80-531: Mmamabula is a planned coal mine and coal-fired power station to the east of the main road and rail corridor in Botswana between Gaborone and Francistown and south of the Serorome River . The power station would be near to the village of Mmaphashalala . It is about 130 kilometres (81 mi) north of the capital city of Gaborone. The Mmamabula coalfield is considered to be a western extension of
160-417: A "unit train" may be 2 km long, containing 130-140 cars with around 100 tonnes of coal in each one, for a total load of over 10,000 tonnes. A large plant under full load requires at least one coal delivery this size every day. Plants may get as many as three to five trains a day, especially in "peak season" during the hottest summer or coldest winter months (depending on local climate) when power consumption
240-590: A 1,500 km new railway and US $ 1.1 billion for a coal terminal and new port facility in either Lüderitz or Walvis Bay . CIC Energy continued to search for a partner or purchaser. In March 2012 the Dutch energy trader Vitol Energy took a 9.1% equity stake in CIC Energy, injecting much-needed operational cash. With CIC's license coming up for renewal, the Ministry of Minerals, Energy and Water Resources put up
320-596: A National Flag Day. Jindal is the Chairman of Jindal Steel and Power Limited (formerly known as Jindal Strips Limited) which was a moderately performing enterprise when Jindal first took over its Raigarh and Raipur operations in 1993. Today, JSPL operates an iron manufacturing plant in Raigarh, Chhattisgarh, and plants in Jharkhand and Odisha . The company has set up captive power plants using waste products from
400-549: A chartered accountant seeking to turn approver. CBI had alleged that ex-Jharkhand Chief Minister Madhu Koda, also accused in the case, had favoured Jindal group firms — Jindal Steel and Power Ltd (JSPL) and Gagan Sponge Iron Private Ltd (GSIPL) — in allocation of Amarkonda Murgadangal coal block in Jharkhand. Electoral Bonds Controversy : Jindal Group companies, including Jindal Steel and Power Ltd and Jindal Stainless Ltd, purchased electoral bonds worth ₹195.5 crore and were among
480-629: A coal mine and a 300 MW power plant. It would also develop coal exports from the field, possibly via rail to Mozambique. The deal was conditional on approval by the Minister of Minerals, Energy and Water Resources. In February 2008, David Wheeler of the Center for Global Development published a paper analyzing the carbon dioxide emissions from the Mmamabula power plant, which the World Bank
560-819: A contract with Shanghai Electric as contractor for engineering, procurement and construction of the Mmamabula Energy Project (MEP), with commercial operations expected to start four years after financing had been arranged. The same month CIC Energy submitted bids to Eskom of South Africa and Botswana Power Corporation to supply electricity. South Africa had a target date to gazette their Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) by September 2010. This would lay out South Africa's strategy for meeting new energy needs from 2013 onward, assumed to include new government-owned facilities and contracts with private suppliers such as CIC Energy. South Africa said they could not commit to any Power Purchasing Agreement (PPA) with CIC before
640-599: A landmark legal case which affirmed that all Indians had the right to fly the National Flag on all days of the year. Jindal's struggle for the tricolour began in early 1992 when he hoisted a tricolour at his factory in Raigarh. The then Commissioner of Bilaspur objected to it on the ground that as per the Flag Code of India, a private citizen was not permitted to fly the Indian flag except on certain days. Jindal filed
720-602: A loss-making company to making a PAT of Rs7,500 crore is a big story." Jindal founded the O.P. Jindal Global University (OPJGU or JGU) in 2009, in memory of his father, Mr. O.P. Jindal. Jindal is also the Founder and Patron of the OP Jindal University, Chhattisgarh. It started as an engineering college in 2008 and in a span of 4years, OPJU became India’s first and only private university to offer courses in steelmaking, metallurgy and management. The University
800-633: A margin of 130,000 votes. He was re-elected in the 2009 general elections. His focus as an MP has been on the problems of corruption, over-population, women's empowerment, environment, health and education. Jindal moved a private member bill in Lok Sabha for a comprehensive Food and Nutrition Security Scheme that paved the way for the Food Security Act. He lost the 2014 Lok Sabha election from Kurukshetra. Parliamentary responsibilities & initiatives After resigning from primary membership of
