59-608: Joseph is a common male name, derived from the Hebrew Yosef ( יוֹסֵף ). "Joseph" is used, along with " Josef ", mostly in English, French and partially German languages. This spelling is also found as a variant in the languages of the modern-day Nordic countries . In Portuguese and Spanish , the name is " José ". In Arabic , including in the Quran , the name is spelled يوسف , Yūsuf . In Kurdish ( Kurdî ) ,
118-666: A zeppola (created in 1840 by Don Pasquale Pinatauro in Naples) on Saint Joseph's Day. Maccu di San Giuseppe is a traditional Sicilian dish that consists of various ingredients and maccu that is prepared on this day. Maccu is a foodstuff and soup that dates to ancient times which is prepared with fava beans as a primary ingredient. Upon a typical Saint Joseph's Day altar, people place flowers, limes, candles, wine, fava beans, specially prepared cakes, breads, cookies, other meatless dishes, and zeppole . Foods are traditionally served containing bread crumbs to represent sawdust since Joseph
177-710: A " tekton " (τέκτων) has been traditionally translated into English as "carpenter", but is a rather general word (from the same root that gives us "technical", "technology") that could cover makers of objects in various materials. The Greek term evokes an artisan with wood in general, or an artisan in iron or stone. But the specific association with woodworking is a constant in Early Christian tradition; Justin Martyr (died c. 165) wrote that Jesus made yokes and ploughs , and there are similar early references. Other scholars have argued that tekton could equally mean
236-642: A cruel king, like Moses he has a (fore)father named Joseph who goes down to Egypt, like the Old Testament Joseph this Joseph has a father named Jacob, and both Josephs receive important dreams foretelling their future. In the Gospel of Luke, Joseph already lives in Nazareth, and Jesus is born in Bethlehem because Joseph and Mary have to travel there to be counted in a census. Subsequently, Jesus
295-471: A decree of canonical coronation by a pontiff . Religious iconography often depicts him with lilies or spikenard . With the present-day growth of Mariology , the theological field of Josephology has also grown and since the 1950s centers for studying it have been formed. The Pauline epistles are the oldest extant Christian writings. These mention Jesus' mother (without naming her), but do not refer to his father. The Gospel of Mark , believed to be
354-488: A highly skilled craftsman in wood or the more prestigious metal, perhaps running a workshop with several employees, and noted sources recording the shortage of skilled artisans at the time. Géza Vermes has stated that the terms 'carpenter' and 'son of a carpenter' are used in the Jewish Talmud to signify a very learned man, and he suggests that a description of Joseph as 'naggar' (a carpenter) could indicate that he
413-416: A large feast to honor him. The rain did come, and the people of Sicily prepared a large banquet for their patron saint. The fava bean was the crop which saved the population from starvation and is a traditional part of Saint Joseph's Day altars and traditions. Giving food to the needy is a Saint Joseph's Day custom. In some communities it is traditional to wear red clothing and eat a Neapolitan pastry known as
472-595: A patron saint of Kingdom of Croatia by Croatian Sabor on 9 June 1687 ) and of several main cities ( Karlovac ), dioceses and administrative regions ( Karlovac County in Croatia ). Many churches, monasteries and other institutions are dedicated to Saint Joseph. Saint Joseph's Oratory is the largest church in Canada, with the largest dome of its kind in the world after that of Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome . Elsewhere in
531-518: A previous marriage. A popular position held by many Catholics, derived from the writings of Jerome , is that Joseph was the husband of Mary, but that references to Jesus' "brothers" should be understood to mean cousins. Such usage is prevalent throughout history, and occurs elsewhere in the Bible. Abraham 's nephew Lot (Genesis 11:26-28) was referred to as his brother (Genesis 14:14), as was Jacob 's uncle Laban (Genesis 29:15). Jesus himself frequently used
