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159-596: The Lyons Pool Recreation Center (also known as the Joseph H. Lyons Pool and Tompkinsville Pool ) is a 3.2-acre (1.3 ha) public swimming pool complex in the Tompkinsville neighborhood of Staten Island in New York City . The complex is situated on the island's North Shore , next to New York Harbor , and consists of a general swimming pool and two smaller pools for diving and wading. The pool complex
318-665: A mullion separating them, that open outward with opposing hinges to a terrace or porch, are referred to as a French window . Sometimes these are set in pairs or multiples thereof along the exterior wall of a very large room, but often, one French window is placed centrally in a typically sized room, perhaps among other fixed windows flanking the feature. French windows are known as porte-fenêtre in France and portafinestra in Italy, and frequently are used in modern houses. Double-paned windows have two parallel panes (slabs of glass) with
477-410: A redwood or simulated wood surround, and are termed "portable" as they may be placed on a patio rather than sunken into a permanent location. Some portable spas are shallow and narrow enough to fit sideways through a standard door and be used inside a room. Low power electric immersion heaters are common with home spas. Whirlpool tubs first became popular in the U.S. during the 1960s and 1970s. A spa
636-412: A brick facade and rounded corners. The west wing's roof is composed of two shorter sections to the north and south, both of which have stairs leading up to the boiler room's tall roof in the center. There is a mechanical dormer with a fan room on the northernmost section of the west wing's roof, while there are no structures on the southernmost section's roof. The pool area occupies much of the site. Along
795-460: A coin to be inserted in a slot, either as deposit or payment. There are usually showers – sometimes mandatory – before and/or after swimming. There are often also lifeguards to ensure the safety of users. Wading or paddling pools are shallow bodies of water intended for use by small children, usually in parks. Concrete wading pools come in many shapes, traditionally rectangle, square or circle. Some are filled and drained daily due to lack of
954-471: A concession area, remained closed until 1987. Soon after the pool reopened, several violent incidents were reported there, including multiple attacks on lifeguards. The LPC considered the pool for landmark status in 1990, along with nine of the other ten WPA pools in the city, following efforts from preservationists who wanted to designate Brooklyn's McCarren Pool as a landmark. At a public hearing in April 1990,
1113-420: A concrete water table and is divided vertically into sixteen bays , which are grouped in three sections. The easternmost section is two bays wide and contains a curved corner; within the easternmost section, the bricks are laid in horizontal courses , which are variously recessed or flush with the rest of the facade. Each bay of the eastern section is flanked by round columns and, from bottom to top, consists of
1272-671: A custom size and shape or built to a standardized size, the largest of which is the Olympic-size swimming pool . Many health clubs , fitness centers , and private clubs have pools used mostly for exercise or recreation. It is common for municipalities of every size to provide pools for public use. Many of these municipal pools are outdoor pools but indoor pools can also be found in buildings such as natatoriums and leisure centers . Hotels may have pools available for their guests to use at their own leisure. Subdivisions and apartment complexes may also have pools for residents to use. Pools as
1431-445: A domed ceiling. Construction drawings indicate that the ceiling may have once contained a mural, and that the frieze and clerestory walls may have contained stenciled decorations; by the 21st century, the frieze, clerestory walls, and ceiling were all painted in an off-white color. There are also various signs, doors, and louvers placed on the rotunda's perimeter wall ,as well as spotlights on the walls and ceiling. Turnstiles are placed on
1590-423: A door and some windows, flanked by round columns, and is illuminated by a lamp. The other nine bays consists of a red brick wall segment topped by segmentally arched openings with hopper windows. The bays are separated by protruding round columns, and there is a sheet-metal coping and a railing above the facade. In two of the bays, the red-brick wall segments beneath the windows contain metal doors. Additionally, there
1749-410: A double-hung, or in-line. The inline versions can be made to fold inward or outward. The inward swinging foldup windows can have fixed screens, while the outward swinging ones require movable screens. The windows are typically used for screen rooms, kitchen pass-throughs, or egress. A horizontal sliding sash window has two or more sashes that overlap slightly but slide horizontally within the frame. In
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#17327804202401908-510: A feature in hotels are more common in tourist areas or near convention centers . Educational facilities such as high schools and universities sometimes have pools for physical education classes, recreational activities, leisure, and competitive athletics such as swimming teams. Hot tubs and spas are pools filled with water that is heated and then used for relaxation or hydrotherapy . Specially designed swimming pools are also used for diving , water sports, and physical therapy , as well as for
2067-416: A filter system. Staff chlorinate the water to ensure health and safety standards. The Fédération Internationale de la Natation (FINA, International Swimming Federation) sets standards for competition pools: 25 or 50 m (82 or 164 ft) long and at least 1.35 m (4.4 ft) deep. Competition pools are generally indoors and heated to enable their use all year round, and to more easily comply with
2226-543: A floating raft in the river. The coffee was kept hot over a fire; club members had to tread water and drink coffee at the same time. The last swimmers managed to overturn the raft, to the amusement of 150 spectators. The Amateur Swimming Association was founded in 1869 in England, and the Oxford Swimming Club in 1909. The presence of indoor baths in the cobbled area of Merton Street might have persuaded
2385-456: A friction device to hold the window open against its weight and may have restriction and reversed locking built-in. In the UK, where this type of window is most common, they were extensively installed in high-rise social housing. A tilt and slide window is a window (more usually a door-sized window) where the sash tilts inwards at the top similar to a hopper window and then slides horizontally behind
2544-462: A grille. The facade is topped by bluestone coping and a steel railing. The eastern elevation is divided into two sections by a smokestack at the center of the facade. In the southern half of this elevation, the southernmost bay leads to the stair on the southern elevation. Between this stair and the smokestack are six bays, with red-brick wall segments and segmentally arched windows separated by round columns; two of these bays have doors, and one bay has
2703-490: A high temperature, thereby heightening its strong chemical smell. Ozone is an effective bactericide and is commonly included in the circulation system with cartridge filtration, but not with sand media filtration due to clogging problems with turbid body fats. In the early 20th century, especially in Australia, ocean pools were built, typically on headlands by enclosing part of the rock shelf, with water circulated through
2862-507: A landmark on September 16, 2008. During this decade, The New York Times referred to the Lyons Pool as a "summer wonderland", although it was no longer free to enter, being open only to NYC Parks members. NYC Parks implemented restrictions at the main pool in 2012, requiring lap swimmers to use a smaller area of the pool and swim across its width; in response, several swimmers wrote to Mayor Michael Bloomberg to protest this change. After
3021-426: A larger leisure center or recreational complex. These centres often have more than one pool, such as an indoor heated pool, an outdoor ( chlorinated , saltwater or ozonated ) pool which may be heated or unheated, a shallower children's pool, and a paddling pool for toddlers and infants. There may also be a sauna and one or more hot tubs or spa pools (" jacuzzis "). Many upscale hotels and holiday resorts have
3180-642: A list of 23 pools around the city, including a brand-new pool in Tompkinsville, Staten Island . The pools would be built using funds from the WPA. Eleven of these pools were to be designed concurrently and open in 1936. Moses, along with architects Aymar Embury II and Gilmore David Clarke , created a common design for each of the 11 proposed aquatic centers. Each location was to have distinct pools for diving, swimming, and wading; bleachers and viewing areas; and bathhouses with locker rooms that could be used as gymnasiums. The pools were to have several common features, such as