880-530: A petition before the High Court arguing that no law could forbid Indian citizens from flying the national flag and, furthermore, the Flag Code of India was only a set of executive instructions from the Government of India and therefore not law. While he went out to court against the objections of the government officials, he did not remove the flag and kept it flying at the factory. The High Court allowed
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#1732797681307960-505: A proposed takeover of CIC Energy by Jindal Steel and Power . Jindal requires large supplies of coal for its Indian steel plants. Jindal Steel and Power, chaired by Naveen Jindal , is also a subsidiary of the Jindal Group. In September 2012 it was announced that Jindal Steel and Power was completing a $ 116 million purchase of CIC Energy, acquiring its rights in the coalfield. Jindal said it planned to invest up to $ 700 million to develop
1040-578: A quality suitable for export, for local power generation and for coal gasification. Deposits were roughly 360 million tonnes in the Central block, 643 million tonnes in the Western block, and 1,392 million tonnes in the Eastern block. The South block, which lies on both sides of the road and rail corridor, is estimated to hold another 311 million tonnes of coal. The planned Serorome coal mine would be in
1120-703: A silver medal in the South Asian Federation Games , April 2004, in Pakistan . He has also represented the country in the Asian games held in Busan , South Korea in 2002. In 2003, he set a National record in skeet shooting which stays unmatched till today. He was also a part of the Haryana shooting team that won the gold medal at the 54th National shooting Championship competition (Big Bore) in
1200-532: A substantial reduction in coal-related activities. Studies, including finance-based accounting of coal emissions, have revealed a misalignment of coal financing with climate objectives. Major nations, such as China, Japan, and the U.S., have extended financial support to overseas coal power infrastructure. The largest backers are Chinese banks under the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). This support has led to significant long-term climate and financial risks and harms
1280-481: A thermal power station burning other fuel types, coal specific fuel processing and ash disposal is required. For units over about 200 MW capacity, redundancy of key components is provided by installing duplicates of the forced and induced draft fans, air preheaters, and fly ash collectors. On some units of about 60 MW, two boilers per unit may instead be provided. The hundred largest coal power stations range in size from 3,000 MW to 6,700 MW. Coal
1360-472: A tough time with debt levels going to 50,000 crore rupees. The company went from the second-highest wealth creator with a share price of Rs 700 to a debt-ridden one with its share price tumbling down to Rs 62. The company however scripted a turnaround and came back green. In 2022 March, its share price jumped to Rs 530. Business India magazine wrote: "JSPL has placed a singular focus on sweating its assets, improving capacity utilisations and deleveraging. From
1440-428: A type of thermal power station , a coal-fired power station converts chemical energy stored in coal successively into thermal energy , mechanical energy and, finally, electrical energy . The coal is usually pulverized and then burned in a pulverized coal-fired boiler . The heat from the burning pulverized coal converts boiler water to steam , which is then used to spin turbines that turn generators . Compared to
1520-469: Is a thermal power station which burns coal to generate electricity . Worldwide there are about 2,500 coal-fired power stations, on average capable of generating a gigawatt each. They generate about a third of the world's electricity , but cause many illnesses and the most early deaths per unit of energy produced, mainly from air pollution . World installed capacity doubled from 2000 to 2023 and increased 2% in 2023. A coal-fired power station
1600-413: Is a coal power generation technology that uses a high pressure gasifier to turn coal (or other carbon based fuels) into pressurized gas—synthesis gas ( syngas ). Converting the coal to gas enables the use of a combined cycle generator , typically achieving high efficiency. The IGCC process can also enable removal of some pollutants from the syngas prior to the power generation cycle. However, the technology
1680-408: Is a growing call for stricter policies regarding overseas coal financing. Countries, including Japan and the U.S., have faced criticism for permitting the financing of certain coal projects. Strengthening the policies, potentially by banning public financing of coal projects entirely, would enhance their climate efforts and credibility. In addition, Enhanced transparency in disclosing financing details
