97-947: The Manila Observatory is a non-profit research institute housed on the campus of the Ateneo de Manila University in Quezon City , Philippines . It was founded by the Society of Jesus , commonly known as the Jesuits, in 1865 as the Observatorio Meteorológico del Ateneo Municipal de Manila . It was later renamed Observatorio Meteorológico de Manila . It has done weather forecasting and earthquake research and today researches seismic and geomagnetic phenomena as well as radio and solar physics . An article published in Diario de Manila by Jesuit Fr. Jaime Nonell led to
194-523: A 3-year term (1 July 2024-May 2027). On August 2, 2024, Ateneo welcomed female students in Grade 7 for the school year 2024-2025. It announced that by the school year 2029-2030, Basic Education from kindergarten to grade 12 will be fully co-educational. The Loyola School of Theology, affiliated with the university, offers baccalaureate, licentiate, and doctoral degrees in theology and pastoral ministry. Ateneo de Manila University provides education at
291-598: A 7.18% share or 1,794 out of total new lawyers. The school continues to consistently have the highest passing rate for first-time examinees, topping the 2020/2021 and 2022 Bar Examinations. Graduates of the Ateneo Law School have an average grade of 89.2 in the Philippine Bar Examination and the school has produced 23 top notchers in history, the second highest number of bar top notchers. The Professional Regulation Commission has ranked
388-457: A centralised organization and stressed acceptance of any mission to which the pope might call them. His main principle became the unofficial Jesuit motto: Ad Maiorem Dei Gloriam ("For the greater glory of God"). This phrase is designed to reflect the idea that any work that is not evil can be meritorious for the spiritual life if it is performed with this intention, even things normally considered of little importance. The Society of Jesus
485-540: A few key activities. First, they founded schools throughout Europe. Jesuit teachers were trained in both classical studies and theology , and their schools reflected this. These schools taught with a balance of Aristotelian methods with mathematics. Second, they sent out missionaries across the globe to evangelize those peoples who had not yet heard the Gospel , founding missions in widely diverse regions such as modern-day Paraguay , Japan, Ontario , and Ethiopia . One of
582-631: A long and very detailed account of the country and its religion as well as treatises in Tibetan that attempted to refute key Buddhist ideas and establish the truth of Catholic Christianity. Jesuit missions in the Americas became controversial in Europe, especially in Spain and Portugal where they were seen as interfering with the proper colonial enterprises of the royal governments. The Jesuits were often
679-612: A master's program in Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language. Ateneo also has joint master's programs with Queen Mary University of London and partnerships with Le Cordon Bleu , École supérieure des sciences commerciales d'Angers , Kyushu University , Regis University , and the University of Sydney . The university's Asian Peacebuilders Scholarship, in collaboration with the Nippon Foundation and
776-660: A new campus for the Graduate School of Business, Law School, and School of Government opened in Rockwell Center in 1998. Significant developments in the 2000s include the establishment of the Loyola Schools and completion of various educational and recreational facilities. The university continued to expand and innovate, launching the Pathways to Higher Education initiative in 2002, and establishing
873-504: A partner or comrade. From this came "Society of Jesus" (SJ) by which they would be known more widely. Religious orders established in the medieval era were named after particular men: Francis of Assisi (Franciscans); Domingo de Guzmán , later canonized as Saint Dominic (Dominicans); and Augustine of Hippo (Augustinians). Ignatius of Loyola and his followers appropriated the name of Jesus for their new order, provoking resentment by other orders who considered it presumptuous. The resentment
970-656: A place of study in Louvain (1614). This was the earliest foundation of what would later be called Heythrop College . Campion Hall , founded in 1896, has been a presence within Oxford University since then. 16th and 17th-century Jesuit institutions intended to train priests were hotbeds for the persecution of Catholics in Britain, where men suspected of being Catholic priests were routinely imprisoned, tortured, and executed. Jesuits were among those killed, including
1067-643: A sound footing, introducing the Tridentine Reforms and finding suitable men to fill vacant sees. He established a house of religious women in Limerick known as the Menabochta ("poor women" ) and in 1565 preparations began for establishing a school at Limerick. At his instigation, Richard Creagh , a priest of the Diocese of Limerick, was persuaded to accept the vacant Archdiocese of Armagh , and
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#17327721712741164-404: A special obedience to the sovereign pontiff in regard to the missions" to the effect that a Jesuit is expected to be directed by the pope " perinde ac cadaver " ("as if he was a lifeless body") and to accept orders to go anywhere in the world, even if required to live in extreme conditions. This was so because Ignatius, its leading founder, was a nobleman who had a military background. Accordingly,
1261-564: A time been predominantly Protestant, notably Poland and Lithuania . Today, Jesuit colleges and universities are located in over one hundred nations around the world. Under the notion that God can be encountered through created things and especially art, they encouraged the use of ceremony and decoration in Catholic ritual and devotion. Perhaps as a result of this appreciation for art, coupled with their spiritual practice of "finding God in all things", many early Jesuits distinguished themselves in