3339-492: A long-standing motif of pointed or rounded window-shapes in ecclesiastical buildings, still seen in many churches today. Peter Smith discusses overall trends in early-modern rural Welsh window architecture: Up to about 1680 windows tended to be horizontal in proportion, a shape suitable for lighting the low-ceilinged rooms that had resulted from the insertion of the upper floor into the hall-house. After that date vertically proportioned windows came into fashion, partly at least as
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#17327804202403498-419: A louver. The facade is topped by bluestone coping and a steel railing. At the center of the facade, a semicircular smokestack protrudes from a concave niche and tapers as it rises. The top of the smokestack is ornamented with the logo of New York City Department of Parks and Recreation (NYC Parks) and horizontal concrete bands. The northern half of the eastern elevation is eight bays wide and similar in design to
3657-480: A louvered doorway. The northwest corner of the rotunda contains a curved brick wall, which conceals a concrete stairway that, until the 1980s, was connected to a footbridge above the Staten Island Railway's Tompkinsville station . The interior of the rotunda is a circular space with ticket counters, a package room, and an alcove with telephones. Hallways lead south to the men's lockers and showers in
3816-525: A millennium before window glass became transparent enough to see through clearly, as we expect now. In 1154, Al-Idrisi described glass windows as a feature of the palace belonging to the king of the Ghana Empire . Over the centuries techniques were developed to shear through one side of a blown glass cylinder and produce thinner rectangular window panes from the same amount of glass material. This gave rise to tall narrow windows, usually separated by
3975-563: A minimum 55-yard (50 m) length, underwater lighting, heating, filtration, and low-cost construction materials. To fit the requirement for cheap materials, each building would be built using elements of the Streamline Moderne and Classical architectural styles. The buildings would also be near "comfort stations", additional playgrounds, and spruced-up landscapes. Moses had planned a single pool in Staten Island, which
4134-639: A new recreation center at Tompkinsville in 2021, and the recreation center was named for Mary Cali Dalton, former director of recreation for Staten Island, that year. In November 2022, NYC Parks and the New York City Department of Design and Construction (DDC) announced that the Mary Cali Dalton Recreation Center was to be built above the Lyons Pool's parking lot at a cost of $ 92 million. Designed by ikon.5 and built by Kokolakis Contracting, this recreation center
4293-453: A physical disability) where gradual entry is useful. Indoor pools are located inside a building with a roof and are insulated by at least three walls. Built for year-round swimming or training, they are found in all climate types. Since the buildings around indoor pools are insulated, heat escapes much less, making it less expensive to heat indoor pools than outdoor pools (all of whose heat escapes). Architecturally, an indoor pool may look like
4452-533: A play area continued through the 1950s. During the 1950s, to prevent overcrowding, NYC Parks continued to ban adults from using the pool area during weekday mornings, when the pool hosted swimming lessons. The pool also had an adult-swimming program during the weekend. The city government provided funds in 1950 for repairs to the pool complex's heating systems. The local chapter of the Police Athletic League of New York City began hosting meetings at
4611-455: A portable children's pool was placed on Hannah Street, and city officials contemplated using the recreation center as a temporary homeless shelter. The Lyons Pool's reconstruction was supposed to be completed in June 1986 but was delayed due to material shortages. The pool reopened on August 11, 1986, and was rededicated ten days later on August 21. A roof deck above the recreation center, as well as
4770-686: A potential risk of underwater entrapment from the pump suction forces. However, commercial installations in many countries must comply with various safety standards which reduce this risk considerably. Home spas are a worldwide retail item in western countries since the 1980s, and are sold in dedicated spa stores, pool shops, department stores , the Internet, and catalog sales books. They are almost always made from heat-extruded acrylic sheet Perspex , often colored in marble look-alike patterns. They rarely exceed 6 m (65 sq ft) and are typically 1 m (3 ft 3 in) deep, restricted by
4929-421: A recessed brick wall, a concrete window sill, a hopper window , and an aluminum window with a grille. This section is topped by a bluestone parapet . The central section is eight bays wide and is recessed behind a concrete-and-gravel areaway with mechanical equipment. Each bay of the central section has a red brick wall segment topped by segmentally arched openings with windows or ventilation louvers. The bays in
Lyons Pool Recreation Center - Misplaced Pages Continue
5088-501: A renovation of the pools, costing $ 168,574. Staten Island Community Board 1 listed the pool's reconstruction as one of its highest-priority projects. Due to funding shortages, the reconstruction project did not receive any city or federal funds during fiscal year 1979. The city government had allocated $ 3.5 million in August 1980 for a full renovation of the Lyons Pool, including a new deck, new lockers, and upgrades to all three pools. At
5247-548: A response to the Renaissance taste for the high ceiling. Since 1914 the wheel has come full circle and a horizontally proportioned window is again favoured. The spread of plate-glass technology made possible the introduction of picture windows (in Levittown, Pennsylvania , founded 1951–1952 ). Many modern day windows may have a window screen or mesh, often made of aluminum or fibreglass , to keep bugs out when
5406-438: A separation of typically about 1 cm; this space is permanently sealed and filled at the time of manufacture with dry air or other dry nonreactive gas. Such windows provide a marked improvement in thermal insulation (and usually in acoustic insulation as well) and are resistant to fogging and frosting caused by temperature differential. They are widely used for residential and commercial construction in intemperate climates. In
5565-652: A separator ( mullion ). Typically, the cellular window is used for an attic or as a decorative feature, but it can also be a major architectural element to provide the natural lighting inside buildings. A guillotine window is a window that opens vertically. Guillotine windows have more than one sliding frame, and open from bottom to top or top to bottom. EN 12519 is the European standard that describes windows terms officially used in EU Member States. The main terms are: The United States NFRC Window Label lists
5724-638: A seven-year-old girl in 1952. In 1935, before the Tompkinsville Pool had even opened, the New York City Board of Aldermen had agreed to rename the pool after Joseph H. Lyons, a local World War I veteran who had died in 1934. The pool was formally rededicated in Lyons's honor in 1938. A plaque honoring Lyons was installed on the bathhouse's Victory Boulevard elevation, near the entrance. Alteration drawings were filed in 1944 for repairs to
5883-665: A similar level of protection for the children residing in or visiting the house, although many pool owners prefer the visual aspect of the pool in close proximity to their living areas, and will not provide this level of protection. There is no consensus between states or countries on the requirements to fence private swimming pools, and in many places they are not required at all, particularly in rural settings. Inexpensive temporary polyvinyl chloride pools can be bought in supermarkets and taken down after summer. They are used mostly outdoors in yards, are typically shallow, and often their sides are inflated with air to stay rigid. When finished,
6042-583: A single-story bathhouse, a main swimming pool, and smaller wading and diving pools next to it. Workers had already begun constructing the pool. The U.S. government provided $ 809,428 for the Tompkinsville Park Pool in July 1935; at the time, eight of the pools were under construction simultaneously. By mid-1936, ten of the eleven WPA-funded pools were completed and were being opened at a rate of one per week. Workers were putting finishing touches on
6201-662: A swimming pool for use by their guests. If a pool is in a separate building, the building may be called a natatorium . The building may sometimes also have facilities for related activities, such as a diving tank. Larger pools sometimes have a diving board affixed at one edge above the water. Many public swimming pools are rectangles 25 m or 50 m long, but they can be any size and shape. There are also elaborate pools with artificial waterfalls , fountains, splash pads , wave machines, varying depths of water, bridges, and island bars. Some swimming facilities have lockers for clothing and other belongings. The lockers can require