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#17327976813071760-530: Is a type of fossil fuel power station . The coal is usually pulverized and then burned in a pulverized coal-fired boiler . The furnace heat converts boiler water to steam , which is then used to spin turbines that turn generators . Thus chemical energy stored in coal is converted successively into thermal energy , mechanical energy and, finally, electrical energy . Coal-fired power stations emit about 12 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide each year, about one fifth of world greenhouse gas emissions , so are
1840-482: Is abundantly available. JSPL's coal gas-based steel tech became a case study at Harvard University. Recently Union steel minister Ram Chandra Prasad Singh inaugurated Jindal Steel's 1.4 MTPA TMT rebar mill at its integrated complex in Odisha's Angul district. Jindal Steel is expanding its Angul Plant capacity from 6 MTPA to 12MTPA and the company will achieve an overall 15 MTPA steelmaking capacity by 2025. In 2014,
1920-402: Is among the few coal-dependent fast developing countries that fully pledged to phase out unbated coal power by the 2040s or as soon as possible thereafter. Ammonia has a high hydrogen density and is easy to handle. It can be used as storing carbon-free fuel in gas turbine power generation and help significantly reduce CO₂ emissions as a fuel. In Japan, the first major four-year test project
2000-456: Is captured and removed from the flue gas by electrostatic precipitators or fabric bag filters (or sometimes both) located at the outlet of the furnace and before the induced draft fan. The fly ash is periodically removed from the collection hoppers below the precipitators or bag filters. Generally, the fly ash is pneumatically transported to storage silos and stored on site in ash ponds , or transported by trucks or railroad cars to landfills . At
2080-427: Is costly compared with conventional coal-fired power stations. As coal is mainly carbon , coal-fired power stations have a high carbon intensity . On average, coal power stations emit far more greenhouse gas per unit electricity generated compared with other energy sources (see also life-cycle greenhouse-gas emissions of energy sources ). In 2018 coal burnt to generate electricity emitted over 10 Gt CO 2 of
2160-982: Is crucial for evaluating their environmental impacts. In India capacity factors are below 60%. In 2020 coal-fired power stations in the United States had an overall capacity factor of 40%; that is, they operated at a little less than half of their cumulative nameplate capacity. If global warming is limited to well below 2 °C as specified in the Paris Agreement , coal plant stranded assets of over US$ 500 billion are forecast by 2050, mostly in China. In 2020 think tank Carbon Tracker estimated that 39% of coal-fired plants were already more expensive than new renewables and storage and that 73% would be by 2025. As of 2020 about half of China's coal power companies are losing money and old and small power plants "have no hope of making profits". As of 2021 India
2240-399: Is high. Modern unloaders use rotary dump devices, which eliminate problems with coal freezing in bottom dump cars. The unloader includes a train positioner arm that pulls the entire train to position each car over a coal hopper. The dumper clamps an individual car against a platform that swivels the car upside down to dump the coal. Swiveling couplers enable the entire operation to occur while
2320-601: Is keeping potential stranded assets operating by subsidizing them. Naveen Jindal Naveen Jindal (born 9 March 1970) is an Indian industrialist, philanthropist, politician, sportsperson and the Member of Parliament of Kurukshetra constituency in Haryana . He is the youngest son of Late Om Prakash Jindal , also an industrialist-politician who was associated with the Indian National Congress . He
2400-949: Is often due to burning low quality coal, such as lignite , in plants lacking modern flue gas treatment. Early deaths due to air pollution have been estimated at 200 per GW-year, however they may be higher around power plants where scrubbers are not used or lower if they are far from cities. Evidence indicates that exposure to sulfur, sulfates, or PM 2.5 from coal emissions may be associated with higher relative morbidity or mortality risk than that to other PM 2.5 constituents or PM 2.5 from other sources per unit concentration. Pollutants such as heavy metals leaching into ground water from unlined coal ash storage ponds or landfills pollute water, possibly for decades or centuries. Pollutant discharges from ash ponds to rivers (or other surface water bodies) typically include arsenic , lead, mercury , selenium , chromium , and cadmium . Mercury emissions from coal-fired power plants can fall back onto
