50-511: (Redirected from Lycus River ) [REDACTED] Look up lycus in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Lycus ( Lykos , Lycos , Ancient Greek: Λύκος , lit. 'wolf') may refer to: Mythology [ edit ] Lycus (mythology) , the name of numerous people in Greek mythology, including Lycus (brother of Nycteus) ,
100-2349: A Libyan king. Lycus, a Cretan prince as the son of King Idomeneus and Meda , probably the brother of Orsilochus , Cleisithyra and Iphiclus . Together with the latter, they were slain by the usurper Leucus . Lycus, one of the companions of Diomedes that were changed into birds in Italy Lycus, a lost companion of Aeneas Lycus, another companion of Aeneas, killed by Turnus . Lycus and Termerus were two notorious brigands in Caria . Notes [ edit ] ^ Tzetzes on Theogony , 80 ^ Nonnus , 14.36 ff ^ Diodorus Siculus , 5.56.1 ^ Tzetzes ad Lycophron , 132 ^ Suda, eta, 271 ^ Apollodorus , 2.1.5 ^ Tzetzes, Chiliades 7.37, p. 368-369 ^ Scholia on Apollonius Rhodius , Notes on Book 3.1689 ^ Apollodorus, 3.10.1 ^ Nonnus, 14.112 ^ Nonnus, 14.113–114 ^ Nonnus, 14.118–119 ^ Nonnus, 26.250 ff. ^ Apollodorus, 3.15.5 ^ Apollodorus, 3.5.5 & 3.10.1 ; Hyginus , Fabulae 7 – 8 ^ Euripides , Heracles ; Hyginus, Fabulae 31 ; Tzetzes ad Lycophron, 38 ^ Apollonius Rhodius , 2.776; Apollodorus, 1.9.23 ; Hyginus, Fabulae 18 ^ Apollodorus, 2.5.9 ^ Scholia on Apollonius Rhodius, 2.780 ^ Hyginus, Fabulae 74 & 273 ^ Lactantius Placidus on Statius , Thebaid 3.506; Second Vatican Mythographer , 128 ^ Pausanias, 1.27.6 ^ Ovid , Metamorphoses 12.332 ^ Statius, Thebaid 9.107 ^ Hyginus, Fabulae 97 ^ Plutarch , Parallela minora 23 ^ Tzetzes ad Lycophron, 1218 ^ Ovid, Metamorphoses 14.504 ^ Virgil , Aeneid 1.222 ^ Virgil, Aeneid 9.544 & 559 ^ Scholia on Euripides , Rhesus 509 References [ edit ] Apollodorus , The Library with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. ISBN 0-674-99135-4. Online version at
150-543: A pitch accent . In Modern Greek, all vowels and consonants are short. Many vowels and diphthongs once pronounced distinctly are pronounced as /i/ ( iotacism ). Some of the stops and glides in diphthongs have become fricatives , and the pitch accent has changed to a stress accent . Many of the changes took place in the Koine Greek period. The writing system of Modern Greek, however, does not reflect all pronunciation changes. The examples below represent Attic Greek in
200-529: A Marvel Comics villain also known as Sauron Lycus, a DC Comics villain and son of Ares (DC Comics) Other uses [ edit ] Lycus (beetle) , a genus of net-winged beetles See also [ edit ] Battle of the Lycus , fought in 66 BC between the Roman Republic army of Pompey and the forces of Mithridates VI of Pontus Lycos , a search engine and Web portal Lycus Sulci ,
250-634: A city. Lycus, same as Lycurgus (of Nemea) . Lycus, the mortal lover of Coronis , mother of Asclepius . He is otherwise commonly known as Ischys , son of Elatus . Lycus, a Thracian killed by Cycnus in single combat. Lycus, a centaur at the wedding of Pirithous and Hippodamia , was killed by Pirithous. Lycus, a defender of Thebes in the war of the Seven against Thebes . Lycus and Pernis are listed by Hyginus as parents of Ascalaphus and Ialmenus , who are otherwise known as sons of Ares and Astyoche . Lycus , son of Ares and
300-641: A feature in the Amazonis quadrangle on Mars Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Lycus . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lycus&oldid=1253976587#Rivers " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text Short description
350-477: A lack of contemporaneous evidence. Several theories exist about what Hellenic dialect groups may have existed between the divergence of early Greek-like speech from the common Proto-Indo-European language and the Classical period. They have the same general outline but differ in some of the detail. The only attested dialect from this period is Mycenaean Greek , but its relationship to the historical dialects and
