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126-476: The MXT-MV was designed and developed by Navistar International 's International Military and Government division (now named Navistar Defense) and a subsidiary of Navistar International called Diamond Force Engineering (which was based in Dearborn Heights, Michigan). The development was led by Jim Bartel, Dick Rief, Wes Schultz, Ron Byrd, John Glass, Paul Klein and Britt Smart. The MXT-MV was exhibited at

252-440: A brand architecture during the first half of the 20th century, when the concept was still new. IH capitalized on farmers' familiarity with its older brands stretching back to individual entrepreneurs of the earliest days of agricultural mechanization ( Cyrus McCormick , William Deering ), which is why legacy company brands McCormick and Deering were used. The Farmall name itself began as a model name and then evolved to encompass

378-603: A Brazilian engine manufacturer formerly associated with Deutz AG . MWM was sold to Tupy S.A. in 2022. In 1986, Navistar was formed from the engine division of the former International Harvester (alongside the truck division). In a continuation from its predecessor, International produced both gasoline and diesel-fueled engines for its medium-duty trucks and some heavy-duty trucks, offering second-party engines as an option. Class 8 trucks offered second-party diesel engines (from Caterpillar, Cummins, and Detroit Diesel). From International Harvester, International inherited production of

504-812: A Recreational Vehicle manufacturer, and a "gold-plated" corporate headquarters that cost over $ 100 million. The one thing this Board refused to spend money on was a back-up plan involving the industry standard technology Navistar now must rely on." In a September 2012 interview, Cummins CEO Tom Linebarger said, "all we did was act nice to them (Navistar) even when they didn't talk nicely about us," he smiled, recalling harsh comments that Navistar executives had made about SCR being used by all its competitors. In October 2012, Chief Product Officer Deepak Kapur stepped down, followed by Group Vice President of Product Development Ramin Younessi in December 2012. CIO Don Sharp also left

630-506: A body-color grille replaced chrome trim. Navistar also transitioned from manufacturing both gasoline and diesel powered vehicles to exclusively selling and making diesel vehicles after 1986. In 1990, International introduced the 9400, an aerodynamic Class 8 truck derived from the Transtar/Paystar cab, using a set-back front axle (to allow for a longer, sloped hood); the classic-style 9300 (the previous Transtar) continued. In 1991,

756-430: A bright, distinctive color scheme in 1936 helped to further strengthen the branding effort. The Fordson was the first truly mass-produced, light, affordable tractor, and thus the first to tap the market of small to medium family farms on a large scale. Its design was excellent in many respects, including design for manufacturability and the low cost that it allowed. But one task that its design had not been tailored to

882-855: A campus like this anywhere for anywhere near the price we paid for this, and even though you might get more incentives, when you look at the whole picture, you really can't beat it," said Don Sharp, Navistar vice president. In 2011, Navistar began phasing out its Truck Development and Technology Center (TDTC) in Fort Wayne, Indiana. In December 2011, Navistar laid off 130 employees, mostly engineers and designers who were United Auto Workers members. In total, 300 out of 1,400 Fort Wayne employees eventually accepted offers to relocate to Illinois. The other 1,100 workers either retired or chose to remain in Indiana and find work elsewhere. The only Navistar employees remaining after December 2012 were 20-25 people manning

1008-486: A century of business in Chicago , Navistar announced its plans on 30 September 2000 to leave the city and relocate its corporate offices to west suburban Warrenville, Illinois . In 2000, the 5000/9000-series trucks (Paystar/Transtar) received their first redesign of the cab since 1971, becoming the 5000i/9000i; the cab was enlarged (adding larger windows, moving the firewall forward). In 2001, International introduced

1134-501: A class of machine that various companies were building and selling in the late 1910s and early 1920s. As the name implies, these were self-propelled cultivators in the simplest sense—little more than a horse implement with a motor added. The IH motor cultivator and another all-purpose tractor, the Moline Plow Company 's Universal, both sold several hundred units in the late 1910s. IH's machine was not particularly successful;

1260-417: A decision was made to change the entire tractor (frame, sheet metal, engine, and wheels) to a new color, 'Farmall Red'. It was around this time many tractor manufacturers began using bright, distinctive colors for branding (e.g., Allis-Chalmers orange). A farmer could look out across the fields and see his neighbor's tractor from a great distance and know what make it was; this provided a sort of advertising in

1386-466: A diesel engine to market faster (and at far lower cost) than developing an engine from the ground up. In 1988, as International phased out the 6.9L engine, Ford received the 7.3L IDI diesel. During 1994 production, the IDI was replaced by the all-new T444E; to emphasize the introduction of direct injection fuel delivery, Ford began to brand International-sourced engines under the "PowerStroke" branding. As with

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1512-535: A focus on quality, reducing the company's cost structure and paring back its product line. Navistar also sold several businesses that it deemed were not providing enough of a Return On Invested Capital (ROIC). Among them were their Monaco Coach Corporation Recreational Vehicle (RV) business as well as Workhorse Chassis . They also exited their joint venture with Mahindra and sold off their E-Z Pack unit, which made bodies for garbage trucks, as well as its Continental Mixer unit, which made concrete mixers, for prices

1638-521: A follow-up order was placed for an additional 89 vehicles, worth US$ 56 million. Variants are available with three different cab configurations: Standard, Extended Cab, and Crew Cab. Standard, unarmored version. The MXT-MVA (Military Extreme Truck - Military Version Armored) was designed by Israeli vehicle manufacturer Plasan . It offers the choice of two removable armor kits, dubbed A-Kit and B-Kit, with increasing levels of protection against bullets, mines and improvised explosive devices . The Husky

1764-550: A full charge took between 6 and 8 hours. By May 2010 the eStar had received U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and CARB certifications. The eStar also met all Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS). The first vans were delivered in May 2010 to FedEx Express for use in Los Angeles. Other customers included Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E), The Coca-Cola Company , and Canada Post . The eStar had

1890-627: A joint venture between the two companies for development of a new Class 4/5 commercial vehicle was announced. In early 2017, Navistar's truck assembly plant in Springfield, Ohio, began production of cutaway van chassis variants of the GMT610 Chevrolet Express and GMC Savana. Further details around the Chevy Silverado 4500HD/5500HD/6500HD were announced by General Motors early in 2018, with Navistar also unveiling