590-411: A problem: they stated clearly that Mary conceives Jesus virginally, and Joseph is not his father; however, Jesus was described unambiguously by John and Matthew as "Joseph's son" and "the carpenter's son", and Joseph's paternity was essential to establish Jesus' Davidic descent . The theological situation was complicated by the gospel references to "brothers and sisters" of Jesus , who may have been: (1)
649-566: A son; and said, God hath taken away my reproach"; Yosef is then identified with the similar root /ysp/, meaning ' add ' : "And she called his name Joseph; and said, The L ORD shall add to me another son." The Jewish Encyclopedia says that it is a theophoric name referencing the Tetragrammaton , and in fact his name is spelled Jehoseph , with the theophoric first syllable 'Jeho' , once in Psalms. The name can also consist of
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#1732766290557708-446: A tradition intended to protect Mary's perpetual virginity. In the original Greek the words used to describe Joseph describe him as middle-aged. This fits with Joseph's duties and aligns with the saints who said he was 33 when he married Mary. Mauro Gagliardi presents a hypothesis that Joseph was assumed into Heaven with body and soul because he belongs to the few saints who left no bodily relics. The Gospel of James (also known as
767-874: Is a solemnity (first class if using the Tridentine calendar ), and is transferred to another date if impeded (i.e., 19 March falling on Sunday or in Holy Week). Joseph is remembered in the Church of England and the Episcopal Church on 19 March. Popular customs among Christians of various liturgical traditions observing Saint Joseph's Day are attending Mass or the Divine Service , wearing red-coloured clothing, carrying dried fava beans that have been blessed , and assembling home altars dedicated to Saint Joseph. In Sicily , where Saint Joseph
826-510: Is made of him thereafter. The story emphasizes Jesus' awareness of his coming mission: here Jesus speaks to both Mary and Joseph of "my father," meaning God, but they fail to understand. Christian tradition represents Mary as a widow during the adult ministry of her son. Joseph is not mentioned as being present at the Wedding at Cana at the beginning of Jesus' mission, nor at the Passion at
885-602: Is regarded by many as their patron saint , and in many Italian-American communities, thanks are given to Saint Joseph ( San Giuseppe in Italian ) for preventing a famine in Sicily during the Middle Ages . According to legend, there was a severe drought at the time, and the people prayed for their patron saint to bring them rain. They promised that if God answered their prayers through Joseph's intercession, they would prepare
944-493: Is that both Joseph and his father were the sons of Levirate marriages. A third explanation proposed by Augustine of Hippo is that Joseph was adopted, and his two genealogies trace Joseph's lineage through his biological and adopted families. In the Gospels, Joseph's occupation is mentioned only once. The Gospel of Matthew asks about Jesus: Is not this the carpenter's son ( ho tou tektōnos huios )? Joseph's description as
1003-559: Is told by an angel in a dream to take the family to Egypt to escape the massacre of the children of Bethlehem planned by Herod, the ruler of the Roman province of Judea . Once Herod has died, an angel tells Joseph to return but to avoid Herod's son, and he takes his wife and the child to Nazareth in Galilee and settles there. Thus in Matthew, the infant Jesus, like Moses, is in peril from
1062-402: Is well known as the patron saint of fathers, both families and virgins, workers, especially carpenters, expecting mothers and unborn children. Among many others, he is the patron saint of attorneys and barristers, emigrants, travelers and house hunters. He is invoked against hesitation and for the grace of a holy death. Many cities, towns, and locations are named after Saint Joseph. According to
1121-763: The Blessed Virgin Mary and the Child Jesus , Joseph is one of the three members of the Holy Family ; since he only appears in the birth narratives of the Gospels, Jesus is depicted as a child when with him. The formal veneration of the Holy Family began in the 17th century by François de Laval . In 1962, Pope John XXIII inserted the name of Joseph in the Canon of the Mass , immediately after that of
