61-627: Moyston is a town in the Western District region of Victoria , Australia , near the Grampians mountain range. The town is located in the Rural City of Ararat local government area , 224 kilometres (139 mi) north west of the state capital, Melbourne . At the 2021 census , Moyston and the surrounding area had a population of 403. Moyston is the self-proclaimed "Birthplace of Australian Football ", based on its connection to
122-507: A Victorian record 891 mm (35.1 in) at nearby Tanybryn. The Western District was well-populated by Aboriginal Victorians at the time colonisation began. For example, the ancestors of the Gunditjmara people lived in villages of weather-proof houses with stone walls a metre high, located near eel traps and aquaculture ponds at Lake Condah and elsewhere - on just one hectare of Allambie Farm, archaeologists have discovered
183-403: A formal survey of the township was made and blocks offered for sale. By then, the town included two churches, three hotels and a police station. By 1880, mining in the area had declined and vineyards and orchards were established along with dairying and grazing on newly developed selections . The last mine in the area, the "Golden Gate", ceased operation by around 1910. Today, Moyston
244-563: A group of 70-80 Aboriginal people (men, women & children) living in 9 large huts on the Werribee River, killing an unrecorded number. In spite of this, in May 1837, Henry Batman "...was appointed acting Commissioner of Crown Lands, the official charged with overseeing the squatters." Earlier, on 4 March 1837, Governor Bourke in his visit to Melbourne addressed 120 Aboriginal people, "...whom he exhorted...to good conduct and attention to
305-558: A major industry in the wetter southern parts during this period, as was the cultivation of potatoes and onions on the best soils. In the Otway Ranges, forestry became the major industry, especially after the building of the Great Ocean Road which opened up these very wet areas. Because of the change in focus since the late 1960s to woodchipping , many timber mills are now defunct as jobs have moved to Geelong. Tourism
366-474: A nearly flat volcanic plain created by a number of quite recently active volcanoes , the best known being Mount Eccles , Mount Richmond and Mount Gambier. Whilst some of them (e.g. Mount Richmond) have given rise to cemented pyroclastic rocks that do not produce fertile soils , others have given rise to fertile andisols that make the district the best grazing land in Australia, as well as highly suitable for
427-474: A number of stand-alone primary schools. The unemployment rate at the 2001 Census was put at 6.1%, with a workforce participation rate of 58.9%. Like most of south-western Victoria, Hamilton has a temperate mediterranean climate ( Csb ). Cold fronts regularly sweep in from the Southern Ocean. Although daytime temperatures occasionally reach into the 30s even 40s during summer, daytime temperatures in
488-472: A pioneer of Australian rules football . It has been claimed that, while living in the Moyston area, Wills witnessed or played Marn Grook , an Aboriginal football game that inspired his laws for Australian football. The discovery of gold in 1857 started a small gold rush and the establishment of a township. The Post Office opened on 19 March 1860 as Campbell's Reef and was renamed Moyston in 1866. In 1861,
549-618: A series of clashes known as the Eumeralla Wars , in which both they and colonists experienced violent deaths. The Gunditjmara resistance became overwhelmed by the colonisers who brought in the Native Police - an organisation consisting of highly skilled Aboriginal men dedicated to keeping the peace in their native land. The historian Jan Critchett has documented this conflict in her 1990 book, A distant field of murder: Western district frontiers, 1834-1848 . The colonisation of
610-739: A table tennis centre with 8 courts and a large gym . The city is also the home of the Hamilton Rowing Club (HRC) which competes in Rowing Victoria regattas during the summer. The Hamilton and Alexandra College Rowing Club (HACRC) sometimes compete in such events or attempt to train. Tucked behind the Historical Society in Gray Street, is the Hamilton 8-Ball and Snooker Club. Hamilton has a horse racing club ,
671-469: A tribute to the importance of the local wool industry. Together they formed a building and a cafe containing wool-related displays such as historical memorabilia, including farming and shearing equipment, wool scales, old horse harnesses, wool presses and weaving looms, along with wool samples and rural clothing. The Keeping Place is a small museum and living history centre run by local indigenous people. The Sir Reginald Ansett Transport Museum celebrates