400-419: A lesser degree. Pamphylian Greek , spoken in a small area on the southwestern coast of Anatolia and little preserved in inscriptions, may be either a fifth major dialect group, or it is Mycenaean Greek overlaid by Doric, with a non-Greek native influence. Regarding the speech of the ancient Macedonians diverse theories have been put forward, but the epigraphic activity and the archaeological discoveries in
450-500: A list of Greek mythological figures with the same or similar names. If an internal link for a specific Greek mythology article referred you to this page, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended Greek mythology article, if one exists. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lycus_(mythology)&oldid=1259779569 " Categories : Set index articles on Greek mythology Kings in Greek mythology Sons of Aegyptus Characters in
500-498: A prefix /e-/, called the augment . This was probably originally a separate word, meaning something like "then", added because tenses in PIE had primarily aspectual meaning. The augment is added to the indicative of the aorist, imperfect, and pluperfect, but not to any of the other forms of the aorist (no other forms of the imperfect and pluperfect exist). The two kinds of augment in Greek are syllabic and quantitative. The syllabic augment
550-765: A river in the Black Sea Region of Turkey and the longest tributary of the Yeşil River Platani (river) , a river of Sicily, was sometimes also called the Lycus. Lycus (river of Constantinople) , a stream on the Byzantine peninsula that flowed into the Harbour of Theodosius in Constantinople on the Propontis (now Yenikapı, Istanbul) Fictional characters [ edit ] Karl Lykos ,
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#1732772650324600-546: A ruler of the ancient city of Ancient Thebes Lycus (descendant of Lycus) , son of Lycus (brother of Nycteus), appearing in Euripides's Heracles Lycus, son of Poseidon Rivers [ edit ] Lycos or Great Zab , a river of Assyria, located in modern-day Turkey and Iraq Lycus (river of Bithynia) , flows into the Black Sea (Pontus Euxinus) near Heraclea Pontica Lycus (river of Cilicia) , flows from
650-608: A separate historical stage, though its earliest form closely resembles Attic Greek , and its latest form approaches Medieval Greek . There were several regional dialects of Ancient Greek; Attic Greek developed into Koine. Ancient Greek was a pluricentric language , divided into many dialects. The main dialect groups are Attic and Ionic , Aeolic , Arcadocypriot , and Doric , many of them with several subdivisions. Some dialects are found in standardized literary forms in literature , while others are attested only in inscriptions. There are also several historical forms. Homeric Greek
700-521: A slave to his own wife, Dirce . Lycus , a descendant of the above Lycus, said to have usurped the power over Thebes . Lycus, son of Dascylus of Mysia or Mariandyne . He was hospitable towards the Argonauts and Heracles , who conquered the land of the Bebryces ( Heraclea Pontica ). He is apparently identical with the Lycus given as a son of Titias , brother of Priolaus and eponym of
750-619: A son of Aegyptus either by Eurryroe , daughter of the river-god Nilus , or Isaie , daughter of King Agenor of Tyre . Lycus married the Danaid Agave , daughter of Danaus and Europe . Lycus , son of Poseidon and Celaeno . Lycus, the "loudvoiced" satyr herald of Dionysus during the Indian War. In secret union, Hermes fathered him, Pherespondus and Pronomus , by Iphthime , daughter of Dorus . Eiraphiotes (i.e. Dionysus) entrusted to these three satyr brothers
800-630: A standard subject of study in educational institutions of the Western world since the Renaissance . This article primarily contains information about the Epic and Classical periods of the language, which are the best-attested periods and considered most typical of Ancient Greek. From the Hellenistic period ( c. 300 BC ), Ancient Greek was followed by Koine Greek , which is regarded as