1180-532: The Council of Constance . In 1889 Pope Leo XIII issued the encyclical Quamquam pluries in which he urged Catholics to pray to Saint Joseph, as the patron of the church in view of the challenges facing the church. Likewise, Leo stated that Saint Joseph "set himself to protect with a mighty love and a daily solicitude his spouse and the Divine Infant; regularly by his work he earned what was necessary for
1239-560: The Hebrew Bible as Yossef ben- Yaakov . In the New Testament the most notable two are Joseph , the husband of Mary , the mother of Jesus ; and Joseph of Arimathea , a secret disciple of Jesus who supplied the tomb in which Jesus was buried. The Bible offers two explanations for the origins of the name Yosef : first, it is compared to the word asaf from the root /'sp/, ' taken away ' : "And she conceived, and bore
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#17327662905571298-706: The National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency , the Spanish form, San Jose , is the most common place name in the world. Probably the most-recognized San Joses are San José, Costa Rica , and San Jose, California , United States , given their name by Spanish colonists . Joseph is the patron saint of the New World and of many countries ( Austria – especially venerated in Carinthia , Styria , and Tyrol , Croatia – proclaimed as
1357-420: The synoptic Gospels share a scene in which the people of Nazareth, Jesus' hometown, doubt Jesus' status as a prophet because they know his family. In Mark 6:3, they call Jesus "Mary's son" instead of naming his father. In Matthew , the townspeople call Jesus "the carpenter's son," again without naming his father. In Luke 3:23 NIV: "Now Jesus himself was about thirty years old when he began his ministry. He
1416-616: The 9th century, and continued growing to the 14th century. Thomas Aquinas discussed the necessity of the presence of Saint Joseph in the plan of the Incarnation for if Mary had not been married, the Jews would have stoned her and that in his youth Jesus needed the care and protection of a human father. In the 15th century, major steps were taken by Bernardine of Siena , Pierre d'Ailly, and Jean Gerson . Gerson wrote Consideration sur Saint Joseph and preached sermons on Saint Joseph at
1475-566: The Blessed Virgin Mary. In 2013, Pope Francis had his name added to the three other Eucharistic Prayers . 19 March, Saint Joseph's Day, has been the principal feast day of Saint Joseph in Western Christianity since the 10th century, and is celebrated by Catholics, Anglicans , Lutherans , and other denominations. In Eastern Orthodoxy , the feast day of Saint Joseph is celebrated on 26 December (Synaxis of
1534-537: The Hebrew yadah meaning "praise", "fame" and the word asaf . Variations for males include: Yosef Yosef ( Hebrew : יוֹסֵף Yōsef , lit. 'he will add'; also transliterated as Yossef , Josef , Yoseph Tiberian Hebrew and Aramaic Yôsēp̄ and Yosseph , or Joseph , Arabic Yusof ) is a Hebrew male name derived from the Biblical character Joseph . The name can also consist of
1593-567: The Hebrew yadah meaning "praise", "fame" and the word asaf. It is the Hebrew equivalent of the Arabic name Yusuf and the source of the English name Joseph . The name appears in the Book of Genesis . Joseph is Jacob 's eleventh son and Rachel 's first son, and known in the Jewish Bible as Yossef ben- Yaakov . In Christian culture, the name has the additional significance of being
1652-867: The Mother of God and flight of the Holy Family into Egypt ), the First Sunday after the Nativity of Christ , on 19 March and on the Sunday of the Holy Forefathers (two Sundays before the Nativity ) and on the Sunday of the Holy Fathers (Sunday before the Nativity ), when he is commemorated together with other ancestors of Jesus . In the Catholic Church, the Feast of Saint Joseph (19 March)
1711-592: The Protoevangelium of James), written about 150 AD, presents Joseph as an old man chosen by God to watch over the Virgin. Jesus' brothers are presented as Joseph's children by an earlier marriage. The History of Joseph the Carpenter , written in the 5th century and framed as a biography of Joseph dictated by Jesus, describes how Joseph, aged 90, a widower with four sons and two daughters, is given charge of