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#1732787089864732-801: A week constitute easily the heaviest falls in the district. In winter, temperatures typically range from minima of around 5 °C (41 °F) to maxima of 12 to 13 °C (54 to 55 °F), and rainfall is very frequent and reliable, averaging from 550 mm (22 in) in the driest area around Lake Bolac to 832 mm (32.8 in) at Portland. In the Otway Ranges , summers are mild, averaging around 20 °C (68 °F), whilst winters are cold and very wet, with maxima averaging around 9 to 10 °C (48 to 50 °F) and rainfall averaging about 2,250 mm (89 in) with extremes in June 1952 as high as 538 mm (21.2 in) at Weeaproinah and
793-586: A wool-related trade-show and exhibition is held in the Hamilton Show-grounds in the first Monday & Tuesday of August each year, and attracts up to 20,000 visitors. It has a similar feel to an Agricultural show but is focused on wool and sheep. The Hamilton Agricultural Show is normally held in November. The Big Wool Bales was an attraction (now demolished) it consisted of five linked structures designed to resemble five gigantic woolbales -
854-485: Is an historic town surrounded by farming properties and where workers employed in the nearby towns of Great Western , Ararat , Stawell , and Halls Gap , reside. Several public businesses operate in and near the town which included the post office, the general store and Clayfield Winery. The town shares an Australian rules football team with nearby Willaura , the Moyston-Willaura Pumas , competing in
915-598: Is broadcast out of Studios in Warrnambool via Mt Clay Portland on 96.9 which is relayed to Mt Dundas. Local Programming is during breakfast times only and often is sourced from Horsham and Ballarat Studios. AM radio 3WL on 1602 is audible in Hamilton as is 3WV on 594 from Horsham. There are also low power narrowcast services on fm in Hamilton which change from time to time. KIX Country is currently transmitting sport and racing. Vision FM currently transmits in Hamilton and Casterton. There are plans to convert 3HA to FM and change
976-584: Is located at the Hamilton Airport as well as a modern terminal building and toilets. Hamilton Aero Club has its club rooms and hangar there and is open most Saturdays. AVGAS Key lock card fueling is available 24/7. Turbine fuel by arrangement. There is no airline service to Hamilton, only charter flights and as such the airport is not staffed. Pilot activated lights on:124.2 are available and an automatic weather service details on NAIPS. A non directional radio beacon on 203 kHz for instrument approaches,
1037-633: Is one of very few NDBs remaining. For all details consult the Air Services ERSA. In 1881 William Guilfoyle , the director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne was employed to design the Hamilton Botanic Gardens . Set in 4 acres (1.6 ha), the gardens are distinguished by rare botanic species, a superbly restored rotunda, a small zoo featuring rabbits, cockatiels and budgerigars and playground and
1098-449: Is the dominant industry in towns such as Lorne and Apollo Bay , which fill up during the summer as Melburnians are drawn by the stunning scenery and milder weather. In towns like Heywood and Nelson , pine plantations have been the dominant industry since the 1950s but the industry, even as plantations mature, is under threat due to poor prices. Hamilton, Victoria Hamilton is a city in south-western Victoria , Australia , at
1159-651: The Ace Radio network, which operates radio stations in the Western District of Victoria. Many other radio stations broadcast into Hamilton, including national broadcasters the ABC transmitting from Mt Dundas Melville Forest over much of Western Victoria including outlets at Warrnambool , Portland , and Ballarat . Stations are ABC News Radio 91.7, ABC Radio National 92.5, ABC Classic FM 93.3, ABC Local Radio 94.1, and JJJ Youth Radio 94.9. ABC local radio
1220-579: The Eastern Maar people, the Gunditjmara people were recognised to be the native title-holders of almost 4,000 hectares (9,900 acres) of Crown land in the Yambuk region, including Lady Julia Percy Island , known to them as Deen Maar . Wheat was grown in the drier northern part of the district for some time until more easily managed soils in the Wimmera were developed. Dairying was developed as
1281-648: The Federal Court . However, the Gunditjmara took the matter to the High Court of Australia where they were successful. High Court Chief Justice Gibbs judged that: "The appellants have an interest in the subject matter of the present action which is greater than that of other members of the public and indeed greater than that of other persons of Aboriginal descent who are not members of the Gournditch-jmara people. The applicants and other members of