6360-722: A unified New York City Department of Parks and Recreation . At the time, the United States was experiencing the Great Depression ; immediately after La Guardia won the 1933 election , Moses began to write "a plan for putting 80,000 men to work on 1,700 relief projects". By the time he was in office, several hundred projects were underway across the city. Moses was especially interested in creating new pools and other bathing facilities, such as those in Jacob Riis Park , Jones Beach , and Orchard Beach . He devised
6519-474: A vertical support called a mullion . Mullioned glass windows were the windows of choice among the European well-to-do, whereas paper windows were economical and widely used in ancient China, Korea, and Japan. In England, glass became common in the windows of ordinary homes only in the early-17th century, whereas windows made up of panes of flattened animal horn were used as early as the 14th century. Modern-style floor-to-ceiling windows became possible only after
Lyons Pool Recreation Center - Misplaced Pages Continue
6678-429: A wall, typically without glazing bars , or glazed with only perfunctory glazing bars ( muntins ) near the edge of the window. Picture windows provide an unimpeded view, as if framing a picture. A multi-lite window is a window glazed with small panes of glass separated by wooden or lead glazing bars , or muntins , arranged in a decorative glazing pattern often dictated by the building's architectural style. Due to
6837-561: A water garden to be a part of the system, offer different aesthetic options and can support amphibious wildlife such as snails, frogs, and salamanders, and even small fish if desired. A zero-entry swimming pool , also called a beach entry swimming pool , has an edge or entry that gradually slopes from the deck into the water, becoming deeper with each step, in the manner of a natural beach. As there are no stairs or ladders to navigate, this type of entry assists older people, young children and people with accessibility problems (e.g., people with
6996-493: Is a door with a jalousie window. A clerestory window is a window set in a roof structure or high in a wall, used for daylighting . A skylight is a window built into a roof structure. This type of window allows for natural daylight and moonlight. A roof window is a sloped window used for daylighting , built into a roof structure. It is one of the few windows that could be used as an exit. Larger roof windows meet building codes for emergency evacuation. A roof lantern
7155-437: Is a metal sign above the doors, with the name "Joseph H. Lyons Pool", as well as lights and an alarm box on the facade. Above the doorways is an upper clerestory level with tall, narrow segmentally arched openings; these contain aluminum sash windows. A bluestone coping is placed atop the upper clerestory level, as well as above the rotunda's drum. To the west of this rotunda is a set of windows with grilles above them, as well as
7314-506: Is a multi-paned glass structure, resembling a small building, built on a roof for day or moon light. Sometimes includes an additional clerestory . May also be called a cupola . A bay window is a multi-panel window, with at least three panels set at different angles to create a protrusion from the wall line. An oriel window is a form of bay window. This form most often appears in Tudor-style houses and monasteries. It projects from
7473-400: Is a private casual, relaxing pool, it may go from 1.0 to 2.0 m (3.3 to 6.6 ft) deep. If it is a public pool designed for diving, it may slope from 3.0 to 5.5 m (10 to 18 ft) in the deep end. A children's play pool may be from 0.3 to 1.2 m (1 to 4 ft) deep. Most public pools have differing depths to accommodate different swimmer requirements. In many jurisdictions, it
7632-428: Is a protruding 6-foot-tall (1.8 m) brick wall concealing the women's locker room entrance. Some signage is stenciled onto the facade. The rotunda protrudes from the north wing. The exterior of the rotunda contains two segmental arches, with recessed doors flanked by sidelights and topped by transom windows . These doors lead to the building's lobby, which in turn leads to the locker rooms, showers, and pool. There
7791-723: Is a requirement to show the water depth with clearly marked depths affixed to the pool walls. Pools can be either indoors or outdoors. They can be of any size and shape, and inground or above ground. Most pools are permanent fixtures, while others are temporary, collapsible structures. Private pools are usually smaller than public pools, on average 3.7 m × 7.3 m (12 ft × 24 ft) to 6.1 m × 12.2 m (20 ft × 40 ft) whereas public pools usually start at 20 m (66 ft). Home pools can be permanently built-in, or be assembled above ground and disassembled after summer. Privately owned outdoor pools in backyards or gardens started to proliferate in
7950-468: Is a structure designed to hold water to enable swimming or other leisure activities. Pools can be built into the ground (in-ground pools) or built above ground (as a freestanding construction or as part of a building or other larger structure), and may be found as a feature aboard ocean-liners and cruise ships. In-ground pools are most commonly constructed from materials such as concrete , natural stone, metal, plastic, composite or fiberglass , and can be of
8109-444: Is a swimming pool which produces a visual effect of water extending to the horizon, vanishing, or extending to "infinity". Often, the water appears to fall into an ocean, lake, bay, or other similar body of water. The illusion is most effective whenever there is a significant change in elevation, though having a natural body of water on the horizon is not a limiting factor. Natural pools were developed in central and western Europe in
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#17327804202408268-402: Is also called a "jacuzzi" there, as the word became a generic after-plumbing component manufacturer; Jacuzzi introduced the "spa whirlpool" in 1968. Air bubbles may be introduced into the nozzles via an air-bleed venturi pump that combines cooler air with the incoming heated water to cool the pool if the temperature rises uncomfortably high. Some spas have a constant stream of bubbles fed via
8427-646: Is believed to be the oldest surviving swimming club in Britain. It was formed in 1844, in response to concerns over drownings in the River Medway , especially since would-be rescuers would often drown because they themselves could not swim to safety. The club used to swim in the River Medway, and would hold races, diving competitions and water polo matches. The South East Gazette July 1844 reported an aquatic breakfast party: coffee and biscuits were served on
8586-472: Is commonly used to accommodate water polo. USA Swimming (USA-S) swims in both metric and non-metric pools. However, the international standard is metres, and world records are only recognized when swum in 50 m pools (or 25 m for short course) but 25-yard pools are very common in the US. In general, the shorter the pool, the faster the time for the same distance, since the swimmer gains speed from pushing off
8745-472: Is enclosed by brick parapets and metal railings and was formerly accessible by three staircases. The roof deck was originally made of split brick but was later covered with asphalt. The north wing's has two mechanical dormers that contain fan rooms, as well as a staircase leading to the overpass above the SIR line. Above the office, at the northwest corner of the building, is an unused rectangular concession stand with
8904-523: Is followed by a second section with eight bays, which illuminate the men's lockers and shower rooms; the northernmost of these bays has a pair of windows, while the remaining seven bays have segmentally arched windows separated by round columns. This section has bluestone coping and a metal railing. The third section is three bays wide and is slightly taller than the other sections, with either recessed louvers or blind openings separated by round columns. The fourth, southernmost section has six bays that illuminate
9063-471: Is known as a fanlight, especially in the British Isles. Windows beside a door or window are called side-, wing-, margen-lights, and flanking windows. Also known as a louvered window, the jalousie window consists of parallel slats of glass or acrylic that open and close like a Venetian blind , usually using a crank or a lever. They are used extensively in tropical architecture. A jalousie door
9222-483: Is on the island's North Shore next to New York Harbor . It occupies a site bounded by Murray Hulbert Avenue to the east and southeast, Hannah Street to the south, a dead-end section of Victory Boulevard to the north, and the Staten Island Railway (SIR) to the west. A footbridge crosses the SIR line, connecting the pool complex's entrance with the main portion of Victory Boulevard to the west. Because
