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121-466: Following years of declining market share, General Motors (in line with Ford Motor Company) sought to exit heavy-truck manufacturing. After struggling to enter joint ventures or sell the rights to its product line, the company ended production of the Kodiak and TopKick in 2009. The final medium-duty truck, a GMC TopKick 5500, rolled out of Flint Truck Assembly on July 31, 2009. For the 2019 model year, after

242-505: A 6-speed Allison 2350 automatic) with a New Process 273C transfer case. All GMT560 4×4s came with a 5.13:1 rear axle ratio. For 2007, GM introduced a heavier-duty 9000-lb spring and brake option package for the Dana 70HD front axle; rear axles (Dana S14-110L) were available in four sizes: 11,000 lb, 13,500 lb, 15,000 lb, and 19,000 lb (the latter two were options on two-wheel-drive configurations). For 2003, Isuzu released

363-603: A Brazilian engine manufacturer formerly associated with Deutz AG . MWM was sold to Tupy S.A. in 2022. In 1986, Navistar was formed from the engine division of the former International Harvester (alongside the truck division). In a continuation from its predecessor, International produced both gasoline and diesel-fueled engines for its medium-duty trucks and some heavy-duty trucks, offering second-party engines as an option. Class 8 trucks offered second-party diesel engines (from Caterpillar, Cummins, and Detroit Diesel). From International Harvester, International inherited production of

484-800: A Caterpillar 3126 inline-6 was introduced in 1997. The GMT530 was produced through the 2002 model for North America, with assembly for export markets continuing in Toluca, Mexico , through 2008. From 1995 to 2001, GMT530 was assembled in Brazil for Latin America, using components imported from Mexico; all Brazil-market vehicles were produced with Caterpillar 3116 engines. Brazil-market vehicles were badges according to their gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) in metric tons and rounded horsepower output (12-170 for 12 tons-170 hp, 14-190 for 14 tons-190 hp, and 16-220 for 16 tons-220 hp). In May 2021,

605-812: A Recreational Vehicle manufacturer, and a "gold-plated" corporate headquarters that cost over $ 100 million. The one thing this Board refused to spend money on was a back-up plan involving the industry standard technology Navistar now must rely on." In a September 2012 interview, Cummins CEO Tom Linebarger said, "all we did was act nice to them (Navistar) even when they didn't talk nicely about us," he smiled, recalling harsh comments that Navistar executives had made about SCR being used by all its competitors. In October 2012, Chief Product Officer Deepak Kapur stepped down, followed by Group Vice President of Product Development Ramin Younessi in December 2012. CIO Don Sharp also left

726-654: A chassis supplier since the 1920s, Navistar gained significant market share in school bus production, acquiring AmTran entirely in April 1995. In 1994, the IDI diesel was replaced by the all-new T444E diesel V8. Sharing only displacement with its predecessor, the T444E introduced direct injection and standard turbocharging; the engine marked the introduction of the PowerStroke diesel branding for Ford vehicles. In 1998, following

847-466: A class C1 licence. Anyone with a class C licence can drive class C1 vehicles. In the United States, three important GVWR limitations are 6,000, 8,500, and 26,000 pounds [lb] (2,722, 3,856, and 11,793 kg). Vehicles over 6,000 lb are restricted from some city roadways, although it is not always clear if this restriction is for actual curb weight or GVWR. Commercial vehicles over

968-479: A company whose history from the 1930s into the '60s included the popular Metro van . For a short time Workhorse offered an integrated chassis-body product called MetroStar. In Sept. of 2012, Navistar announced the shut down of Workhorse and the closure of the plant in Union City, Indiana, in order to cut costs. In March 2013, AMP Electric Vehicles took over Workhorse Custom Chassis, LLC's assets and began offering

1089-865: A conventional-cab truck, named the Isuzu H-Series. Intended largely for vocational use, the Isuzu H-Series was marketed as a competitor for the Hino 600 and Freightliner M2. Based on the Kodiak/TopKick C6500/C7500, the H-Series differed solely in its grille design, sharing the 7.8L Duramax inline-six with the C6500/7500 and the Chevrolet/GMC T6500/7500 (based on the Isuzu Forward ). As of current production,

1210-569: A cowled bus chassis. In 2002, AmTran was rebranded as IC (Integrated Coach) after a few months as International Truck and Bus. For 2004, Navistar reentered the consumer vehicle market for the first time since 1980, introducing the International XT (Extreme Truck) model family. Three pickup trucks were sold, including the CXT 4x4 (derived from the 7300), the RXT 4x2 (derived from the 4300) and

1331-518: A decline in demand for COE trucks in North America, the 9800 was discontinued and production moved to Brazil. After nearly a century of business in Chicago , Navistar announced its plans on 30 September 2000 to leave the city and relocate its corporate offices to west suburban Warrenville, Illinois . In 2000, the 5000/9000-series trucks (Paystar/Transtar) received their first redesign of

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1452-417: A diesel engine to market faster (and at far lower cost) than developing an engine from the ground up. In 1988, as International phased out the 6.9L engine, Ford received the 7.3L IDI diesel. During 1994 production, the IDI was replaced by the all-new T444E; to emphasize the introduction of direct injection fuel delivery, Ford began to brand International-sourced engines under the "PowerStroke" branding. As with

1573-633: A different class of licence is required. A vehicle with a GVM up to 4,500 kg is termed a light vehicle, while those over 4,500 kg are termed heavy vehicles. Many models of small trucks are manufactured to have a GVM rating of 5,000 to 7,000 kg (11,023 to 15,432 lb) but sold with the option of a GVM of just under 4,500 kg so that they can be driven on a car licence. Many minor roads, including some in rural areas and some in suburban areas, have GVM restrictions such as 5,000 kg or 8,000 kg. These restrictions may be applied for technical reasons such as load limited bridges, or as

1694-456: A diversified vehicle manufacturer across many industries. In addition to agriculture and construction, International offered a range of trucks from consumer-grade pickup trucks (Light Line) to heavy-duty commercial trucks along with the first sport-utility vehicles (the Travelall truck-based wagon and the offroad-oriented Scout ). Alongside its Farmall tractor brand, International introduced