2480-476: Is prepared for use by crushing the rough coal to pieces less than 5 cm (2 in) in size. The coal is then transported from the storage yard to in-plant storage silos by conveyor belts at rates up to 4,000 tonnes per hour. In plants that burn pulverized coal, silos feed coal to pulverizers (coal mills) that take the larger 5 cm pieces, grind them to the consistency of talcum powder , sort them, and mix them with primary combustion air, which transports
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2560-556: The INC on 24 March 2024, he joined the BJP . He ran as a BJP candidate in the 2024 Indian General Election . Coal Scam Allegations : Naveen Jindal faced allegations of involvement in the coal allocation scam in India, alongside ex-Minister of State for Coal Dasari Narayan Rao and others. The CBI filed a final report in further probe directed by a special court, citing certain disclosures made by
2640-603: The Lok Sabha from Haryana's Kurukshetra constituency in 1996 and won. He served as a minister in the Government of Haryana until he died in a helicopter crash in 2005, aged 74. After his death, her wife Savitri Jindal joined politics and contested the Haryana Legislative Assembly elections from Hisar in 2005 and 2009 from the ticket of the Indian National Congress and won both terms. She
2720-748: The Mercury and Air Toxics Standards (MATS) regulation, by effluent guidelines for water pollution , and by solid waste regulations under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). Coal-fired power stations continue to pollute in lightly regulated countries; such as the Western Balkans , India, Russia and South Africa; causing over a hundred thousand early deaths each year. Damage to health from particulates , sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide occurs mainly in Asia and
2800-664: The University of Texas at Dallas in 1992. There he served first as Student Government vice president, then president, at the same time earning the Student Leader of the Year Award. His father was born into a farming family in Haryana's Hisar district , and became the founder of the steel and power conglomerate, the O.P. Jindal Group. Om Prakash Jindal contested elections to the Haryana Legislative Assembly and won thrice in 1991, 2000 and 2005 and contested elections to
2880-597: The Waterberg Coalfield in the Ellisras Basin in South Africa, to the east, which contains about 40% of South Africa's coal resources. CIC Energy of Canada owned two prospecting licences in the coal field and conducted extensive exploratory drilling between 2005 and 2012. The portions of the coalfield for which CIC Energy held licences are estimated to have 2.4 billion tonnes of thermal coal of
2960-568: The 34 Gt total from fuel combustion (the overall total greenhouse gas emissions for 2018 was 55 Gt CO 2 e ). From 2015 to 2020, although coal generation hardly fell in absolute terms, some of its market share was taken by wind and solar. In 2020 only China increased coal power generation, and globally it fell by 4%. However, in 2021, China declared that it limited coal generation until 2025 and subsequently phase it out over time. The UN Secretary General has said that OECD countries should stop generating electricity from coal by 2030 and
3040-678: The Bhopal Pataudi Cup. He was declared the Most Valuable Player at the finals of Maharaja Jiwaji Rao Scindia Gold Cup 2019. “I was always very fond of horses. When we moved to Delhi, I joined the President’s Estate Polo Club just to ride. I saw people playing polo and was fascinated by it. I started playing and got hooked," he said in an interview with Mint. Naveen Jindal is an accomplished skeet shooter. The Indian Shooting Team, under his captaincy, won
3120-664: The Central Block, supplying 4.7 million metric sales tonnes annually for at least thirty years to the planned 1,200 MW Mmamabula power station. Open cast mining would be used for 30% of the area, and underground bord and pillar mining for the remainder. Water from the Dikgatlhong Dam , completed in 2012, was expected to supply the coalfield and power station via the North-South Carrier pipeline. In March 2009, CIC Energy announced that it had signed
3200-674: The Civil Appeal No. 2920 of 1996 arising out of SLP No. 1888 of 1996 filed by the Union of India against the judgment and order dates 22 September 1995 of Delhi High Court and held that flying the national flag was a symbol of expression that came within the right to freedom of expression under Article 19(1)(a) of the Constitution. Jindal has been strongly advocating to mark 23 January as the "National Flag Day". While India observes Armed Forces Flag Day on 7 December, it does not have