2016-595: A leading brand of all-purpose tractors. Its bright red color was a distinctive badge. During the 1940s and 1950s, the brand was ubiquitous in North American farming. Various trends in farming after the 1960s—such as the decline of cultivating in favor of herbicidal weed control, and the consolidation of the agricultural sector into larger but fewer farms—ended the era of Farmall manufacturing. However, many Farmalls remain in farming service, and many others are restored and collected by enthusiasts. In these respects,

2142-409: A long history in the school bus industry as a chassis provider, dating to when school buses first became motorized. In 1991, parent company Navistar expanded its presence in the segment as it acquired a stake in school bus body manufacturer AmTran , completing its purchase in 1995. Since 2002, IC Bus operates as the bus-manufacturing subsidiary of Navistar; though specializing in yellow school buses,

2268-420: A manufacturer of step-van and motor home chassis, to seemingly re-enter the delivery van market. It appeared that the new subsidiary might also benefit by its association with a company whose history from the 1930s into the '60s included the popular Metro van . For a short time Workhorse offered an integrated chassis-body product called MetroStar. In Sept. of 2012, Navistar announced the shut down of Workhorse and

2394-461: A model line . With the success of the Farmall, other manufacturers soon introduced similar general- to all-purpose tractors with varying success. In their early years, they often included the word "all" in the name of the product. During the first decade of Farmall sales, IH's advertising even had to emphasize the name's correlation to IH, to protect the brand name from genericization . The shift to

2520-506: A more powerful engine, and renamed it F-20. At this time, IH also added another model, the F-12, a smaller, lighter version of the original. It had no portal axle at the rear, deriving its ride height instead from larger-diameter wheels. Thus, beginning in 1932, the Farmall brand had grown from a single model to a model line, which became known as the F-series . In 1938, the F-12 was replaced by

2646-775: A new COO, CEO Troy Clarke split the COO duties among three other executives. General Motors Co. and Navistar have reached a long-term agreement to develop and assemble future medium-duty, conventional cab Class 4/5 commercial vehicles, allowing Navistar to strengthen its product lineup and GM to expand its Chevrolet commercial truck portfolio. The future trucks will be jointly developed using Navistar's expertise in rolling chassis configurations and manufacturing capabilities, and GM's commercial components and engines. The vehicles entered production in late 2018 and are manufactured at Navistar's facility in Springfield, Ohio. In September 2016, Navistar and Volkswagen Truck and Bus (now called Traton ),

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2772-407: A poison pill defense. If the plan were triggered by an outside investor taking a stake of 15 percent or more in the company, then Navistar would issue its shareholders rights that would let them buy new common stock in the company at a discount of 50 percent: For each share held, the investor could buy $ 280 worth of new shares for $ 140. The investor who took the 15 percent stake or more would not have

2898-456: A price of US$ 150,000 . Navistar discontinued the eStar van in March 2013, as part of a corporate restructuring plan to focus on current profitability. In 2003, Navistar created Navistar Defense . While Navistar had manufactured vehicles for the military long into its existence as International Harvester, Navistar Defense would operate as a freestanding division within the company. Alongside

3024-549: A range of trucks from consumer-grade pickup trucks (Light Line) to heavy-duty commercial trucks along with the first sport-utility vehicles (the Travelall truck-based wagon and the offroad-oriented Scout ). Alongside its Farmall tractor brand, International introduced the Cub Cadet brand of lawn and garden tractors and power equipment for home use. In the early to mid 1980s, International Harvester fell on hard times during

3150-697: A redesigned turbocharger; the DT530 was replaced by the DT570 (sized between the Caterpillar C9 and the Cummins ISL). In place of using Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) to treat engine emissions, International adopted Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR), a configuration used with success in automobiles with gasoline engines. For 2007 emissions compliance, International launched the "MaxxForce" branding for its diesel engines. The VT engine family consisted of

3276-528: A third-quarter net loss of $ 2 million, or $ 0.02 per diluted share, compared to a third-quarter 2013 net loss of $ 247 million, or $ 3.06 per diluted share. It was also in September that CEO Troy Clarke announced that the company's biggest divestitures were complete, and that the focus would now be on regaining lost market share. On November 6, 2014, leadership changes continued at Navistar, with Executive VP and COO Jack Allen retiring immediately. Rather than hire

3402-400: A utility tractor. By 1973, IH had officially dropped the 'Farmall' name from its new tractor models, ending an era that began with the first Farmall Regular back in 1924. However, the Farmall nameplate continued to appear on new 1974 and 1975 tractors until the factories exhausted their inventory of obsolete name badges. On February 1, 1974, at 9:00 A.M., the 5,000,000th IH tractor came off

3528-611: A wider front axle. During the Letter series era, these alternate models were sold under the McCormick-Deering brand; later models were badged with the International brand. Some examples include: The International 544 and 656 Row-Crop tractors were a bit of an anomaly until International dropped the Farmall brand, in that they combined some of the customary features of a Farmall (such as an adjustable wheel width) with

3654-404: A wider variety of capabilities, engines, and equipment options. The smallest of the line, the 'A', utilized the company's Culti-Vision offset engine/front end design, along with a wide front wheel track and dropped axles. The 'B' was the same as the 'A' with the exceptions that it used a narrow, tricycle type front end, and the engine/driveline were placed along the centerline of the tractor. On

3780-424: Is a model BM (British M) with a gasoline engine. This model was built from 1949 until 1954. Detailed tables of model names, years, engine displacements , horsepower ratings, production quantities, serial number ranges, and other statistics are available in reference books on the subject. The Farmall Cub , A, B, 100, 130, and 140 models had the seat offset from the engine, allowing the operator to look directly at

3906-831: Is a variant of the MXT-MVA modified to satisfy the United Kingdom's Ministry of Defence requirements for the Tactical Support Vehicle (TSV) program for the British Army . Navistar built its rejected M-ATV candidate sharing some powertrain and suspension components with the MXT, but with a unique chassis. This protection system was designed by Navistar rather than its normal MXT and MRAP partner, Plasan. Navistar International International Motors, LLC (formerly Navistar International Corporation )