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#17327870898641342-597: The Mininera & District Football League . Western District, Victoria The Western District comprises western regions of the Australian state of Victoria . It is said to be an ill–defined district, sometimes incorrectly referred to as an economic region ,. The district is located within parts of the Barwon South West and the Grampians regions; extending from the south-west corner of
1403-651: The Western Border Football League . The teams agreed to merge at the end of the 2012 season in order to make the move to the Hampden Football League . Netball , field hockey , basketball , soccer , tennis and cricket are other popular sports in the city. Hamilton opened a large Indoor Sports and Aquatic Centre in March 2006, which contains four basketball courts, a twenty-five-metre indoor swimming pool , 4 squash courts,
1464-543: The weirs and fish traps found in Lake Condah , south of Hamilton), as well as Aboriginal accounts of early white settlers, support the local oral histories of well-established, pre-European settlements in the area. On 12 September 1836, the explorer Major Thomas Mitchell was the first European to travel through the region. His reports of the fertility and abundance of ‘ Australia Felix ’ (as he called this region of Western Victoria) encouraged pastoralists to move into
1525-483: The AM service possibly to sport. Recent demolition at Melville oval saw the old 3HA broadcast box used for football since the 1949s removed. Hamilton is serviced by an all weather airport located at Hensley Park approximately 11 km North of Hamilton. A long bitumen North South Runway can take up aircraft up to Dash 8 size as well as small jet aircraft. A gravel runway is aligned NW and SE. A CFA fire base and control centre
1586-558: The Aboriginal population dispossessed of hunting grounds and their centuries-old management of fire having been disrupted for almost 15 years, the Colony experienced for the first time its largest ever bushfires, burning about 25% of the land area of Victoria on Black Thursday (1851) on 6 February 1851. Missionaries sought to relocate Gunditjmara people of the west to a mission established further east near Purnim in 1861, however,
1647-647: The Gournditch-jmara [ie, the Gunditjmara] people would be more particularly affected than other members of the Australian community by the destruction of the relics". On 30 March 2007, the Gunditjmara were recognised by the Federal Court of Australia to be the native title-holders of almost 140,000 hectares (350,000 acres) of Crown land and waters in the Portland area. On 27 July 2011, together with
1708-482: The Grange Burn flat. A postal office opened on 1 July 1844 (Hamilton from 1 January 1854). The desire for a school prompted a town survey, which commenced in 1849. The township of Hamilton was formally declared in 1851. The town was named in the following way as quoted by the book "Dundas Shire Centenary 1863-1963", page 58. Quote: "In 1840, owing to police difficulties in controlling public houses on, or not on
1769-529: The Gunditjmara from the Portland region refused because of tension with rival Aboriginal clans from the eastern boundary of Gunditjmara country and beyond the Hopkins River . Five years later in 1866, 827 ha (2,043 acres) of Crown land at Lake Condah was set aside for use as an Aboriginal mission . This land was gazetted as a reserve in 1869 and an Anglican mission was established. In 1951,
1830-657: The Hamilton Racing Club, which schedules around nine race meetings a year including the Hamilton Cup meeting in April. As well as a harness racing club which has recently opened a new track, with state-of-the-art facilities. Golfers play at the Hamilton Golf Club or at the more minor course Parklands on Boundary and Hensley Park Roads. The eastern barred bandicoot is a marsupial native to
1891-469: The Hamiltons and Gibsons of Bringalbert, there being intermarriages later." The railway reached the town in 1877 and, along with the local railway station , would become a hub of several branch lines until their eventual closures in 1977 and 1979. Hamilton was proclaimed as a city on 22 November 1949. Hamilton contains a number of heritage-listed sites, including: Sheep grazing and agriculture are
Moyston, Victoria - Misplaced Pages Continue
1952-712: The Lake Condah reserve, with the exception of three small areas, was revoked and the land was handed over to the Soldier Settlement Commission . In 1980, the Gunditjmara launched Onus v. Alcoa, taking legal action in the Supreme Court of Victoria to prevent Alcoa of Australia Ltd from damaging or interfering with Gunditjmara cultural sites located on the same place as the proposed aluminium smelter at Portland. The Supreme Court dismissed their subsequent application for leave to appeal to