1815-552: A factory-installed option on C4500/C5500 Kodiak/TopKicks. In a break from GM truck naming tradition, the models did not adopt the "K" nomenclature, becoming the C4500/5500 4×4 model line. In place of independent front suspension (used on the 3500-series pickup trucks), the GMT560 4×4s used a solid front axle suspension. Powered by a 6.6L Duramax V8, the 4×4 used a 5-speed Allison 2000 series transmission in 2005–2006 (replaced by

1936-535: A focus on quality, reducing the company's cost structure and paring back its product line. Navistar also sold several businesses that it deemed were not providing enough of a Return On Invested Capital (ROIC). Among them were their Monaco Coach Corporation Recreational Vehicle (RV) business as well as Workhorse Chassis . They also exited their joint venture with Mahindra and sold off their E-Z Pack unit, which made bodies for garbage trucks, as well as its Continental Mixer unit, which made concrete mixers, for prices

2057-550: A full charge took between 6 and 8 hours. By May 2010 the eStar had received U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and CARB certifications. The eStar also met all Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS). The first vans were delivered in May 2010 to FedEx Express for use in Los Angeles. Other customers included Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E), The Coca-Cola Company , and Canada Post . The eStar had

2178-538: A full tank of fuel, while not loaded with either passengers or cargo. The gross vehicle weight is larger and includes the maximum payload of passengers and cargo. This definition may differ from definitions used by governmental regulatory agencies or other organizations. For example, many European Union manufacturers include the weight of a 75-kilogram (165 lb) driver and luggage to follow European Directive 95/48/EC. Organizations may also define curb weight with fixed levels of fuel and other variables to equalize

2299-627: A joint venture between the two companies for development of a new Class 4/5 commercial vehicle was announced. In early 2017, Navistar's truck assembly plant in Springfield, Ohio, began production of cutaway van chassis variants of the GMT610 Chevrolet Express and GMC Savana. Further details around the Chevy Silverado 4500HD/5500HD/6500HD were announced by General Motors early in 2018, with Navistar also unveiling

2420-409: A long history in the school bus industry as a chassis provider, dating to when school buses first became motorized. In 1991, parent company Navistar expanded its presence in the segment as it acquired a stake in school bus body manufacturer AmTran , completing its purchase in 1995. Since 2002, IC Bus operates as the bus-manufacturing subsidiary of Navistar; though specializing in yellow school buses,

2541-470: A method of reducing the number of heavy vehicles on local roads. A standard car driving licence issued by an EU country (i.e. class B) limits the licence-holder to driving vehicles with a "maximum authorised mass" (i.e. GVWR) of 3,500 kg (7,700 lb). This includes holders of UK class B driving licences who passed their driving tests on or after 1 January 1997. A UK driving licence holder who passed his or her class B driving test in or before 1996

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2662-775: A new COO, CEO Troy Clarke split the COO duties among three other executives. General Motors Co. and Navistar have reached a long-term agreement to develop and assemble future medium-duty, conventional cab Class 4/5 commercial vehicles, allowing Navistar to strengthen its product lineup and GM to expand its Chevrolet commercial truck portfolio. The future trucks will be jointly developed using Navistar's expertise in rolling chassis configurations and manufacturing capabilities, and GM's commercial components and engines. The vehicles entered production in late 2018 and are manufactured at Navistar's facility in Springfield, Ohio. In September 2016, Navistar and Volkswagen Truck and Bus (now called Traton ),

2783-447: A new reorganization program, Menk and Lennox ensured that the company divested many of its historical business divisions. While some divisions were sold to stave off losses, other profitable divisions were also sold to generate much-needed revenue. The Construction Equipment Division was sold to Dresser Industries ; Solar ( gas turbines ) Division to Caterpillar ; Cub Cadet was sold (lawn and garden equipment) to MTD Products . In 1983,

2904-407: A poison pill defense. If the plan were triggered by an outside investor taking a stake of 15 percent or more in the company, then Navistar would issue its shareholders rights that would let them buy new common stock in the company at a discount of 50 percent: For each share held, the investor could buy $ 280 worth of new shares for $ 140. The investor who took the 15 percent stake or more would not have

3025-456: A price of US$ 150,000 . Navistar discontinued the eStar van in March 2013, as part of a corporate restructuring plan to focus on current profitability. In 2003, Navistar created Navistar Defense . While Navistar had manufactured vehicles for the military long into its existence as International Harvester, Navistar Defense would operate as a freestanding division within the company. Alongside

3146-428: A production Cadillac model line, instead wearing a body developed specifically for its use as a state car; externally, the vehicle used various components from several Cadillac model lines. In 2018, the second generation of "Cadillac One" limousines entered service, again using the medium-duty GMT560 diesel truck chassis. Differing from its predecessor primarily by its adoption of contemporary Cadillac design elements, it

3267-469: A range of electric vehicles . In 2015, AMP changed the company name to Workhorse Group Incorporated. In 2010, Navistar leadership revived an effort to relocate the company headquarters from Warrenville, IL, to nearby Lisle, IL. The new headquarters was expected to retain or create 3,000 permanent jobs and about 400 construction jobs. Navistar President Dan Ustian said roughly 500 engineers would be hired immediately. Navistar aimed to invest $ 110 million in

3388-697: A redesigned turbocharger; the DT530 was replaced by the DT570 (sized between the Caterpillar C9 and the Cummins ISL). In place of using Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) to treat engine emissions, International adopted Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR), a configuration used with success in automobiles with gasoline engines. For 2007 emissions compliance, International launched the "MaxxForce" branding for its diesel engines. The VT engine family consisted of

3509-513: A set-back front axle (to allow for a longer, sloped hood); the classic-style 9300 (the previous Transtar) continued. In 1991, the final remnant of International in the automotive segment was sold off, as the Scout and Light Truck parts business was sold to Scout/Light Line Distributors, Inc. The same year, Navistar became the parent company of a school bus manufacturer as it purchased one-third of American Transportation Corporation ( AmTran ). Serving as

3630-622: A ten-year hiatus, General Motors re-entered the conventional medium-duty truck segment. Developed in a joint venture with Navistar International , the Chevrolet Silverado 4500/5500/6500HD is a Class 4–6 vehicle. Slightly smaller than the Kodiak/TopKick, the 4500/5500/6500HD is marketed exclusively as a Chevrolet (with no GMC counterpart). For 1981, General Motors introduced the Chevrolet Kodiak and GMC TopKick as