3280-530: The Covid-19 pandemic, India witnessed a tragic and emergency situation as hospitals ran short of the sudden demand for liquid medical oxygen. With death looming all around, there was despair. The Indian steel industry came forward and decided to halt production and divert their stock of liquid medical oxygen to hospitals. He was also felicitated with AsiaOne Super 50 COVID-19 Commitment Award 2020-21. Jindal's involvement in politics began in his student days. He
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3360-586: The Emblems and Names (Prevention of Improper Use) Act 1950 or the Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act 1971. The Union of India filed an appeal against this decision to the Supreme Court on the basis that whether citizens were free to fly the national flag was a policy decision, and could not be subject to court interference. Supreme Court was pleased to grant leave and stay the operation of
3440-640: The Global Coal to Clean Power pledge. However, intricate challenges remain, particularly in developing countries such as Indonesia and Vietnam. There are 4 main types of coal-fired power station in increasing order of efficiency are: subcritical, supercritical , ultra-supercritical and cogeneration (also called combined heat and power or CHP). Subcritical is the least efficient type, however recent innovations have allowed retrofits to older subcritical plants to meet or even exceed efficiency of supercritical plants. Integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC)
3520-519: The IRP was approved. The delay would affect Botswana, which needed a portion of the plant's output to meet projected demand. The IRP was eventually completed in May 2011. It did not include any window for purchase of power from Mmamabula before 2019, and then the amounts purchased would be less than 1200 MW. CIC Energy was forced to put the project on hold after investing over C$ 100 million. Early in 2011 it
3600-657: The Mmamabula South and Central blocks for tender in June 2012. These blocks held about 670 million tonnes of coal. Bids would be evaluated in part on how quickly the bidder would be able to start exploiting the coal field. However, in August 2012 the government decided to renew CIC's retention licence for the central block, with about 361 million tonnes of coal. A week later the Competition Authority approved
3680-503: The Supreme Court of India in a surprise move cancelled the coal blocks allocated to Indian steel and Power companies that had been allocated through successive Governments at the Centre. Jindal's company too was affected as its coal blocks got cancelled and it has to pay the arbitrary retrospective levy. This led to a scenario where most of the private steel and power companies in India became Non Performing Assets. Jindal's company JSPL saw
3760-496: The U.S. alone, such particulates, known as PM 2.5 (particulates with a diameter of 2.5 μm or less), caused at least 460,000 excess deaths over two decades. In some countries pollution is somewhat controlled by best available techniques , for example those in the EU through its Industrial Emissions Directive . In the United States, coal-fired plants are governed at the national level by several air pollution regulations, including
3840-529: The bottom of the furnace, there is a hopper for collection of bottom ash . This hopper is kept filled with water to quench the ash and clinkers falling down from the furnace. Arrangements are included to crush the clinkers and convey the crushed clinkers and bottom ash to on-site ash ponds, or off-site to landfills. Ash extractors are used to discharge ash from municipal solid waste–fired boilers. A well-designed energy policy , energy law and electricity market are critical for flexibility. Although technically
3920-421: The cars are still coupled together. Unloading a unit train takes about three hours. Shorter trains may use railcars with an "air-dump", which relies on air pressure from the engine plus a "hot shoe" on each car. This "hot shoe" when it comes into contact with a "hot rail" at the unloading trestle, shoots an electric charge through the air dump apparatus and causes the doors on the bottom of the car to open, dumping
