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85-569: Moosonee ( / ˌ m uː s ə ˈ n iː / ) is a town in northern Ontario , Canada, on the Moose River approximately 19 km (12 mi) south of James Bay . It is considered to be "the Gateway to the Arctic" and has Ontario 's only saltwater port. Nearby on Moose Factory Island is the community of Moose Factory to which it is connected by water taxi in the summer and ice road in

170-463: A "satellite Trades Centre" was being operated in the community by Northern College "linked to the ... Timmins Campus"; courses included technology, trades and apprenticeship programs. Moosonee has a humid continental climate ( Köppen climate classification Dfb ) with subarctic influences, which gives the town warm summers and cold winters, sometimes severe. James Bay acts as a thermal reservoir to moderate spring and fall temperatures. Freeze-up on

255-614: A French Language Instructional Unit for children who are entitled to be educated in French. There is a public high school, Northern Lights Secondary School , that provides grades nine through twelve. Northern College 's Moosonee campus provides some post-secondary programs. Health services are provided through the Moosonee Health Clinic of the Weeneebayko Area Health Authority (merger of

340-765: A boundary dispute between Ontario and Manitoba . The region was confirmed as belonging to Ontario by decision of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in 1884, and confirmed by the Canada (Ontario Boundary) Act, 1889 of the Parliament of the United Kingdom , which set the province's new northern boundary at the Albany River . The remaining northernmost portion of the province, from

425-566: A by-election in 2001, and was re-elected in the 2003 and 2007 elections. Former Ontario New Democratic Party leader Howard Hampton and former Ontario Liberal Party leader Lyn McLeod also represented Northern Ontario ridings in the provincial legislature; the six months in 1996 between Hampton's accession to the NDP leadership in June and McLeod's departure as Liberal leader in December marked

510-591: A controversial but now-defunct plan to ship Toronto 's garbage to the Adams Mine , an abandoned open pit mine in Kirkland Lake. In the redistribution of provincial electoral districts before the 2007 election , the province retained the existing electoral district boundaries in Northern Ontario, rather than adjusting them to correspond to federal electoral district boundaries as was done in

595-413: A letter to Prime Minister Jean Chrétien asking him to outline the necessary conditions for the region to secede from Ontario to form a new province. This movement emerged as a reaction to the government of Mike Harris , whose policies were widely unpopular in the region even though Harris himself represented the Northern Ontario riding of Nipissing in the legislature. More recently, some residents of

680-530: A locally elected board subject to formal appointment by the Ontario provincial government. It became incorporated as a town effective January 1, 2001, with an elected mayor and four-person council. In 1900, Annie Hardisty and her two daughters were the first settlers on the site. Significant development began on June 6, 1903, four canoes and a crew of 21 persons of the Revillon Frères company arrived on

765-734: A population of 1,512 living in 487 of its 629 total private dwellings, a change of 2.1% from its 2016 population of 1,481 . With a land area of 547.83 km (211.52 sq mi), it had a population density of 2.8/km (7.1/sq mi) in 2021. In 2021, 86.0 per cent of residents spoke English as their mother tongue, 8.5 per cent Indigenous (mainly Cree), 1.0 per cent French, and 4.4 per cent other languages. The population are mainly First Nations (66.8 per cent), 32.5 per cent non-indigenous and 1 per cent Métis . Moosonee has two elementary schools, Moosonee Public School and Bishop Belleau Separate School (Roman Catholic) that offer kindergarten through grade eight. Bishop Belleau School also provides

850-541: A second movement emerged following the creation of Alberta and Saskatchewan in 1905. In the 1940s, an organization called the New Province League formed to lobby for the creation of a new territory of "Aurora". In 1966, a committee of mayors from the region, comprising Max Silverman of Sudbury, G. W. Maybury of Kapuskasing, Ernest Reid of Fort William, Leo Del Villano of Timmins, Merle Dickerson of North Bay and Leo Foucault of Espanola, formed to study

