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87-586: Mangalore International Airport ( IATA : IXE , ICAO : VOML ) (also known as Mangaluru International Airport ) is an international airport serving the coastal city of Mangalore , India. It is one of only two international airports in Karnataka , the other being Kempegowda International Airport, Bangalore . Mangalore International Airport is the second busiest airport in Karnataka. In addition to domestic destinations, flights depart daily for major cities in

174-493: A few hundred combinations; a three-letter system of airport codes was implemented. This system allowed for 17,576 permutations, assuming all letters can be used in conjunction with each other. Since the U.S. Navy reserved "N" codes, and to prevent confusion with Federal Communications Commission broadcast call signs , which begin with "W" or "K", the airports of certain U.S. cities whose name begins with one of these letters had to adopt "irregular" airport codes: This practice

261-589: A hilly area, the airport is one of seven Indian airports designated as a "critical airfield" by the Directorate General of Civil Aviation , whose rules at critical airfields prohibit "supervised takeoffs and landings", i.e., only the captain (not the first officer) may pilot an aircraft during takeoff and landing. Both pilots had previous experience with this airport; Captain Glušica had landed at Mangalore 16 times, while First Officer Ahluwalia had flown to

348-567: A new airport is built, replacing the old one, leaving the city's new "major" airport (or the only remaining airport) code to no longer correspond with the city's name. The original airport in Nashville, Tennessee, was built in 1936 as part of the Works Progress Administration and called Berry Field with the designation, BNA. A new facility known as Nashville International Airport was built in 1987 but still uses BNA. This

435-595: A senior air safety investigator, a flight operations specialist, an aircraft systems specialist and technical advisers for Boeing and the Federal Aviation Administration . Captain Glušica was given clearance to land, but he suddenly aborted the attempted landing. The aircraft's throttle handle was found in the forward position, suggesting that the pilot had attempted to abort the landing and take off again. The co-pilot Ahluwalia had warned his commander three times to go around instead of landing;

522-504: A trial run of the terminal for domestic flights on 16 December 2009. On 15 May 2010, the terminal building was inaugurated by Civil Aviation Minister , Praful Patel , along with former Chief Minister of Karnataka , B. S. Yediyurappa . It was to be opened to air traffic on 1 July 2010, but it became operational on 2 August 2010 due to delays caused by the Air India Express Flight 812 accident . Since 1 September 2010,

609-406: A young girl who died on the way to hospital. The airport manager at Mangalore, Peter Abraham, confirmed that difficulties existed when trying to reach the plane. On 27 July 2010, the names of all the victims were inscribed on a memorial installed near the crash site, which was destroyed by vandals on 5 October 2010. "The plane broke in two", said one survivor, "and a dense black smoke invaded

696-509: Is GSN and its IATA code is SPN, and some coincide with IATA codes of non-U.S. airports. Canada's unusual codes—which bear little to no similarity with any conventional abbreviation to the city's name—such as YUL in Montréal , and YYZ in Toronto , originated from the two-letter codes used to identify weather reporting stations in the 1930s. The letters preceding the two-letter code follow

783-586: Is different from the name in English, yet the airport code represents only the English name. Examples include: Due to scarcity of codes, some airports are given codes with letters not found in their names: The use of 'X' as a filler letter is a practice to create three-letter identifiers when more straightforward options were unavailable: Some airports in the United States retained their NWS ( National Weather Service ) codes and simply appended an X at

870-513: Is in conjunction to rules aimed to avoid confusion that seem to apply in the United States, which state that "the first and second letters or second and third letters of an identifier may not be duplicated with less than 200 nautical miles separation." Thus, Washington, D.C. area's three airports all have radically different codes: IAD for Washington–Dulles , DCA for Washington–Reagan (District of Columbia Airport), and BWI for Baltimore (Baltimore–Washington International, formerly BAL). Since HOU

957-543: Is not followed outside the United States: In addition, since three letter codes starting with Q are widely used in radio communication, cities whose name begins with "Q" also had to find alternate codes, as in the case of: IATA codes should not be confused with the FAA identifiers of U.S. airports. Most FAA identifiers agree with the corresponding IATA codes, but some do not, such as Saipan , whose FAA identifier