3751-528: A third-quarter net loss of $ 2 million, or $ 0.02 per diluted share, compared to a third-quarter 2013 net loss of $ 247 million, or $ 3.06 per diluted share. It was also in September that CEO Troy Clarke announced that the company's biggest divestitures were complete, and that the focus would now be on regaining lost market share. On November 6, 2014, leadership changes continued at Navistar, with Executive VP and COO Jack Allen retiring immediately. Rather than hire

Chevrolet Kodiak - Misplaced Pages Continue

3872-403: A trailer with a Gross Trailer Weight over 10,000 lb (4,536 kg) where the combined weight ratings of the vehicle and trailer are greater than 26,000 lbs. Laws vary from state to state, but typically vehicles over 10,000 lb are required to stop at weigh stations . Sometimes large passenger or non-commercial vehicles such as RVs are exempt from this. Additionally, many states use

3993-474: A variant of the medium-duty C/K trucks. A Class 7 truck, the Kodiak was developed to use the Caterpillar 3208 V8 diesel (sourced from the larger Chevrolet Bruin/GMC Brigadier ). To accommodate the larger engine (which used a larger radiator), the cab was mounted several inches higher, meaning a higher hoodline which required repositioning the headlamps between the grille and bumper. Meanwhile, the hood length

4114-570: A vehicle is rated to tow by the manufacturer. In the United States and Canada, the static tongue load, the weight of the trailer as measured at the trailer coupling, is generally recommended to be 10–15% of the GTWR. In the United States and Canada, there are four main weight classes of trailer hitches as defined by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE): The gross combined weight rating or gross combination weight rating (GCWR), also referred to as

4235-449: Is a measurement of wheeled motor vehicles; either an actual measured weight of the vehicle under defined conditions or a gross weight rating for its weight carrying capacity. Curb weight (American English) or kerb weight (British English) is the total mass of a vehicle with standard equipment and all necessary operating consumables such as motor oil , transmission oil, brake fluid , coolant , air conditioning refrigerant, and sometimes

4356-551: Is again not derived from a specific model line. Navistar International International Motors, LLC (formerly Navistar International Corporation ) is an American holding company created in 1986. The successor to the International Harvester manufacturing company, International produces trucks and diesel engines under its own brand; the company produces buses under the IC Bus name. Since July 2021,

4477-463: Is also nicknamed "The Beast". Corresponding to its operation by the Secret Service, many details about the vehicle are classified. While its chassis specifications were never officially revealed by Cadillac or the Secret Service, during its development, the vehicle was seen in testing alongside GMT560 GMC TopKicks. In place of previous limousines, the highly armored vehicle was not based upon

4598-643: Is changing the market position of GMC, shifting it away from commercial fleet sales and focusing toward its premium Denali model lines. In another break from tradition, the Kodiak name was retired, as the Silverado name was expanded to nearly the entire Chevrolet truck range, with the exception of the Colorado mid-size pickup, the Express van, and the Low Cab Forward (Isuzu Elf/NPR). Sharing its cab with

4719-443: Is limited to driving vehicles with a GVWR of 7,500 kg (16,500 lb) or less, including minibuses not used for hire or reward. Anyone looking to drive a heavy goods vehicle (i.e. any vehicle other than those used for passenger transport) with a GVWR of over 7,500 kg (16,500 lb) must obtain a class C licence. Anyone looking to drive any vehicle with a GVWR of up to 3,500–7,500 kg (7,700–16,500 lb) must obtain

4840-469: Is no standardized way to test the dry weight of a motorcycle. Inconsistencies will almost always be found between a motorcycle manufacturer's published dry weight and motorcycle press and media outlet's published dry weight. This is due to different testing techniques, differences in what is being excluded, and a lack of defining how testing was conducted by the organization doing the testing. The gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR), or gross vehicle mass (GVM),

4961-679: Is owned by Cerberus Capital Management . The merger of McCormick Harvesting Machine Company and the Deering Harvester Company in 1902 resulted in the formation of the International Harvester Company (IH) of Chicago, Illinois . In 1908, International introduced the International Harvester Auto Wagon , a forerunner of the pickup truck . Over the next three-quarters of the 20th century, the company evolved to become

Chevrolet Kodiak - Misplaced Pages Continue

5082-477: Is significantly less than the weight of a vehicle in a drivable condition and therefore rarely used. Quoting a dry weight can make a car's weight and power-to-weight figures appear far more favorable than those of rival cars using curb weight . The difference between dry weight and curb weight depends on many variables such as the capacity of the fuel tank. There is no standard for dry weight, so it's open to interpretations. Some vehicle manufacturers have used

5203-445: Is the maximum operating weight/mass of a vehicle as specified by the manufacturer including the vehicle's chassis, body, engine, engine fluids, fuel, accessories, driver, passengers and cargo but excluding that of any trailers . The weight of a vehicle is influenced by passengers, cargo, even fuel level, so a number of terms are used to express the weight of a vehicle in a designated state. Gross combined weight rating (GCWR) refers to

5324-467: The Cub Cadet brand of lawn and garden tractors and power equipment for home use. In the early to mid 1980s, International Harvester fell on hard times during the poor agricultural economy of the times; the company had never recovered from a 172-day strike during 1979–1980 . New chairman and CEO Louis W. Menk hired a new team of management for International, including CEO Donald Lennox, and as part of

5445-706: The MaxxPro MRAP and the MXT-MV , Navistar Defense has developed military variants of the 5000 and 7000 severe-service trucks (today, the HX and HV-Series on-road). Navistar entered into an agreement to purchase General Motors' medium duty truck unit in 2007, but because of changing market conditions the purchase ultimately did not occur, and production of the Chevrolet Kodiak and GMC TopKick were discontinued in 2009 as GM entered bankruptcy protection . In 2015,

5566-483: The fourth power of the axle weight. This means that doubling the axle weight will increase road damage (2x2x2x2)=16 times. For this reason, trucks with a high axle weight are heavily taxed in most countries. Examples of GAWR on common axles: In the EU and U.S. legal maximum load restrictions are placed on weight, independent of the manufacturer's rating. In the EU a tractor can generally have 10 tonnes (22,000 lb) on