9381-539: Is served by a one-story brick bathhouse designed in the Art Moderne style, which runs along the pool to the north and west. The bathhouse consists of a northern wing with women's lockers and shower rooms; a southern wing with men's lockers, a men's shower room, and boiler rooms; and a connecting rotunda with a main lobby. The pool and recreation center are maintained by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation (NYC Parks). The pool and bathhouse, along with
9540-477: Is surrounded by planting beds to the east and north; it has a steep ramp descending north to Victory Boulevard, as well as metal gates with brick cheek-walls leading south to the pool. The facade itself is divided vertically into two bays and contains a curved corner at either end. The lower half of the facade is clad in brick and has two metal doors topped by a cast-concrete canopy. In the upper half, there are hopper windows and recessed tripartite windows above each of
9699-408: Is used in situations where light or vision alone is needed as no ventilation is possible in such windows without the use of trickle vents or overglass vents. A single-hung sash window is a window that has one sash that is movable (usually the bottom one) and the other fixed. This is the earlier form of sliding sash window and is also cheaper. A sash window is the traditional style of window in
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#17327804202409858-596: Is used in two ways: a curved top window in a wall or an eyebrow dormer ; and a row of small windows usually under the front eaves such as the James-Lorah House in Pennsylvania. A fixed window is a window that cannot be opened, whose function is limited to allowing light to enter (unlike an unfixed window, which can open and close). Clerestory windows in church architecture are often fixed. Transom windows may be fixed or operable. This type of window
10017-499: The Staten Island Advance cited the pools as having a capacity of 1,200 swimmers. The Lyons Pool complex is divided into three pools for lap-swimming, diving, and wading. The main pool occupies the northern half of the site. It measures 100 by 165 feet (30 by 50 m) across and is oriented on a west–east axis. When it was rebuilt in the 1980s, a new gutter and ladders, concrete ramp, and pipe railing were added, and
10176-642: The Danish language vindue and Norwegian Bokmål vindu , the direct link to eye is lost, just as for window . The Danish (but not the Bokmål ) word is pronounced fairly similarly to window . Window is first recorded in the early 13th century, and originally referred to an unglazed hole in a roof. Window replaced the Old English eagþyrl , which literally means 'eye-hole', and eagduru 'eye-door'. Many Germanic languages, however, adopted
10335-704: The Guinness Book of World Records as the world's deepest swimming pool reaching 60 metres (200 ft). The Y-40 swimming pool at the Hotel Terme Millepini in Padua , Italy, previously held the record, 42.15 m (138.3 ft), from 2014 until 2021. The Fleishhacker Pool in San Francisco was the largest heated outdoor swimming pool in the United States. Opened on 23 April 1925, it measured 1,000 by 150 ft (300 by 50 m) and
10494-581: The Old Norse vindauga , from vindr 'wind' and auga 'eye'. In Norwegian , Nynorsk , and Icelandic , the Old Norse form has survived to this day (in Icelandic only as a less used word for a type of small open "window", not strictly a synonym for gluggi , the Icelandic word for 'window' ). In Swedish , the word vindöga remains as a term for a hole through the roof of a hut, and in
10653-769: The Royal Roads Military College is on the Canadian Register of Historic Places . According to the Guinness World Records , the largest swimming pool in the world is San Alfonso del Mar Seawater pool in Algarrobo , Chile . It is 1,013 m (3,323 ft) long and has an area of 8 ha (20 acres). At its deepest, it is 3.5 m (11 ft) deep. It was completed in December 2006. The largest indoor wave pool in
10812-540: The palaestras , for nautical games and for military exercises. Roman emperors had private swimming pools in which fish were also kept, hence one of the Latin words for a pool was piscina . The first heated swimming pool was built by Gaius Maecenas in his gardens on the Esquiline Hill of Rome , likely sometime between 38 and 8 BC. Gaius Maecenas was a wealthy imperial advisor to Augustus and considered one of
10971-560: The 13th century BC, the earliest windows were unglazed openings in a roof to admit light during the day. Later, windows were covered with animal hide, cloth, or wood. Shutters that could be opened and closed came next. Over time, windows were built that both protected the inhabitants from the elements and transmitted light, using multiple small pieces of translucent material, such as flattened pieces of translucent animal horn, paper sheets, thin slices of marble (such as fengite ), or pieces of glass, set in frameworks of wood, iron or lead. In
11130-657: The 1950s in regions with warm summer climates, particularly in the United States with desegregation . A plunge pool is a smaller, permanently installed swimming pool, with a maximum size of approximately 3 m × 6 m (10 ft × 20 ft). Construction methods for private pools vary greatly. The main types of in-ground pools are gunite shotcrete , concrete, vinyl -lined, and one-piece fiberglass shells. Many countries now have strict pool fencing requirements for private swimming pools, which require pool areas to be isolated so that unauthorized children younger than six years cannot enter. Many countries require
11289-478: The Cromwell Center would be demolished. Park commissioner Thomas Hoving said that no one had formally proposed replacing the pool, and Robert T. Connor , the Staten Island borough president, said that any potential developer had to construct a new pool and recreational center nearby before the Lyons Pool and Cromwell Center could be razed. During the 1960s, one Staten Island Advance reporter wrote that
11448-536: The Depression's negative effects as part of the New Deal . Of these eleven pools, only two were not associated with an existing park; Joseph H. Lyons Pool was one of them. It was also the largest public pool on Staten Island. The bathhouse is a one-story structure extending in an "L" shape along the western and northern sides of the site. The bathhouse is clad almost entirely with red brick. The north wing contains
11607-648: The Far East, paper was used to fill windows. The Romans were the first known users of glass for windows, exploiting a technology likely first developed in Roman Egypt . Specifically, in Alexandria c. 100 CE, cast-glass windows, albeit with poor optical properties, began to appear, but these were small thick productions, little more than blown-glass jars (cylindrical shapes) flattened out into sheets with circular striation patterns throughout. It would be over
11766-511: The George Cromwell Center directly to the east, which opened in 1935 and was built atop the former Pier 6. The Cromwell Center had a 37,000-square-foot (3,400 m) ballroom; an auditorium that could be divided into basketball, tennis, and shuffleboard courts; and office space. Floating outdoor swimming pools have existed on New York City's rivers since 1870, while the city's first free public bathhouse opened in 1891. Although
11925-634: The Latin word fenestra to describe a window with glass, such as standard Swedish fönster , or German Fenster . The use of window in English is probably because of the Scandinavian influence on the English language by means of loanwords during the Viking Age . In English, the word fenester was used as a parallel until the mid-18th century. Fenestration is still used to describe
12084-544: The Lyons Pool, along with Faber Park Pool, were "easily two of the most important, most colorful and busiest spots on the Island during the summer months". The main pool had free swimming lessons during summer mornings, and it also hosted swimming competitions. During the off-season, the pools and recreation center were used for other sports. Further alteration plans for the Lyons Pool were announced in 1967, when NYC Parks announced that it would add reinforced-concrete decks, replace
12243-522: The Lyons Pool, wherein women would be inappropriately fondled by teenage boys. By the turn of the century, crimes such as sexual assaults had decreased in parks citywide due to increased security. The LPC again considered designating the ten WPA pools in New York City as official landmarks in 2007. It ultimately designated the Joseph H. Lyons Pool, as well as the bathhouse's interior and exterior, as
12402-438: The Mary Cali Dalton Recreation Center is being developed on top of the Lyons Pool's parking lot. The new facility is to cover 45,000 square feet (4,200 m) and span three stories. The Dalton Recreation Center's main level is planned to have a lobby, gymnasium, and locker rooms, while the upper story would include rooms for cardio training, strength training, teenagers' programming, and dance. The Dalton Recreation Center replaced