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4032-609: Is an American holding company created in 1986. The successor to the International Harvester manufacturing company, International produces trucks and diesel engines under its own brand; the company produces buses under the IC Bus name. Since July 2021, the company has operated as an independent subsidiary of Traton , which is the heavy-vehicle operations arm of the Volkswagen Group . International

4158-565: Is headquartered in Lisle, Illinois and has its own executive leadership team. The company has 13,000 employees worldwide as of 2019. International operates through a network of nearly 1,000 dealer outlets in the United States, Canada, Brazil, and Mexico and more than 60 dealers in 90 countries. Navistar Defense LLC operates independently and is owned by Cerberus Capital Management . The merger of McCormick Harvesting Machine Company and

4284-535: Is the tallest ever mass-produced and the latter is the longest pickup truck ever mass-produced. Following the 2006 introduction of the International ProStar long-haul tractor (replacing the aerodynamic 9400i), International began to retire its previous "Thousand-Series" nomenclature for NGV-based trucks. In 2008, the medium-duty 4000 became the DuraStar with the 7000 severe-service trucks becoming

4410-522: The Ford Model T or Fordson tractor , could meet that requirement. The Farmall was thus similar to a Fordson in its capabilities and affordability, but with better cultivating ability. Descriptions of tractors as "general-purpose" and "all-purpose" had been used loosely and interchangeably in the teens and early twenties; but a true all -purpose tractor would be one that not only brought power to plowing , harrowing , and belt work but also obviated

4536-706: The MaxxPro MRAP and the MXT-MV , Navistar Defense has developed military variants of the 5000 and 7000 severe-service trucks (today, the HX and HV-Series on-road). Navistar entered into an agreement to purchase General Motors' medium duty truck unit in 2007, but because of changing market conditions the purchase ultimately did not occur, and production of the Chevrolet Kodiak and GMC TopKick were discontinued in 2009 as GM entered bankruptcy protection . In 2015,

4662-721: The Oshkosh M-ATV instead. In 2009 a modified variant of the MXT-MVA was ordered for service with the British Army . This variant was known as the Husky in British military service. The Husky was ordered to replace the British Army's Snatch Land Rovers in Afghanistan, which had proven to be inadequate in protecting their occupants from improvised explosive devices. A total of 262 vehicles were initially ordered. In 2010,

4788-546: The various John Deere L/LA/LI models , one of the "mechanization-resistant" markets it hoped to penetrate was the small, poor, one-mule family farms of the rural American Deep South . But the Cub also sold to owners of larger farms who required a second tractor. Production of the Cub commenced at the newly acquired Farmall Works-Louisville plant (formerly the wartime Curtiss-Wright Aircraft factory in Louisville, Kentucky ) which

4914-536: The "NGV" trucks (Next Generation Vehicles); the first model family developed under the founding of Navistar, NGV was intended as the successor of the Thousand-Series trucks (though using a nearly identical nomenclature). The S-Series lasted in production through 2003 for severe-service trucks and 2004 as a cowled bus chassis. In 2002, AmTran was rebranded as IC (Integrated Coach) after a few months as International Truck and Bus. For 2004, Navistar reentered

5040-418: The 1983 model year as an engine-supply agreement, the relationship evolved into a $ 400 million yearly business, culminating into joint production of entire vehicle lines. Following the end of the diesel-engine supply agreement after the 2010 model year, Ford and Navistar ended collaborative production of medium-duty commercial trucks after the 2014 model year In the mid-2000s, Ford supplied pickup bodies for

5166-883: The 2005 edition of the annual Association of the United States Army (AUSA) Show, held in October at the Washington Convention Center . In August the following year, the MXT-MVA version was demonstrated to the United States Army at the Aberdeen Proving Ground . The MXT-MVA was Navistar's entry in the 2008 selection competition for the US Army's MRAP All Terrain Vehicle (M-ATV) program, but the army chose to procure

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5292-408: The 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act . The eStar had a 5,100 lb (2,300 kg) payload capacity available with a 14- or 16-foot cargo box. The vehicle was powered by a 70 kW 102 hp electric motor powered by an 80 kWhr lithium-ion battery pack supplied by A123 Systems , and also used regenerative braking . The electric van had a range of 100 mi (160 km), and

5418-654: The 4.5-liter MaxxForce 5 V6 and the 6.4-liter MaxxForce 7 V8 (replacing the VT365). The DT466 became the MaxxForceDT, with the DT and HT570 becoming the MaxxForce 9 and 10, respectively. For its Class 8 trucks, the company introduced "large-bore" engines for the first time, introducing the 10.5L MaxxForce 11 and the 12.4L MaxxForce 13. After the 2010 model year, Ford ended its engine supply agreement with International, continuing

5544-466: The 460 and 560 tractors starting in 1958. Large competitors such as Deere and Caterpillar lagged at least two years behind IH in offering direct-start diesel products. The Torque Amplifier (TA) was first introduced on the "improved" Super M of 1954, called the Super M-TA. An auxiliary planetary gearset provided a double-reduction (low) gear ratio for each transmission gear (comparable in function to

5670-628: The 6.4L engine would not properly fit in the vehicle, the E-Series continued use of the 6.0L diesel. After the 2010 model year, Ford ended the use of International-supplied diesel engines. From 2011 onward, the Super Duty was fitted with diesel engines developed by Ford; the E-Series shifted production exclusively to gasoline-based engines. Today, Ford continues the use of the PowerStroke branding, using it for multiple diesel engines produced by

5796-521: The 6.9L and its successor V8 engines, the supply agreement lasted through 2010. At the beginning of 1985, the Agricultural Division was acquired by Tenneco , the parent company of company rival Case Corporation ; the IHC name and its logo were assets of the Agricultural Division, consequently part of the sale. Tenneco created the merged Case IH (as both brands currently remain). Following

5922-477: The C in 1948, which combined the attributes of both models into one tractor, while moving the operator position on top of the tractor in a more traditional layout like the H and M. Though the "Super series" received improvements, these tractors largely followed the design of their predecessors, and like them, were built to last. In 1954, the numbered or so-called Hundred series tractors appeared. The Hundred series models used numbers instead of letters to identify