5687-418: The 1983 model year as an engine-supply agreement, the relationship evolved into a $ 400 million yearly business, culminating into joint production of entire vehicle lines. Following the end of the diesel-engine supply agreement after the 2010 model year, Ford and Navistar ended collaborative production of medium-duty commercial trucks after the 2014 model year In the mid-2000s, Ford supplied pickup bodies for

5808-466: The 1988-design interior was retained through the entire production run. In 1991, a raised-roof cab became optional (a feature distinct to GMT530 trucks). For 1997, a lower-profile "aerodynamic" hood became available (not offered on C8500 models, severe-service, or school bus applications). Models equipped with this hood featured C5500–C8500 badging rather than Kodiak/TopKick badging, a change which extended to standard hood models for 1998, effectively bringing

5929-478: The 2008 model year. In 2005, Navistar purchased the Workhorse Custom Chassis, LLC (started in 1998 by investors who took over production and sales of General Motors' popular P-series Stepvan chassis when GM dropped it), a manufacturer of step-van and motor home chassis, to seemingly re-enter the delivery van market. It appeared that the new subsidiary might also benefit by its association with

6050-408: The 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act . The eStar had a 5,100 lb (2,300 kg) payload capacity available with a 14- or 16-foot cargo box. The vehicle was powered by a 70 kW 102 hp electric motor powered by an 80 kWhr lithium-ion battery pack supplied by A123 Systems , and also used regenerative braking . The electric van had a range of 100 mi (160 km), and

6171-654: The 4.5-liter MaxxForce 5 V6 and the 6.4-liter MaxxForce 7 V8 (replacing the VT365). The DT466 became the MaxxForceDT, with the DT and HT570 becoming the MaxxForce 9 and 10, respectively. For its Class 8 trucks, the company introduced "large-bore" engines for the first time, introducing the 10.5L MaxxForce 11 and the 12.4L MaxxForce 13. After the 2010 model year, Ford ended its engine supply agreement with International, continuing

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6292-628: The 6.4L engine would not properly fit in the vehicle, the E-Series continued use of the 6.0L diesel. After the 2010 model year, Ford ended the use of International-supplied diesel engines. From 2011 onward, the Super Duty was fitted with diesel engines developed by Ford; the E-Series shifted production exclusively to gasoline-based engines. Today, Ford continues the use of the PowerStroke branding, using it for multiple diesel engines produced by

6413-639: The 8,500 lb threshold are required to have insurance under the Motor Carrier Act of 1980 and 49 CFR 387.303 . Vehicles or combinations with a GVWR over 26,000 lb (11,793 kg) generally require a Commercial Driver License (CDL) or a Non-Commercial Class "A" or "B" license. A CDL is also required for certain vehicles under 26,000 lb GVWR, such as buses and for-hire passenger vehicles of 16 or more passengers, all vehicles transporting placarded hazardous materials or wastes regardless of weight or load class, and any vehicle towing

6534-565: The C4500 was a 4x4 like the larger International CXT. A conversion of the commercial GMC TopKick called the Ultimate Class IV TopKick Pickup crew cab pickup truck was developed by General Motors and Monroe Truck Equipment (MTE). This special version featured an 8.5-foot (2.6 m) steel dually pickup box and tailgate with custom composite side panels and protective Rhino interior lining. This vehicle served as

6655-615: The DT inline-6 engine family was expanded to a second engine, as the DT360 was introduced (competing directly against the Cummins 6BT ). During 1994 production, the IDI V8 was replaced by the direct-injection T444E V8, sharing little more than its displacement with its predecessor; the T444E became the first Ford PowerStroke engine. While the DT360 was withdrawn (largely replaced by the T444E),

6776-667: The DT466 (now the DT466E) was joined by the larger DT530E (competing primarily against the Cummins C8.3 ). For the 2000s, International began developing engines to comply with updated emissions standards for commercial vehicles. During 2003, the T444E was discontinued and replaced the VT engine family , introduced by the VT365 V8. For 2004, the DT engines received modernized fuel injection and

6897-763: The Ford F-650 and F-750 Super Duty were produced with different bodywork and powertrains than the International 4200/4300. In 2006, Blue Diamond released the Ford LCF/International CF , the first model line developed under the joint venture. To create the low-cab COE, the frame (sourced from the Ford F-450/F-550 Super Duty) was mated with the cab of the Mazda Titan (converted to left-hand drive). The LCF received

7018-733: The GMC TopKick was a military slang term (following GMC Brigadier and GMC General ). Following Chevrolet's retirement from the Class 8 truck segment after 1981, the Class 7 Kodiak became the largest truck offered by Chevrolet, while the TopKick remained slotted below the Brigadier. For 1990, the second generation of the Kodiak/TopKick were introduced, shifting to the GMT530 architecture. The new chassis consolidated all GM medium-duty trucks under

7139-456: The GMT560 architecture. As General Motors felt the two names had better marketplace recognition, the medium-duty truck line was released under the previous Kodiak/TopKick nameplates, with Cx500 as a secondary part of the nomenclature. Showcased as part of the redesign was a change in the design layout of the Kodiak/TopKick. To better compete with the better-selling International DuraStar and Freightliner Business Class M2 medium-duty truck ranges,

7260-490: The GMT560 trucks switched to a vertically oriented cab configuration to allow for a lower cab floor, increased cab space, and better entry and exit. Derived from the Chevrolet Express/GMC Savana full-size van, the cab was produced in two-door and four-door configurations (as the commercial trucks had a GVWR of over 14,000 pounds, they were not equipped with airbags). During its production, the GMT560

7381-680: The GVWR for registration purposes, where over a certain weight such as 8,000 lb, a mill rate is applied to the GVWR to arrive at a registration fee. . On vehicles designed for the North American market, the GVWR can be found alongside other vehicle technical specifications on the Vehicle ID Plate that is usually located on the interior of the B-pillar according to U.S. or Canadian Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (inside

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7502-579: The H-Series is the first (and only) conventional-cab truck sold by Isuzu. In December 2007, GM announced its intention to sell its medium-duty truck business, including the Kodiak and TopKick, to Navistar International. In August 2008, both GM and Navistar announced that their memorandum of understanding for the purchase had expired and was not renewed. After four years of working with multiple potential buyers, including an anticipated five-year deal with Isuzu Motors announced late in January 2009 to take over