2013-626: The Missionary.' The Kulin were given blankets and four favoured men, who had been recommended for 'honorary distinctions' by [Police Magistrate Captain William] Lonsdale , were awarded brass plates." By 1839, large numbers of homeless Aboriginal people from surrounding pastoral districts, were "....surviving whenever and however they could on the geographic, social and economic margins of the town [ie, Melbourne]." When Chief Protector of Aborigines George Augustus Robinson arrived in
2074-570: The Western District had huge impacts beyond the immediate district. By January 1844, there were said to be 675 Aborigines resident in squalid camps in Melbourne. Although the British Colonial Office appointed 5 "Aboriginal Protectors" for the entire Aboriginal population of Victoria, arriving in Melbourne in 1839, they worked "...within a land policy that nullified their work, and there was no political will to change this." "It
2135-441: The area and set up large sheep runs. In 1839, squatter Charles Wedge , with his brothers, arrived in the area and established ‘The Grange' sheep station near the banks of the Grange Burn rivulet—where the town of Hamilton now stands. There soon followed significant conflict between Wedge's men and the local Aboriginal people. Wedge reported attacks on his shepherds, and the loss of hundreds of sheep and other livestock; in 1840,
2196-431: The area, and a reserve has been built to protect this and other endangered species . In more recent decades (2007), the numbers of bandicoot (both within the reserve and outside of it) have declined significantly—to the point of nearing extinction—as a result of extended drought, and predation by introduced red foxes as well as feral cats . Competition for food with the introduced rabbits is another major issue affecting
2257-466: The boundary between the Western District and Port Phillip District. The climate is mild to warm and generally humid to sub-humid. Summer temperatures are warm, with February means ranging from 13.1 to 21.9 °C (55.6 to 71.4 °F) at Portland to 11.1 to 26.6 °C (52.0 to 79.9 °F) in the northern part of the plain. Rainfall in summer is not uncommon but is only rarely heavy; though in March 1946 rains of up to 300 millimetres (12 in) in
2318-444: The collision between the natives and the settlers". The proximity of The Grange to other properties and to important routes between Portland and New South Wales, led to the gradual emergence of a small town. This settlement featured an inn, a blacksmith, a small store and some random shanties and businesses nearby. The site was a local social centre and meeting point for the surrounding pastoral properties; horse races were held along
2379-591: The consent of the British Crown. With no legal recognition or protection of the Aboriginal inhabitants, some cases of violence occurred. For example, in August 1836, some Aboriginal people killed the squatter Charles Franks and an unnamed shepherd, at Franks' station on the Werribee River (near Melbourne). In response, Henry Batman (John Batman's brother) led an indiscriminate punitive expedition against
2440-537: The district are: Warrnambool , Hamilton , Colac , Portland , Casterton , Port Fairy , Camperdown , and Terang . Other cities and towns in or on the edge of the district include: Coleraine , Merino , Heywood , Dunkeld , Penshurst , Macarthur , Koroit , Allansford , Ararat , Willaura , Beaufort , Learmonth , Ballarat , Snake Valley , Skipton , Moyston , Linton , Derrinallum , Lismore , Mortlake , Noorat , Cobden , Timboon , Beeac , Cororooke , Birregurra , Apollo Bay , and Lorne . It consists of
2501-482: The founding of Ansett Australia in Hamilton in 1935 and displays items from the early days of the Ansett Airlines' operation. There are many sporting clubs and leagues in the Hamilton area. The city is served by one Australian rules football team; Hamilton Kangaroos . This team competes in the Hampden Football League . The city formerly had 2 teams, Hamilton Magpies and Hamilton Imperials, which played in
Moyston, Victoria - Misplaced Pages Continue
2562-476: The hinterland overrun by "...vast numbers of sheep and cattle.." and "...conditions in the countryside becoming intolerable, the blacks swarmed into Melbourne looking for food and blankets." Between 1836 and 1842, Victorian Aboriginal groups were largely dispossessed of hunting grounds larger than the whole of England . In the Portland area in the 1840s, the Gunditjmara fought for their hunting grounds in