6048-667: The DT inline-6 engine family was expanded to a second engine, as the DT360 was introduced (competing directly against the Cummins 6BT ). During 1994 production, the IDI V8 was replaced by the direct-injection T444E V8, sharing little more than its displacement with its predecessor; the T444E became the first Ford PowerStroke engine. While the DT360 was withdrawn (largely replaced by the T444E),

6174-667: The DT466 (now the DT466E) was joined by the larger DT530E (competing primarily against the Cummins C8.3 ). For the 2000s, International began developing engines to comply with updated emissions standards for commercial vehicles. During 2003, the T444E was discontinued and replaced the VT engine family , introduced by the VT365 V8. For 2004, the DT engines received modernized fuel injection and

6300-705: The Deering Harvester Company in 1902 resulted in the formation of the International Harvester Company (IH) of Chicago, Illinois . In 1908, International introduced the International Harvester Auto Wagon , a forerunner of the pickup truck . Over the next three-quarters of the 20th century, the company evolved to become a diversified vehicle manufacturer across many industries. In addition to agriculture and construction, International offered

6426-479: The F-14, almost identical to the F-12 except for an updated steering column and a higher-revving engine (whose higher rev limit , 1650 rpm instead of 1400, made it more powerful at peak output). All Farmall tractors were painted a deep blue-grey until mid-1936 (around July through September). The color has often been mistaken for battleship grey , but it was actually bluer. The wheels were most often red. In mid-1936,

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6552-465: The Farmall era continues. As predicted in the 1980s and 1990s, the growing public understanding of environmental protection , and of sustainability in general, have brought a corollary resurgence of interest in organic farming and local food production . This cultural development has brought a limited but notable revival of cultivating and of the use of equipment such as Farmalls. Being an amalgamation , IH, like General Motors , gradually evolved

6678-530: The Fast Hitch in the 1960s after the three-point hitch was standardized and adopted by all manufacturers. There are kits available from a variety of sources that will either convert a Fast Hitch to a three-point, or add a three-point hitch to tractors that originally only had a fixed drawbar. International Harvester was one of the earliest manufacturers to provide a stepless transmission in a row crop tractor. Introduced first as an option on 656 and 544 tractors,

6804-700: The Ford F-650 and F-750 Super Duty were produced with different bodywork and powertrains than the International 4200/4300. In 2006, Blue Diamond released the Ford LCF/International CF , the first model line developed under the joint venture. To create the low-cab COE, the frame (sourced from the Ford F-450/F-550 Super Duty) was mated with the cab of the Mazda Titan (converted to left-hand drive). The LCF received

6930-535: The IDI diesel was replaced by the all-new T444E diesel V8. Sharing only displacement with its predecessor, the T444E introduced direct injection and standard turbocharging; the engine marked the introduction of the PowerStroke diesel branding for Ford vehicles. In 1998, following a decline in demand for COE trucks in North America, the 9800 was discontinued and production moved to Brazil. After nearly

7056-680: The IDI, the T444E/PowerStroke was used in F-Series/E-Series trucks and vans. During 2003 production, the Ford Super Duty line and the E-Series adopted the VT365, replacing the T444E. For 2008, the MaxxForce 7 was introduced for the Super Duty pickups as a PowerStroke engine; in place of a variable-geometry turbocharger (used by International trucks), Ford versions of the engine were fitted with compound turbochargers. As

7182-522: The IH "tractor" logo. In 1987, International introduced the 8300, marking a second generation of the International S series . Designated as the "Thousand Series" by the marketplace, the 8300 was joined by additional Class 7/8 tractors and by the 4000-series medium-duty trucks in 1989. To upgrade fuel economy, the Thousand-Series trucks received an aerodynamic hood with faired in headlamps and turn signals;

7308-563: The IH Model 350, which offered engines using a variety of commonly available fuels: gasoline, diesel, or LP-gas. The diesel engine version had a direct-start feature, and could be started and run using only diesel fuel. In 1957, IH again gave the tractor lineup an overhaul. Although the basic design was still not changed to any significant degree, new white paint was added to the front grille and sides, new engines were introduced, and new number designations were added. Along with these additions,

7434-425: The International XT line. As a result of the gas crises of the 1970s, the implementation of Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE), was applied to light trucks alongside automobiles. In response, large-block gasoline V8 engines (such as the Ford 460 ) were withdrawn from production from pickup trucks and full-size vans. For the 1983 model year, Ford entered into a supply agreement with International Harvester to use

7560-419: The International-branded variant of the truck, the CV series , shortly thereafter. Production started in late 2018. The truck serves as a successor to the previously discontinued Chevrolet Kodiak and International TerraStar , competing against the Ford Super Duty F-450/F-550/F-600 and Ram Chassis Cab . From the 1980s to the 2010s, Navistar had a close relationship with Ford Motor Company . Commencing for

7686-400: The Model H proved most popular with customers. The 'MD' Farmall offered a diesel engine, which actually started on gasoline, then was switched over to diesel when thoroughly warmed up. Sales took off, and letter-series production did not end until 1954. Overall, the Farmall 'letter' series, well built and affordable, became not only a defining product line in IH history, but an iconic symbol of

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7812-426: The Moline Universal was more successful, but its parent company nevertheless faced dire financial straits. Both models were soon discontinued. Many farmers were content (and could afford) to keep one or two horses or mules around to do miscellaneous light work (such as cultivating). Around 1920, as IH's motor cultivator died, a team of IH engineers had evolved the motor cultivator into an all-purpose tractor, replacing

7938-449: The PHEV school bus, Navistar will examine a range of hybrid architectures and evaluate advanced energy storage devices, with the goal of developing a vehicle with a 40-mile (64 km) range. Travel beyond the range will be facilitated by a clean diesel engine capable of running on renewable fuels. The DOE funding will cover up to half of the project's cost and will be provided over three years, subject to annual appropriations . The eStar

8064-447: The PowerStroke range under its own designs. The MaxxForce 7 and DT engines were updated with twin turbochargers to improve emissions compliance. Following several years of difficulty reliably matching 2007 and 2010 emissions compliance, International chose to end diesel engine production following the 2015 model year, replacing the MaxxForce 7 and MaxxForceDT with the Cummins ISB6.7 and ISL9, respectively. In 2017, International reentered