850-510: A vowel or /n s r/ ; final stops were lost, as in γάλα "milk", compared with γάλακτος "of milk" (genitive). Ancient Greek of the classical period also differed in both the inventory and distribution of original PIE phonemes due to numerous sound changes, notably the following: The pronunciation of Ancient Greek was very different from that of Modern Greek . Ancient Greek had long and short vowels ; many diphthongs ; double and single consonants; voiced, voiceless, and aspirated stops ; and
900-570: Is a literary form of Archaic Greek (derived primarily from Ionic and Aeolic) used in the epic poems , the Iliad and the Odyssey , and in later poems by other authors. Homeric Greek had significant differences in grammar and pronunciation from Classical Attic and other Classical-era dialects. The origins, early form and development of the Hellenic language family are not well understood because of
950-418: Is added to stems beginning with consonants, and simply prefixes e (stems beginning with r , however, add er ). The quantitative augment is added to stems beginning with vowels, and involves lengthening the vowel: Some verbs augment irregularly; the most common variation is e → ei . The irregularity can be explained diachronically by the loss of s between vowels, or that of the letter w , which affected
1000-666: Is called 'East Greek'. Arcadocypriot apparently descended more closely from the Mycenaean Greek of the Bronze Age. Boeotian Greek had come under a strong Northwest Greek influence, and can in some respects be considered a transitional dialect, as exemplified in the poems of the Boeotian poet Pindar who wrote in Doric with a small Aeolic admixture. Thessalian likewise had come under Northwest Greek influence, though to
1050-448: Is considered by some linguists to have been closely related to Greek . Among Indo-European branches with living descendants, Greek is often argued to have the closest genetic ties with Armenian (see also Graeco-Armenian ) and Indo-Iranian languages (see Graeco-Aryan ). Ancient Greek differs from Proto-Indo-European (PIE) and other Indo-European languages in certain ways. In phonotactics , ancient Greek words could end only in
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#17327726503241100-565: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Lycus (mythology) Lycus ( / ˈ l aɪ k ə s / LY -kəs ; Ancient Greek : Λύκος , romanized : Lúkos , lit. 'wolf') is the name of multiple people in Greek mythology : Lycus, one of the Telchines who fought under Dionysus in his Indian campaign. He
1150-463: Is otherwise said to have erected a temple to Apollo Lycius on the banks of Xanthus river. Lycus, son of Prometheus and Celaeno , brother of Chimaerus . The brothers are said to have had tombs in the Troad ; they are otherwise unknown. Lycus of Athens, a wolf-shaped herο, whose shrine stood by the jurycourt, and the first jurors were named after him. Lycus, an Egyptian prince as one of
1200-708: The Greek region of Macedonia during the last decades has brought to light documents, among which the first texts written in Macedonian , such as the Pella curse tablet , as Hatzopoulos and other scholars note. Based on the conclusions drawn by several studies and findings such as Pella curse tablet , Emilio Crespo and other scholars suggest that ancient Macedonian was a Northwest Doric dialect , which shares isoglosses with its neighboring Thessalian dialects spoken in northeastern Thessaly . Some have also suggested an Aeolic Greek classification. The Lesbian dialect
1250-501: The present , future , and imperfect are imperfective in aspect; the aorist , present perfect , pluperfect and future perfect are perfective in aspect. Most tenses display all four moods and three voices, although there is no future subjunctive or imperative. Also, there is no imperfect subjunctive, optative or imperative. The infinitives and participles correspond to the finite combinations of tense, aspect, and voice. The indicative of past tenses adds (conceptually, at least)