12561-526: The Tompkinsville Pool as late as July 4–5, 1936, over the Memorial Day weekend. The Tompkinsville Pool officially opened July 8, 1936, with 7,500 people attending the dedication ceremony. It was the fourth WPA pool in New York City to open, as well as the only one in Staten Island. In the Lyons Pool's first years of operation, children were the only visitors allowed to use the main pool on weekdays before 1 p.m.; they were allowed to enter for free. Though
12720-435: The UK and many other parts of Europe. An awning window is a casement window that is hung horizontally, hinged on top, so that it swings outward like an awning . In addition to being used independently, they can be stacked, several in one opening, or combined with fixed glass. They are particularly useful for ventilation. A hopper window is a bottom-pivoting casement window that opens by tilting vertically, typically to
12879-535: The UK, double-paned and triple-paned are referred to as double- glazing and triple-glazing. Triple-paned windows are now a common type of glazing in central to northern Europe. Quadruple glazing is now being introduced in Scandinavia. A hexagonal window is a hexagon -shaped window, resembling a bee cell or crystal lattice of graphite. The window can be vertically or horizontally oriented, openable or dead. It can also be regular or elongately-shaped and can have
13038-407: The UK, these are sometimes called Yorkshire sash windows, presumably because of their traditional use in that county. A casement window is a window with a hinged sash that swings in or out like a door comprising either a side-hung, top-hung (also called "awning window"; see below), or occasionally bottom-hung sash or a combination of these types, sometimes with fixed panels on one or more sides of
13197-509: The United Kingdom, and many other places that were formerly colonized by the UK, with two parts (sashes) that overlap slightly and slide up and down inside the frame. The two parts are not necessarily the same size; where the upper sash is smaller (shorter) it is termed a cottage window . Currently, most new double-hung sash windows use spring balances to support the sashes, but traditionally, counterweights held in boxes on either side of
13356-578: The United States after World War II and the publicity given to swimming sports by Hollywood films such as Esther Williams ' Million Dollar Mermaid made a home pool a desirable status symbol. More than 50 years later, the home or residential swimming pool is a common sight. Some small nations enjoy a thriving swimming pool industry (e.g., New Zealand pop. 4,116,900 – holds the record in pools per capita with 65,000 home swimming pools and 125,000 spa pools). A two-storey, white concrete swimming pool building composed of horizontal cubic volumes built in 1959 at
13515-432: The WPA pools retained a reputation for being unsafe. For the summer of 1991, mayor David Dinkins had planned to close all 32 outdoor pools in the city, a decision that was only reversed after a $ 2 million donation from a trust created upon the death of real estate developer Sol Goldman and $ 1.8 million from other sources. Additionally, in the 1990s, a practice called "whirlpooling" became common in New York City pools such as
13674-418: The adjacent George Cromwell Center, were designed by Joseph L. Hautman during a Works Progress Administration project in 1935–1936. Opened on July 7, 1936, the Lyons Pool was the only WPA-era pool built on Staten Island. Following a series of minor upgrades to the facility over the years, the Lyons Pool was extensively renovated between 1984 and 1986. The complex, including the interior of the bathhouse's lobby,
13833-599: The agency to carry out $ 76 million worth of restoration projects by year's end. Among these projects was the renovation of the Tompkinsville Pool. Some lockers were installed at the pool complex the same year. Simultaneously, Staten Island residents were requesting that the Lyons Pool be designated as a city landmark, and the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (LPC) hosted hearings in October 1982 to determine whether
13992-481: The arrangement of windows within a façade , as well as defenestration , meaning 'to throw out of a window'. The Romans were the first known to use glass for windows, a technology likely first produced in Roman Egypt , in Alexandria c. 100 AD . Presentations of windows can be seen in ancient Egyptian wall art and sculptures from Assyria. Paper windows were economical and widely used in ancient China, Korea, and Japan. In England, glass became common in
14151-558: The availability of the raw sheet sizes (typically manufactured in Japan). There is often a mid-depth seating or lounging system, and contoured lounger style reclining seats are common. Upmarket spas include various jet nozzles (massage, pulsating, etc.), a drinks tray, lights, LCD flat-screen TV sets and other features that make the pool a recreation center. Due to their family-oriented nature, home spas are normally operated from 36 to 39 °C (97 to 102 °F). Many pools are incorporated in
14310-417: The central section are separated by protruding round columns, and there is a sheet-metal coping and a railing above the facade. The westernmost six bays consist of the protruding rotunda (see Lyons Pool Recreation Center § Rotunda ), which is flanked by flat segments of wall. The eastern elevation is two bays wide and leads to a raised, enclosed concrete plaza at the same level as the pool deck. The plaza
14469-461: The diving pool would be replaced with a water playground and children's playground. The Lyons Pool site had been selected because it already operated as a recreation center and was hosting some of the programs that had been relocated from the Cromwell Center. The Lyons Pool was temporarily closed during part of 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City . NYC Parks began soliciting ideas for
14628-412: The doors. Each bay is separated by rounded brick columns. At the southeast corner is a curved wall that surrounds a staircase to the roof, with a gate blocking off access to the staircase. The southern elevation is ten bays wide. In the westernmost bay is a stoop leading the pool office, as well as another stair from the pool office to the roof deck (blocked off by a metal gate). The westernmost bay has
14787-454: The early and mid-1980s by designers and landscape architects with environmental concerns. They have recently been growing in popularity as an alternative to traditional swimming pools. Natural pools are constructed bodies of water in which no chemicals or devices that disinfect or sterilize water are used, and all the cleaning of the pool is achieved purely with the motion of the water through biological filters and plants rooted hydroponically in
14946-701: The entrance of emergency rescuers. Vehicles, such as buses, aircraft, and trains frequently have emergency exit windows as well. A stained glass window is a window composed of pieces of colored glass, transparent, translucent or opaque , frequently portraying persons or scenes. Typically the glass in these windows is separated by lead glazing bars. Stained glass windows were popular in Victorian houses and some Wrightian houses, and are especially common in churches . A French door has two rows of upright rectangular glass panes (lights) extending its full length; and two of these doors on an exterior wall and without
15105-565: The facade. After the pool closed for the 1945 season, the pool building was repainted. Following requests from the Staten Island Legion, who observed that many visitors used the "Tompkinsville Pool" name instead of its official name, the city government passed a resolution in 1947 to install a plaque memorializing Lyons. Also during the 1940s, the pool area was drained during the off-season and used for sports such as volleyball, basketball, and ice skating; this seasonal conversion into
15264-424: The filter room. This section lacks windows and instead has segmentally arched blind openings, some ventilation openings, a bluestone coping, and a metal roof rail. The southern elevation is mostly unornamented and faces south toward a parking lot. The roofline of this elevation steps down to the east because there is a staircase behind the wall. At the center of the southern elevation are two windows, one of which has
15423-570: The first patrons of arts. Ancient Sinhalese built a pair of pools called " Kuttam Pokuna " in the kingdom of Anuradhapura , Sri Lanka, in the 6th century AD. They were decorated with flights of steps, punkalas or pots of abundance, and scroll design. Swimming pools became popular in Britain in the mid-19th century. As early as 1837, six indoor pools with diving boards existed in London, England. The Maidstone Swimming Club in Maidstone , Kent
15582-456: The fixed pane. A tilt and turn window can both tilt inwards at the top or open inwards from hinges at the side. This is the most common type of window in Germany, its country of origin. It is also widespread in many other European countries. In Europe, it is usual for these to be of the "turn first" type. i.e. when the handle is turned to 90 degrees the window opens in the side hung mode. With