935-649: A standalone university in 2022 dually based in Sudbury and Thunder Bay. NOSM has clinical placements throughout Northern Ontario and a special research focus on rural medicine. In 2011, Laurentian University was granted a charter to launch the McEwen School of Architecture in Sudbury, and Lakehead University was granted approval to launch the Bora Laskin Faculty of Law in Thunder Bay. As with

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1020-429: Is 148.9 km (92.5 mi) south of Moosonee. During the early months of 2008, a winter road was open between Moosonee and the provincial road system at Otter Rapids. This road was built to support the twinning of the electric transmission lines that run from Otter Rapids to Moosonee. Local residents report it taking five or six hours to get to Timmins from Moosonee via Otter Rapids and Smooth Rock Falls . This road

1105-618: Is available on this train. A private company offers freighter-canoe ferry across the Moose River to Moose Factory where Centennial Park exhibits 19th-century buildings from the fur-trading era. Notable attractions in Moosonee include: The Tidewater Provincial Park is on nearby Charles Island, adjacent to Moose Factory Island. Northern Ontario The extended federal and provincial quasi-administrative regions of Northern Ontario have their own boundaries even further south in

1190-535: Is available on this train. There are also two freight trains per week. During the summer and early fall shipping season, goods can be transported from Moosonee by barge. In January 2007, responsibility for the Port of Moosonee was transferred from the federal government to the Town of Moosonee. The Polar Bear Express Passenger Train transports cars, canoes, ATVs, and snowmobiles as long as they are booked in advance notice. It

1275-466: Is colder due to its proximity to Hudson Bay , and isolated due to its lack of road access to the rest of Ontario. The community was the site of a fur trading post set up in 1903 by Revillon Frères , competitors to the Hudson's Bay Company which later bought out Révillon. Moosonee formerly held the status of a development area, the only community in the province with that designation; it was governed by

1360-478: Is exceptionally popular near James Bay. Group hunting for moose is a favourite social outing. In winter, snowmobiling, ice fishing, outdoor shinny, cross-country skiing, and snowshoeing are popular activities. The region boasts extensive snowmobiling trails and many lakes are dotted with ice hut villages throughout the winter. The region is home to numerous major cultural events, including Sudbury's La Nuit sur l'étang , Northern Lights Festival Boréal and Cinéfest ,

1445-531: Is further subdivided into Northeastern and Northwestern Ontario . When the region is divided in that way, the three westernmost districts ( Rainy River , Kenora and Thunder Bay ) constitute Northwestern Ontario, and the other districts constitute Northeastern Ontario. Northeastern Ontario contains two thirds of Northern Ontario's population. In the early 20th century, Northern Ontario was often called "New Ontario", although that name has fallen into disuse because of its colonial connotations. (In French , however,

1530-430: Is located on First Street. Moose River Post became the most important location for Revillon Frères and was quickly expanded with a staff house, carpenter's shop, warehouse, and sawmill. The buildings were spaced far apart as a preventive measure to minimize the spread of fire. By 1912, it was reported that "the whole line of good substantial buildings, built principally for their French Canadian employees, stretches along

1615-490: Is no single regional culinary dish. Fish and wild game, such as walleye (pickerel) and moose , can be considered regional favourites. Roadside chip trucks are popular choices for meals for locals and tourists alike, and almost every community has at least one. Poutine , which originated in Quebec with early adoption in Northern Ontario, is a core dish at these and many other restaurants. Italian cuisine has had an influence on

1700-596: Is not politically part of the District of Sudbury — is the only census division in Northern Ontario where county-level services are offered by a local government rather than the province. A portion of the Nipissing District which lies south of the geographic dividing line between Northern and Southern Ontario is considered administratively and statistically part of Northern Ontario because of its status as part of Nipissing. As well, for administrative purposes,

1785-536: Is one of only two motorail services in North America. The town is also accessible via the Moosonee Airport , served with scheduled flights by Air Creebec , and Thunder Airlines , and cargo service through North Star Air . In the summer months floatplanes can land at Moosonee Water Aerodrome Moosonee is inaccessible by road. The nearest road outside of Moosonee ends at Otter Rapids which