1300-413: The sons of King Aegyptus . He suffered the same fate as his other brothers, save Lynceus of Argos , when they were slain on their wedding night by their wives who obeyed the command of their father King Danaus of Libya . Lycus was the son of Aegyptus by Argyphia , a woman of royal blood and thus full brother of Lynceus, Proteus , Enceladus , Busiris and Daiphron . In some accounts, he could be
1350-1031: The 5th century BC. Ancient pronunciation cannot be reconstructed with certainty, but Greek from the period is well documented, and there is little disagreement among linguists as to the general nature of the sounds that the letters represent. /oː/ raised to [uː] , probably by the 4th century BC. Greek, like all of the older Indo-European languages , is highly inflected. It is highly archaic in its preservation of Proto-Indo-European forms. In ancient Greek, nouns (including proper nouns) have five cases ( nominative , genitive , dative , accusative , and vocative ), three genders ( masculine , feminine , and neuter ), and three numbers (singular, dual , and plural ). Verbs have four moods ( indicative , imperative , subjunctive , and optative ) and three voices (active, middle, and passive ), as well as three persons (first, second, and third) and various other forms. Verbs are conjugated through seven combinations of tenses and aspect (generally simply called "tenses"):
1400-648: The Aeneid Mythological people from Anatolia Egyptian characters in Greek mythology Mythological Thracians Metamorphoses into birds in Greek mythology Progenitors in Greek mythology Hidden categories: Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text All articles containing suspected AI-generated sources Articles containing suspected AI-generated sources from November 2024 All set index articles Ancient Greek language Ancient Greek ( Ἑλληνῐκή , Hellēnikḗ ; [hellɛːnikɛ́ː] ) includes
1450-495: The Archaic period of ancient Greek (see Homeric Greek for more details): Μῆνιν ἄειδε, θεά, Πηληϊάδεω Ἀχιλῆος οὐλομένην, ἣ μυρί' Ἀχαιοῖς ἄλγε' ἔθηκε, πολλὰς δ' ἰφθίμους ψυχὰς Ἄϊδι προΐαψεν ἡρώων, αὐτοὺς δὲ ἑλώρια τεῦχε κύνεσσιν οἰωνοῖσί τε πᾶσι· Διὸς δ' ἐτελείετο βουλή· ἐξ οὗ δὴ τὰ πρῶτα διαστήτην ἐρίσαντε Ἀτρεΐδης τε ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν καὶ δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς. The beginning of Apology by Plato exemplifies Attic Greek from
1500-738: The Perseus Digital Library . Euripides , The Complete Greek Drama edited by Whitney J. Oates and Eugene O'Neill, Jr. in two volumes. 1. Heracles, translated by E. P. Coleridge. New York. Random House. 1938. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Euripides, Euripidis Fabulae. vol. 2 . Gilbert Murray. Oxford. Clarendon Press, Oxford. 1913. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library . Gaius Julius Hyginus , Fabulae from The Myths of Hyginus translated and edited by Mary Grant. University of Kansas Publications in Humanistic Studies. Online version at
1550-503: The Perseus Digital Library . Pausanias , Description of Greece with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. ISBN 0-674-99328-4 . Online version at the Perseus Digital Library Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio. 3 vols . Leipzig, Teubner. 1903. Greek text available at
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1600-562: The Perseus Digital Library . Publius Ovidius Naso , Metamorphoses translated by Brookes More (1859–1942). Boston, Cornhill Publishing Co. 1922. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Publius Ovidius Naso, Metamorphoses. Hugo Magnus. Gotha (Germany). Friedr. Andr. Perthes. 1892. Latin text available at the Perseus Digital Library . Publius Papinius Statius , The Thebaid translated by John Henry Mozley. Loeb Classical Library Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1928. Online version at