15741-461: The floating outdoor pools had been supplanted by the bathhouses by the early 20th century, there was still demand for outdoor pools. The city had only two outdoor pools in 1934—at Faber Park and Betsy Head Park —and Staten Island had no public pools at all until the Faber Park pool opened in 1932. In 1934, Robert Moses was nominated by mayor Fiorello H. La Guardia to become commissioner of
15900-497: The following terms: The European harmonised standard hEN 14351–1, which deals with doors and windows, defines 23 characteristics (divided into essential and non essential ). Two other, preliminary European Norms that are under development deal with internal pedestrian doors (prEN 14351–2), smoke and fire resisting doors, and openable windows (prEN 16034). Windows can be a significant source of heat transfer. Therefore, insulated glazing units consist of two or more panes to reduce
16059-545: The handle turned to 180 degrees the window opens in bottom hung mode. Most usually in the UK the windows will be "tilt first" i.e. bottom hung at 90 degrees for ventilation and side hung at 180 degrees for cleaning the outer face of the glass from inside the building. A transom window is a window above a door. In an exterior door the transom window is often fixed, in an interior door, it can open either by hinges at top or bottom, or rotate on hinges. It provided ventilation before forced air heating and cooling. A fan-shaped transom
16218-521: The historic unavailability of large panes of glass, the multi-lit (or lattice window ) was the most common window style until the beginning of the 20th century, and is still used in traditional architecture. An emergency exit window is a window big enough and low enough so that occupants can escape through the opening in an emergency, such as a fire. In many countries, exact specifications for emergency windows in bedrooms are given in many building codes . Specifications for such windows may also allow for
16377-402: The indoor climate to provide a comfortable swimming environment. Hopper window A window is an opening in a wall , door , roof , or vehicle that allows the exchange of light and may also allow the passage of sound and sometimes air . Modern windows are usually glazed or covered in some other transparent or translucent material , a sash set in a frame in the opening;
16536-436: The industrial plate glass-making processes were perfected in the late 19th century Modern windows are usually filled using glass, although transparent plastic is also used. The introduction of lancet windows into Western European church architecture from the 12th century CE built on a tradition of arched windows inserted between columns, and led not only to tracery and elaborate stained-glass windows but also to
16695-419: The innovation of the pre-form composite method where mosaic tiles are bonded to the shell this enables commercial spas to be completely factory manufactured to specification and delivered in one piece. Hot tubs are typically made somewhat like a wine barrel with straight sides, from wood such as Californian redwood held in place by metal hoops. Immersion of the head is not recommended in spas or hot tubs due to
16854-462: The inside, resembling a hopper chute. A pivot window is a window hung on one hinge on each of two opposite sides which allows the window to revolve when opened. The hinges may be mounted top and bottom (Vertically Pivoted) or at each jamb (Horizontally Pivoted). The window will usually open initially to a restricted position for ventilation and, once released, fully reverse and lock again for safe cleaning from inside. Modern pivot hinges incorporate
17013-479: The less hardy of the aquatic brigade to join. So, bathers gradually became swimmers, and bathing pools became swimming pools. In 1939, Oxford created its first major public indoor pool at Temple Cowley. The modern Olympic Games started in 1896 and included swimming races, after which the popularity of swimming pools began to spread. In the US, the Racquet Club of Philadelphia clubhouse (1907) boasts one of
17172-434: The myriad criteria for the design of windows, several pivotal criteria have emerged in daylight standards: location, time, weather, nature, and people. Of these criteria, windows that are designed to provide views of nature are considered to be the most important by people. A cross-window is a rectangular window usually divided into four lights by a mullion and transom that form a Latin cross . The term eyebrow window
17331-523: The neighboring Cromwell Center was demolished in 2013, local politicians Michael McMahon and Debi Rose began advocating for the construction of a replacement structure, and NYC Parks was allocated $ 700,000 for a feasibility study of such a project. The feasibility study was completed in February 2017, at which point NYC Parks announced that it intended to build a 95,000-square-foot (8,800 m) recreation center above Lyons Pool's parking lot. In addition,
17490-404: The office of borough president Guy V. Molinari supported the designations, but NYC Parks opposed landmark status because it would complicate the process of renovating the other pools. The Lyons Pool was ultimately not designated at that time. During the 1990s, the Lyons Pool was popular with swimmers from all across New York City. NYC Parks continued to face financial shortfalls in the 1990s, and
17649-415: The original lights were removed; the modern pool is divided into 14 lanes. To the south of the main pool were diving and wading pools, both measuring 68 by 100 feet (21 by 30 m). The diving pool had a diving board, diving platform, and pipe railing designed in the Art Moderne style, as well as stainless-steel gutters added in the 1980s. The wading pool sloped down to a depth of 2.5 feet (0.76 m) but
17808-741: The palace were converted into the Moskva Pool open-air swimming pool after the process of de-Stalinisation . However, after the fall of communism , Christ the Saviour Cathedral was re-built on the site between 1995 and 2000; the cathedral had originally been located there. The highest swimming pool is believed to be in Yangbajain (Tibet, China). This resort is located at 4,200 m (13,800 ft) AMSL and has two indoor swimming pools and one outdoor swimming pool, all filled with water from hot springs . Length: Most pools in
17967-409: The pool complex that year. NYC Parks announced plans to replace the pool's diesel pump in 1956, citing high costs and environmental concerns. At the time, the pools at Astoria and McCarren parks were the only other public pools in the city that still used diesel pumps. The Board of Estimate allocated $ 32,000 for the pump replacement. In 1959, NYC Parks announced that it would spend $ 100,000 to replace
18126-463: The pool deck (which had become severely degraded) and install new gutters. After the Board of Estimate allocated $ 134,000 for the deck and gutter replacement in 1960, Sloan & Greenberg offered to replace the deck for a low bid of $ 76,344. The Perosi Electric Corporation offered to replace the pool's electrical wiring in 1961, bidding $ 38,998. The next year, the Board of Estimate allocated $ 55,000 for
18285-404: The pool operated only during the summers, NYC Parks maintained the pool area throughout the year. Parks workers painted the pools, patched up holes, and inspected pool equipment such as diving boards and ladders. A NYC Parks employee regularly monitored the water in the pools, and the pools' pumps were inspected and fixed during the off-season. Some visitors died in the pool over the years, including
18444-592: The pool was open to the sexes at different times with a break for bathers to climb in without fear of observation by the other sex. These were the forerunners of modern "Olympic" pools. A variation was the later development of sea- or harbour-side pools that circulated sea water using pumps. A pool of this type was the training ground for Australian Olympian Dawn Fraser . There are currently about 100 ocean baths in New South Wales , which can range from small pools roughly 25 metres long and "Olympic Sized" (50m) to
18603-607: The pool. Depth must be at least 2 m (6.6 ft). The water must be kept at 25–28 °C (77–82 °F) and the lighting level at greater than 1500 lux . There are also regulations for color of lane rope, positioning of backstroke flags (5 metres from each wall), and so on. Pools claimed to be "Olympic pools" do not always meet these regulations, as FINA cannot police use of the term. Touchpads are mounted on both walls for long course meets and each end for short course. A pool may be referred to as fast or slow, depending on its physical layout. Some design considerations allow
18762-417: The pools by flooding from tidal tanks or by regular flooding over the side of the pools at high tide. This continued a pre-European tradition of bathing in rockpools with many of the current sites being expanded from sites used by Aboriginal Australians or early European settlers. Bathing in these pools provided security against both rough surf and sea life. There were often separate pools for women and men, or