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1870-591: Is still based primarily on natural resources and manufacturing. Yet, in the era of government cutbacks, Thunder Bay's economy has been less prone to recession and unemployment. Sudbury trades more readily into Southern Ontario, whereas Thunder Bay has closer trade ties to Manitoba and Minnesota . Under the staples thesis of Canadian economic history, Northern Ontario is a "hinterland" or "periphery" region, whose economic development has been defined primarily by providing raw natural resource materials to larger and more powerful business interests from elsewhere in Canada or

1955-603: Is that a politician who represents a Northern Ontario riding in the House of Commons of Canada or the Legislative Assembly of Ontario must typically maintain a much higher budget for travel and office expenses than one who represents a small urban district does. Ongoing high unemployment , lack of awareness of or concern for Northern Ontario's problems, and difficulties in achieving economic diversification have led to discontent amongst Northern Ontarians; throughout

2040-567: Is the dominant city in Northeastern Ontario, and Thunder Bay is the dominant city in Northwestern Ontario. These two regions are quite distinct from each other economically and culturally, and although the two regions are adjacent, their population centres are quite distant from each other. As a result, Sudbury and Thunder Bay are each the primary city in their part of the region but neither city can be said to outrank

2125-431: Is the third busiest airport in Ontario after Toronto Pearson International Airport and Ottawa Macdonald–Cartier International Airport , carrying some 600,000 passengers in 2004 with over 100 domestic flights and four international flights daily. Sudbury's economy, in which the largest sectors of employment are government-related fields such as education and health care, is somewhat more diversified than Thunder Bay's, which

2210-559: The 2011 election , the NDP retained nearly all of these seats with the exception of Sault Ste. Marie , where longtime incumbent MP Tony Martin was defeated despite that election's historic increase in NDP support nationwide; in the 2015 election , however, a resurgence of Liberal support under Justin Trudeau resulted in the Liberals regaining all of the region's seats except Timmins-James Bay and Algoma—Manitoulin—Kapuskasing , where

2295-574: The Canada 2021 Census , they are: It is important to note that in the Province of Ontario there are no requirements to become a city and the designation is voluntary. As a result, there are four towns in Northern Ontario that have a larger population than its smallest city Dryden . Until the City of Greater Sudbury was created in 2001, Thunder Bay had a larger population than the old city of Sudbury, but

2380-746: The Festival of the Sound in Parry Sound and the Red Rock Folk Festival in Red Rock. Many communities host festivals celebrating local ethnic groups such as French, Métis, First Nations, Finnish, and Italian. Other communities have celebrations of unique local heritage such as Kapuskasing's Lumberjack Days, Mattawa's Voyageur Days, Sioux Lookout's Blueberry Festival, Elliot Lake's Uranium Heritage Days, and Red Lake's Norseman Festival. Even

2465-614: The Legislative Assembly of Ontario . However, Harris himself was the only Conservative candidate elected in a true Northern Ontario riding in either the 1995 or 1999 elections (if the definition of Northern Ontario includes the Parry Sound District, then Harris was joined by Ernie Eves in Parry Sound—Muskoka). Following Eves' retirement from politics, Norm Miller was also elected in Parry Sound—Muskoka in

2550-531: The Liberal Party has traditionally taken the majority of the region's seats at both the federal and provincial levels. The New Democrats also have a significant base of support, thanks to Northern Ontario's history of labour unionism , support from First Nations communities, and the personal popularity of local NDP figures. Two Premiers of Ontario , William Hearst (1914–1919) and Mike Harris (1995–2002), represented Northern Ontario constituencies in

2635-580: The Ministry of Northern Development and Mines (whose head office is in Greater Sudbury). As well, many of Northern Ontario's major tourist attractions (e.g. Science North , Dynamic Earth , the Sault Locks , etc.) are agencies of the provincial or federal governments. Further, much of the funding available for economic development in Northern Ontario comes from government initiatives such as