8190-437: The SV-series gasoline V8, IDI diesel V8, DV-series diesel V8, and DT466 inline-6. After 1986, the production of gasoline engines ended, shifting to diesel-powered engines entirely. During the 1980s, Navistar began an expansion of its engine families. For 1986, a 7.3L version of the IDI was introduced; the engine supplanted the long-running DV-series V8 by the end of 1988; the same year, it became an option in Ford trucks. For 1987,

8316-517: The TAs on the "Standard", "Utility", and "Industrial" tractor lines as well. The Fast Hitch was IH's answer to the three-point hitch developed years earlier by Harry Ferguson , and featured on Ford-Ferguson tractors . The Fast Hitch was first offered as an option on the Super C. Fast Hitch was then an option on the 100, 200, 300, and 400 and some later models. However, even the Fast Hitch had three incompatible variants (100—single prong; 200—two small prongs; 300/400—two large prongs). IH discontinued

8442-425: The Torque Amplifier was added to the Model 300 and all larger models. This provided on-the-go shifting to suit varied needs; the operator was offered ten forward gears and two reverse, instead of the usual five and one. Another addition to these tractors was the independent ("live") power take-off (PTO), which meant that the farmer could run the PTO even when the clutch was disengaged (clutch pedal pushed down). Although

8568-423: The Traton Group. As part of the acquisition, the company was renamed Navistar, Inc from Navistar International Corporation. On July 15, 2020, Navistar established a developmental production partnership with TuSimple, an autonomous trucking technology company, to manufacture Level-4 autonomous semi-trucks. The production is said to start in 2024 Although with non-disclosure of the total investment amount from both

8694-459: The US. Its general-purpose machines' origins were in row-crop tractors , a category that they helped establish and in which they long held a large market share . During the decades of Farmall production (1920s to 1980s), most Farmalls were built for row-crop work, but many orchard , fairway, and other variants were also built. Most Farmalls were all-purpose tractors that were affordable for small to medium-sized family farms , and could do enough of

8820-569: The WorkStar. The 8000 regional-haul tractors revived the TranStar name; the LoneStar flagship long-haul tractor had no predecessor. Using the previous-generation i-series cab, the Paystar 5000 and the 9000i (pared down to the 9900i) In response to low market demand, International ended sales of all three XT pickup truck lines after the 2008 model year. In 2005, Navistar purchased the Workhorse Custom Chassis, LLC (started in 1998 by investors who took over production and sales of General Motors' popular P-series Stepvan chassis when GM dropped it),

8946-445: The assembly line at the Farmall Works plant in Rock Island, Illinois. IH was the first tractor manufacturer to officially accomplish this production threshold In 2004 Case IH reintroduced the Farmall brand, initially as a line of small utility tractors with less than 55 horsepower (41 kW), intended for small-acreage farms. The brand includes a return to letter designations according to size. Generally tractors were marketed by

9072-492: The closure of the plant in Union City, Indiana, in order to cut costs. In March 2013, AMP Electric Vehicles took over Workhorse Custom Chassis, LLC's assets and began offering a range of electric vehicles . In 2015, AMP changed the company name to Workhorse Group Incorporated. In 2010, Navistar leadership revived an effort to relocate the company headquarters from Warrenville, IL, to nearby Lisle, IL. The new headquarters

9198-570: The company also produces vehicles for commercial use. The IC Bus name stands for Integrated Coach, denoting how vehicles are designed and assembled nearly completely under a single corporate structure. The entire IC product line is derived from medium-duty International vehicles, using a body design designed within the company. Commercial-use bus Commercial-use bus (Final variant of International S-Series remaining in production) Produced by IC Bus for bodywork by second-party manufacturers In 2005, Navistar purchased MWM International Motores ,

9324-899: The company characterized as "not material." In January 2014, Forbes reported several key challenges facing Navistar, which include declining military sales, a pension plan underfunded by $ 2.7 billion, two self-disclosed weaknesses in accounting practices and a new collective bargaining agreement for the company's 6,000 full and part-time workers who are represented by labor unions. In February 2014, Navistar announced it would move some engine production operations from Huntsville, Alabama, to Melrose Park, Illinois by summer 2014. The move eliminated 280 jobs in Alabama and saved an estimated $ 22 million. Navistar said it would keep two other diesel engine plants operating in Huntsville. In September 2014, Navistar reported its best quarter in years. It announced

9450-517: The company in April 2013. August 2012 featured a Voluntary Separation Program (VSP) as well as involuntary layoffs. This was due to the failed engine strategy, rising warranty costs and declines in commercial and military sales. The company let go 500 employees and in September 2012, announced plans to lay off 200 more salaried employees. In addition, the company announced it would close its Garland, Texas manufacturing facility by mid-2013, resulting in

9576-461: The company's test track on Oxford Street. In late July 2015, the TDTC closed and the remaining workers were let go. In June 2012, speculation mounted about a possible takeover of the struggling truck maker. This came as hedge fund MHR Fund Management LLC disclosed a 13.6% stake in the company, slightly higher than billionaire activist investor Carl Icahn's 11.9% stake. As a result, Navistar adopted

9702-448: The company. As tractor production was a mainstay of the company, IH realized they would have to modernize and re-engineer their tractor line, lowering costs where possible in order to remain competitive. The massive boilerplate frame and iron housings of the old IH tractors were slowly phased out for lighter, less-expensive components. The streamlined exterior of the earlier tractors was replaced by straighter, more angular lines, updating

9828-476: The company. In September 2001, Navistar announced a joint venture with Ford, named Blue Diamond Truck Co. LLC. A 50/50 agreement between the two companies, Blue Diamond was intended to develop and manufacture vehicles and powertrains for both companies using the International facility in General Escobedo , Mexico. In 2004, Blue Diamond Truck launched production. While sharing a common frame,

9954-565: The consumer vehicle market for the first time since 1980, introducing the International XT (Extreme Truck) model family. Three pickup trucks were sold, including the CXT 4x4 (derived from the 7300), the RXT 4x2 (derived from the 4300) and the MXT 4x4 (a MXT-MV redeveloped for street-legal use). The CXT and RXT are (by far) the largest vehicles ever sold for consumer sale; to date, the former