1650-5490: The Perseus Digital Library . Strabo , The Geography of Strabo. Edition by H.L. Jones. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Strabo, Geographica edited by A. Meineke. Leipzig: Teubner. 1877. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library. v t e Metamorphoses in Greek mythology Animals Avian Abas Acanthis Acanthus Acmon Aëdon Aegolius Aegypius Aëtos Aesacus Agrius and Oreius Agron Alcander Alcyone Alcyone and Ceyx Alcyonides Alectryon Anthus Antigone Argus Arne Sithonis Artemiche Ascalaphus Asteria Autonous Botres Bulis Byssa Caeneus Celeus Cerberus Chelidon Cinyras Clinis Combe Corone Ctesylla Cycnus of Aetolia Cycnus of Ares Cycnus of Colonae Cycnus of Liguria Daedalion Erinoma Erodius Eumelus Gerana Harmothoë Harpalyce Harpasus Harpe Hierax Hippodamia Hyperippe Hyria Ictinus Idas Ino Itys Iynx Laius Lelante Lycius Lycus Megaletor Meleagrids Memnonides Meropis Merops Minyades Munichus Neophron Nisus Nyctaea Nyctimene Oenoe Oenotropae Ortygius Pandareus Pelia Perdix Periphas Peristera Picus Pierides Phene Philaeus Philomela Pleiades Polyphonte Polytechnus Procne Rhexenor Schoeneus Scylla Tereus Timandra Non-avian Abas Actaeon Arachne Arcas Arge Aristaeus Ascalabus Atalanta Cadmus Calchus Callisto Cephissus Cerambus Cercopes Chelone Circe Curetes Cynosura Galanthis Gale Harmonia Hecuba Helice Hippomenes Io Lycaon Lycian peasants Lyncus Melanippe Melian nymphs Melissa Minyades Myia Myrmex Naïs Nerites Ocyrhoe Odysseus Pentheus Phalanx Phineus Phoenice Pompilus Taygete Theophane Tiresias Titanis Tithonus Tyrrhenian pirates Aethalides Alcimedon Dictys Epopeus Melas Medon Opheltes [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Base appearance Achilles Antigone Charybdis Lamia Medusa Midas Mulberry fruit Phaon Scylla Sirens White raven Humanoids Arne Calliste Cymodoce Cephalus' wife Galatea Leleges Myrmidons Nephele Spartoi Weasel Inanimate objects Aconteus Aglaurus Alcmene Anaxarete Ariadne Arsinoë Aspalis Battus Britomartis Calydon Cercopes Cragaleus Daphnis Iodame Laelaps Lethaea Lyco and Orphe Olenus Pallas Pandareus Phineus Polydectes Proetus Propoetides Pyrrhus Teumessian fox Wolf Landforms Achelous Acheron Acis Aea Alope Alpheus Arethusa (Boeotia) Arethusa (Elis) Arethusa (Ithaca) Asteria Atlas Aura Byblis Calliste Castalia Chione Cleite Comaetho Cyane Dirce Haemus Lichas Lilaeus Manto Marsyas Menippe and Metioche Niobe Perimele Pirene Pyramus and Thisbe Rhodope Rhodopis Sangas Selemnus Sybaris Opposite sex Caeneus Hermaphroditus Iphis Leucippus Salmacis Siproites Sithon Tiresias Plants Adonis Agdistis Ajax Amaracus Ambrosia Ampelus Anethus Attis Baucis and Philemon Calamus Carpus Carya Cissus Clytie Crocus Cyparissus Daphne Diopatra Dryope Elaea Elate Eteocleides Heliades Aegle Dioxippe Lampetia Merope Phaethusa Phoebe Hesperides Aegle Erytheia Hyacinthus Leuce Leucothoe Libanus Lotis Lycurgus Mecon Melos Messapians Milk Minthe Myrice Myrina Myrsine Narcissus Oechalides Philyra Phyllis Picolous Pitys Platanus Psalacantha Saliva Side Smilax Smyrna Spear Syceus Syrinx Voluntary Greek gods Kobalos Mestra Periclymenus Other Cumaean Sibyl Echo Hyades Hylas Milk of Hera Pleiades False myths Acantha Amethyste Orchis Rhodanthe Metamorphoses [REDACTED] [REDACTED] This article includes
1700-957: The Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website . Apollonius Rhodius , Argonautica translated by Robert Cooper Seaton (1853–1915), R. C. Loeb Classical Library Volume 001. London, William Heinemann Ltd, 1912. Online version at the Topos Text Project. Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica . George W. Mooney. London. Longmans, Green. 1912. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library . Diodorus Siculus , The Library of History translated by Charles Henry Oldfather . Twelve volumes. Loeb Classical Library . Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. 1989. Vol. 3. Books 4.59–8. Online version at Bill Thayer's Web Site Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica. Vol 1-2 . Immanel Bekker. Ludwig Dindorf. Friedrich Vogel. in aedibus B. G. Teubneri. Leipzig. 1888-1890. Greek text available at