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2720-605: The Province of Canada between 1840 and 1867. At the time of Canadian Confederation in 1867, the portion of Northern Ontario lying south of the Laurentian Divide was part of Ontario, whilst the portion north of the divide was part of the separate British territory of Rupert's Land . The province's boundaries were provisionally expanded northward and westward in 1874, whilst the Lake of the Woods region remained subject to

2805-502: The Regional Municipality of Sudbury was the larger Census Metropolitan Area as Sudbury had a much more populous suburban belt (including the city of Valley East , formerly the region's sixth-largest city.) However, as the former Regional Municipality of Sudbury is now governed as a single city, it is both the region's largest city and the region's largest CMA. Other municipalities in Northern Ontario include: Sudbury

2890-759: The Université de Hearst in Hearst, Kapuskasing and Timmins. All except Lakehead began as federated schools of Laurentian University, before being rechartered as independent universities at different times. The region also has six colleges: Confederation College in Thunder Bay, Sault College in Sault Ste. Marie, Northern College in Timmins, Canadore College in North Bay, and the anglophone Cambrian College and francophone Collège Boréal in Sudbury. Several of

2975-561: The 2010s calling on the province to create a new level of supraregional government that would give the Northern Ontario region significantly more autonomy over its own affairs within the province. In the 2013 Ontario Liberal Party leadership race , candidate Glen Murray similarly proposed a distinct level of supraregional government for Northern Ontario. The region is home to five universities: Lakehead University in Thunder Bay, Laurentian University in Sudbury, Nipissing University in North Bay, Algoma University in Sault Ste. Marie, and

3060-514: The 2012 closure of the local CBC Television and TVOntario repeaters. Ontera , formerly Ontario Northland Telecommunications, but now owned by Bell, provides telecommunications service in Moosonee ( NPA-NXX 705-336). Tourism agencies recommend the Polar Bear Express as a "great rail excursion" in summer, between Cochrane and Moosonee, to view the "hydroelectric dams, isolated homes and perhaps even some wildlife." No meal service

3145-739: The Albany River to Hudson Bay , was transferred to the province from the Northwest Territories by the Parliament of Canada in the Ontario Boundaries Extension Act, 1912. This region was originally established as the District of Patricia , but was merged into the Kenora District in 1937. The Province of Canada began creating judicial districts in sparsely populated Northern Ontario with

3230-516: The Hudson's Bay Company and the Moosonee post closed. The HBC also exited the fur trade and opened a retail store in Moosonee (now Northern Store, part of The North West Company ). With the end of the fur trade business, Moosonee's economy became centred on transportation. In 1962, Moosonee became the site of RCAF Station Moosonee that was part of NORAD 's Pinetree Line chain of radar stations. It closed in 1975 and some of its buildings were used by

3315-451: The Moose River normally occurs between late November and mid-December, with mean daily minimum January temperatures approximately −25 °C (−13 °F). Spring break-up, or spring thaw, usually occurs in April. Mean annual precipitation is 703.6 mm (27.70 in), and mean annual snowfall is 226.8 cm (89.3 in). Precipitation is somewhat higher in summer than at other times of

3400-547: The NDP incumbents were successfully re-elected. Major political issues in recent years have included the economic health of the region, the extension of Highway 400 from Parry Sound to Sudbury, issues pertaining to the quality and availability of health care services, mining development in the Ring of Fire region around McFaulds Lake, the closure of Ontario Northland , the Algo Centre Mall roof collapse of 2012, and

3485-518: The Northern Ontario School of Medicine, each was the first school of its type ever established in the region, as well as the first new school of its type launched in Ontario since the 1960s. Outdoor recreation is popular in the region year-round. In summer, fishing, boating, canoeing, ATVing, and camping are enjoyed by residents. Hunting remains popular in autumn, especially for moose, whitetail deer, and grouse, although goose hunting

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3570-419: The Ontario forest industry, and the perceived inaction by the provincial government, has in particular spurred support for the idea of secession. In particular, many residents feel that the industrial energy rate is too high to allow the industry to remain competitive. While also stopping short of advocating for full independence, Sudbury's Northern Life community newspaper published a number of editorials in