10080-413: The day; additionally, because of the second group, the Farmall could also, like previous tractors, perform all the other duties a farmer would have previously achieved using a team of horses . A tractor could yield lower overall operating costs than horses as long as it was priced right and reliable (and its fuel supply as well). The Farmall, mass-produced with the same low-cost-and-high-value ethos as

10206-577: The design proved to be unsuccessful. However, the new tractor did its many jobs well and hence sold well, and by 1926, IH was ready for large-scale production at its new Farmall Works plant in Rock Island, Illinois . Although the Farmall never reached the per-year production numbers of the Fordson during the 1920s, it was the tractor that prevented the Fordson from completely owning the market on small, lightweight, mass-produced, affordable tractors for

10332-849: The diesel engine production segment, launching the A26 12.4L inline-6. Largely serving as a company-produced successor to the MaxxForce 13, the A26 was developed from the MAN D26 engine. In 2022, Navistar introduced the International S13 engine. Unlike the A26, the S13 engine operates on low revolutions and higher torque equating to fewer fuel injections and less fuel consumption. This engine uses selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology, something that has never been used in Navistar's older engines. The U.S. Department of Energy announced in 2009

10458-532: The engine on gasoline, then manually switched it to diesel fuel after warming up the entire engine. This two-in-one engine design, also known as a "gas-diesel", was unique to IHC agricultural products from 1935 to 1958 and IHC construction/industrial products from 1935 to the early 1960s. Other companies used different yet elaborate means to crank and warm their diesels, such as a pony motor, compressed air, hot bulb, or black powder, among other things. The Farmall Super MD, Super M-TA Diesel, 400 Diesel, and 450 Diesel used

10584-489: The excitement caused by the new introduction was short-lived. The following June, IH recalled the 460, 560, and 660 tractors after reports of mechanical breakdown in the field. IH, who wanted to be the first big-power tractor manufacturer, had inexplicably failed to substantially enlarge or re-engineer critical drive components on the new six-cylinder tractors. The tractors' final drives, which were essentially made up of unaltered Letter Series components, (the 460 carried over from

10710-410: The factory. For large orders, any color scheme could be accommodated at the factory. Although IHC's very first diesel-engine tractor was a "Standard" model WD-40 built from 1935 to 1940, the very first "Farmall" diesel tractor was the model MD released in 1941. Like many agricultural and construction/industrial diesel engines of the time, the early IHC diesels were not direct-start; the operator started

10836-472: The favorite row-crop tractor of America, outselling all other competitors (such as John Deere 's). In 1931 came the first variation of the original Farmall. The F-30 was bigger, heavier, and more powerful. The original Farmall became known by the retronym Regular . (It may never have been an official name for branding, but it was common among farmers.) In 1932, IH updated the Farmall Regular with

10962-542: The final remnant of International in the automotive segment was sold off, as the Scout and Light Truck parts business was sold to Scout/Light Line Distributors, Inc. The same year, Navistar became the parent company of a school bus manufacturer as it purchased one-third of American Transportation Corporation ( AmTran ). Serving as a chassis supplier since the 1920s, Navistar gained significant market share in school bus production, acquiring AmTran entirely in April 1995. In 1994,

11088-736: The first engine developed by Blue Diamond Truck, a 4.5L V6 (a 6-cylinder version of the 6.0L V8). In 2015, the Blue Diamond Truck venture was dissolved by Ford. International retained production at General Escobedo, with Ford shifting medium-duty truck production to its facility in Avon Lake, Ohio. On 16 September 2010, Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Co., Ltd. (JAC) announced joint ventures with NC2 Global and Navistar International Corporation that will develop, build, and market heavy duty trucks and diesel engines in China. In May 2018, it

11214-817: The first five years. In March 2017 it was announced that Volkswagen Truck & Bus's 16.6% equity investment in Navistar became effective from February 28, 2017, with Volkswagen Truck & Bus executives Andreas Renschler and Matthias Gründler joining the Navistar Board of Directors. On January 30, 2020, Traton announced a proposal to purchase all outstanding shares in Navistar. In April 2021, Navistar International Corp. and Traton SE's pending merger transaction began its review process with Brazil's Administrative Council for Economic Defense, or CADE, with market surveys being distributed to 35 companies. On July 1, 2021, Traton successfully completed its takeover of all shares in Navistar, and therefore Navistar became part of

11340-424: The ground under the tractor. This feature was called Culti-Vision because it was created to give the operator an excellent view of the cultivator teeth as they cultivated the vegetable row. ( Cultivating in this context refers to breaking up the soil next to the vegetable row, which kills weeds by uprooting them and/or burying their leaves). The Farmall A, B, and C used a sliding-gear four-speed transmission, while

11466-501: The horse in every job including cultivating. By 1923, they settled on a configuration, and their informal name for the project, the "Farmall", was selected as the product's official name. As IH management was concerned that the new high-riding, tricycle design—a rather spindly -looking thing to eyes of the early 1920s—might turn off customers, the Farmall was initially released only in Texas, in order to minimize potential embarrassment if

11592-418: The horse team entirely. This latter step is what changed the financial picture to heavily favor the mechanization of agriculture. The Farmall was so successful at total horse replacement that it became a strong-selling product. With the success of the Farmall line, other manufacturers soon introduced similar general- to all-purpose tractors with varying success. In later decades, the Farmall line continued to be

11718-480: The intensely competitive tractor market. The F-series tractors lasted until 1939. In late 1939, the famous Letter series of Farmall tractors was introduced. The model name letters were A , B , C (which replaced the B in 1948), H , M , and MD(M diesel). IH commissioned an industrial designer , Raymond Loewy , to give the new Farmall general-purpose tractors a sleek new streamlined look. Designed for small-to-medium size American farms, IH's new machines offered

11844-465: The larger models, the 'tricycle' type, narrow-spaced front wheel design was retained, as it provided quick steering and a considerable improvement in maneuverability over competing tractors such as the Ford 9N . IH took care to produce a model for almost every farm and every need. The Farmall A, B, BN and the later C offered compact size; the H and M series provided extra plowing capability and power, while

11970-426: The larger, more powerful Farmall H and M were fitted with a five-speed transmission. The extra gears of the Farmall tractors helped maximize the engine's power band and road speed, giving a sales advantage over the competition. The A, B, and C all used essentially the same engine but the C ran at a higher RPM and so yielded higher horsepower. IH Farmall Red became the standard Farmall tractor color after 1936, and