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1044-483: Is over and above the ex-gratia payment announced by the Prime Minister. Additionally, Air India has said it would offer jobs to the survivors. As of 11 June 2010, ₹17 crore or ₹ 170 million (equivalent to ₹ 380 million or US$ 5 million in 2023) had been distributed as compensation to the families of the victims and to the eight survivors. Victims' families have become increasingly vocal as to

1131-416: Is used for William P. Hobby Airport , the new Houston–Intercontinental became IAH. The code BKK was originally assigned to Bangkok–Don Mueang and was later transferred to Suvarnabhumi Airport , while the former adopted DMK. The code ISK was originally assigned to Gandhinagar Airport (Nashik's old airport) and later on transferred to Ozar Airport (Nashik's current airport). Shanghai–Hongqiao retained

1218-648: The Adani Enterprises , for operations, management and development for the next 50 years. This airport is accredited by the Airports Council International (ACI) under the Airport Health Accreditation (AHA) programme. The first runway (09/27), 1,615 m (5,299 ft) long, was opened in 1951. It is a tabletop runway , with landing approaches presented with the extreme edges of a hillside. The edges of

1305-571: The Canadian transcontinental railroads were built, each station was assigned its own two-letter Morse code : When the Canadian government established airports, it used the existing railway codes for them as well. If the airport had a weather station, authorities added a "Y" to the front of the code, meaning "Yes" to indicate it had a weather station or some other letter to indicate it did not. When international codes were created in cooperation with

1392-456: The Directorate General of Civil Aviation (India) (DGCA) identified this as one of the 11 airports in India as unsafe. Addition of a runway end safety area, ensuring proper markings on the runway, and proper maintenance of the basic strip were among the improvements. The road to the new terminal reduces the distance between the city and the airport by about 8 km (5.0 mi). The airport had

1479-624: The Hajj . In 2011 and 2012 chartered flights landed at Mangalore International Airport and carried passengers from the old terminal building. The Mangalore Airport Director announced on 28 January 2016 that the Airports Authority of India have handed over 1,600 square metres (17,000 sq ft) of space at the old terminal building to the Indian Coast Guard to set up an air station for its air operations. The ICG proposed

1566-489: The Karnataka Police force, bomb squad, Karnataka Fire and Emergency Services , Karnataka State Reserve Police and all hospitals were working together to help out. The Central Industrial Security Force sent 150 personnel to Mangalore to help in the relief and rescue operations. Bodies of all of the deceased were recovered from the crash site on the day of the crash, with relatives of the deceased receiving 87 of

1653-670: The aircraft registration VT-AXV and manufacturer's serial number 36333, line number 2481. It first flew on 20 December 2007 with the Boeing test registration N1787B and was delivered to Air India Express in January 2008. The crew consisted of Captain Zlatko Glušica, First Officer Harbinder Singh Ahluwalia, and four flight attendants. Glušica, aged 55, was a British and Serbian national with over 10,000 hours of flying and over 7,500 hours of command experience (including 2,440 hours on

1740-481: The list of Amtrak station codes . Airport codes arose out of the convenience that the practice brought pilots for location identification in the 1930s. Initially, pilots in the United States used the two-letter code from the National Weather Service (NWS) for identifying cities. This system became unmanageable for cities and towns without an NWS identifier, and the use of two letters allowed only

1827-553: The Airports Authority of India commissioned a DGCA approved advanced automated air traffic management system, replacing the older system. The system enhances flight safety by providing flight plans, direction finders, and air-ground-data link messages. This system processes radar feeds from Bangalore, Chennai, and Thiruvananthapuram and displays them at Mangalore. Since 2011 the old terminal has been used for direct flights to Medina , Saudi Arabia , for pilgrims undertaking

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1914-475: The Boeing 737), and Ahluwalia, aged 40, was a former employee of Jet Airways who joined Air India Express in 2009, having logged 3,620 flight hours with 3,319 of them on the Boeing 737. Both pilots were based in Mangalore. The flight departed Dubai International Airport at 01:06 GST (21:06 UTC ). It crashed upon landing at Mangalore International Airport at 06:05 IST (00:35 UTC ). Situated in

2001-491: The CVR and FDR were presented to the court of inquiry. The CVR analysis revealed that one of the pilots was asleep in the cockpit. For 110 minutes, the CVR had picked up no conversation from the pilots, with the report adding that the sound of nasal snoring and deep breathing could be heard during this recording. The FDR analysis indicated that the flight started its final descent at an altitude of 4,400 feet (1,300 m), instead of