3655-468: The Town after the closure, including the base swimming pool and recreation centre. In 1968, the town was classified as a development area board. In November 2000, it was incorporated as the Town of Moosonee. The town is governed by a mayor and four councillors. As of 2023, the mayor is Wayne Taipale and the councillors are Theresa Chavez, Sheldon Ross, Diane Ryder, and Carman Tozer In the 2021 Canadian census conducted by Statistics Canada , Moosonee had

3740-651: The appointment of Thomas Farquhar to the Senate of Canada . In the 2008 federal election , the New Democratic Party won nearly every seat in the region, with the exception of Nipissing—Timiskaming , which was retained by its Liberal incumbent Anthony Rota , and Kenora , which was won by Conservative Greg Rickford . This sweep included several seats which were formerly seen as Liberal strongholds, including Sudbury , Algoma—Manitoulin—Kapuskasing , Thunder Bay—Rainy River and Thunder Bay—Superior North . In

3825-526: The area, forming joint ventures. While still in the exploration phase, there have been some exciting finds that could bring prosperity to the region and the First Nations communities in that area. New mining sites have also been investigated and explored in Sudbury, Timmins, Kirkland Lake, Elliot Lake and the Temagami area. In Chapleau , Probe Mines Limited is in the advanced stage of exploration and

3910-488: The banks of the Moose River near the much older Moose Factory to establish the Moose River Post . This Parisian furrier had ambitious plans to set up a chain of fur trading posts in direct competition with the Hudson's Bay Company , including five on James Bay . But it suffered a setback when their supply ship that carried all the provisions shipwrecked near Fort George (Chisasibi). The Revillon Frères Museum

3995-561: The city of Kenora have called for the city or the wider region to secede from Ontario and join Manitoba . A few residents throughout the region continue to suggest splitting all or part of the region into a separate province. The latter movement, known as the Northern Ontario Secession Movement, has begun to attract attention and support; most notably by the mayors of Kenora and Fort Frances. The crisis in

4080-410: The coastal road to the provincial highway system at Fraserdale , Kapuskasing or Hearst . Moosonee has a local radio station, CHMO 1450 AM, that is generally operated by volunteers, plus a rebroadcasting facility for CBC Radio One Northern Ontario from CBCS-FM Sudbury on 1340 AM. Most homes subscribe to either Creecable cable TV or a satellite TV service to receive their programming, following

4165-401: The colleges also have satellite campuses in smaller Northern Ontario communities. A large distance education network, Contact North , also operates from Sudbury and Thunder Bay to provide educational services to small and remote Northern Ontario communities. The Northern Ontario School of Medicine opened in 2005. Initially a joint faculty of Laurentian and Lakehead universities, it became

4250-468: The culture of Northeastern Ontario, with porchetta considered a culinary signature of Sudbury and Sault Ste. Marie, while Thunder Bay's food culture is distinctively Finnish, with the Hoito restaurant known internationally for its Finnish-style pancakes and other traditional Finnish dishes. Chinese Canadian restaurants have been common in every city and many smaller settlements in Northern Ontario since

4335-793: The demise of Northern Breweries , formerly the region's primary local brewery , in 2006, several new local craft brewers have emerged in the region, including Stack Brewing in Sudbury, OutSpoken Brewing and Northern Superior Brewing in Sault Ste. Marie, Sleeping Giant Brewing and Dawson Trail Craft Brewery in Thunder Bay, Lake of the Woods Brewing in Kenora, Manitoulin Brewing in Little Current, New Ontario Brewing Company in North Bay, and Full Beard Brewing in Timmins. CFS Moosonee Too Many Requests If you report this error to

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4420-473: The district of Muskoka. The statistical region has a land area of 806,000 km (311,000 sq mi) and constitutes 88 percent of the land area of Ontario, but with just 780,000 people, it contains only about six percent of the province's population. The climate is characterized by extremes of temperature, with very cold winters and hot summers. The principal industries are mining , forestry , and hydroelectricity . For some purposes, Northern Ontario