4000-641: The coal on a traveling grate or the cyclone burners, a specific kind of combustor that can efficiently burn larger pieces of fuel. Plants designed for lignite (brown coal) are used in locations as varied as Germany, Victoria, Australia , and North Dakota . Lignite is a much younger form of coal than black coal. It has a lower energy density than black coal and requires a much larger furnace for equivalent heat output. Such coals may contain up to 70% water and ash , yielding lower furnace temperatures and requiring larger induced-draft fans. The firing systems also differ from black coal and typically draw hot gas from
4080-469: The coal through the opening in the trestle. Unloading one of these trains takes anywhere from an hour to an hour and a half. Older unloaders may still use manually operated bottom-dump rail cars and a "shaker" attached to dump the coal. A collier (cargo ship carrying coal) may hold 41,000 tonnes (40,000 long tons) of coal and takes several days to unload. Some colliers carry their own conveying equipment to unload their own bunkers; others depend on equipment at
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#17327976813074160-406: The coal to the boiler furnace and preheats the coal in order to drive off excess moisture content. A 500 MW e plant may have six such pulverizers, five of which can supply coal to the furnace at 250 tonnes per hour under full load. In plants that do not burn pulverized coal, the larger 5 cm pieces may be directly fed into the silos which then feed either mechanical distributors that drop
4240-543: The collapse of fish and invertebrate populations. As of 2018 local pollution in China, which has by far the most coal-fired power stations, is forecast to be reduced further in the 2020s and 2030s, especially if small and low efficiency plants are retired early. Coal power plants tend to serve as base load technology, as they have high availability factors, and are relatively difficult and expensive to ramp up and down. As such, they perform poorly in real-time energy markets , where they are unable to respond to changes in
4320-438: The cost of generation, but there is the risk newer plants may become stranded assets . The UN Secretary General has said that OECD countries should stop generating electricity from coal by 2030, and the rest of the world by 2040. The first coal-fired power stations were built in the late 19th century and used reciprocating engines to generate direct current . Steam turbines allowed much larger plants to be built in
4400-446: The early 20th century and alternating current was used to serve wider areas. Coal is delivered by highway truck, rail , barge , collier ship or coal slurry pipeline . Generating stations are sometimes built next to a mine; especially one mining coal, such as lignite , which is not valuable enough to transport long-distance; so may receive coal by conveyor belt or massive diesel-electric -drive trucks . A large coal train called
4480-402: The flexibility of some coal-fired power stations could be improved they are less able to provide dispatchable generation than most gas-fired power plants . The most important flexibility is low minimum load; however, some flexibility improvements may be more expensive than renewable energy with batteries . As of 2020 two-thirds of coal burned is to generate electricity. In 2020 coal was
4560-445: The furnace-exit level and mix it with the incoming coal in fan-type mills that inject the pulverized coal and hot gas mixture into the boiler. The ash is often stored in ash ponds . Although the use of ash ponds in combination with air pollution controls (such as wet scrubbers ) decreases the amount of airborne pollutants, the structures pose serious health risks for the surrounding environment. Power utility companies have often built
4640-407: The global energy landscape and its environmental and climate impacts have made it a subject of concern. The misalignment of coal financing with international climate objectives, particularly the Paris Agreement , has garnered attention. The Paris Agreement aims to restrict global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius and ideally limit it to 1.5 degrees Celsius. Achieving these goals necessitates
4720-523: The impugned judgment. The flag continued to fly as Jindal's lawyer said "it would not be contempt of court since the judgement had only been stayed". The matter then came up for hearing before the Supreme Court which observed that prima facie they see no reason why citizens cannot express patriotism by displaying the national flag. The court also observed that restrictions on flying of the national flag only on certain days by private citizens seemed unsustainable. The Supreme Court on 23 January 2004 dismissed
4800-402: The land and water in rain, and then be converted into methylmercury by bacteria. Through biomagnification , this mercury can then reach dangerously high levels in fish. More than half of atmospheric mercury comes from coal-fired power plants. Coal-fired power plants also emit sulfur dioxide and nitrogen . These emissions lead to acid rain , which can restructure food webs and lead to