1770-688: The Wednesday in the second week after Easter, and gave it an octave . In 1955, Pope Pius XII introduced in its place the feast of Saint Joseph the Worker on 1 May in the General Roman Calendar as an ecclesiasical counterpart to the International Workers' Day on the same day. This reflects Saint Joseph's status as patron of workers. Pius XII established the feast both to honor Saint Joseph, and to make people aware of
1829-455: The carpenter to whom she had been betrothed, as having been guilty of adultery, and that she bore a child to a certain soldier named Pantera ." Origen, however, argues that Celsus's claim was a fabricated story. The earliest records of a formal devotional following for Saint Joseph date to the year 800 and references to him as Nutritor Domini (educator/guardian of the Lord) began to appear in
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1888-524: The dignity of human work. The Espousals of the Blessed Virgin Mary is observed in some liturgical calendars (e. g. that of the Oblates of Saint Joseph ) on 23 January. Pope Francis on 8 December 2020, released the apostolic letter Patris corde on the occasion of the 150th anniversary of the declaration by Pius IX, on 8 December 1870, of Saint Joseph as patron of the Universal Church; for
1947-513: The end. If he had been present at the Crucifixion , he would under Jewish custom have been expected to take charge of Jesus' body, but this role is instead performed by Joseph of Arimathea . Nor would Jesus have entrusted his mother to the care of John the Apostle if her husband had been alive. While none of the Gospels mentions Joseph as present at any event during Jesus' adult ministry,
2006-499: The father of James and his three brothers ( Joses , Simeon , Judah ) and two sisters (a Salome and a Mary or a Salome and an Anna ) with James being the eldest sibling. James and his siblings were not children of Mary but were Joseph's children from a previous marriage. After Joseph's first wife died, many years later when he was eighty, "he took Mary (mother of Jesus)". Eusebius of Caesarea relates in his Church History (Book III, ch. 11) that " Hegesippus records that Clopas
2065-433: The father of Jesus and in a "variant reading in Matthew". Matthew and Luke both contain a genealogy of Jesus showing his ancestry from David , but through different sons; Matthew follows the major royal line from Solomon , while Luke traces another line back to Nathan , another son of David and Bathsheba . Consequently, all the names between David and Joseph are different. According to Matthew 1:16 "Jacob begat Joseph
2124-485: The first gospel to be written and with a date about two decades after Paul , also does not mention Jesus' father. The first appearance of Joseph is in the gospels of Matthew and Luke , often dated from around 80–90 AD. Each contains a genealogy of Jesus showing ancestry from King David , but through different sons; Matthew follows the major royal line from Solomon , while Luke traces another line back to Nathan , another son of David and Bathsheba . Consequently, all
2183-414: The first part of a two-part marriage, is frequently translated as "betrothal". Couples who fulfill the requirements of the kiddushin are married, until death or divorce. The New Testament has no mention of Joseph's death, but he is never mentioned after the story of finding Jesus in the temple when Jesus was 12. This is in contrast with some eastern traditions that made Joseph out to be 90 years old,
2242-603: The following hymn is chanted: Verily, Joseph the betrothed, saw clearly in his old age that the foresayings of the Prophets had been fulfilled openly; for he was given an odd earnest, receiving inspiration from the angels, who cried, Glory to God; for he hath bestowed peace on earth. In the Catholic tradition, just as there are prayers for the Seven Joys of Mary and Seven Sorrows of Mary , there are also prayers for
2301-436: The husband of Mary", while according to Luke 3:23, Joseph is said to be "the son of Heli ". The variances between the genealogies given in Matthew and Luke are explained in a number of ways. One possibility is that Matthew's genealogy traces Jesus' legal descent, according to Jewish law , through Joseph; while Luke's genealogy traces his actual physical descent through Mary. Another possibility proposed by Julius Africanus