2623-458: The imaginary boundary line, Henry Wade was sent from Sydney on a special mission to mark out the boundary. He completed the survey as far as Serviceton by the spring of 1847, and was then appointed District Surveyor and in 1850, laid out a township for the Grange, which he named Hamilton. It was then the prerogative of the surveyor to christen his lay-out. Wade and his family had made close friends of
2684-697: The intersection of the Glenelg Highway and the Henty Highway . The Hamilton Highway connects it to Geelong . Hamilton is in the federal Division of Wannon , and is in the Southern Grampians local government area . Hamilton claims to be the "Wool Capital of the World" , based on its strong historical links to sheep grazing which continue today. The city uses the tagline "Greater Hamilton: one place, many possibilities". Hamilton
2745-493: The killing of Patrick Codd—who had been employed on The Grange—led to at least three separate punitive expeditions by Wedge and co., resulting in the deaths of at least ten Aborigines. Wedge infamously had a swivel gun mounted outside of his homestead to ‘deter’ the local people from approaching the house. Regarding his extensive conflicts with the local tribes, Wedge claimed that the "depredations did not cease till many lives were sacrificed". The "frequent collisions" compelled
2806-952: The marsupials. Within the city, the public lands adjoining the river and Lake Hamilton have been subject to spasmodic tree-planting projects. Mount Napier —the highest point on the Western District Plains—is found 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) south of Hamilton. Primary schools in Hamilton include Hamilton (Gray Street) Primary School, George Street Primary School, Hamilton North Primary School and Saint Mary's Primary School. Secondary schools include Hamilton and Alexandra College , Baimbridge College and Monivae College . There are two Primary to Year 12 schools: Hamilton and Alexandra College and Good Shepherd College. Hamilton Special School caters to primary school-age students who have special education needs, predominantly autistic spectrum disorders and communication difficulties. South West Institute of Technical and Further Education (TAFE) has
2867-445: The mid teens will often linger into December and are not uncommon even during the high summer months. On average Hamilton has 105 days per year with more than 1 mm of rain with a marked minimum during Summer. The town has 56.3 clear days annually. It is significantly cloudier than Melbourne due to its elevation and westerly exposure. Though snow is rare, it saw significant snowfalls on 26 July 1901 and 11 October 1910. Hamilton and
2928-581: The ornate Thomson Fountain. The garden at one point housed an emu , however, it was illegally shot in 2012. The National Trust of Australia classified the gardens in 1990 with eight tree species listed on the Register of Significant Trees in Victoria. Hamilton Gallery Established in 1961, Hamilton Gallery's renowned collection features collection of gouache and watercolour pictures by English landscape painter Paul Sandby (1731-1809). Sheepvention ,
2989-455: The primary industries in the surrounding shire, the area producing as much as 15% of Australia's total wool clip. Inside the city of Hamilton the majority of employment is provided by the retail industry (20%) and the Health and Community Services sector (14.5%). Education is another large employer, with four Secondary Schools, two of which enrol both primary and secondary students, as well as
3050-419: The production of vegetable crops. Away from the volcanoes, soils are of moderate to low fertility and many are sandy, supporting heathland flora like the Grampians . Drainage is very poor and most rivers flow only after prolonged periods of steady rain, resulting in remarkably variable flow when the low variability of the climate is taken into account. The major mountain range is the Otway Ranges , which straddle
3111-441: The remains of 160 house sites. Pioneer Edward Henty wrote in his diary on 3 December 1834: Pulled [rowed] over in the whale boat to Dutton's River. Light wind from the N.E. Very warm. Arrived at 6 p.m., made the boat fast in the middle of the river, and started three days' walk in the bush accompanied by H Camfield, Wm Dutton, five men, one black woman and 14 dogs, each man with a gun and sufficient quantity of damper to last for
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#17327870898643172-465: The sport's founder, Tom Wills , who grew up in the area in the 1840s, and, according to some, played Marn Grook with the Indigenous people of the area. The first European to see the Moyston area was the explorer Major Thomas Mitchell in 1836. Squatters and their flocks of sheep followed soon after, among them Horatio Wills . His son, Tom Wills , was Australia's first great cricketer and