7623-680: The IDI, the T444E/PowerStroke was used in F-Series/E-Series trucks and vans. During 2003 production, the Ford Super Duty line and the E-Series adopted the VT365, replacing the T444E. For 2008, the MaxxForce 7 was introduced for the Super Duty pickups as a PowerStroke engine; in place of a variable-geometry turbocharger (used by International trucks), Ford versions of the engine were fitted with compound turbochargers. As

7744-425: The International XT line. As a result of the gas crises of the 1970s, the implementation of Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE), was applied to light trucks alongside automobiles. In response, large-block gasoline V8 engines (such as the Ford 460 ) were withdrawn from production from pickup trucks and full-size vans. For the 1983 model year, Ford entered into a supply agreement with International Harvester to use

7865-419: The International-branded variant of the truck, the CV series , shortly thereafter. Production started in late 2018. The truck serves as a successor to the previously discontinued Chevrolet Kodiak and International TerraStar , competing against the Ford Super Duty F-450/F-550/F-600 and Ram Chassis Cab . From the 1980s to the 2010s, Navistar had a close relationship with Ford Motor Company . Commencing for

7986-448: The K2XX-generation Silverado, the medium-duty Silverado was designed with a dedicated chassis with a forward-tilting hood; both 4×2 and 4×4 configurations are produced. As of current production, the model line is offered with a 350 hp 6.6L Duramax turbodiesel V8; the engine is paired with a choice of Allison automatic transmissions, depending upon the truck's intended usage. Following in the tradition of its medium-duty C/K predecessor,

8107-407: The Kodiak/TopKick model family, with the upper end of the C/K series limited to "1-ton" trucks. Following the exit of GM from the Class 8 truck segment (and the discontinuation of the GMC General, Astro, and Brigadier), the model line was now the largest vehicle produced by the company. In line with the previous generation, while designed with its own heavier-duty chassis, the cab of GMT530 trucks

8228-946: The Lisle campus, which would include product development. The state gave Navistar incentives of nearly $ 65 million, including tax credits. In 2011, Navistar announced the move to Lisle. "You can't build a campus like this anywhere for anywhere near the price we paid for this, and even though you might get more incentives, when you look at the whole picture, you really can't beat it," said Don Sharp, Navistar vice president. In 2011, Navistar began phasing out its Truck Development and Technology Center (TDTC) in Fort Wayne, Indiana. In December 2011, Navistar laid off 130 employees, mostly engineers and designers who were United Auto Workers members. In total, 300 out of 1,400 Fort Wayne employees eventually accepted offers to relocate to Illinois. The other 1,100 workers either retired or chose to remain in Indiana and find work elsewhere. The only Navistar employees remaining after December 2012 were 20-25 people manning

8349-479: The MXT 4x4 (a MXT-MV redeveloped for street-legal use). The CXT and RXT are (by far) the largest vehicles ever sold for consumer sale; to date, the former is the tallest ever mass-produced and the latter is the longest pickup truck ever mass-produced. Following the 2006 introduction of the International ProStar long-haul tractor (replacing the aerodynamic 9400i), International began to retire its previous "Thousand-Series" nomenclature for NGV-based trucks. In 2008,

8470-449: The PHEV school bus, Navistar will examine a range of hybrid architectures and evaluate advanced energy storage devices, with the goal of developing a vehicle with a 40-mile (64 km) range. Travel beyond the range will be facilitated by a clean diesel engine capable of running on renewable fuels. The DOE funding will cover up to half of the project's cost and will be provided over three years, subject to annual appropriations . The eStar

8591-447: The PowerStroke range under its own designs. The MaxxForce 7 and DT engines were updated with twin turbochargers to improve emissions compliance. Following several years of difficulty reliably matching 2007 and 2010 emissions compliance, International chose to end diesel engine production following the 2015 model year, replacing the MaxxForce 7 and MaxxForceDT with the Cummins ISB6.7 and ISL9, respectively. In 2017, International reentered

8712-545: The SV-series gasoline V8, IDI diesel V8, DV-series diesel V8, and DT466 inline-6. After 1986, the production of gasoline engines ended, shifting to diesel-powered engines entirely. During the 1980s, Navistar began an expansion of its engine families. For 1986, a 7.3L version of the IDI was introduced; the engine supplanted the long-running DV-series V8 by the end of 1988; the same year, it became an option in Ford trucks. For 1987,

8833-499: The Silverado 4500HD, 5500HD, and 6500HD (for Classes 4, 5, and 6, respectively). In the joint venture, the trucks are assembled by Navistar in its Springfield, Ohio, facility; Navistar also markets the model line as the International CV. In a shift from previous generations of GM commercial trucks, the Silverado 4500HD/5500HD/6500HD is sold with no GMC counterpart. Alongside with its dual branding by Navistar, General Motors

8954-543: The Thousand-Series trucks received an aerodynamic hood with faired in headlamps and turn signals; a body-color grille replaced chrome trim. Navistar also transitioned from manufacturing both gasoline and diesel powered vehicles to exclusively selling and making diesel vehicles after 1986. In 1990, International introduced the 9400, an aerodynamic Class 8 truck derived from the Transtar/Paystar cab, using

9075-484: The Traton Group. As part of the acquisition, the company was renamed Navistar, Inc from Navistar International Corporation. On July 15, 2020, Navistar established a developmental production partnership with TuSimple, an autonomous trucking technology company, to manufacture Level-4 autonomous semi-trucks. The production is said to start in 2024 Although with non-disclosure of the total investment amount from both

9196-491: The alternate mode for the character Ironhide in the first three Transformers films. Since 2009, the United States Presidential State Car has become labeled "Cadillac One" (in line with Air Force One and Marine One ). As a result of its massive size – though officially classified information , it is estimated to weigh between 15,000 and 20,000 pounds (6,800 and 9,100 kg) – it

9317-466: The cab since 1971, becoming the 5000i/9000i; the cab was enlarged (adding larger windows, moving the firewall forward). In 2001, International introduced the "NGV" trucks (Next Generation Vehicles); the first model family developed under the founding of Navistar, NGV was intended as the successor of the Thousand-Series trucks (though using a nearly identical nomenclature). The S-Series lasted in production through 2003 for severe-service trucks and 2004 as