1750-538: The Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website . Nonnus of Panopolis , Dionysiaca translated by William Henry Denham Rouse (1863–1950), from the Loeb Classical Library, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1940. Online version at the Topos Text Project. Nonnus of Panopolis, Dionysiaca. 3 Vols. W.H.D. Rouse. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1940-1942. Greek text available at
1800-868: The Pyramus to the Pinarus Lycus, now known as Kouris, in Cyprus that flows into the Mediterranean Sea at Kourion Lycus (river of Lydia) , a tributary of the Hyllus river Lycus (river of Mysia) , near Carseae Lycus (river of Phoenicia) , also known as Nahr al-Kalb, flows into the Mediterranean near Beirut Lycus (river of Phrygia) , a historical river, a tributary of the Maeander Lycus (river of Pontus) , modern Kelkit,
1850-430: The Topos Text Project. Herodotus , The Histories with an English translation by A. D. Godley. Cambridge. Harvard University Press. 1920. Online version at the Topos Text Project. Greek text available at Perseus Digital Library . Lucius Mestrius Plutarchus , Moralia with an English Translation by Frank Cole Babbitt. Cambridge, MA. Harvard University Press. London. William Heinemann Ltd. 1936. Online version at
1900-547: The Topos Text Project. Publius Papinius Statius, The Thebaid. Vol I-II . John Henry Mozley. London: William Heinemann; New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. 1928. Latin text available at the Perseus Digital Library. Publius Vergilius Maro , Aeneid. Theodore C. Williams. trans. Boston. Houghton Mifflin Co. 1910. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Publius Vergilius Maro, Bucolics, Aeneid, and Georgics . J. B. Greenough. Boston. Ginn & Co. 1900. Latin text available at
1950-550: The aorist. Following Homer 's practice, the augment is sometimes not made in poetry , especially epic poetry. The augment sometimes substitutes for reduplication; see below. Almost all forms of the perfect, pluperfect, and future perfect reduplicate the initial syllable of the verb stem. (A few irregular forms of perfect do not reduplicate, whereas a handful of irregular aorists reduplicate.) The three types of reduplication are: Irregular duplication can be understood diachronically. For example, lambanō (root lab ) has
2000-419: The augment when it was word-initial. In verbs with a preposition as a prefix, the augment is placed not at the start of the word, but between the preposition and the original verb. For example, προσ(-)βάλλω (I attack) goes to προσ έ βαλoν in the aorist. However compound verbs consisting of a prefix that is not a preposition retain the augment at the start of the word: αὐτο(-)μολῶ goes to ηὐ τομόλησα in
2050-438: The center of Greek scholarship, this division of people and language is quite similar to the results of modern archaeological-linguistic investigation. One standard formulation for the dialects is: West vs. non-West Greek is the strongest-marked and earliest division, with non-West in subsets of Ionic-Attic (or Attic-Ionic) and Aeolic vs. Arcadocypriot, or Aeolic and Arcado-Cypriot vs. Ionic-Attic. Often non-West
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2100-615: The dialect of Sparta ), and Northern Peloponnesus Doric (including Corinthian ). All the groups were represented by colonies beyond Greece proper as well, and these colonies generally developed local characteristics, often under the influence of settlers or neighbors speaking different Greek dialects. After the conquests of Alexander the Great in the late 4th century BC, a new international dialect known as Koine or Common Greek developed, largely based on Attic Greek , but with influence from other dialects. This dialect slowly replaced most of