2088-606: The FY 2011-12 and witnessed a growth rate of 5.44%. According to the airport sources, it has a target of achieving 16 lac passengers traffic in the FY 2016–17. Air cargo complex of the airport was commissioned in the year 2013. Major commodities are fresh vegetables, chilled fish, ornamental fish , cashews , flowers and machinery parts. KSRTC ( Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation ) operates Airport low-floor Volvo bus services from Mangalore Central Railway Station and Manipal to Mangalore International Airport. Taxis ply between

2175-523: The IATA Airline Coding Directory. IATA provides codes for airport handling entities, and for certain railway stations. Alphabetical lists of airports sorted by IATA code are available. A list of railway station codes , shared in agreements between airlines and rail lines such as Amtrak , SNCF , and Deutsche Bahn , is available. However, many railway administrations have their own list of codes for their stations, such as

2262-533: The Middle East. The airport was named Bajpe Aerodrome, when it opened on 25 December 1951 by former Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru who arrived on a Douglas DC-3 aircraft. The airport is near Bajpe , around 13 km (8.1 mi) northeast of Mangalore city centre. It is on top of a hill, with two tabletop runways (09/27 and 06/24). Only two other airports in India have tabletop runways – Kozhikode and Lengpui . The very small and basic terminal

2349-474: The U.S. For example, several airports in Alaska have scheduled commercial service, such as Stebbins and Nanwalek , which use FAA codes instead of ICAO codes. Thus, neither system completely includes all airports with scheduled service. Some airports are identified in colloquial speech by their IATA code. Examples include LAX and JFK . Air India Express Flight 812 Air India Express Flight 812

2436-481: The United States, because "Y" was seldom used in the United States, Canada simply used the weather station codes for its airports, changing the "Y" to a "Z" if it conflicted with an airport code already in use. The result is that most major Canadian airport codes start with "Y" followed by two letters in the city's name (for example, YOW for O tta w a , YWG for W innipe g , YYC for C algar y , or YVR for V ancouve r ), whereas other Canadian airports append

2523-493: The aircraft because the road leading away from the airport perimeter to the crash site was very narrow and undulating. On day two, a transcript of the cockpit to ATC conversation was released, which indicated that the co-pilot had suggested a "go-around" after the pilot informed ATC that it was 'clear to land'. Doctors who conducted post mortem examinations on the bodies recovered recorded that most victims had died of burns. On day four Air India's flight safety officer informed

2610-415: The aircraft could have stopped within the paved overrun area of the runway. However, the captain had exacerbated the long landing by attempting a go-around following deployment of the thrust reversers. On 3 June 2010, the government of India appointed the former Vice Chief of Air Staff, Air Marshal Bhushan Nilkanth Gokhale, as head of a court of inquiry to investigate the air crash. The "Gokhale Inquiry"

2697-515: The aircraft's instruments had given repeated warnings of this. On 16 November 2010, five months after the court of inquiry was constituted, it submitted its report with input from the NTSB and Boeing, and stated that the cause of this accident was the captain's failure to discontinue the unstabilised approach despite three calls from the first officer to 'go around' and warnings from the enhanced ground proximity warning system. Additional factors included

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2784-407: The airport 66 times. The airport is one of three airports in India having table top runways (the others being Kozhikode and Lengpui ) that require heightened awareness and a very precise landing approach. After touching down on the 8,033-foot (2,448 m) runway 24 , the plane overran and crashed down the hill at its far end. The final conversations between air traffic control (ATC) and

2871-541: The airport and the city of Mangalore. Prepaid taxi service is available around the clock at the airport counter in the arrival hall. [REDACTED] Media related to Mangalore International Airport at Wikimedia Commons IATA airport code The assignment of these codes is governed by IATA Resolution 763, and it is administered by the IATA's headquarters in Montreal , Canada. The codes are published semi-annually in

2958-425: The airport handled a landmark 1.02 million passengers with 11,940 aircraft movements. The revenue for the same period was Rs 506.6 million, and it recorded an operating profit of Rs 164.9 million during 2012–13. In 2013–14 it handled a 1.25 million passengers with revenues of Rs 638.9 million. In July 2019, the central government approved leasing of the airport through public-private partnership (PPP) to