9438-472: The capacity of the radiator , and the ability of the chassis to withstand that torque. The gross axle weight rating (GAWR) is the maximum distributed weight that may be supported by an axle of a road vehicle. Typically, GAWR is followed by either the letters FR or RR, which indicate front or rear axles respectively. Road damage rises steeply with axle weight, and is estimated "as a rule of thumb... for reasonably strong pavement surfaces" to be proportional to

9559-570: The company also produces vehicles for commercial use. The IC Bus name stands for Integrated Coach, denoting how vehicles are designed and assembled nearly completely under a single corporate structure. The entire IC product line is derived from medium-duty International vehicles, using a body design designed within the company. Commercial-use bus Commercial-use bus (Final variant of International S-Series remaining in production) Produced by IC Bus for bodywork by second-party manufacturers In 2005, Navistar purchased MWM International Motores ,

9680-899: The company characterized as "not material." In January 2014, Forbes reported several key challenges facing Navistar, which include declining military sales, a pension plan underfunded by $ 2.7 billion, two self-disclosed weaknesses in accounting practices and a new collective bargaining agreement for the company's 6,000 full and part-time workers who are represented by labor unions. In February 2014, Navistar announced it would move some engine production operations from Huntsville, Alabama, to Melrose Park, Illinois by summer 2014. The move eliminated 280 jobs in Alabama and saved an estimated $ 22 million. Navistar said it would keep two other diesel engine plants operating in Huntsville. In September 2014, Navistar reported its best quarter in years. It announced

9801-556: The company entered into a supply agreement with Ford Motor Company, with the Engine Division supplying the 6.9L IDI diesel V8 for Ford full-size pickup trucks and vans; at the time, V8 diesels served as a fuel-efficient alternative to large-displacement gasoline V8 engines. With the 6.9L and its successor V8 engines, the supply agreement lasted through 2010. At the beginning of 1985, the Agricultural Division

9922-623: The company has operated as an independent subsidiary of Traton , which is the heavy-vehicle operations arm of the Volkswagen Group . International is headquartered in Lisle, Illinois and has its own executive leadership team. The company has 13,000 employees worldwide as of 2019. International operates through a network of nearly 1,000 dealer outlets in the United States, Canada, Brazil, and Mexico and more than 60 dealers in 90 countries. Navistar Defense LLC operates independently and

10043-465: The company in April 2013. August 2012 featured a Voluntary Separation Program (VSP) as well as involuntary layoffs. This was due to the failed engine strategy, rising warranty costs and declines in commercial and military sales. The company let go 500 employees and in September 2012, announced plans to lay off 200 more salaried employees. In addition, the company announced it would close its Garland, Texas manufacturing facility by mid-2013, resulting in

10164-461: The company's test track on Oxford Street. In late July 2015, the TDTC closed and the remaining workers were let go. In June 2012, speculation mounted about a possible takeover of the struggling truck maker. This came as hedge fund MHR Fund Management LLC disclosed a 13.6% stake in the company, slightly higher than billionaire activist investor Carl Icahn's 11.9% stake. As a result, Navistar adopted

10285-476: The company. In September 2001, Navistar announced a joint venture with Ford, named Blue Diamond Truck Co. LLC. A 50/50 agreement between the two companies, Blue Diamond was intended to develop and manufacture vehicles and powertrains for both companies using the International facility in General Escobedo , Mexico. In 2004, Blue Diamond Truck launched production. While sharing a common frame,

10406-849: The diesel engine production segment, launching the A26 12.4L inline-6. Largely serving as a company-produced successor to the MaxxForce 13, the A26 was developed from the MAN D26 engine. In 2022, Navistar introduced the International S13 engine. Unlike the A26, the S13 engine operates on low revolutions and higher torque equating to fewer fuel injections and less fuel consumption. This engine uses selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology, something that has never been used in Navistar's older engines. The U.S. Department of Energy announced in 2009

10527-427: The driver's door, near the door latch). Most U.S. and Australian commercial trucks are required by licensing authorities to have this information printed on the outside of the vehicle, and for it to be clearly visible from a specified distance. The gross trailer weight rating (GTWR) is the total mass of a road trailer that is loaded to capacity, including the weight of the trailer itself, plus fluids and cargo, that

10648-467: The final GMT530-based vehicle built at the Janesville plant was put up for auction. The 2002 GMC C8500 tandem-axle dump truck, built on June 26, 2002, was owned and operated by the city of Janesville for nearly 20 years prior to the sale. The vehicle bore the signatures of numerous former employees of the plant. For 2003, General Motors released the third-generation Chevrolet Kodiak/GMC TopKick under

10769-736: The first engine developed by Blue Diamond Truck, a 4.5L V6 (a 6-cylinder version of the 6.0L V8). In 2015, the Blue Diamond Truck venture was dissolved by Ford. International retained production at General Escobedo, with Ford shifting medium-duty truck production to its facility in Avon Lake, Ohio. On 16 September 2010, Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Co., Ltd. (JAC) announced joint ventures with NC2 Global and Navistar International Corporation that will develop, build, and market heavy duty trucks and diesel engines in China. In May 2018, it

10890-817: The first five years. In March 2017 it was announced that Volkswagen Truck & Bus's 16.6% equity investment in Navistar became effective from February 28, 2017, with Volkswagen Truck & Bus executives Andreas Renschler and Matthias Gründler joining the Navistar Board of Directors. On January 30, 2020, Traton announced a proposal to purchase all outstanding shares in Navistar. In April 2021, Navistar International Corp. and Traton SE's pending merger transaction began its review process with Brazil's Administrative Council for Economic Defense, or CADE, with market surveys being distributed to 35 companies. On July 1, 2021, Traton successfully completed its takeover of all shares in Navistar, and therefore Navistar became part of

11011-424: The gross combination mass (GCM), gross train weight (GTW), is the maximum allowable combined mass of a road vehicle, the passengers and cargo in the tow vehicle, plus the mass of the trailer and cargo in the trailer. This rating is set by the vehicle manufacturer. The GCWR is a function of the torque output of the engine, the capacity and ratios of the transmission , the capacity of the driving axles and tires ,