18921-402: The pools should receive official landmark status. The city government originally wanted to close the Lyons Pool for two years, saving $ 400,000 in operating costs during that time, but the pool complex's renovation was delayed after NYC Parks staff decided to use a different filtration system. As a result, the pools remained open during the 1983 summer season, and NYC Parks revised the timeline so
19080-489: The pools would be closed for only one season. Despite citywide budget cuts, the city agreed to provide $ 1.1 million for the complex in fiscal year 1984. Workers surveying the pool found that, because of the site's extremely high water table , one of the cement slabs under the main pool had cracked due to groundwater infiltration. The Lyons Pool was renovated starting in November 1984 at a cost of $ 6.7 million. K.G. Industries
19239-478: The recreation center's dome, and repair the building's facade. This project cost $ 125,000 and was designed by Shumavon, Buckley & Goul. The General Property Corporation proposed redeveloping the Lyons Pool and Cromwell Center in 1969; in exchange, the firm would have constructed a new recreation center and pool in Stapleton, Staten Island . The Lyons Pool complex's underwater lighting was replaced in 1974; at
19398-399: The reduction of swimming resistance making the pool faster: namely, proper pool depth, elimination of currents, increased lane width, energy absorbing racing lane lines and gutters, and the use of other innovative hydraulic, acoustic and illumination designs. In the last two decades, a new style of pool has gained popularity. These consist of a small vessel (usually about 2.5 × 5 m) in which
19557-495: The regulations regarding temperature, lighting, and automatic officiating equipment. An Olympic-size swimming pool (first used at the 1924 Olympics ) is a pool that meets FINA's additional standards for the Olympic Games and for world championship events. It must be 50 by 25 m (164 by 82 ft) wide, divided into eight lanes of 2.5 m (8.2 ft) each, plus two areas of 2.5 m (8.2 ft) at each side of
19716-459: The replacement of pipes and gutters at the Lyons Pool and two others citywide. Sloan & Greenberg Inc. were hired in 1963 to replace the pool's sump pumps, and the deck was rebuilt in phases around that time. When the city government announced plans to redevelop the East Shore in 1966, the deputy commissioner of the city's Marine and Aviation Department promised that neither the Lyons Pool nor
19875-441: The rest of the building, but extra heating and ventilation and other engineering solutions are required to ensure comfortable humidity levels. In addition to drainage and automatic pool covers, there are a number of ways to remove the humidity present in the air in any wet indoor environment. Efficient dehumidification in the indoor pool environment prevents structural damage, lowers energy costs for cooling or heating, and improves
20034-977: The sash and frame are also referred to as a window. Many glazed windows may be opened, to allow ventilation , or closed to exclude inclement weather . Windows may have a latch or similar mechanism to lock the window shut or to hold it open by various amounts. Types include the eyebrow window, fixed windows, hexagonal windows , single-hung, and double-hung sash windows, horizontal sliding sash windows , casement windows , awning windows, hopper windows, tilt, and slide windows (often door-sized), tilt and turn windows, transom windows, sidelight windows, jalousie or louvered windows, clerestory windows, lancet windows , skylights , roof windows , roof lanterns , bay windows , oriel windows , thermal, or Diocletian , windows, picture windows, rose windows , emergency exit windows, stained glass windows, French windows, panel windows, double/triple-paned windows, and witch windows . The English language-word window originates from
20193-423: The sash. In the US, these are usually opened using a crank , but in parts of Europe, they tend to use projection friction stays and espagnolette locking. Formerly, plain hinges were used with a casement stay . Handing applies to casement windows to determine direction of swing; a casement window may be left-handed, right-handed, or double. The casement window is the dominant type now found in modern buildings in
20352-478: The seating area of the pool, or a footwell area. This is more common as a temperature control device where the heated water comes from a natural (uncontrolled heat) geothermal source, rather than artificially heated. Water temperature is usually very warm to hot – 38 to 42 °C (100 to 108 °F) – so bathers usually stay in for only 20 to 30 minutes. Bromine or mineral sanitizers are often recommended as sanitizers for spas because chlorine dissipates at
20511-516: The site is on reclaimed land , the pool complex has sump pumps to prevent seawater from entering the pool area. The facility is composed of three separate pools and covers approximately 3.2 acres (1.3 ha); of this, the bathhouse and pools cover 2.56 acres (1.04 ha). The pool complex is one of eleven in New York City built in the 1930s by the Works Progress Administration (WPA), a federal agency created to combat
20670-429: The sole purpose of maintaining the Lyons Pool's filters, and that at least one person was monitoring the filters at any given time. At the time, the pool area had four pumps, each of which could recirculate 1,000 U.S. gallons (3,800 L) a minute, as well as six charcoal filters. In the 1980s, the coal filters were removed, and nine sand-filled steel filters were installed. As of 2024, a new recreation facility known as
20829-412: The southern and eastern boundaries of the site is a 4-foot-high (1.2 m) retaining wall with brick facing and stone coping ; the wall is topped by chain-link fencing . The pool deck is near the top of the retaining wall and is surrounded by an inner wall composed of a brick cheek wall, cast iron fence, and brick piers . Oak trees are planted in between the retaining wall and the inner wall. The deck
20988-403: The southern half. In two of the bays, the red-brick wall segments beneath the windows contain metal doors. Additionally, there is a protruding brick wall concealing the men's locker room entrance. Some signage is stenciled onto the facade. Most of the bathhouse's roof, except the section above the rotunda, is occupied by a deck that was originally used as a sunbathing or observation deck. The deck
21147-426: The swimmer swims in place, either against the push of an artificially generated water current or against the pull of restraining devices. These pools have several names, such as swim spas , swimming machines , or swim systems . They are all examples of different modes of resistance swimming . Hot tubs and spa pools are common heated pools used for relaxation and sometimes for therapy. Commercial spas are common in
21306-414: The swimming pool area or sauna area of a health club or fitness center, in men's clubs, women's clubs, motels and exclusive five-star hotel suites. Spa clubs may have very large pools, some segmented into increasing temperatures. In Japan, men's clubs with many spas of different size and temperature are common. Commercial spas are generally made of concrete, with a mosaic tiled interior. More recently with
21465-450: The system. In essence, natural pools seek to recreate swimming holes and swimmable lakes, the environment where people feel safe swimming in a non-polluted, healthy, and ecologically balanced body of water. Water in natural pools has many desirable characteristics. For example, red eyes, dried-out skin and hair, and bleached swimsuits associated with overly chlorinated water are naturally absent in natural pools. Natural pools, by requiring
21624-452: The terrazzo floors, though there is no charge to use the building in the 21st century. The west wing's western elevation is divided vertically into twenty bays. The northernmost part of the facade protrudes slightly, running next to the SIR line; it conceals the stairway next to the rotunda. Immediately to the south is a narrow window facing south (where the northernmost section steps back) and three bays of rectangular windows facing west. This
21783-407: The time, it was the only public pool complex in Staten Island with underwater lights. By the 1970s, Tompkinsville Pool and other city parks were in poor condition due to the 1975 New York City fiscal crisis , prompting NYC Parks to commence a project to restore the pools in several parks in 1977. The Lyons Pool received some minor upgrades in 1978, and David K. Specter was hired the next year to design
21942-500: The time, visitors had to store their clothes in unsecured baskets. The pool had around 40,000 or 50,000 visitors per year during that decade, an estimated four-fifths of whom came from Staten Island, and it operated for 10 weeks a year. By March 1981, NYC Parks only had 2,900 employees in its total staff, less than 10 percent of the 30,000 present when Moses was parks commissioner. In 1982, the NYC Parks budget increased greatly, enabling
22101-483: The training of lifeguards and astronauts . Swimming pools most commonly use chlorinated water, or salt water, and may be heated or unheated. The " Great Bath " at the site of Mohenjo-Daro in modern-day Pakistan was most likely the first swimming pool, dug during the 3rd millennium BC. This pool is 12 by 7 metres (39 by 23 feet), is lined with bricks, and was covered with a tar-based sealant. Ancient Greeks and Romans built artificial pools for athletic training in