1358-645: Is a private , Catholic , teaching and research university, and a basic education institution located in Quezon City , Philippines . Established in 1859 by the Jesuits , it is among the oldest Jesuit-administered institutions of higher education in the Asia-Pacific. Ateneo de Manila is widely regarded as one of the leading universities in the Philippines , offering primary and secondary education , as well as undergraduate and graduate programs in
1455-657: Is a religious order of clerics regular of pontifical right for men in the Catholic Church headquartered in Rome. It was founded in 1540 by Ignatius of Loyola and six companions, with the approval of Pope Paul III . The society is engaged in evangelization and apostolic ministry in 112 nations. Jesuits work in education, research, and cultural pursuits. Jesuits also conduct retreats, minister in hospitals and parishes, sponsor direct social and humanitarian ministries, and promote ecumenical dialogue . The Society of Jesus
1552-649: Is a member of a Society founded chiefly for this purpose: to strive especially for the defence and propagation of the faith and for the progress of souls in Christian life and doctrine, by means of public preaching, lectures and any other ministration whatsoever of the Word of God, and further by means of retreats, the education of children and unlettered persons in Christianity, and the spiritual consolation of Christ's faithful through hearing confessions and administering
1649-418: Is classified among institutes as an order of clerks regular , that is, a body of priests organized for apostolic work, and following a religious rule. The term Jesuit (of 15th-century origin, meaning "one who used too frequently or appropriated the name of Jesus") was first applied to the society in reproach (1544–1552). The term was never used by Ignatius of Loyola, but over time, members and friends of
1746-791: Is consecrated under the patronage of Madonna della Strada , a title of the Blessed Virgin Mary , and it is led by a superior general . The headquarters of the society, its general curia , is in Rome. The historic curia of Ignatius is now part of the Collegio del Gesù attached to the Church of the Gesù , the Jesuit mother church . Members of the Society of Jesus make profession of "perpetual poverty, chastity, and obedience" and "promise
1843-558: Is granted to Electronics Engineering, Environmental Science, Communication, History, Literature (Filipino) and Political Science. Ateneo's academic programs are accredited at Level IV by CHED and the Philippine Accrediting Association of Schools, Colleges and Universities (PAASCU). The Legal Education Board has ranked the Ateneo de Manila School of Law as the top law school in the past decade, producing
1940-452: Is its partnership with Gawad Kalinga, focusing on community-building and rehabilitation efforts in various regions. The Ugat Foundation, which supports grassroots families, is also hosted by Ateneo de Manila University. Ateneo collaborates with various global institutions, facilitating exchange programs for students and faculty. It partners with Sun Yat-sen University for a Confucius Institute that offers Mandarin language courses and
2037-555: Is one of a select few universities in the country to receive this status. The university is organized into twelve schools, divided between the higher education and basic education units. Each unit is managed by a vice president. Ateneo's higher education unit comprises nine schools: the School of Humanities, the John Gokongwei School of Management, the School of Science and Engineering, the School of Social Sciences,
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#17327721712742134-556: Is overseen by a board of trustees , chaired by Bernadine T. Siy. The president, currently Roberto Yap , leads the central administration. The university's structure includes vice presidents for social development, university and global relations, finance, and administration and human resources. Ateneo de Manila has been granted autonomous status by the Philippine Commission on Higher Education (CHED) since 2001, granting it flexibility in introducing new programs. It
2231-505: Is ranked fourth in the Philippines by the Webometrics Ranking of World Universities and third by EduRank . The university has 11 Centers of Excellence (CoE) and 6 Centers of Development (CoD) as recognized by CHED. The CoE status is given to Literature (English), Philosophy, Business Administration, Entrepreneurship, Biology, Chemistry, Information Technology, Mathematics, Physics, Psychology and Sociology. The CoD status
2328-659: Is the first museum of modern art in the Philippines. It is housed in the Arts Wing of the Areté and features a collection of modern and contemporary Filipino art . The University Archives, located in Faber Hall, preserve the historical records and documents of Ateneo de Manila University. They support research on the university's history and administrative functions. Ateneo de Manila University offers on-campus housing through several residence halls: Cervini Hall, Eliazo Hall,
2425-584: Is the founding document of the Society of Jesus as an official Catholic religious order. Ignatius was chosen as the first Superior General . Paul III's bull had limited the number of its members to sixty. This limitation was removed through the bull Exposcit debitum of Julius III in 1550. In 1543, Peter Canisius entered the Company. Ignatius sent him to Messina, where he founded the first Jesuit college in Sicily . Ignatius laid out his original vision for