3045-614: The airport is charging a user development fee (UDF) of ₹ 150 (US$ 1.80) per passenger for domestic flights and ₹ 825 (US$ 9.90) for international flights. This fee was approved by the Civil Aviation Ministry . As of 15 May 2010, 26 domestic flights and 52 international flights were operated every week. The construction of a new air traffic control (ATC) tower was completed in June 2014, and commissioned for one-month trial on 19 January 2015. On 5 September 2013

3132-440: The airport itself instead of the city it serves, while another code is reserved which refers to the city itself which can be used to search for flights to any of its airports. For instance: Or using a code for the city in one of the major airports and then assigning another code to another airport: When different cities with the same name each have an airport, they need to be assigned different codes. Examples include: Sometimes,

3219-418: The airport's former name, such as Orlando International Airport 's MCO (for Mc C o y Air Force Base), or Chicago's O'Hare International Airport , which is coded ORD for its original name: Or char d Field. In rare cases, the code comes from the airport's unofficial name, such as Kahului Airport 's OGG (for local aviation pioneer Jimmy H ogg ). In large metropolitan areas, airport codes are often named after

3306-537: The bodies. After the rapid establishment of a special emergency information service, Praful Patel, the Indian Minister for Civil Aviation , arrived from New Delhi to be at the scene and the one-year-in-office celebrations of the UPA government 's second tenure were postponed. Patel was soon followed by Karnataka Chief Minister B. S. Yeddyurappa and Kerala Chief Minister V. S. Achuthanandan to take control of

3393-481: The cabin. I jumped out through an opening in the window. Six other passengers followed me. We fled, with the help of the inhabitants of the nearby village". Local villagers were among the first on the scene to help, while an estimated 15 fire trucks, 20 ambulances, and 100 rescue workers were immediately allocated to rescue operations. The Karnataka Western Range Inspector General of Police, Gopal Hosur, said that eight to ten people had been moved to hospitals and that

3480-536: The captain's prolonged sleep during flight, which could have led to sleep inertia and impaired judgment, and the aircraft being given descent clearance closer to the airport than normal due to the unserviceability of the Mangalore Area Control Radar. The flight crew did not plan the descent properly and was high on approach. As of January 2013 , the DGCA, AAI, Ministry of Aviation, and

3567-502: The code SHA, while the newer Shanghai–Pudong adopted PVG. The opposite was true for Berlin : the airport Berlin–Tegel used the code TXL, while its smaller counterpart Berlin–Schönefeld used SXF; the Berlin Brandenburg Airport has the airport code BER, which is also part of its branding. The airports of Hamburg (HAM) and Hannover (HAJ) are less than 100 nautical miles (190 km) apart and therefore share

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3654-541: The court noted that India was a signatory to the Montreal Convention: "It is clear that the intention of lawmakers was to bring about a parity in the matter of payment of compensation to the passengers, irrespective of class of travel, while providing for a 'two-tier system' of compensation as adopted in Montreal convention." The court further ruled that this was over and above any other compensation to which

3741-456: The court of inquiry began a three-day public hearing in Mangalore to interview airport officials and witnesses. On day one, airport and airline officials deposed that the aircraft had approached at an altitude higher than usual, and that it had landed beyond the landing zone (LDZ). They also mentioned that the airport's radar was operational from 20 May 2010. The airport chief fire officer testified that crash tenders had taken four minutes to reach

3828-484: The crash, at the time, had the highest number of fatalities involving the 737 family, which would later be outnumbered by the crash of Lion Air Flight 610 , which killed 189 people aboard. The crash of Flight 812 remains as the third deadliest air disaster in India's history behind Air India Flight 855 and the Charkhi Dadri mid-air collision . In addition to the six crew members, 160 passengers were on board at

3915-608: The devices. In direct response to the accident, the Government of India decided to set up an independent air accident enquiry board called the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) that would function independently of the DGCA. Effectively this meant that the DGCA would be the regulator and the CAA the investigator. The Director General of the DGCA said that it would be set up thorough legislation , and would comply with