22260-658: The very large, such as the 50 × 100 m baths in Newcastle . While most are free, a number charge fees, such as the Bondi Icebergs Club pool at Bondi Beach . Despite the development of chlorinated and heated pools, ocean baths remain a popular form of recreation in New South Wales. A semi-natural ocean pool exists on the central coast of New South Wales; it is called The Bogey Hole . An infinity pool (also named negative edge or vanishing edge pool )
22419-428: The wall after each turn at the end of the pool. Width: The width of the pool depends on the number of swimming lanes and the width of each individual lane. In an Olympic swimming pool each lane is 2.5 meters wide and contains 10 lanes, thus making the pool 25 meters wide. Depth: The depth of a swimming pool depends on the purpose of the pool, and whether it is open to the public or strictly for private use. If it
22578-416: The wall and does not extend to the ground. Originally a form of porch, they are often supported by brackets or corbels. Thermal, or Diocletian , windows are large semicircular windows (or niches) which are usually divided into three lights (window compartments) by two mullions. The central compartment is often wider than the two side lights on either side of it. A picture window is a large fixed window in
22737-503: The water and air can be let out and this type of pool can be folded up for convenient storage. They are regarded in the swimming pool industry as "splasher" pools intended for cooling off and amusing toddlers and children, not for swimming, hence the alternate name of "kiddie" pools. Toys are available for children and other people to play with in pool water. They are often blown up with air so they are soft but still reasonably rugged, and can float in water. Public pools are often part of
22896-399: The western wing and east to the women's lockers and showers in the north wing. The rotunda itself contains a terrazzo floor with a starburst pattern. The lower section of the wall is made of brick that is laid in alternating courses of headers and stretchers. This is topped by a frieze of cast concrete, followed by smooth clerestory walls with pairs of narrow windows. Above the entire lobby is
23055-426: The window be locked into hinges on one side, while the rope on the other side is detached—so the window can be opened for fire escape or cleaning. A foldup has two equal sashes similar to a standard double-hung but folds upward allowing air to pass through nearly the full-frame opening. The window is balanced using either springs or counterbalances, similar to a double-hung. The sashes can be either offset to simulate
23214-433: The window is opened. Windows are primarily designed to facilitate a vital connection with the outdoors, offering those within the confines of the building visual access to the everchanging events occurring outside. The provision of this connection serves as an integral safeguard for the health and well-being of those inhabiting buildings, lest they experience the detrimental effects of enclosed buildings devoid of windows. Among
23373-404: The window were used. These were and are attached to the sashes using pulleys of either braided cord or, later, purpose-made chain. Three types of spring balances are called a tape or clock spring balance; channel or block-and-tackle balance, and a spiral or tube balance. Double-hung sash windows were traditionally often fitted with shutters . Sash windows can be fitted with simplex hinges that let
23532-399: The windows of ordinary homes only in the early 17th century whereas windows made up of panes of flattened animal horn were used as early as the 14th century. In the 19th century American west, greased paper windows came to be used by pioneering settlers. Modern-style floor-to-ceiling windows became possible only after the industrial plate glass making processes were fully perfected. In
23691-448: The women's showers and women's locker rooms, while the west wing contains the men's showers, men's locker rooms, and the boiler and plant house. There is a one-and-a-half-story rotunda at the northwestern corner of the bathhouse, as well as a smokestack at the middle of the bathhouse's western elevation . The rotunda includes a lobby that provides access to the lockers and showers in each wing. The north wing's northern elevation sits above
23850-592: The world are measured in metres, but in the United States pools are often measured in feet and yards. In the UK most pools are calibrated in metres, but older pools measured in yards still exist. In the US, pools tend to either be 25 yards ( SCY - short course yards), 25 metres ( SCM -short course metres) or 50 metres ( LCM - long course meters ). US high schools and the NCAA conduct short course (25 yards) competition. There are also many pools 33 + 1 ⁄ 3 m long, so that 3 lengths = 100 m. This pool dimension
24009-936: The world is at DreamWorks Water Park within the American Dream shopping and entertainment complex at the Meadowlands Sports Complex in East Rutherford, New Jersey , United States, and the largest indoor pool in North America is at the Neutral Buoyancy Lab in the Sonny Carter Training Facility at NASA JSC in Houston. In 2021, Deep Dive Dubai , located in Dubai, UAE, was certified by
24168-551: The world's first modern above-ground swimming pools. The first swimming pool to go to sea on an ocean liner was installed on the White Star Line 's Adriatic in 1906. The oldest known public swimming pool in the U.S., Underwood Pool, is located in Belmont, Massachusetts . Interest in competitive swimming grew following World War I . Standards improved and training became essential. Home swimming pools became popular in
24327-475: Was designated as a city landmark by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission in 2008. After the neighboring George Cromwell Center was demolished in 2013, plans for a new recreation center above the pool's parking lot were announced in 2017; the new facility, known as the Mary Cali Dalton Recreation Center, is to be completed in 2025. The Lyons Pool Recreation Center is in the Tompkinsville neighborhood of Staten Island in New York City . The complex
24486-409: Was hired to repair the pool deck and recreation center. New paths, benches, diving boards, pool ladders, and fences were added to the pool area. At the recreation center, workers restored the facade; repaired the roof; added new ceilings, windows, and wheelchair-accessible bathrooms to the dressing rooms; and built two boiler rooms. The electrical and ventilation systems were upgraded. During the closure,
24645-601: Was made even shallower after the 1980s. The site of the wading pool is surrounded by a chain link fence, with a gate to the west, and contains 12 sprinklers on its perimeter and two sprinklers at its center. Originally, the complex had 200-horsepower (150 kW) diesel pumps that recirculated the pools' water. The water in the pools was recycled every 5–8 hours, and five filters cleaned 2,000 U.S. gallons (7,600 L) of water every minute. The diesel pumps were replaced with electric pumps in 1956. The Staten Island Advance wrote in 1960 that three NYC Parks staffers were employed for
24804-400: Was originally illuminated by 25 lamps, many of which are still intact. There are also some Belgian-block planting areas with oak trees; wooden benches upon concrete pedestals; a flagpole near the diving pool to the south; and some cast-concrete drinking fountains. Signs are painted onto the pool deck. The complex was intended to accommodate up to 2,800 swimmers simultaneously; a 1988 article from
24963-482: Was originally scheduled to be built near New Brighton . The proposed pool was relocated to Tompkinsville after Joseph A. Palma recommended that site, which was next to the Staten Island Railway and the under-construction George Cromwell Center (the latter of which opened in 1935). Construction for some of the 11 pools began in October 1934. Aymar Embury filed plans for the Tompkinsville Pool in March 1935, which called for
25122-564: Was so large that the lifeguards required kayaks for patrol. It was closed in 1971 due to low patronage. In Europe, the largest swimming pool opened in 1934 in Elbląg ( Poland ), providing a water area of 33,500 square metres (361,000 sq ft). One of the largest swimming pools ever built was reputedly created in Moscow after the Palace of Soviets remained uncompleted. The foundations of
25281-557: Was to be completed by 2025 and would be the first-ever structure built by NYC Parks under a single design–build contract. NYC Parks announced in January 2023 that the rotunda of Lyons Pool's bathhouse was to be renovated at a cost of $ 2.6 million; at the time, the project was slated to be completed in 2024. Work on the Mary Cali Dalton Recreation Center commenced in February 2024. Swimming pool A swimming pool , swimming bath , wading pool , paddling pool , or simply pool ,
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