4505-558: The districts of Muskoka and Parry Sound are sometimes treated as part of Northern Ontario even though they are geographically in Southern or Central Ontario . In 2004, finance minister Greg Sorbara removed Muskoka from the jurisdictional area of the Ministry of Northern Development and Mines and the Northern Ontario Heritage Fund , to which it had been added in 2000 by his predecessor Ernie Eves , but

4590-453: The early 20th century, satisfying "the ubiquitous Northern demand for Chinese food," albeit often heavily Westernized. Although maple syrup is not produced in most of Northern Ontario, it is still made in some areas near North Bay, Sudbury, Manitoulin Island, and Sault Ste. Marie. St. Joseph Island near Sault Ste. Marie is noted for the large quantity of maple syrup produced there. Since

4675-556: The establishment of Algoma District and Nipissing District in 1858. These districts had no municipal function; they were created for the provision of judicial and administrative services from the district seat . Nipissing had no district seat until 1895. Up until that date, registry office and higher court services were available at Pembroke in Renfrew County. Nipissing Stipendiary Magistrate and land registrar William Doran established his residence at North Bay in 1885. Following

4760-567: The feasibility of Northern Ontario forming a new province. In the late 1970s, North Bay businessman and city councillor Ed Deibel formed the Northern Ontario Heritage Party to lobby for the formation of a separate province of Northern Ontario. The party attracted only modest support and folded in 1984, but was reestablished in 2010. Both the party's original and revived forms have varied their platforms at different times, sometimes advocating for full independence of

4845-512: The federal government's Federal Economic Development Initiative for Northern Ontario (FedNor) and the provincial Northern Ontario Heritage Fund . Over the past several years, there has been a renewed interest in mining exploration. McFaulds Lake in the James Bay Lowlands has attracted the attention of junior mining exploration companies. Since the 2003 investigation of the area for diamonds, some 20 companies have staked claims in

4930-415: The first and only time in Ontario's history that all three parties in the legislature were simultaneously led by Northern Ontario MPPs. The riding of Algoma East was represented federally by Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson from 1948 to 1968. Pearson was not from the district, however, but represented the district because it had been chosen as a safe seat for him to run in a 1948 by-election following

5015-670: The former James Bay General Hospital and the Weeneebayko Health Ahtuskaywin which operated Weeneebayko General Hospital in Moose Factory ). Payukotayno (pronounced pay-k-ta-no) Family Services provide child care and social assistance to Moosonee, Moose Factory, Attawapiskat First Nation , Fort Albany First Nation , Kashechewan First Nation and Peawanuck . Payukotayno is a recognized Ontario Children's Aid society and means 'one family' in Cree. As of 2020

5100-416: The hotly contested district town election in 1895, North Bay earned the right to become the district seat in the new Provisional District of Nipissing. After the creation of the province of Ontario in 1867, the first district to be established was Thunder Bay in 1871 which until then had formed part of Algoma District. The Ontario government was reluctant to establish new districts in the north, partly because

5185-567: The northern and western boundaries of Ontario were in dispute after Confederation . Ontario's right to Northwestern Ontario was determined by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in 1884 and confirmed by the Canada (Ontario Boundary) Act, 1889 of the Parliament of the United Kingdom . By 1899 there were seven northern districts: Algoma, Manitoulin, Muskoka, Nipissing, Parry Sound, Rainy River, and Thunder Bay. Five more northern districts were created between 1907 and 1922: Cochrane, Kenora, Sudbury, Temiskaming and Patricia. The Patricia District

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5270-453: The other as the principal economic centre of Northern Ontario as a whole. In fact, each city has a couple of distinct advantages that the other city lacks — Sudbury is at the centre of a larger economic sphere due to the city's, and Northeastern Ontario's, larger population but Thunder Bay is advantaged by air, rail and shipping traffic due to its prime location along major continental transportation routes. The Thunder Bay International Airport

5355-740: The post was supplied by scows from Pagwa on the National Transcontinental Railway coming down the Pagwachuan, Kenogami , and Albany Rivers . In 1932, the Temiskaming and Northern Ontario Railway was extended from Cochrane to Moose River Post, that was renamed at that time to Moosonee, derived from the Cree word môsonihk meaning "at the Moose [River]". In 1936, Revillon Frères sold its Canadian operations to