4002-934: The end. Examples include: A lot of minor airfields without scheduled passenger traffic have ICAO codes but not IATA codes, since the four letter codes allow more number of codes, and IATA codes are mainly used for passenger services such as tickets, and ICAO codes by pilots. In the US, such airfields use FAA codes instead of ICAO. There are airports with scheduled service for which there are ICAO codes but not IATA codes, such as Nkhotakota Airport/Tangole Airport in Malawi or Chōfu Airport in Tokyo, Japan. There are also several minor airports in Russia (e.g., Omsukchan Airport ) which lack IATA codes and instead use internal Russian codes for booking. Flights to these airports cannot be booked through

4089-407: The estimated $ 70 million (about ₹320 crore or ₹3.2 billion). Initial investigations revealed that the plane landed at least 5,200 feet (1,600 m) beyond the usual touchdown point on Mangalore's new 8,000-foot (2,400 m) runway 24. A team of airline officials, staff and officials from the Airports Authority of India and officers of the Directorate General of Civil Aviation were rushed to

4176-946: The families of the dead. In addition to this, the Civil Aviation Ministry advised that the airline will provide up to ₹72 lakh or ₹ 7.2 million (equivalent to ₹ 16 million or US$ 193,530 in 2023) to family members of each victim as per the provisions of the Indian Carriage by Air (Amendment) Act which follows the Montreal Convention . The airline announced interim compensation of ₹10 lakh or ₹ 1 million (equivalent to ₹ 2.2 million or US$ 26,880 in 2023) for passengers above 12 years of age, ₹5 lakh or ₹ 500,000 (US$ 6,000) for passengers below 12 years of age, and ₹2 lakh or ₹ 200,000 (equivalent to ₹ 450,000 or US$ 5,400 in 2023) for every injured passenger. This compensation

4263-607: The first of these warnings had come 2.5 miles (4.0 km) before the runway threshold. The cockpit voice recorder (CVR) was recovered on 23 May, and the flight data recorder (FDR) two days later. The recorders were sent to New Delhi by the Directorate General of Civil Aviation for data acquisition and analysis and subsequently to the US NTSB for investigation. DGCA official Zaidi claimed "better data protection" while unnamed officials mentioned heavy damage to

4350-557: The first three letters of the city in which it is located, for instance: The code may also be a combination of the letters in its name, such as: Sometimes the airport code reflects pronunciation, rather than spelling, namely: For many reasons, some airport codes do not fit the normal scheme described above. Some airports, for example, cross several municipalities or regions, and therefore, use codes derived from some of their letters, resulting in: Other airports—particularly those serving cities with multiple airports—have codes derived from

4437-478: The following format: Most large airports in Canada have codes that begin with the letter "Y", although not all "Y" codes are Canadian (for example, YUM for Yuma, Arizona , and YNT for Yantai , China), and not all Canadian airports start with the letter "Y" (for example, ZBF for Bathurst, New Brunswick ). Many Canadian airports have a code that starts with W, X or Z, but none of these are major airports. When

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4524-597: The form of " YYZ ", a song by the rock band Rush , which utilizes the Morse code signal as a musical motif. Some airports have started using their IATA codes as brand names , such as Calgary International Airport (YYC) and Vancouver International Airport (YVR). Numerous New Zealand airports use codes that contain the letter Z, to distinguish them from similar airport names in other countries. Examples include HLZ for Hamilton , ZQN for Queenstown , and WSZ for Westport . Predominantly, airport codes are named after

4611-420: The government of India have not implemented the recommendations of the 812 crash inquiry committee. Work on runway lengthening has not started. The 812 Foundation, a Mangalore-based trust, has filed criminal charges for negligence against regulatory authorities and the airline. The regulatory authority and other organisations named in the petition are thinking of seeking anticipatory bail for their top officials, as

4698-425: The hill drop into a valley from a height of about 90 m (300 ft) to 9 m (30 ft)) within a short distance of just 500 m (1,600 ft) on the east of the runway and from about 83 m (272 ft) to 25 m (82 ft) on the western side. The runway was not level, with the height varying from 90 m (300 ft) to 83 m (272 ft) from east to west. Landing on this short runway

4785-546: The inequitable nature of compensation paid out by Air India, and also of the alleged hostile attitude of the airline's counsel. Members of the Democratic Youth Federation of India along with Kasargod MP P Karunkaran staged a protest on 8 September 2010 at the airline's office in Mangalore, where they submitted a memorandum to officials demanding that families of the victims receive early and equitable settlements of compensation due. They also demanded