12096-548: The look and requiring less-complicated equipment to manufacture. The new machines also became vastly more complex, though easier to operate. Bowing to inevitable sales pressure and bitter price competition from other manufacturers, IH tractors, while still well-made, could no longer be relied upon to last indefinitely. Many Farmall tractor models have one or more mechanically similar models under another IH brand designed for other uses, such as industrial, utility, orchard, or wheatland use. These models have lower ground clearance and

12222-436: The loss of 900 jobs. In March 2013, Navistar announced that interim CEO Lewis Campbell would step down and COO Troy Clarke would be named CEO and chairman of the board. Jack Allen was named COO. In June 2013, CFO A.J. Cederoth stepped down and James M. Moran, Navistar senior vice president, and treasurer, would act as interim CFO until a successor could be found. In late June 2013, former General Motors executive Walter Borst

12348-474: The model H, the 560 did the same from the model M), failed rapidly under the stress of the more powerful 60 series tractor engines. IH's competitors took advantage of the recall, and IH lost customers in the ensuing months. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, IH introduced new tractors and new methods of marketing, but conservative management, an unwieldy corporate organization, and a policy of in-house promotions tended to stifle new ideas and technical innovation at

12474-416: The model. The new models were given slightly different looks and a few new features, but were still essentially the famed Letter series tractors. The Farmall Cub continued unchanged, but in 1955 a new 'low-boy' version was added, featuring a shortened 62.5-inch wheelbase and a frame eight inches lower than the regular Cub tractor, which improved the machine's center of gravity. 1956 saw the introduction of

12600-506: The new tractors did improve sales, IH's innate conservatism and reluctance to update their tractor line in response to changing times was becoming apparent. At the Hinsdale, Illinois Testing Farm in July 1958, IH entertained over 12,000 dealers from over 25 countries. IH showed off their new 60 series of tractors: including the first of their kind, large six-cylinder 460 and 560 models. But

12726-457: The newly introduced IDI diesel V8 for 3 ⁄ 4 and 1-ton F-Series pickups and E-Series vans. While roughly matching the output of the discontinued 400 cubic-inch V8 (the engine that it replaced alongside a reintroduced 460), the 6.9L diesel offered fuel economy closer to the standard 4.9L inline-6. While originally developed for the S1700 medium-duty truck, the engine supply agreement brought

12852-598: The number of 16" width plows they could pull in average soil to indicate their power. Here is a list of plow ratings (see footnotes) for all Farmall tractors produced for North America : Notes: There were also some Farmall models unique to the European market: DF-25 (comparable to the H), DGD4 (comparable to the Super H), BMD (British MD) and B-450 (British 450). These models all utilized direct-start diesel engines. Also there

12978-575: The parties, Navistar has taken a minority stake in TuSimple. On September 25, 2024, Navistar announced its plan to rebrand and change its name to International Motors, LLC , with the change taking effect from October 1 that year. At the same time, the company debuted a new logo and distinct visual identity. In 1986, after International Harvester transitioned to Navistar International, the Truck and Engine Division (essentially all that remained) continued

13104-535: The poor agricultural economy of the times; the company had never recovered from a 172-day strike during 1979–1980 . New chairman and CEO Louis W. Menk hired a new team of management for International, including CEO Donald Lennox, and as part of a new reorganization program, Menk and Lennox ensured that the company divested many of its historical business divisions. While some divisions were sold to stave off losses, other profitable divisions were also sold to generate much-needed revenue. The Construction Equipment Division

13230-501: The prototypical American small-farm tractor. Many machines (especially the two largest models, the H and M) are still in operation on farms today. In 1947, the smallest tractor in the Farmall line was introduced, the Cub . With a 60 cu. in. four-cylinder engine and a 69-inch wheelbase, the Cub was aimed at small farms such as truck farms, horse farms, and other small acreages that had previously continued to rely on horse-drawn equipment. Like

13356-741: The remaining 15 employees at the Truck Development and Technology Center (TDTC) in Fort Wayne , Indiana. In November 2015 and December 2015, several hundred Navistar employees voluntarily left the Corporate HQ office in Lisle, IL, as part of another Voluntary Separation Package (VSP). As part of the turnaround plan, Navistar executives cut costs aggressively. They cut SG&A costs by 16% in 2013 and cut product development spending by 24%. Interim CEO Lewis Campbell's priorities included

13482-526: The right to buy additional shares. In August 2012, Navistar announced it would use Cummins engines and SCR technology. After 37 years with the company, Dan Ustian retired immediately in August 2012 and left his position on the board as well. Former Textron CEO Lewis Campbell was named interim CEO and Troy Clarke was promoted to chief operating officer. Ustian's severance package began at $ 7.9 million. The company's proxy statement during this time estimated

13608-582: The sale to Tenneco, all that remained of the company were the International Truck and Engine Divisions. In response to the sale of its own brand and logo, International Harvester reintroduced itself on February 20, 1986, as Navistar International Corporation (combining "Navi-" of Navigation and "Star" from multiple truck lines). Navistar International became the parent company of International Truck and Engine Corporation (the previous Truck and Engine Division), with an orange-red diamond logo replacing

13734-463: The same IHC gasoline-start engine design as the MD, but with larger displacement (more cubic inches). The first Farmall tractor with a direct-start diesel was the model 350, which appeared in 1956. The 350 could also be ordered with a gasoline or LP-gas engine. The 350's direct-start diesel engine was built by Continental Motors . IH subsequently developed their own line of new direct-start diesel engines for

13860-531: The selection of Navistar Corporation for a cost-shared award of up to US$ 10 million to develop, test, and deploy plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) school buses . The project aims to deploy 60 vehicles for a three-year period in school bus fleets across the nation. The vehicles will be capable of running in either electric-only or hybrid modes that can be recharged from standard electrical outlets. Because electricity will be their primary fuel, they will consume less petroleum than standard vehicles. To develop