4880-564: The largest source of electricity at 34%. Over half coal generation in 2020 was in China. About 60% of electricity in China, India and Indonesia is from coal. In 2020 worldwide 2,059 GW of coal power was operational, 50 GW was commissioned, and 25 GW started construction (most of these three in China); and 38 GW retired (mostly USA and EU). In 2023, global coal power capacity increased to 2,130 GW, driven by China adding 47.4 GW. At COP26 2021, countries have joined
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#17327976813074960-454: The locational marginal price. In the United States, this has been especially true in light of the advent of cheap natural gas, which can serve as a fuel in dispatchable power plants that substitute the role of baseload on the grid. In 2020 the coal industry was subsidized $ US18 billion. Coal financing is the financial support provided for coal-related projects, encompassing coal mining and coal-fired power stations. Its role in shaping
5040-618: The objectives of reducing CO2 emissions set by the Paris Agreement, of which China, the United States and Japan are signatories. A substantial portion of the associated CO 2 emissions is anticipated to occur after 2019. Coal financing poses challenges to the global decarbonization of the power generation sector. As renewable energy technologies become cost-competitive, the economic viability of coal projects diminishes, making past fossil fuel investments less attractive. To address these concerns and align with climate goals, there
5120-479: The petition and held the Flag Code of India was not a valid restriction on the right to freedom of expression under Article 19 of the Indian Constitution. The High Court observed that, according to Article 19(2), the only valid limitations on this right were those that were contained in the statute. In cases concerning the regulation of the flying of the national flag, such limitations could be found in
5200-573: The plant. For transporting coal in calmer waters, such as rivers and lakes, flat-bottomed barges are often used. Barges are usually unpowered and must be moved by tugboats or towboats . For start up or auxiliary purposes, the plant may use fuel oil as well. Fuel oil can be delivered to plants by pipeline , tanker , tank car or truck. Oil is stored in vertical cylindrical steel tanks with capacities as high as 14,000 cubic metres (90,000 bbl). The heavier no. 5 "bunker" and no. 6 fuels are typically steam-heated before pumping in cold climates. As
5280-491: The ponds without liners , especially in the United States, and therefore chemicals in the ash can leach into groundwater and surface waters. Since the 1990s, power utilities in the U.S. have designed many of their new plants with dry ash handling systems. The dry ash is disposed in landfills, which typically include liners and groundwater monitoring systems. Dry ash may also be recycled into products such as concrete, structural fills for road construction and grout. Fly ash
5360-441: The rest of the world by 2040, otherwise limiting global warming to 1.5 °C, a target of the Paris Agreement , would be extremely difficult. A 2024 analysis by The Economist concluded that financing phase-out would be cheaper than carbon offsets . However phasing out in Asia can be a financial challenge as plants there are relatively young: in China the co-benefits of closing a plant vary greatly depending on its location. Vietnam
5440-487: The single largest cause of climate change . More than half of all the coal-fired electricity in the world is generated in China. In 2020 the total number of plants started falling as they are being retired in Europe and America although still being built in Asia, almost all in China. Some remain profitable because costs to other people due to the health and environmental impact of the coal industry are not priced into
5520-615: The sponge iron making process to generate power. He has been ranked amongst Asia’s 25 Hottest People in Business by the Fortune Asia magazine for turning a struggling steel company into an Asian blue-chip giant. He has also been ranked as India’s Best CEO by Business Today based on a BT-INSEAD-HBR study of top value creators for the period 1995 to 2011. JSPL has been rated the Second Highest Value Creator in
5600-678: The top 50 donors, according to the data by the Election Commission of India. Naveen Jindal is an active Polo player. He is the Captain and Patron of the Jindal Panther Polo Team. He started playing Polo 3 decades ago at the age of 18. He started his own team in 1995 that has won various tournaments including the Indian Open, Indian Masters, Maharaja Hari Singh Memorial Cup, Maharaja Jiwaji Rao Scindia Cup and