4872-558: The inquiry that the aircraft's thrust lever and thrust reverse levers were both in the forward position, possibly indicating that the pilot intended to go around. The inquiry panel stated that information from the FDR would be released at the next hearing of the court of inquiry in New Delhi on 3 September 2010, and that of the CVR soon after. The court of inquiry would submit its report on 30 September 2010. On 8 September 2010, details from

4959-487: The international air booking systems or have international luggage transferred there, and thus, they are booked instead through the airline or a domestic booking system. Several heliports in Greenland have 3-letter codes used internally which might be IATA codes for airports in faraway countries. There are several airports with scheduled service that have not been assigned ICAO codes that do have IATA codes, especially in

5046-612: The name of the airport itself, for instance: This is also true with some cities with a single airport (even if there is more than one airport in the metropolitan area of said city), such as BDL for Hartford, Connecticut 's B ra dl ey International Airport or Baltimore's BWI, for B altimore/ W ashington I nternational Airport ; however, the latter also serves Washington, D.C. , alongside Dulles International Airport (IAD, for I nternational A irport D ulles) and Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport (DCA, for D istrict of C olumbia A irport). The code also sometimes comes from

5133-483: The new runway to reduce aircraft turnaround time. Union Minister of State for Civil Aviation Praful Patel announced on 15 May 2010 that a work order for extending the runway to 2,740 metres (9,000 ft) would be issued soon. After the crash of Air India Express Flight 812 , the minister reaffirmed on 30 May 2010 that the runway extension will take place and will take into account the spillover area required during an emergency. Safety improvements were implemented after

5220-426: The normal 2,000 feet (610 m). The aircraft also touched down at the 4,638-foot (1,414 m) mark on the runway instead of the 1,000-foot (300 m) mark, whereupon the pilot tried to take off with just 800 feet (240 m) of the runway remaining, which resulted in the crash. Both pilots had been aware of the wrong flight path since they are both heard saying, "Flight is taking wrong path and wrong side", while

5307-456: The one built soon after the crash near the crash site on 27 July 2010, but demolished by persons unknown a few months later. The inscription on the memorial reads ಈ ಸ್ಮಾರಕವನ್ನು ದಿನಾಂಕ 22-05-2010 ರಂದು ಮಂಗಳೂರು ಅಂತಾರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ವಿಮಾನ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣದಲ್ಲಿ IX 812 ವಿಮಾನ ಪತನಗೊಂಡು ಮರಣ ಹೊಂದಿದ್ದ ಪ್ರಯಾಣಿಕರು ಹಾಗು ಸಿಬ್ಬಂದಿಯವರ ನೆನಪಿಗಾಗಿ ಹೃತ್ಪೂರ್ವಕವಾಗಿ ಸಮರ್ಪಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ in Kannada on the left panel and This memorial

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5394-416: The one they are located in: Other airport codes are of obscure origin, and each has its own peculiarities: In Asia, codes that do not correspond with their city's names include Niigata 's KIJ , Nanchang 's KHN and Pyongyang 's FNJ . EuroAirport Basel Mulhouse Freiburg , which serves three countries, has three airport codes: BSL, MLH, EAP. Some cities have a name in their respective language which

5481-556: The petition seeks nonbailable arrest warrants against those responsible. The Prime Minister of India, Manmohan Singh , announced ₹2 lakh or ₹ 200,000 (equivalent to ₹ 450,000 or US$ 5,400 in 2023) for the families of the dead and ₹ 50,000 (US$ 600) for the injured to be allocated from the Prime Minister's National Relief Fund . Karnataka Chief Minister Yeddyurappa had also announced compensation of ₹ 200,000 (equivalent to ₹ 450,000 or US$ 5,400 in 2023) to

5568-593: The petitioners are entitled. Air India appealed this order in the Kerala High Court, and on 25 August 2011, the division bench stayed the single bench order on compensation of ₹75 lakh or ₹ 7.5 million (equivalent to ₹ 17 million or US$ 201,590 in 2023). However, on 5 September 2011, the Kerala High Court ordered Air India to pay an interim compensation of ₹10 lakh or ₹ 1 million (equivalent to ₹ 2.2 million or US$ 26,880 in 2023). The district administration on 27 May 2010 had buried

