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24-754: The Moffatt-Ladd House , also known as the William Whipple House , is a historic house museum and National Historic Landmark in Portsmouth, New Hampshire , United States. The 1763 Georgian house was the home of William Whipple (1730–1785), a Founding Father , a signer of the Declaration of Independence and Revolutionary War general. The house is now owned by the National Society of Colonial Dames in New Hampshire, and

48-413: A flat widow's walk surrounded by a low balustrade with urn finials. The urn finials also appear on the fence that sets the house off from the street. The property includes a small office building dating to 1810. The house was built in 1763 by John Moffatt, one of the wealthiest men in colonial New Hampshire, and given to his son Samuel as a wedding present the following year. The elder Moffatt repurchased

72-861: Is a building, district, object, site, or structure that is officially recognized by the United States government for its outstanding historical significance. Only some 2,500, or roughly three percent, of over 90,000 places listed on the country's National Register of Historic Places are recognized as National Historic Landmarks. A National Historic Landmark District sometimes called a National Historical Park may include more than one National Historic Landmark and contributing properties that are buildings, structures, sites or objects, and it may include non-contributing properties. Contributing properties may or may not also be separately listed or registered. Prior to 1935, efforts to preserve cultural heritage of national importance were made by piecemeal efforts of

96-422: Is open to the public. Among the contents are Whipple's sword and other personal items, along with a portrait of him. Outside is a horse chestnut tree that Whipple planted in 1776 with seeds that he brought back from Philadelphia . The house was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1968. The house is an imposing three-story wood-frame structure, set on a rise overlooking the old part of Portsmouth Harbor. It

120-505: Is roughly square, measuring about 42 feet (13 m) on each side, with a hip roof . The exterior is covered in wood clapboards, with quoins at the corners. There are three chimneys, located at the sides of the house. The main facade is five bays wide; its windows on the first two levels are topped by segmented arch pediments, while the third level windows, which are smaller, butt against the roof cornice in Federal style. The roof topped by

144-896: The Historic American Buildings Survey amassed information about culturally and architecturally significant properties in a program known as the Historic Sites Survey. Most of the designations made under this legislation became National Historic Sites , although the first designation, made December 20, 1935, was for a National Memorial , the Gateway Arch National Park (then known as the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial) in St. Louis , Missouri. The first National Historic Site designation

168-633: The United States Congress . In 1935, Congress passed the Historic Sites Act , which authorized the interior secretary authority to formally record and organize historic properties, and to designate properties as having "national historical significance", and gave the National Park Service authority to administer historically significant federally owned properties. Over the following decades, surveys such as

192-842: The 50 states. New York City alone has more NHLs than all but five states: Virginia , California , Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, and New York, the latter of which has the most NHLs of all 50 states. There are 74 NHLs in the District of Columbia . Some NHLs are in U.S. commonwealths and territories, associated states, and foreign states . There are 15 in Puerto Rico , the Virgin Islands , and other U.S. commonwealths and territories ; five in U.S.-associated states such as Micronesia ; and one in Morocco . Over 100 ships or shipwrecks have been designated as NHLs. Approximately half of

216-632: The HABS program. Notable HABS photographers included Jack Boucher , who worked for the project for over four decades, Robert W. Tebbs , Richard Koch , and Jet Lowe . The Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) program was founded on January 10, 1969, by NPS and the American Society of Civil Engineers . HAER documents historic sites, structures, mechanical, and engineering artifacts. The Maritime Administration works with HAER to "document historic vessels prior to their disposal." Since

240-557: The Historic American Buildings Survey following a proposal by Charles E. Peterson , a young landscape architect in the agency. It was founded as a constructive make-work program for architects, draftsmen, and photographers left jobless by the Great Depression . The program was supported through the Historic Sites Act of 1935. Guided by field instructions from Washington, D.C. ,

264-672: The National Historic Landmarks are privately owned . The National Historic Landmarks Program relies on suggestions for new designations from the National Park Service, which also assists in maintaining the landmarks . A friends' group of owners and managers, the National Historic Landmark Stewards Association, works to preserve, protect and promote National Historic Landmarks. If not already listed on

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288-823: The National Register of Historic Places, an NHL is automatically added to the Register upon designation; about three percent of Register listings are NHLs. Washington, D.C. is home to three specifically legislated exceptions to this rule: the White House , the United States Capitol , and the United States Supreme Court Building . All are designated as NHLs, but are not on the National Register. Historic American Buildings Survey In 1933, NPS established