2360-530: The name is Ûsiv or Yûsiv , Persian , the name is Yousef , and in Turkish it is Yusuf . In Pashto the name is spelled Esaf (ايسپ) and in Malayalam it is spelled Ousep (ഔസേപ്പ്). In Tamil , it is spelled as "Yosepu"( யோசேப்பு ) The name has enjoyed significant popularity in its many forms in numerous countries, and Joseph was one of the two names, along with Robert , to have remained in
2419-409: The name of Saint Joseph , described in the canonical gospels as the husband of Mary, mother of Jesus , and Jesus ' legal father. Saint Joseph Joseph ( Hebrew : יוסף , romanized : Yosef ; Greek : Ἰωσήφ , romanized : Ioséph ) was a 1st-century Jewish man of Nazareth who, according to the canonical Gospels , was married to Mary, the mother of Jesus , and
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2478-531: The names between David and Joseph are different. Like the two differing genealogies, the infancy narratives appear only in Matthew and Luke and take different approaches to reconciling the requirement that the Messiah be born in Bethlehem with the tradition that Jesus in fact came from Nazareth . In Matthew, Joseph obeys the direction of an angel to marry Mary. Following the birth of Jesus in Bethlehem, Joseph
2537-556: The one and the other for nourishment and clothing" Josephology , the theological study of Saint Joseph, is one of the most recent theological disciplines. In 1989, on the occasion of the centenary of Quamquam pluries Pope John Paul II issued Redemptoris Custos ( Guardian of the Redeemer ), which presented Saint Joseph's role in the plan of redemption, as part of the "redemption documents" issued by John Paul II such as Redemptoris Mater to which it refers. Together with
2596-665: The poor. The first Josephites in America re-devoted their part of the order to ministry within the newly emancipated African American community. The Oblates of St. Joseph were founded in 1878 by Joseph Marello . In 1999 their Shrine of Saint Joseph the Guardian of the Redeemer was named after the Apostolic exhortation Redemptoris Custos . In the Eastern Orthodox Church, during the feast day of Saint Joseph
2655-439: The protector of the Catholic Church, in addition to his patronages of the sick and of a holy death, due to the belief that he died in the presence of Jesus and Mary. Joseph has become patron of various dioceses and places. Being a patron saint of virgins, he is venerated as "most chaste". A specific veneration is attributed to the pure and most Chaste Heart of Joseph . Several venerated images of Saint Joseph have been granted
2714-413: The rebuilding. Specifically the large theatre in the city has been suggested, although this has aroused much controversy over dating and other issues. Other scholars see Joseph and Jesus as the general village craftsmen, working in wood, stone, and metal on a wide variety of jobs. The name "Joseph" is found almost exclusively in the genealogies and the infancy narratives. The canonical gospels created
2773-412: The same reason he declared a Year of Saint Joseph , from 8 December 2020, to 8 December 2021. Pope Pius IX proclaimed Saint Joseph the patron of the Universal Church in 1870. Having died in the "arms of Jesus and Mary" according to Catholic tradition, he is considered the model of the pious believer who receives grace at the moment of death, in other words, the patron of a happy death. Saint Joseph
2832-534: The sons of Mary, the mother of Jesus, and Joseph; (2) sons of Mary, the wife of Clopas and sister of Mary the mother of Jesus; or (3) sons of Joseph by a former marriage. Modern positions on the question of the relationship between Joseph and the Virgin Mary vary. The Eastern Orthodox Church , which names Joseph's first wife as Salome , holds that Joseph was a widower and betrothed to Mary, and that references to Jesus' "brothers" were children of Joseph from
2891-515: The top 10 boys' names list in the US from 1925 to 1972. It is especially common in contemporary Israel, as either "Yossi" or "Yossef", and in Italy, where the name "Giuseppe" was the most common male name in the 20th century. In the first century CE, Joseph was the second most popular male name for Israeli Jews. In the Book of Genesis Joseph is Jacob 's eleventh son and Rachel 's first son, and known in