3233-628: The squatters of the area to go so far as to request protection from the government. In 1842, temporary protection came from troopers of the Native Police , under Captain Henry Dana , and from the Border Police of New South Wales , under Captain Foster Fyans . The police magistrate from Portland, James Blair, and the new position of police magistrate to The Grange, Acheson French, were also appointed by Governor Charles Latrobe to "check
3294-702: The state to Ballarat in the east and as far north as Ararat . The district is bounded by the Wimmera district in the north, by the Goldfields district in the east, by Bass Strait and the Southern Ocean in the south, and by the South Australian border in the west. The district is well known for the production of wool . The most populated city in the Western District is the Ballarat region, with 96,940 inhabitants. The principal centres of
3355-1319: The surrounding areas is serviced by The Hamilton Spectator , a tri-weekly local newspaper published by the Spectator Observer newspaper group. Established in 1859 as the Hamilton Courier, it became the Hamilton Spectator and Grange District Advertiser in 1860, and later The Hamilton Spectator. Local Television is transmitted from Mt Dundas Melville Forest in the VHF Band Channel 5 to 12. ABC TV , SBS TV , WIN ( Nine ), Seven and Southern Cross ( Ten ). UHF child sites exist in Coleraine ABC TV only on UHF from McKenrys Hill and Casterton from Seeleys Hill, All Services, which are on UHF. All services are DTV-B and require appropriate antenna to receive correctly. Unlike capital cities service runs on lower power and requires correct antenna. Caravan antenna for travellers might not work well. Neither will indoor aerials. There are two radio stations based in Hamilton: Both are owned by
3416-798: The town in the winter of 1839, "four to five hundred blacks of the Port Phillip tribes" were gathering at a camp site on the south bank of the Yarra River , suffering hunger and disease. By 1840, Robinson still "....had no stores allocated to him..." by Captain Lonsdale, the Police Magistrate in Melbourne , even though "...it was patently obvious that the Aborigines were starving, and many were ill and near death..." With land in
3477-423: The voyage. In the 5 December entry Henty wrote: On descending the hill we saw a native. He immediately ran on seeing us. He was busily employed pulling the gums from the wattle trees. Both the Henty brothers and Captain Griffiths (who settled at Port Fairy in 1836), combined whaling and farming. The district was explored by Thomas Mitchell in 1836 who identified the area's potential for grazing. Charles Tyers
3538-460: Was built near the junction of three traditional indigenous tribal territories—the Gunditjmara land, stretching south to the coast; the Tjapwurong land, to the north east; and the Bunganditj territory, to the west. People who lived in these areas tended to be settled rather than nomadic. The region is fertile, with ample precipitation and an abundance of flora and fauna, lessening the need to travel far for food. Historical, physical items (such as
3599-466: Was government policy to encourage squatters to take possession of whatever Aboriginal land they chose,....that largely explains why almost all the original inhabitants of Port Phillip's vast grasslands were dead so soon after 1835". By 1845, fewer than 240 wealthy Europeans held all the pastoral licences then issued in Victoria and became the patriarchs "...that were to wield so much political and economic power in Victoria for generations to come." With
3660-465: Was said one could walk to Geelong without stepping on grass. Runoff after rainfall was rapid, and it was claimed that only after cattle had firmed the soil that the grass began to thicken. The regional climate also became much wetter. With pastoral land in the colony of Van Diemen's Land fully allocated to colonists, John Batman turned his attention to mainland land speculation at the vast grasslands of Port Phillip Bay , which began in 1835 without
3721-407: Was the first to survey the area in 1839. Sheep were first brought to the district in 1836 by Thomas Manifold at Port Henry, near Geelong , and rapidly occupied the whole district. By 1840 squatters occupied almost all the district. The first settlers avoided the Western District (preferring the forest country further west), as its countryside was then exceptionally dry: tussocks were so scanty it
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