11132-414: The later Freightliner FS65) for an additional price. The pairing of manufacturer and chassis supplier would become common through the 1990s in school bus manufacturing, but after 2002, General Motors would become unable to remain a chassis supplier. The Kodiak/TopKick school bus chassis is also notable for being one of the last full-size school bus chassis powered by a gasoline engine. A special Kodiak C4500

11253-436: The loss of 900 jobs. In March 2013, Navistar announced that interim CEO Lewis Campbell would step down and COO Troy Clarke would be named CEO and chairman of the board. Jack Allen was named COO. In June 2013, CFO A.J. Cederoth stepped down and James M. Moran, Navistar senior vice president, and treasurer, would act as interim CFO until a successor could be found. In late June 2013, former General Motors executive Walter Borst

11374-709: The medium-duty 4000 became the DuraStar with the 7000 severe-service trucks becoming the WorkStar. The 8000 regional-haul tractors revived the TranStar name; the LoneStar flagship long-haul tractor had no predecessor. Using the previous-generation i-series cab, the Paystar 5000 and the 9000i (pared down to the 9900i) In response to low market demand, International ended sales of all three XT pickup truck lines after

11495-452: The medium-duty trucks in line with the rest of the C/K naming convention. In a break from the single engine offering of the first-generation Kodiak/TopKick, the GMT530 series offered multiple engine options. Gasoline engines were offered as standard equipment, with diesel engines now offered as an option. Carried over from the previous generation medium-duty C/K trucks, the standard gasoline engine

11616-409: The model specification. On C4500/C5500s, an 8.1-liter V8 was carried over from the previous generation, with a 6.6-liter Duramax V8 diesel replacing the Caterpillar 3116. Diesel engines were standard on C6500s and up, with Isuzu's 7.8-liter Duramax LG4 inline-six as standard, with a 7.2-liter Caterpillar C7 (a redesigned Caterpillar 3126) offered as an option. In 2005, GM added four-wheel drive as

11737-457: The newly introduced IDI diesel V8 for 3 ⁄ 4 and 1-ton F-Series pickups and E-Series vans. While roughly matching the output of the discontinued 400 cubic-inch V8 (the engine that it replaced alongside a reintroduced 460), the 6.9L diesel offered fuel economy closer to the standard 4.9L inline-6. While originally developed for the S1700 medium-duty truck, the engine supply agreement brought

11858-572: The parent company of International Truck and Engine Corporation (the previous Truck and Engine Division), with an orange-red diamond logo replacing the IH "tractor" logo. In 1987, International introduced the 8300, marking a second generation of the International S series . Designated as the "Thousand Series" by the marketplace, the 8300 was joined by additional Class 7/8 tractors and by the 4000-series medium-duty trucks in 1989. To upgrade fuel economy,

11979-575: The parties, Navistar has taken a minority stake in TuSimple. On September 25, 2024, Navistar announced its plan to rebrand and change its name to International Motors, LLC , with the change taking effect from October 1 that year. At the same time, the company debuted a new logo and distinct visual identity. In 1986, after International Harvester transitioned to Navistar International, the Truck and Engine Division (essentially all that remained) continued

12100-621: The previous generation, the GMT560 chassis was produced in Class 5–7 configurations, in C4500, C5500, C6500, and C7500 models. Effectively a successor to the GMC Brigadier, a tandem-axle C8500 Class 8 model was introduced (with up to a 46,000-lb GVWR); meanwhile, the C4500 model served as the successor to the GMT400-based C3500HD . On the GMT560 Kodiak/TopKick, the powertrain configuration was derived from

12221-654: The production line in Flint, Michigan , General Motors decided to wind down its medium-duty truck operations. Production of the Chevy Kodiak and GMC TopKick medium duty trucks in Flint ceased on July 31, 2009. At the 2018 Work Truck Show in Indianapolis, Indiana, General Motors launched a new line of medium-duty trucks for the 2019 model year. Developed in a joint venture with Navistar International , Chevrolet launched

12342-741: The remaining 15 employees at the Truck Development and Technology Center (TDTC) in Fort Wayne , Indiana. In November 2015 and December 2015, several hundred Navistar employees voluntarily left the Corporate HQ office in Lisle, IL, as part of another Voluntary Separation Package (VSP). As part of the turnaround plan, Navistar executives cut costs aggressively. They cut SG&A costs by 16% in 2013 and cut product development spending by 24%. Interim CEO Lewis Campbell's priorities included

12463-526: The right to buy additional shares. In August 2012, Navistar announced it would use Cummins engines and SCR technology. After 37 years with the company, Dan Ustian retired immediately in August 2012 and left his position on the board as well. Former Textron CEO Lewis Campbell was named interim CEO and Troy Clarke was promoted to chief operating officer. Ustian's severance package began at $ 7.9 million. The company's proxy statement during this time estimated

12584-485: The second-generation Kodiak/TopKick was utilized by General Motors to supply the school bus industry throughout its production run. In an unusual move at the time, starting in 1992, GM offered the Kodiak/TopKick solely to a single body manufacturer, Blue Bird Corporation from 1992 to 2002. While the GM chassis was not offered to other manufacturers, Blue Bird offered other available combinations (Ford B700, International 3800, and

12705-531: The selection of Navistar Corporation for a cost-shared award of up to US$ 10 million to develop, test, and deploy plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) school buses . The project aims to deploy 60 vehicles for a three-year period in school bus fleets across the nation. The vehicles will be capable of running in either electric-only or hybrid modes that can be recharged from standard electrical outlets. Because electricity will be their primary fuel, they will consume less petroleum than standard vehicles. To develop

12826-399: The subsidiary of the Volkswagen Group that controls European heavy truck makers MAN and Scania , announced their intent to pursue a strategic technology collaboration and to establish a procurement joint venture. Volkswagen Truck & Bus would take a 16.6% stake in Navistar, in return for an investment of $ 256 million. Navistar expected to realize cumulative synergies of $ 500 million over

12947-445: The term shipping weight , which refers to the vehicle in as-built, no-option condition. This would include engine oil, coolant, brake fluid and at least some small quantity of fuel, as vehicles have traditionally been driven off the assembly line and these fluids were necessary to do so. The dry weight of a motorcycle excludes some or all of the following: gasoline (or other fuel), engine oil, coolant, brake fluid, or battery . There