2950-544: The twelve-year-old Mary, who then lives in his household raising his youngest son James the Less (the supposed author of the Protoevangelium) until she is ready to be married at age 14½. Joseph's death aged 111, attended by angels and asserting the perpetual virginity of Mary , takes up approximately half the story. According to the bishop of Salamis, Epiphanius , in his work The Panarion (AD 374–375) Joseph became
3009-668: The village, it is estimated that the population was at most about 400. It was, however, only about 6 kilometers from the city of Sepphoris , which was destroyed and depopulated by the Romans in 4 BC, and thereafter was expensively rebuilt. Analysis of the landscape and other evidence suggest that in Joseph's lifetime Nazareth was "oriented toward" the nearby city, which had an overwhelmingly Jewish population although with many signs of Hellenization , and historians have speculated that Joseph and later Jesus too might have traveled daily to work on
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#17327662905573068-478: The word "brother" as a generic term for one's fellow man. This custom has continued into modern times, with close friends, colleagues, and fellow churchgoers often called "brothers and sisters." Generally, most Protestants read "brothers and sisters" of Jesus as referring specifically to children born of Mary. The doctrine of the perpetual virginity of Mary means among other things that Joseph and Mary never had sexual relations. The term kiddushin , which refers to
3127-569: The world churches named after the saint may be known as those of San Giuseppe , e.g. San Giuseppe dei Teatini , San José , e.g. Metropolitan Cathedral of San José or São José , e.g. in Porto Alegre , Brazil. The Sisters of St. Joseph were founded as an order in 1650 and have about 14,013 members worldwide. In 1871, the Josephite Fathers of the Catholic Church were created under the patronage of Joseph, intending to work with
3186-535: Was a brother of Joseph and an uncle of Jesus." Epiphanius adds that Joseph and Cleopas were brothers, sons of "Jacob, surnamed Panther." Origen quotes the Greek philosopher and opponent of early Christianity Celsus (from his work On the True Doctrine , c. 178 AD) as controversially asserting that Joseph left Mary upon learning of her pregnancy: "...when she was pregnant she was turned out of doors by
3245-541: Was a carpenter. Because the feast occurs during Lent, traditionally no meat was allowed on the celebration table. The altar usually has three tiers, to represent the Trinity. In 1870, Pope Pius IX declared Joseph patron of the Universal Church and instituted another feast, a solemnity to be held on the third Sunday of Eastertide. Pope Pius X, in order to restore the celebration of Sundays, moved this feast to
3304-744: Was born there. Luke's account makes no mention of him being visited by angels (Mary and various others instead receive similar visitations), the Massacre of the Innocents, or of the flight into Egypt. The last time Joseph appears in person in any of the canonical Gospels is in the narrative of the Passover visit to the Temple in Jerusalem when Jesus is 12 years old, which is found only in Luke. No mention
3363-409: Was considered wise and highly literate in the Torah. At the time of Joseph, Nazareth was an obscure village in Galilee , about 130 kilometres (81 mi) from the Holy City of Jerusalem , and is barely mentioned in surviving non-Christian texts and documents. Archaeology over most of the site is made impossible by subsequent building, but from what has been excavated and tombs in the area around
3422-413: Was the legal father of Jesus . Joseph is venerated as Saint Joseph in the Catholic Church , Eastern Orthodox Church , Oriental Orthodox Church , Anglicanism and Lutheranism . In Catholic traditions, Joseph is regarded as the patron saint of workers and is associated with various feast days . The month of March is dedicated to Saint Joseph. Pope Pius IX declared him to be both the patron and
3481-480: Was the son, so it was thought, of Joseph, the son of Heli,"; or alternatively punctuated: "(ὡς ἐνομ. τοῦ Ἰωσὴφ) τοῦ Ἡλί, ‘the son (as supposed of Joseph, but in reality) of Heli'". In Luke the tone of the contemporary people is positive, whereas in Mark and Matthew it is disparaging. This incident does not appear in John , but in a parallel story, the disbelieving neighbors refer to "Jesus the son of Joseph, whose father and mother we know". Joseph appears in Luke as
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