5440-424: The province continues to treat Parry Sound as a Northern Ontario division under both programs. The federal government continues to retain both more southerly districts in the service area of FedNor . All of Northeastern Ontario is within the Eastern (UTC −5) time zone ; Northwestern Ontario is split between the Eastern and Central (UTC −6) time zones. Northern Ontario has nine cities. In order of population as of

5525-401: The provincial government. For example, districts have provincially maintained secondary highways instead of county roads . Statistically, the districts in Northern Ontario (which appear in red on the location map) are Rainy River , Kenora , Thunder Bay , Cochrane , Timiskaming , Algoma , Sudbury , Nipissing and Manitoulin . The single-tier municipality of Greater Sudbury — which

5610-453: The region and other times lobbying for measures to increase the region's power over its own affairs within the province, including increasing the number of Northern Ontario electoral districts in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario and the creation of a special district for the region's First Nations voters. In 1999 the Northeastern Ontario Municipal Association, a committee consisting of the mayors of 14 Northern Ontario municipalities, wrote

5695-454: The region are almost all extremely large geographically. The federal electoral district of Sudbury and the provincial electoral districts of Sudbury and Sault Ste. Marie are the only ones that are comparable in size to an electoral district in Southern Ontario, while at the other extreme the districts of Kiiwetinoong and Mushkegowuk—James Bay are both geographically larger than the entire United Kingdom . One consequence of this, for example,

5780-413: The region are resource-based economies, whose economic health is very dependent on "boom and bust" resource cycles. Mining and forestry are the two major industries in the region, although manufacturing , transportation , public services and tourism are represented as well. After 2001, the major cities returned to patterns of modest growth in the censuses of 2006, 2011, 2016 and 2021, although many of

5865-424: The region may still be referred to as Nouvel-Ontario , although le Nord de l'Ontario and Ontario-Nord are now more commonly used.) Those areas which formed part of New France in the Pays d'en Haut , essentially the watersheds of the Ottawa River , Lake Huron and Lake Superior , had been acquired by the British by the Treaty of Paris (1763) and became part of Upper Canada in 1791, and then

5950-435: The region's history, there have been various movements proposing that the region secede from Ontario to form its own separate province or territory within Canada. The first to raise the issue of secession was Simon James Dawson in 1875, then the representative of the Algoma district in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. Then, a movement emerged in Sudbury in the 1890s, when the provincial government began taxing mines;

6035-450: The river front for nearly a mile northward from the residence of the inspector." Moose River Post (and Moose Factory) were prosperous but isolated. It was supplied only once per year by ship coming from Montreal around the Labrador Peninsula . Mail arrived only four times per year, twice by canoe and twice by toboggan. During World War I , Revillon Frères' chartered supply ship was requisitioned for war service. So from then on until 1932,

6120-481: The smaller towns saw further declines. The cities have, by and large, been very dependent on government-related employment and investment for their economic diversification. The Liberal government of David Peterson in the 1980s moved several provincial agencies and ministries to Northern Ontario, including the Ontario Lottery and Gaming Corporation (which maintains a large office in Sault Ste. Marie) and

6205-632: The smallest First Nations in the region will have an annual pow wow, which bring in many people from outside the community as well, although by far the largest and most famous powwow in the region is held in Wiikwemkoong on Manitoulin Island. In winter, many towns will host a winter carnival celebrating the cold weather; the largest of these is Sault Ste. Marie's Bon Soo Winter Carnival . As of 2017, LGBT pride events take place in Sudbury ( Sudbury Pride ), Thunder Bay ( Thunder Pride ), Sault Ste. Marie, North Bay, Timmins, Elliot Lake and Kenora. There

6290-474: The southern part of the province. Without this change, the region would have lost one Member of Provincial Parliament . For the 2018 election , the province further diverged from the federal electoral districts in the region, creating the special districts of Kiiwetinoong and Mushkegowuk—James Bay to accommodate the unique political concerns of the rural far north. Due to the region's relatively sparse population, federal and provincial electoral districts in