312-555: The National Register, or as an NHL) often triggered local preservation laws, legislation in 1980 amended the listing procedures to require owner agreement to the designations. On October 9, 1960, 92 places, properties, or districts were announced as eligible to be designated NHLs by U.S. Secretary of the Interior Fred A. Seaton . Agreements of owners or responsible parties were subsequently obtained, but all 92 have since been considered listed on that 1960 date. The origins of

336-694: The Tripartite Agreement in 2010, making "HALS a permanent federal program." The NPS deals with the planning and operations of HALS, standardizes the formats and develops the guidelines for recording landscapes. The permanent collection of HABS/HAER/HALS are housed at the Library of Congress , which was established in 1790 (and reestablished after the disastrous fire of 1814 in Washington, D.C. , by purchasing former third President Thomas Jefferson 's personal library at Monticello in 1815) as

360-548: The United States secretary of the interior because they are: More than 2,500 NHLs have been designated. Most, but not all, are in the United States. There are NHLs in all 50 states and the national capital of Washington, D.C. Three states ( Pennsylvania , Massachusetts , and New York ) account for nearly 25 percent of the nation's NHLs. Three cities within these states, Philadelphia , Boston , and New York City , respectively, all separately have more NHLs than 40 of

384-641: The advent of HAER, the combined program is typically called "HABS/HAER". Eric DeLony headed HAER from 1987 to 2003. In October 2000, NPS and the American Society of Landscape Architects established a sister program, the Historic American Landscapes Survey, to systematically document historic American landscapes. A predecessor, the Historic American Landscape and Garden Project, recorded historic Massachusetts gardens between 1935 and 1940. That project

408-437: The first HABS recorders were tasked with documenting a representative sampling of the nation's architectural heritage . They began to document the built environment in the United States, carrying out multi-format surveys that amassed a "more than 581,000 measured drawings, large-format photographs, written histories, and original field notes for more than 43,000 historic structures and sites dating from Pre-Columbian times to

432-593: The first National Historic Landmark was a simple cedar post, placed by the Lewis and Clark Expedition on their 1804 outbound trek to the Pacific in commemoration of the death from natural causes of Sergeant Charles Floyd . The cedar plank was later replaced by a 100 ft (30 m) marble obelisk. The Sergeant Floyd Monument in Sioux City, Iowa , was officially designated on June 30, 1960. NHLs are designated by

456-412: The house from his son in 1768, and lived there with his daughter Catherine and her husband, Wiliam Whipple, until his death in 1785. The property was entailed by Moffatt to Samuel's descendants, who acquired control of the property after legal disputes in 1818. The house passed the following year to Maria Tufton Haven Ladd, one of Samuel's granddaughters. Maria Ladd's son Alexander Hamilton Ladd occupied

480-467: The house until his death in 1900, and was responsible for establishing the property's fine gardens. His children donated the house to the National Society of Colonial Dames in New Hampshire in 1911. The house was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1968, and listed on the National Register of Historic Places . National Historic Landmark A National Historic Landmark ( NHL )

504-528: The replacement reference library of the United States Congress . The Library of Congress has since been expanded to serve as the national library of the United States; U.S. publishers are required to deposit a copy of every copyrighted and published work, book monograph and magazine. As a branch of the United States Government , its created works are in the public domain in the U.S. Many images, drawings, and documents are available through

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528-549: The twentieth century." By creating an archive of historic architecture, HABS provided a database of primary source material and documentation for the then-fledgling historic preservation movement. Earlier private projects included Eleanor Raymond 's Early Domestic Architecture of Pennsylvania (1931), Charles Morse Stotz 's Western Pennsylvania Architectural Survey, and the White Pine Series of Architectural Monographs . Many of their contributors later joined

552-672: Was funded by the Works Progress Administration , but was administered by HABS, which supervised the collection of records. In 2001, along with the Library of Congress, the NPS, and the American Society of Landscape Architects signed a Memorandum of Understanding which established a working relationship between the three organizations. Following the signing of this agreement, these organizations together signed

576-683: Was made for the Salem Maritime National Historic Site on March 17, 1938. In 1960, the National Park Service took on the administration of the survey data gathered under this legislation, and the National Historic Landmark program began to take more formal shape. When the National Register of Historic Places was established in 1966, the National Historic Landmark program was encompassed within it, and rules and procedures for inclusion and designation were formalized. Because listings (either on

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