5680-504: The world by the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) of USA. Naveen Jindal set up the world's first coal-gasification based steelmaking plant at Angul, Odisha that uses the locally available high-ash coal and turns it into synthesis gas for steel making thus reducing the dependence on imported coke-rich coal. Jindal believes that coal gasification technology has immense potential for countries like India, where non-coking coal
5760-512: Was appointed as a minister in the Government of Haryana . She is the Chairperson Emeritus of Jindal Stainless Limited . Naveen is married to Shallu Jindal. The couple has two children, a son and a daughter. Naveen has eight siblings, including Prithviraj Jindal, Sajjan Jindal and Ratan Jindal. Prithviraj Jindal is the Chairman (Non Executive) of Jindal SAW Ltd. Sajjan Jindal is the Chairman of JSW Group. Naveen Jindal won
5840-520: Was awarded the ‘Best Private University in Chhattisgarh’ at The Progress Global Awards 2020. Jindal completed his MBA from the School of Management, the University of Texas at Dallas . In 2011, Jindal made a very substantial donation to the same institution, and as a result of which, the School of Management was renamed "Naveen Jindal School of Management" the same year. During the second wave of
5920-452: Was being considered in China in 2020, but this is very expensive, reduces the energy output and for some plants is not technically feasible. Coal burning power plants kill many thousands of people every year with their emissions of particulates , microscopic air pollutants that enter human lungs and other human organs and induce a variety of adverse medical conditions, including asthma , heart disease , low birth weight and cancers . In
6000-529: Was born in Hisar, Haryana , on 9 March 1970. He was the youngest of the four sons of the late industrialist-philanthropist-politician Om Prakash Jindal and Savitri Jindal . Both of them were ministers in the Government of Haryana . Jindal studied at Campus School, CCS HAU and Delhi Public School before graduating in Commerce from Hans Raj College , Delhi University in 1990. He completed his MBA at
6080-552: Was elected to the Lok Sabha , lower house of the Parliament of India , from the Kurukshetra constituency in the 2024 Indian general election for a 3rd term . Previously, he represented the constituency in the 14th and 15th Lok Sabha as well between 2004–2014. As an industrialist, he currently serves as the Chairman of Jindal Steel and Power Limited and Chancellor of the O. P. Jindal Global University . Jindal
6160-534: Was proposing to help fund. He compared the cost of power to "clean" solar thermal power, and found that a charge of about $ 35 per ton of carbon dioxide would make the solar alternative economical. He recommended grants from the Bank's Clean Technology Fund for such projects as an alternative to loans for further coal generation that ignored the environmental costs. Citations Sources Coal-fired power station A coal-fired power station or coal power plant
6240-611: Was reported that JSW Energy of India would take over Mmamabula. This took place in 2012. JSW Energy is a subsidiary of the Jindal Group , chaired by Sajjan Jindal . Later there was speculation that the Chinese would be in the market for the asset. However, lack of high-capacity access to port facilities would be a drawback in exporting coal. A pre-feasibility study for building infrastructure to export 10 million tonnes of coal yearly via Namibia gave estimates of US$ 2.5 billion for
6320-521: Was started in June 2021 to develop technology to enable co-firing a significant amount of ammonia at a large-scale commercial coal-fired plant. However low-carbon hydrogen and ammonia is in demand for sustainable shipping , which unlike electricity generation, has few other clean options. Some power stations are being converted to burn gas, biomass or waste, and conversion to thermal storage will be trialled in 2023. Retrofitting some existing coal-fired power stations with carbon capture and storage
6400-702: Was the President of the Student Government and recipient of the Student Leader of the Year Award at the University of Texas at Dallas , USA. After completing his post-graduation in the US, Jindal returned to India and began managing his father's political affairs. In 2004 he stood for elections from the Kurukshetra constituency in the north Indian state of Haryana on an Indian National Congress ticket. He defeated his nearest rival Abhay Singh Chautala by
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