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50-604: The Forest encompasses some 1,067,043 acres (4,318.17 km). Forest headquarters are located in Sandy, Oregon . A 1993 Forest Service study estimated that the extent of old growth in the Forest was 345,300 acres (139,700 ha). The Forest is divided into four separate districts – Barlow (with offices in Dufur ), Clackamas River ( Sandy ), Hood River ( Mount Hood-Parkdale ), and Zigzag ( Zigzag ). In descending order of land area,

100-604: A warm-summer Mediterranean climate , abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps. As of the census of 2010, there were 9,570 people, 3,567 households, and 2,486 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,047.8 inhabitants per square mile (1,176.8/km ). There were 3,768 housing units at an average density of 1,200.0 per square mile (463.3/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 90.0% White , 0.4% African American , 1.3% Native American , 1.2% Asian , 0.2% Pacific Islander , 3.4% from other races , and 3.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9.2% of

150-432: A German immigrant and businessman, came to Sandy in 1876; his son, Paul Meinig, served as the city's second mayor from 1912 to 1918. A significant part of Sandy's economy in the late 19th and early 20th centuries was logging and sawmill operations which utilized the abundance of forests surrounding the city. In October 1913, the city experienced a major fire which destroyed numerous buildings and businesses, including

200-518: A homestead and trading post . Around 1873, the Revenues built the city's first hotel. Initially known as Revenue (after the Revenue family), in the late 19th century the settlement took its namesake of Sandy from the nearby Sandy River , which itself had taken its name from Meriwether Lewis and William Clark during their 1805 expedition , who at that time named it the "Quicksand River" due to

250-521: A restaurant, livery stable, and saloon, all located on the south side of the Main Street (contemporarily Proctor Boulevard). A concrete replacement of the restaurant and saloon was subsequently erected, marking the first concrete building in the city. The Clackamas County Bank was established in Sandy in 1916. As of 2018 , the bank remains the oldest community bank in the state of Oregon. In 1919,

300-479: A year prior to the 19th Amendment , the city elected two women to its government: Blanche Shelley was elected mayor, along with Edna Esson to city council. Both women were also active business leaders in the city. In 1923, the city completed construction of the Pioneer Building, a brick structure that served as Sandy Union High School , for $ 30,000. Prior to this, a small two-story schoolhouse served as

350-764: Is 84,400 cubic feet per second (2,390 m /s), and the minimum is 45 cubic feet per second (1.3 m /s). Archeological evidence suggests that Native Americans lived along the lower Columbia River as early as 10,000 years ago. The area near what later became The Dalles , on the Columbia east of the mouth of the Sandy River, eventually became an important trading center. The Indians established villages on floodplains and traveled seasonally to gather huckleberries and other food on upland meadows, to fish for salmon, and to hunt elk and deer. Although no direct evidence exists that these lower-Columbia Indians traveled up

400-469: Is on the right and Troutdale on the left at about 3 miles (5 km) from the mouth, where Beaver Creek enters from the left. Shortly thereafter, the river passes under Interstate 84 and flows by Portland-Troutdale Airport , which is on the left about 2 miles (3.2 km) from the mouth. The Sandy River then joins the Columbia River about 120 miles (190 km) from where the larger river enters

450-535: Is the community's weekly newspaper, and is the official newspaper of record for the city's legal notices. As of 2015, the City Government offers gigabit fiber-optic internet to all of its residents for $ 60 per month and 300 mbps internet for $ 40 per month. Sandy River (Oregon) The Sandy River is a 56-mile (90 km) tributary of the Columbia River in northwestern Oregon in

500-449: Is the northern terminus of Oregon Route 211 . From around the early 1940s through the 1960s, bus transit service connecting Sandy with Gresham and Portland was provided by a private company named Portland Stages, Inc . In 1970 this service was taken over by a then-new public agency, TriMet , which continued to provide transit service to Sandy until 2000. Since the beginning of 2000, Sandy has operated its own public transit system,

550-679: The Barlow Road , met the Lolo Pass trail roughly where the Zigzag and Salmon rivers enter the Sandy. Indians from villages along the Columbia, Clackamas , and other rivers also traveled by water to the lower Sandy River area to fish for salmon and to gather berries, nuts and roots. In 1792 William Robert Broughton of the Vancouver Expedition explored the lower Columbia River. He named the Sandy River "Baring River", but noted

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600-830: The Columbia River to the South Fork of the Santiam River until 1911 when the Santiam National Forest was proclaimed and the southern border of the Oregon National Forest was moved north to the divide between the Santiam River and Clackamas River . The name was changed again to the Mount Hood National Forest in 1924. In 1940 it was under consideration to become Mount Hood National Park, but this proposal did not materialize. A modern campaign opposed to logging in