13986-438: The small or medium family farm. Its narrow-front tricycle design, high ground clearance to clear crop plants while cultivating (helped by a portal axle [drop gearset]), power take-off (a feature on which IH was an early leader ), and standard mounting points for cultivators and other implements on the tractor's frame (a Farmall first ) gave it some competitive advantages over the Fordson, especially for row crops, and it became

14112-399: The subsidiary of the Volkswagen Group that controls European heavy truck makers MAN and Scania , announced their intent to pursue a strategic technology collaboration and to establish a procurement joint venture. Volkswagen Truck & Bus would take a 16.6% stake in Navistar, in return for an investment of $ 256 million. Navistar expected to realize cumulative synergies of $ 500 million over

14238-403: The tasks needed on the farm that the need for hired hands was reduced and for working horses or mules eliminated. The original Farmall is widely viewed as the first tractor to combine a set of traits that would define the row-crop tractor category, although competition in the category came quickly. Although it was not the first tractor to have any one of these traits, it was early in bringing

14364-596: The total package to be $ 14.6 million, contingent on a share price of $ 42.07 on Oct. 31, 2011, the end of the company's fiscal year. On September 9, 2012, billionaire and key stock holder Carl Icahn sent an open letter to Navistar's board, blasting them for "abysmal business decisions" and "poor corporate governance." Icahn noted from 2009 to 2012, that "this Board has authorized spending shareholder money on lawsuits against suppliers, competitors and regulators, marketing plans to convince customers that non-compliant engines are actually compliant, accumulating non-core assets such as

14490-518: The two-speed rear axle on a commercial truck) that allowed for a quick downshift via hand lever, without using the clutch, to gain torque at the drive wheels. The popular TA attachment was seen upon most of the new 300 and 400 Farmalls that first appeared in 1955, and on the 350 and 450 produced 1956–1958, and on later models through the 1960s. Although the TA was appreciated on the Farmalls, IH also offered

14616-821: The use of the International brand name. The third-largest Class 8 manufacturer (behind Freightliner and the combined brands of Paccar), International held a 12.6% market share for 2022. The current International Truck product range ranges from medium-duty Class 4 to heavy-duty Class 8 payload ranges across a wide variety of applications. Produced by Navistar alongside Chevrolet Silverado C4500-6500 HD Revision for 2022 production Shares body with LT (without aerodynamic enhancements). First International truck of two-letter nomenclature and second-generation NGV cab. Replaced International 9000i as flagship International line. 2018 revision introduced modernized cab of International LT. Discontinued in 2024 Produced as both straight truck and semitractor configurations. International has

14742-560: The winning combination to market. The traits included (a) 'tricycle' configuration (a single front wheel or narrowly spaced pair), high ground clearance , quickly adjustable axle track , excellent visibility all around and under the machine, and light weight; (b) sufficient power for plowing and harrowing, and a belt pulley for belt work; and (c) all at low cost, with a familiar brand and an extensive distribution and service network. The first group of traits allowed for more nimble maneuvering and accurate cultivation than most other tractors of

14868-400: Was cultivating the rows of young row-crop plants to kill the weeds. IH recognized motorized cultivating as an unmet need in the marketplace. It was also under intense competitive pressure to build a "Fordson beater" soon, lest the Fordson go on to dominate the entire marketplace of agricultural equipment , imperfections or no. IH's first effort to solve this problem was a motor cultivator,

14994-414: Was a model name and later a brand name for tractors manufactured by International Harvester (IH), an American truck, tractor, and construction equipment company. The Farmall name was usually presented as McCormick-Deering Farmall and later McCormick Farmall in the evolving brand architecture of IH. Farmall was a prominent brand in the 20th-century trend toward the mechanization of agriculture in

15120-506: Was an all-electric van . Production began in March 2010 and first deliveries began two months later via its Workhorse Group division. The technology used in eStar was licensed to Navistar in 2009 in a joint venture with Modec and Navistar bought the intellectual property rights from the Modec's bankruptcy administrators in 2011. The introduction of the eStar was supported by a US$ 39.2 million U.S. Department of Energy stimulus grant under

15246-541: Was announced that Cummins would be buying out Navistar's equity in the venture. Navistar formed a joint venture with Mahindra & Mahindra to build heavy trucks in India under the "Mahindra International" brand, which has since been renamed Mahindra Navistar . These trucks were displayed at Auto Expo 2010 in Delhi, India. The joint venture ceased as Navistar exited the joint venture in 2013. Farmall Farmall

15372-535: Was expanded, remodeled and re-equipped. Selling for $ 545.00 in 1947, the Cub proved extremely popular, and the original design continued in production without significant alteration until 1979. The Letter series tractors were updated to the Super series beginning in 1947 with the Super A, 1951 for the Super C, 1952 for the Super M and 1953 for the Super H, the B model having been dropped from production and replaced with

15498-418: Was expected to retain or create 3,000 permanent jobs and about 400 construction jobs. Navistar President Dan Ustian said roughly 500 engineers would be hired immediately. Navistar aimed to invest $ 110 million in the Lisle campus, which would include product development. The state gave Navistar incentives of nearly $ 65 million, including tax credits. In 2011, Navistar announced the move to Lisle. "You can't build

15624-487: Was named Executive VP and CFO. In September 2013, Navistar announced it would cut 500 more jobs amid a larger than expected third-quarter loss. Navistar reported a slower than expected return to profitability due to large market share losses, declining sales, and weak market conditions. In May 2014, a third round of lay-offs in as many years occurred at the corporate headquarters as part of ongoing cost-cutting measures. On July 31, 2015, Navistar ceased operations and laid off

15750-509: Was sold to Dresser Industries ; Solar ( gas turbines ) Division to Caterpillar ; Cub Cadet was sold (lawn and garden equipment) to MTD Products . In 1983, the company entered into a supply agreement with Ford Motor Company, with the Engine Division supplying the 6.9L IDI diesel V8 for Ford full-size pickup trucks and vans; at the time, V8 diesels served as a fuel-efficient alternative to large-displacement gasoline V8 engines. With

15876-495: Was used through the 1970s. The only factory color variations known are Highway Yellow (generally used for municipalities ), Demonstrator White , used for dealer demo models during the 1950s, and Demonstrator Gold —actually a red-and-gold color scheme used only during the International Demonstrator program in 1970. Farmalls in other shades are known to exist; these were most likely custom ordered from

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