13068-401: The total mass of a vehicle including all trailers. GVWR and GCWR are used to specify weight limitations and restrictions. Gross trailer weight rating specifies the maximum weight of a trailer and the gross axle weight rating specifies the maximum weight on any particular axle. A car driver licence is limited to driving vehicles up to a maximum GVM of 4,500 kg (9,921 lb). Beyond this,

13189-596: The total package to be $ 14.6 million, contingent on a share price of $ 42.07 on Oct. 31, 2011, the end of the company's fiscal year. On September 9, 2012, billionaire and key stock holder Carl Icahn sent an open letter to Navistar's board, blasting them for "abysmal business decisions" and "poor corporate governance." Icahn noted from 2009 to 2012, that "this Board has authorized spending shareholder money on lawsuits against suppliers, competitors and regulators, marketing plans to convince customers that non-compliant engines are actually compliant, accumulating non-core assets such as

13310-821: The use of the International brand name. The third-largest Class 8 manufacturer (behind Freightliner and the combined brands of Paccar), International held a 12.6% market share for 2022. The current International Truck product range ranges from medium-duty Class 4 to heavy-duty Class 8 payload ranges across a wide variety of applications. Produced by Navistar alongside Chevrolet Silverado C4500-6500 HD Revision for 2022 production Shares body with LT (without aerodynamic enhancements). First International truck of two-letter nomenclature and second-generation NGV cab. Replaced International 9000i as flagship International line. 2018 revision introduced modernized cab of International LT. Discontinued in 2024 Produced as both straight truck and semitractor configurations. International has

13431-419: The value for the comparison of different vehicles. The EU-directive actually defines Mass in running order, not curb-weight. Mass in running order is without the 75kg driver mentioned above. Definition of mass in running order stated in the directive. The United States Environmental Protection Agency regulations define curb weight as follows: Curb weight means the actual or the manufacturer's estimated weight of

13552-421: The vehicle in operational status with all standard equipment, and weight of fuel at nominal tank capacity, and the weight of optional equipment computed in accordance with §86.1832–01; incomplete light-duty trucks shall have the curb weight specified by the manufacturer. For a motorcycle, wet weight is the equivalent term. Dry weight is the weight of a vehicle without any consumables, passengers, or cargo. It

13673-438: Was a 6.0L V8 with a 7.0L V8 being optional; both engines gained fuel injection. For 1999, the 6.0L and 7.0L engines were dropped, making the 7.4L V8 the standard engine; for 2001, the engine was replaced by a larger 8.1L Vortec V8 (the largest-displacement V8 ever offered in a mass-produced Chevrolet). Replacing the Caterpillar 3208 V8, the GMT530 offered a 165 hp Caterpillar 3116 inline-6 (170 hp from 1991). As an optional engine,

13794-747: Was acquired by Tenneco , the parent company of company rival Case Corporation ; the IHC name and its logo were assets of the Agricultural Division, consequently part of the sale. Tenneco created the merged Case IH (as both brands currently remain). Following the sale to Tenneco, all that remained of the company were the International Truck and Engine Divisions. In response to the sale of its own brand and logo, International Harvester reintroduced itself on February 20, 1986, as Navistar International Corporation (combining "Navi-" of Navigation and "Star" from multiple truck lines). Navistar International became

13915-506: Was an all-electric van . Production began in March 2010 and first deliveries began two months later via its Workhorse Group division. The technology used in eStar was licensed to Navistar in 2009 in a joint venture with Modec and Navistar bought the intellectual property rights from the Modec's bankruptcy administrators in 2011. The introduction of the eStar was supported by a US$ 39.2 million U.S. Department of Energy stimulus grant under

14036-571: Was announced that Cummins would be buying out Navistar's equity in the venture. Navistar formed a joint venture with Mahindra & Mahindra to build heavy trucks in India under the "Mahindra International" brand, which has since been renamed Mahindra Navistar . These trucks were displayed at Auto Expo 2010 in Delhi, India. The joint venture ceased as Navistar exited the joint venture in 2013. Gross vehicle weight rating Vehicle weight

14157-578: Was derived from the GMT400 C/K pickup (introduced in 1988) to lower the costs of tooling. As before, two-door and four-door configurations were offered. Initially, Kodiak models were available in base and Silverado trim and TopKick models were available in SL and SLE trim, but all trim levels were phased out for 1994. Over its thirteen-year production run, the GMT530 platform underwent relatively few changes; as airbags were not required in medium-duty trucks,

14278-511: Was introduced at the 2006 Chicago Auto Show . Aimed at the International RXT (also introduced there), pricing was set at $ 70,000. The two shared a number of similarities, such as the options included in their premium packages (a powerful audio system and DVD-based navigation system ). In comparison, the C4500 had higher power (300 hp versus 230 hp) while the RXT had a higher towing capacity at 22,500 lb (10,200 kg);

14399-487: Was named Executive VP and CFO. In September 2013, Navistar announced it would cut 500 more jobs amid a larger than expected third-quarter loss. Navistar reported a slower than expected return to profitability due to large market share losses, declining sales, and weak market conditions. In May 2014, a third round of lay-offs in as many years occurred at the corporate headquarters as part of ongoing cost-cutting measures. On July 31, 2015, Navistar ceased operations and laid off

14520-456: Was produced with few changes. C4500 and C5500 models utilized a separate hood design from the C6500 and heavier-duty models. A "Deluxe Front Appearance Package" was available on all models, featuring a chrome-trimmed mesh grille, a chrome bumper, and, on C4500 and C5500 models, chrome-trimmed quad headlights. The mesh grille without chrome was available as a separate option as well. Carried over from

14641-684: Was shortened, reducing the BBC length from 98 to 92 inches. In line with the Bruin/Brigadier, the Kodiak was offered with both single and tandem-axle drive configurations; both straight truck and semitractor configurations were produced. Officially designated as the Chevrolet C70 (or GMC C7000), the Kodiak name followed the Chevrolet "frontier beast" naming tradition for its heavy conventionals ( Chevrolet Bison and Chevrolet Bruin ) while

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