650-610: The Mount Hood Wilderness of the Mount Hood National Forest . In this initial stretch near the headwaters, it receives Rushing Water Creek from the left, Muddy Fork from the right, then Lost Creek and Horseshoe Creek from the left, and crosses under Lolo Pass Road just before receiving Clear Creek from the right. At about 41 miles (66 km) from the mouth, the Zigzag River enters from

700-885: The Sandy Area Metro , which connects with TriMet's bus and MAX light rail system at the Gresham Transit Center . Since 2004, the Mount Hood Express (originally named Mountain Express) has also provided public transit bus service to Sandy, connecting it with communities and resort areas in the Mount Hood Corridor . Two airports exist in Sandy: the Sandy River Airport and Country Squire Airpark . The Sandy Post

750-685: The United States Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with Portland General Electric at river mile (RM) 29.8 (river kilometer (RK) 48.0). The unincorporated community of Marmot lies to the right of the river on a ridge—the Devil's Backbone—separating the Sandy River from the Little Sandy River to the north. About 4 miles (6.4 km) below the Marmot gauge, the river receives Badger Creek from

800-536: The Army Corps of Engineers since the devastating 1964 floods have taken place. In 1988, Congress added about 25 miles (40 km) of the Sandy to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System . The designation applies to two separate segments. One, administered by the U.S. Forest Service, covers 12.4 miles (20.0 km) from the headwaters to the Mount Hood National Forest boundary. The other, administered by

850-564: The Bull Run River. In 2007, engineers demolished Marmot Dam with 650 pounds (290 kg) of explosives. When in 2008 they demolished Little Sandy Dam, Roslyn Lake ceased to exist. After Marmot Dam was gone, the Sandy flowed freely for the first time since 1912, and the subsequent alterations restored the Little Sandy River to steelhead and salmon runs for the first time in a hundred years. Portland General Electric,

900-453: The Bureau of Land Management, covers 12.5 miles (20.1 km) between Dodge Park and Dabney Park. Of the total, 4.5 miles (7.2 km) were designated "wild", 3.8 miles (6.1 km) "scenic", and 16.6 miles (26.7 km) "recreational". A wide variety of recreational activities occur along the Sandy. Hiking, fishing, backpacking, and camping are popular along the upper river. Hikes include

950-523: The Devil's Backbone between the Sandy and the Little Sandy watersheds. Until October 2007, the river was dammed and the flow rate regulated. The Bull Run Hydroelectric Project diverted water from the Sandy River at Marmot Dam to Little Sandy Dam on the Little Sandy River. From there the water flowed to Roslyn Lake, an artificial creation, through a wood box flume . The lake supplied the 22-megawatt Bull Run hydroelectric powerhouse and emptied into

1000-852: The Indian trail over Lolo Pass to drive cattle from a Methodist mission in the Willamette Valley to a mission in Wascopam. Other pioneers later used the trail to drive livestock over the mountains. The first wagons came over the Cascades in 1840, and in 1843 the great east-west migration of settlers to the Oregon Territory began. The Barlow Road, along the Indian trail leading west from the Lolo Trail, opened in 1846 and became popular with new settlers. A branch of this road followed

1050-573: The Mount Hood National Forest collectively adding up to 311,448 acres that are part of the National Wilderness Preservation System . Acreages are as of 2011. The Olallie Scenic Area is a lightly roaded lake basin that also offers a primitive recreational experience. Sandy, Oregon Sandy is a city located in Clackamas County , Oregon , United States, settled c. 1853 and named after

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1100-493: The Mount Hood National Forest is located in parts of Clackamas , Hood River , Wasco , Multnomah , Marion , and Jefferson counties. Mount Hood National Forest was first established as the Bull Run Forest Reserve in 1892. It was expanded in 1893. It was merged with part of Cascade National Forest on July 1, 1908, and named Oregon National Forest with 1,787,280 acres (7,232.9 km). It extended from

1150-613: The Pacific Ocean. The confluence is about 14 miles (23 km) east of Portland , near the lower end of the Columbia River Gorge . Measured by a United States Geological Survey (USGS) gauge downstream of the Sandy's confluence with the Bull Run River , 18.4 miles (29.6 km) from the mouth, the river's average discharge is 2,300 cubic feet per second (65 m /s). The maximum daily recorded flow

1200-644: The Sandy, it is likely that they did. Traces of these people include petroglyphs carved into the rocks of the Columbia River Gorge. More recently, within the past few thousand years, Indians created trails across the Cascade Range around Mount Hood. The trail network linked the trading center at Wascopam, near The Dalles, to settlements in the Willamette Valley . One popular trail crossed over Lolo Pass and another, which later became