6375-416: The summer months and five days per week during the rest of the year. Moosonee station is located at the end of First Street and has a small station building, freight shed, diesel shed and an outdoor yard to store trains. Tickets are sold by phone or at the offices Cochrane, Moosonee, Moose Factory and Timmins . The train will stop on demand in some locations as part of the flag stop service. No meal service

6460-475: The traffic heading up north has been destined for the Victor Diamond Mine operated by De Beers Canada to the west of Attawapiskat. In January 2021, the 311 km (193 mi) James Bay Winter Ice Road was under construction, to connect Attawapiskat, Kashechewan, Fort Albany and Moosonee. It opened some time in winter 2021 and was said to accept loads up to 50,000 kilograms in weight. The road

6545-595: The transitional area that vary according to their respective government policies and requirements. Ontario government departments and agencies such as the Growth Plan for Northern Ontario and the Northern Ontario Heritage Fund Corporation define Northern Ontario as all areas north of, and including, the districts of Parry Sound and Nipissing for political purposes, and the federal but not the provincial government also includes

6630-521: The winter. There is no road connection to the community but flights are provided by Air Creebec and by Thunder Airlines , via Moosonee Airport . Moosonee is also the railhead of the Ontario Northland Railway where goods are transferred to barges and aircraft for transport to more northerly communities. Moosonee is not particularly far north, being located at 51°N—which is roughly the same latitude as Saskatoon and Calgary —but

6715-494: The world. Northern Ontario has had difficulty in recent years maintaining both its economy and its population. All of the region's cities declined in population between the censuses of 1996 and 2001. (This coincides with the discontinuation of the operation of the subsidized government airline norOntair in March 1996.) Although the cities have tried with mixed results to diversify their economies in recent years, most communities in

6800-415: The year. Severe thunderstorms can occur from time to time. Moosonee used to have a subarctic climate with a yearly mean temperature of −1.3 °C (29.7 °F), but due to global warming that temperature has risen to 0.1 °C (32.2 °F). The highest temperature ever recorded in Moosonee was 37.8 °C (100.0 °F) on 31 July 1975. The coldest temperature ever recorded, at (Moose Factory),

6885-499: Was not in service in 2009. In late 2009, members of the Moose Cree First Nation voted for the construction of a seasonal winter road south to Otter Rapids. During the winter, ice roads are plowed and maintained on the ice across the Moose River to Moose Factory and winter roads are maintained to the coastal First Nations communities of Fort Albany , Kashechewan and Attawapiskat . In recent years, much of

6970-410: Was operated by Kimesskanemenow LP, "a limited partnership between the four communities it connects". Feasibility studies have been undertaken on the construction of a permanent all-season road to the communities of Moosonee, Fort Albany, Kashechewan and Attawapiskat River . The project, if undertaken, will entail a "coastal road" connecting the four communities with each other, as well as a road to link

7055-509: Was recognized in 2013 with the Ontario Prospectors Association 2013 Ontario Prospector Award. Northern Ontario has generally been one of the weakest areas in all of Canada for both the federal Progressive Conservative and Conservative parties, as well as one of the weakest areas for the provincial Progressive Conservatives . Instead, partly due to the region's significant dependence on government investment ,

7140-478: Was then merged into the Kenora District in 1927. Unlike the counties and regional municipalities of Southern Ontario , which have a government and administrative structure and jurisdiction over specified government services, a district lacks that level of administration. Districts are too sparsely populated to maintain a county government system, so many district-based services are provided directly by

7225-608: Was −48.9 °C (−56.0 °F) on 24 January 1935. The town is billed as "a major transportation hub for Ontario’s Far North". As of 2020, the MV Niska 1 ferry was operating between Moosonee and Moose Factory island, carrying passengers and vehicles. The main method of access is by Ontario Northland Railway which reached the town in 1932 and which provides passenger and freight train service to Cochrane . Ontario Northland's Polar Bear Express train runs from Moosonee station to Cochrane station six days per week during

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