5655-453: The pilot prior to the landing showed initially no indication of distress, however, the final report revealed that First Officer Ahluwalia said, "go around captain," unknowingly transmitting this on the ATC frequency. India's Civil Aviation Minister , Praful Patel , said that the aircraft was following an instrument landing system (ILS) approach for landing on the newer, longer runway, which

5742-513: The recommendations of the International Civil Aviation Organization . The enquiry report submitted by the Civil Aviation Ministry said that Glušica slept for over 90 minutes during the flight. According to the NTSB, it was the first instance of snoring recorded on a CVR. Analysis of the accident revealed that had the pilot "deployed detent reverse thrust and applied maximum manual braking at touchdown",

5829-562: The remains of 12 unidentified and unclaimed victims at a plot on the banks of the Phalguni river belonging to the NMPT on Tannirbhavi Road, just after the exit of Kulur Bridge. A memorial for the victims of the disaster was built by NMPT and the AAI on this site along with a park, and was opened for the annual memorial service on 22 May 2018 the 8th anniversary of the crash. This memorial replaces

5916-569: The runway and hold, saving 10 to 15 minutes. The construction work on the parallel taxiway started on 1 November 2014 and though slated for completion in September 2016, only Phase I was completed by March 2017. Presently, it ranks 12 in the list of airports with international passenger traffic after Delhi , Mumbai , Chennai , Kochi , Bangalore , Hyderabad , Kolkata , Thiruvananthapuram , Ahmedabad , Kozhikode , Tiruchirappalli international airports. The airport had 8.91 lakh passengers in

6003-465: The runway and ploughed through a 90-metre (300 ft) sand arrestor bed, which did not stop it. As the aircraft passed the arrestor bed, its starboard wing collided with the concrete socket of the ILS localiser antenna; it finally plunged over the edge of the table-top about 790 feet (240 m) beyond the end of the runway and down the steep hillside, coming to a stop 660 to 980 feet (200 to 300 m) past

6090-446: The runway, falling down a hillside, and bursting into flames. Of the 166 passengers and crew on board, 158 were killed (all six crew members and 152 passengers); only eight survived. This was the first fatal accident involving Air India Express and, as of 2024, the deadliest. The accident involved was a Boeing 737-800NG(SFP), one of the few 737s with a short-field performance package for landing on airports with short runways, with

6177-506: The same first and middle letters, indicating that this rule might be followed only in Germany. Many cities retain historical names in their airport codes, even after having undergone an official name/spelling/transliteration change: Some airport codes are based on previous names associated with a present airport, often with a military heritage. These include: Some airports are named for an administrative division or nearby city, rather than

6264-430: The scene to investigate the accident and assist with rescue efforts. Boeing also announced that a team would be sent to provide technical assistance following a request from Indian authorities. The Directorate General of Civil Aviation ordered an inquiry into the crash, which began the same day. The US National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) also assisted the investigation by sending a team of specialists including

6351-494: The settlement process be made more transparent by opening it to the media rather than holding sessions in camera . On 20 July 2011, based on the petition filed by one of the victims, the Kerala High Court ruled that Air India was liable to pay a no-fault liability of one lakh (1,00,000) SDR or the Indian rupee equivalent of ₹75 lakh or ₹ 7.5 million (equivalent to ₹ 17 million or US$ 201,590 in 2023). In its ruling,

6438-405: The situation. The chairperson of the governing UPA, Sonia Gandhi , issued a message of grief and wished a "speedy recovery" to all. Patel took moral responsibility for the accident and offered to resign his post, an offer rejected by the Prime Minister of India, Manmohan Singh . Many countries and organisations expressed sorrow and condolences to the people of India over the crash. The accident

6525-500: The station code of Malton, Mississauga , where it is located). YUL is used for Montréal–Trudeau (UL was the ID code for the beacon in the city of Kirkland , now the location of Montréal–Trudeau). While these codes make it difficult for the public to associate them with a particular Canadian city, some codes have become popular in usage despite their cryptic nature, particularly at the largest airports. Toronto's code has entered pop culture in

6612-417: The stationing of two of its Dornier 228 aircraft at the air station. * Currently the apron is connected to the edge of runway 06, and aircraft movements on the apron have to be stopped when a plane lands and can only resume when it reaches the apron. A new 2,400-metre taxiway will be built parallel to the runway and join the runway ahead of the landing threshold, enabling aircraft on the apron to move towards