1250-597: The United States. The Sandy joins the Columbia about 14 miles (23 km) upstream of Portland . Issuing from Reid Glacier on the southwest flanks of Mount Hood in the Cascade Range , the Sandy River flows generally west and then north for 57 miles (92 km) through Clackamas County and Multnomah County to the Columbia River at Troutdale . In its first 12 miles (19 km), the Sandy River flows across Old Maid Flat, north of Zigzag Mountain in

1300-544: The abundance of sand on its banks. The river had priorly been named the Barings River after Sir Francis Baring, 1st Baronet , an English merchant banker, by Lieutenant W.R. Broughton of the Fort Vancouver expedition on October 30, 1792. A second hotel was erected in Sandy in 1890 by Baron Otto Von Scholley, an Austrian immigrant who also served as the city's second postmaster and first notary . In 1894,

1350-580: The annual Easter egg hunt, Movies at the Park and shows performed through the Library Summer Reading Program. Joe's Donuts is a nationally-acclaimed donut shop in Sandy that was established in 1974 and has now become a tourist destination in the northwest. Joe's Donuts sits on the corner of the two major highways that cross through Sandy and is recognized for its red and white checkered exterior, which has been recently retouched by

1400-469: The arrival of German immigrants in the late 19th century, and the city was formally incorporated in 1911. In the latter half of the 20th century, the city's population saw a significant increase in residents, concurrent with the growth of the Portland metropolitan area . As of the 2020 census , the city had a total population of 12,612. It is the home of Sandy High School , founded in 1914, which serves

1450-469: The city completed its first church, St. Michael's Roman Catholic Church , established by Benedictine monks, which had its first service on December 18 that year. Though the original building was destroyed in a fire two decades later, it was relocated and reopened. In 1902, a Lutheran church was established in Sandy. On August 11, 1911, the city of was formally incorporated , and on November 14, 1913, city voters approved its charter. Friedrich Meinig,

1500-550: The city's Facade Improvement program. The Sandy Mountain Festival is also held at Meinig Memorial Park, a two-day bazaar with over 120 artisans and food booths. It is held on July 11–12 and managed by the Sandy Mountain Festival Association, a nonprofit organization of volunteers. U.S. Route 26 runs through the middle of Sandy, forming downtown Sandy's Pioneer and Proctor Boulevards. Sandy

1550-405: The city's main school for all grades, before a separate high school was established in 1917. As of the 21st century, Sandy's population has increased significantly with the growth of the Portland metropolitan area . Per a 2018 study completed by Portland State University and Clackamas County, it is the second-fastest-growing city in the state, and is estimated to reach a population of 18,980 by

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1600-579: The dams' owner, donated 1,500 acres (6.1 km ) of land in the vicinity to a nature reserve. With the Marmot Dam removal and other habitat restoration in the Sandy River Basin Salmon, Steelhead, and Pacific lamprey are making a comeback. The Lower Salmon River upstream of the former Marmot Dam in recent years has undergone extensive riparian and river restoration. Engineered log jams and the opening of former side channels blocked by

1650-441: The entrance of a river which appeared to Scatter over a Sand bar, the bottom of which I could See quite across and did not appear to be 4 Inches deep in any part; I attempted to wade this Stream and to my astonishment found the bottom a quick Sand, and impassable ...". One of the first documented visits by European-Americans to the upper Sandy River basin occurred in 1838, when Daniel Lee, the nephew of missionary Jason Lee , used

1700-520: The existence of a large sand bank that nearly blocked the Columbia River at the mouth of the Sandy River. In 1805 and again in 1806, members of the Lewis and Clark Expedition explored the lower stretches of the Sandy River as they traveled down the Columbia to the Pacific Ocean. Mount Hood, at the river's headwaters, had erupted a few years earlier, causing loose sediment to collect at the river's mouth. On November 3, 1805, William Clark wrote: "I arrived at

1750-565: The flanks of the mountain. Mount Hood is a popular destination for mountain climbers . Several nonprofits lead free hikes into the National Forest to build support for further protection from logging and off-road vehicle use, including BARK and Oregon Wild . Mount Hood National Recreation Area was established within the Mount Hood National Forest on March 30, 2009. The recreation area comprises three separate units. There are eight officially designated wilderness areas within

1800-492: The left near the unincorporated community of Zigzag . From here the river runs roughly parallel to U.S. Route 26 , which is on its left for about the next 20 miles (32 km). Just below Zigzag, the Sandy River passes the unincorporated community of Wemme on the left. At about 39 miles (63 km) from the mouth, the river receives Hackett Creek from the right, passes the unincorporated community of Brightwood shortly thereafter, and receives North Boulder Creek from

