ̃twan ɡabʁijɛl davju] ; 30 October 1824 – 6 April 1881)

Jardin du Luxembourg - Misplaced Pages Continue

1280-563: The seat of the newly established Sénat conservateur . Nowadays, the grounds around the Luxembourg Palace, known as the Senate Garden ( Jardin du Sénat ), are open to the public; they have become a prized Parisian garden across from the 5th arrondissement 's Panthéon . Since the 1950s, the arrondissement, with its many higher education institutions, cafés ( Café de Flore , Les Deux Magots , La Palette , Café Procope ) and publishing houses ( Gallimard , Julliard , Grasset ) has been

1320-472: The style of Haussmann's Paris. Davioud was born in Paris and studied at the École des Beaux-Arts under Léon Vaudoyer . He won the prestigious Second Grand Prix de Rome . In 1843, he began working in the planning department of the municipal government of Paris. First, he served as an assistant inspector and later was promoted to inspector general for architectural works. In 1855, he became chief architect for

1360-639: The task, but many of these drawings were destroyed when the Hôtel de Ville (the town hall) was burned down in 1871 during the Paris Commune . The surviving drawings now form part of the archive of documentation of what Paris looked like before the Haussmannian transformation during the Second Empire . Davioud spent his entire career in the planning department of Paris. He was a key member of

1400-408: The team that radically altered the city’s layout and look. As a close associate of the urban planner Baron Haussmann , he designed much of the characteristic Parisian street furniture (benches, pavilions, bandstands, fountains, lampposts, signposts, fences, balustrades and jetties) as well as a number of landmark buildings. His work is noted for its ornamental quality and for its exotic references (e.g.

1440-506: The work of four sculptors: Louis Vuillemot carved the garlands and festoons around the pedestal, Pierre Legrain carved the armillary with interior globe and zodiac band; the animalier Emmanuel Fremiet designed the eight horses, marine turtles and spouting fish. Most importantly Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux sculpted the four nude women supporting the globe, representing the Four Continents of classical iconography. Open hours for

1480-542: Was a French architect . He worked closely with Baron Haussmann on the transformation of Paris under Napoleon III during the Second Empire . Davioud is remembered for his contributions to architecture (e.g. the two theaters on the place du Châtelet and the city hall of the 19th arrondissement), parks (e.g. the Pré Catelan garden and the square des Batignolles) and urban amenities (fountains, pavilions, benches and kiosks). These contributions now form an integral part of

1520-491: Was built in 1630 by Marie de' Medici , the widow of King Henry IV of France and regent of King Louis XIII of France . It was designed by Tommaso Francini , a Florentine fountain maker and hydraulic engineer who was brought from Florence to France by King Henry IV. It was in the form of a grotto , a popular feature of the Italian Renaissance garden. It fell into ruins during the 18th century, but in 1811, at

1560-656: Was interrupted when he was appointed capitaine du génie during the Franco-Prussian War . Noted for his work in Paris, he built a single villa in Houlgate, La Brise , on the Route de Caumont . Davioud died in 1881. In 1918, his family donated 600 of his drawings to the General Inspectorate of Technical Services for Architecture. The drawings were subsequently split between the Hôtel de Ville and

1600-417: Was just eight hectares in size. In 1630 she bought additional land and enlarged the garden to thirty hectares, and entrusted the work to Jacques Boyceau de la Barauderie, the intendant of the royal Tuileries Garden and the early gardens of Versailles . He was one of the early theorists of the new and more formal garden à la française , and he laid out a series of squares along an east–west alley closed at

#723276