6699-459: The time of the crash. Although 169 names were on the original passenger list, nine did not board the flight. All the bodies were recovered from the wreckage. Karnataka Home Minister V. S. Acharya said eight people were initially reported to have survived, although one later died of his injuries —this was, however, refuted by an Air India spokesman, who confirmed that all initial survivors were alive. The confusion arose after firefighters rescued

6786-423: The top of the slope. Television footage from shortly after the crash showed the remains of the aircraft on fire and lying on its belly with smoke rising from the wreckage. The minister also stated that weather conditions were normal with a visibility of 3.7 miles (6.0 km), and said wind conditions were calm with no rain at the time of the crash. A drizzle started only after the accident. With 158 deaths,

6873-515: The two-letter code of the radio beacons that were the closest to the actual airport, such as YQX in Gander or YXS in Prince George . Four of the ten provincial capital airports in Canada have ended up with codes beginning with YY, including: Canada's largest airport is YYZ for Toronto Pearson (as YTZ was already allocated to Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport , the airport was given

6960-453: Was a charter flight for the Hajj pilgrims to Mecca , Saudi Arabia . From 2011 to 2012, the airport had a revenue of ₹ 426.4 million (equivalent to ₹ 800 million or US$ 9.6 million in 2023) and an operating profit of ₹ 87.6 million (equivalent to ₹ 170 million or US$ 2.0 million in 2023), up from ₹ 8.3 million (equivalent to ₹ 25 million or US$ 300,000 in 2023) in 2006–07. In 2012–13

7047-457: Was a scheduled international flight from Dubai International Airport , Dubai to Mangalore International Airport , Mangalore . On 22 May 2010, the Boeing 737-800 passenger jet operating the flight crashed on landing at Mangalore. The captain had continued an unstabilised approach , despite three calls from the first officer to initiate a "go-around", resulting in the aircraft overshooting

7134-405: Was commissioned in 2006. The pilot reported to ATC that it was 'established' on an ILS approach about 4.3 miles (6.9 km) from touchdown; landing clearance was then given at 2,000 feet (610 m) from touchdown. The aircraft concluded its ILS approach on runway 24, touching down 5,200 feet (1,600 m) from the start of the runway, leaving 2,800 feet (850 m) in which to stop. It overran

7221-401: Was considered difficult. Mangalore Airport was the first airport in Karnataka to have two runways and the first to have a runway made of concrete. The second runway (06/24), 2,450 m (8,038 ft) long, was opened on 10 May 2006. A Jet Airways flight from Bangalore with 95 passengers on board was the first to land on this runway. The airport has acquired land to build a taxiway parallel to

7308-404: Was granted the status of International Airport. Until 2005, the small 1,600 m (5,249 ft) runway meant the airport could only handle Boeing 737 -400 size aircraft. The longer runway now handles slightly larger aircraft. On 10 January 2006, an Airbus A319 of Kingfisher Airlines landed on the new runway. On 28 September 2012, an Airbus A310 landed for the first time at Mangalore. It

7395-472: Was predicted to cost the insurers and their reinsurers ₹350 crore to ₹400 crore (₹3.5 billion to ₹4 billion). Air India's insurer, a consortium led by Reliance General Insurance and comprising Bajaj Allianz , Iffco-Tokio , and HDFC Ergo , paid out US$ 20 million (about ₹90 crore or ₹900 million) in settlement of the hull loss, and by August 2010, the airline had already received $ 50 million U.S. dollars (about ₹230 crore or ₹2.3 billion), or 60 per cent of

7482-403: Was renovated in the early 2000s, adding parking controls, additional seating and additional cafés. The airport was initially used for limited domestic flights, mainly to Mumbai and Bangalore . The operation of international flights started in 2006 with Air India Express flying to Dubai . Mangalore Airport was a customs airport for six years, from 3 October 2006 to 3 October 2012, before it

7569-427: Was to investigate the reasons behind the crash and submit its findings by 31 August 2010, a deadline later extended by a month to 30 September 2010. The government also appointed four experts to this court of inquiry to assist in the investigation. The Court of Inquiry started its investigations by visiting the crash site on 7 June 2010, and visited all eight crash survivors to gather information. On 17 August 2010,

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