1850-475: The left, and the river flows around Indian John Island. Soon Trout Creek, Gordon Creek, and Buck Creek all enter from the right as the river winds through Oxbow Regional Park between 14 miles (23 km) and 11 miles (18 km) from the mouth. Passing Camp Collins about 1 mile (1.6 km) later, the river receives Big Creek from the right. Dabney State Recreation Area is on the right about 4 miles (6.4 km) later. Lewis and Clark State Recreation Site

1900-489: The left. It passes under Ten Eyck Road about 24 miles (39 km) from the mouth, flowing by the city of Sandy on the left, shortly thereafter and receiving Cedar Creek, home of the Sandy Fish Hatchery, from the left. At about 22 miles (35 km) from the mouth, the river turns away from Highway 26 and flows generally north-northwest for the rest of its course. About 3 miles (4.8 km) further downstream,

1950-431: The name Sandy after the Sandy River, named by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark in 1805; the river and previously been named the Barings River, after Sir Francis Baring, 1st Baronet , following a 1792 expedition in the region. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Sandy's local economy was mainly based on logging and the sawmill industry due to the abundance of timber in the area. The city continued to grow with

2000-659: The national forest revived the push for national park status along with the Columbia River Gorge . The 1952 film Bend of the River was partly shot in the Mount Hood National Forest. In 2010, the Mount Hood National Forest was honored with its own quarter under the America the Beautiful Quarters program. The Mount Hood National Forest is one of the most-visited National Forests in the United States, with over four million visitors annually. Less than five percent of

2050-596: The nearby Sandy River . Located in the foothills of the Cascade Mountain Range , the city serves as the western gateway to the Mount Hood Corridor , and is located approximately 27 miles (43 km) east of Portland . The city of Sandy was originally settled by travelers passing along Barlow Road , one of the final sections of the Oregon Trail , and initially known as Revenue, after settlers Francis and Lydia Revenue. The city subsequently took

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2100-530: The population of Sandy as well as outlying communities, such as Boring and the Villages of Mount Hood . Sandy was founded after pioneer Sam Barlow passed through the area in 1845 and formed Barlow Road , the most widely-used final portion of the Oregon Trail . The first people to settle the area were Francis and Lydia Revenue, c. 1853. The abundance of natural resources in the area, ranging from fish, deer, elk, berries and roots, attracted them to build

2150-443: The population. There were 3,567 households, of which 40.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.7% were married couples living together, 12.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 30.3% were non-families. 23.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size

2200-558: The regional Oregon Trail School District . Meinig Memorial Park is the largest park in Sandy. It has a variety of features, including the Dale Nicholls stage, a log gazebo and an amphitheater. There are also many picnic benches and trails that run through the trees surrounding the area. The entirety of the park structures are constructed from wood. Many reoccurring events take place in Meinig Memorial Park, such as

2250-480: The right. Barlow Trail County Park and remnants of the Barlow Road lie to the right along this stretch of the river. Between 38 miles (61 km) and 37 miles (60 km) from the mouth, the Salmon River enters from the left. Roughly 4 miles (6.4 km) later, Wildcat Creek enters from the left and then Alder Creek and Whiskey Creek, also from the left. The river passes the Marmot gauging station operated by

2300-455: The river passes Dodge Park on the right, receives the Bull Run River from the right and passes a second USGS gauge at RM 18.4 (RK 29.6). Shortly thereafter, Walker Creek enters from the right. Between 17 miles (27 km) and 16 miles (26 km) from the mouth, the Sandy River enters Multnomah County, curves back into Clackamas County, and re-enters Multnomah County. About 1 mile (1.6 km) further downstream, Bear Creek enters from

2350-407: The trail to Ramona Falls , a well-known waterfall. Other uses of the upper river and its surrounds include kayaking and cross-country skiing . Fishing, picnicking, non-motorized boating and floating are among popular activities on the lower river. Parks along the river include Dodge Park, Oxbow Regional Park, Dabney State Recreation Area, Lewis and Clark State Recreation Site, Glenn Otto Park and

2400-472: The visitors camp in the forest. The forest contains 170 developed recreation sites, including: Other common recreational activities in the Mount Hood National Forest include fishing , boating , hiking , hunting , rafting , horseback riding , skiing , mountain biking , berry -picking, and mushroom collecting. A portion of the Pacific Crest Trail passes through the National Forest on

2450-573: The year 2034. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 3.14 square miles (8.13 km ), consisting almost entirely of land. Its elevation is 967 feet (295 m). This region experiences warm (but not hot) and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above 71.6 °F (22.0 °C). According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Sandy has

2500-492: Was 2.68 and the average family size was 3.17. The median age in the city was 32.8 years. 29% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 29.5% were from 25 to 44; 22.6% were from 45 to 64; and 10.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.9% male and 51.1% female. There are three schools within Sandy's city limits: Sandy Grade School, Cedar Ridge Middle School and Sandy High School . Those schools are administered by

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