2150-569: The dignity of 'the staff of their wisdom-fostering father, the herald of heaven'. Lycus, son of Arrhetus and Laobie, who, together with his father and brothers, fought under Deriades against Dionysus. Lycus , son of Pandion II and brother of King Aegeus of Athens . Lycus , son of Hyrieus and Clonia , and brother of Nycteus . He became the guardian of Labdacus and Laius . Nycteus, unable to retrieve his daughter Antiope from Epopeus of Sicyon , sent his brother Lycus to take her. He invaded Sicyon, killed Epopeus and gave Antiope as
2200-673: The forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek ( c. 1400–1200 BC ), Dark Ages ( c. 1200–800 BC ), the Archaic or Epic period ( c. 800–500 BC ), and the Classical period ( c. 500–300 BC ). Ancient Greek was the language of Homer and of fifth-century Athenian historians, playwrights, and philosophers . It has contributed many words to English vocabulary and has been
2250-561: The historical Dorians . The invasion is known to have displaced population to the later Attic-Ionic regions, who regarded themselves as descendants of the population displaced by or contending with the Dorians. The Greeks of this period believed there were three major divisions of all Greek people – Dorians, Aeolians, and Ionians (including Athenians), each with their own defining and distinctive dialects. Allowing for their oversight of Arcadian, an obscure mountain dialect, and Cypriot, far from
2300-476: The historical circumstances of the times imply that the overall groups already existed in some form. Scholars assume that major Ancient Greek period dialect groups developed not later than 1120 BC, at the time of the Dorian invasions —and that their first appearances as precise alphabetic writing began in the 8th century BC. The invasion would not be "Dorian" unless the invaders had some cultural relationship to
2350-508: The older dialects, although the Doric dialect has survived in the Tsakonian language , which is spoken in the region of modern Sparta. Doric has also passed down its aorist terminations into most verbs of Demotic Greek . By about the 6th century AD, the Koine had slowly metamorphosed into Medieval Greek . Phrygian is an extinct Indo-European language of West and Central Anatolia , which
2400-487: The perfect stem eilēpha (not * lelēpha ) because it was originally slambanō , with perfect seslēpha , becoming eilēpha through compensatory lengthening. Reduplication is also visible in the present tense stems of certain verbs. These stems add a syllable consisting of the root's initial consonant followed by i . A nasal stop appears after the reduplication in some verbs. The earliest extant examples of ancient Greek writing ( c. 1450 BC ) are in
2450-517: The syllabic script Linear B . Beginning in the 8th century BC, however, the Greek alphabet became standard, albeit with some variation among dialects. Early texts are written in boustrophedon style, but left-to-right became standard during the classic period. Modern editions of ancient Greek texts are usually written with accents and breathing marks , interword spacing , modern punctuation , and sometimes mixed case , but these were all introduced later. The beginning of Homer 's Iliad exemplifies
2500-480: Was Aeolic. For example, fragments of the works of the poet Sappho from the island of Lesbos are in Aeolian. Most of the dialect sub-groups listed above had further subdivisions, generally equivalent to a city-state and its surrounding territory, or to an island. Doric notably had several intermediate divisions as well, into Island Doric (including Cretan Doric ), Southern Peloponnesus Doric (including Laconian ,
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