2522-921: The Spiritual Exercises to help others follow the teachings of Jesus Christ . On 15 August 1534, Ignatius of Loyola (born Íñigo López de Loyola), a Spaniard from the Basque city of Loyola , and six others mostly of Castilian origin, all students at the University of Paris , met in Montmartre outside Paris, in a crypt beneath the church of Saint Denis , now Saint Pierre de Montmartre , to pronounce promises of poverty, chastity, and obedience. Ignatius' six companions were: Francisco Xavier from Navarre ( modern Spain ), Alfonso Salmeron , Diego Laínez , Nicolás Bobadilla from Castile ( modern Spain ), Peter Faber from Savoy , and Simão Rodrigues from Portugal . The meeting has been commemorated in
2619-600: The Church of the Gesù in the Loyola Heights campus in July 2002. In 2003, the Ateneo formalized its partnership with Gawad Kalinga for university-wide social action. The Manuel V. Pangilinan Center for Student Leadership opened in 2006, and the Ateneo School of Medicine and Public Health began operations in 2007. In recent years, significant events include the shooting incident in July 2022 that led to
2716-696: The Counter-Reformation and, later, in the implementation of the Second Vatican Council . Jesuit missionaries established missions around the world from the 16th to the 18th century and had both successes and failures in Christianizing the native peoples. The Jesuits have always been controversial within the Catholic Church and have frequently clashed with secular governments and institutions. Beginning in 1759,
2813-728: The First Nations and Native American languages they had learned. For instance, before his death in 1708, Jacques Gravier , vicar general of the Illinois Mission in the Mississippi River valley, compiled a Miami–Illinois –French dictionary , considered the most extensive among works of the missionaries. Extensive documentation was left in the form of The Jesuit Relations , published annually from 1632 until 1673. Whereas Jesuits were active in Britain in
2910-732: The Holy See . This started systemic observation of the Philippine weather. The institute was founded and led by Jesuit cleric Federico Faura. It started issuing warnings on typhoons in 1879, and the next year earthquake observations. In 1884 the Spanish government recognized the observatory as the official institution for weather forecasting in the Philippines . It started its time service in 1885, seismology in 1887, and astronomy in 1899. The American colonial government established
3007-519: The Kangxi Emperor and many Jesuit converts that Chinese veneration of ancestors and Confucius was a nonreligious token of respect, Pope Clement XI 's papal decree Cum Deus Optimus ruled that such behavior constituted impermissible forms of idolatry and superstition in 1704; his legate Tournon and Bishop Charles Maigrot of Fujian, tasked with presenting this finding to the Kangxi Emperor , displayed such extreme ignorance that
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3104-556: The Liturgy of Hours in common) allowed them to be flexible and meet diverse needs arising at the time. After much training and experience in theology, Jesuits went across the globe in search of converts to Christianity. Despite their dedication, they had little success in Asia, except in the Philippines . For instance, early missions in Japan resulted in the government granting the Jesuits
3201-691: The Martyrium of Saint Denis, Montmartre . They called themselves the Compañía de Jesús , and also Amigos en El Señor or "Friends in the Lord", because they felt "they were placed together by Christ." The name "company" had echoes of the military (reflecting perhaps Ignatius' background as Captain in the Spanish army) as well as of discipleship (the "companions" of Jesus). The Spanish "company" would be translated into Latin as societas like in socius ,
3298-621: The Petrine primacy and the priority of the Mass amongst the sacraments with his students and congregation, and that his sermons should emphasize obedience to secular princes if he wished to avoid arrest. The number of scholars in their care was very small. An early example of a school play in Ireland is sent in one of Good's reports, which was performed on the Feast of St. John in 1566. The school
3395-494: The Protestant Reformation throughout Catholic Europe. Ignatius and the early Jesuits did recognize, though, that the hierarchical church was in dire need of reform. Some of their greatest struggles were against corruption, venality , and spiritual lassitude within the Catholic Church. Ignatius insisted on a high level of academic preparation for the clergy in contrast to the relatively poor education of much of
3492-629: The Scholastic structure of Catholic thought. This method of teaching was important in the context of the Scientific Revolution, as these universities were open to teaching new scientific and mathematical methodology. Further, many important thinkers of the Scientific Revolution were educated by Jesuit universities. In addition to the teachings of faith , the Jesuit Ratio Studiorum (1599) would standardize
3589-485: The Spiritual Exercises . During a four-week period of silence, individuals undergo a series of directed meditations on the purpose of life and contemplations on the life of Christ. They meet regularly with a spiritual director who guides their choice of exercises and helps them to develop a more discerning love for Christ. The retreat follows a "Purgative-Illuminative-Unitive" pattern in the tradition of
3686-581: The University for Peace , trains students in peacebuilding , awarding degrees from both Ateneo and UPEACE. Ateneo de Manila University's largest library is the Rizal Library, which is split into the Old and New Rizal Libraries. The New Rizal Library, inaugurated in November 2009, contains the circulation section, technical services, and modern study areas. The Ateneo Art Gallery, established in 1960,
3783-530: The eleventh and twelfth grades since 2013 and became co-educational in 2016. The ASHS provides all four academic strands of the K-12 program: Accountancy and Business Management; Humanities and Social Sciences; Science and Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics; and the General Academic strand. In May, 2024, Fr. Roberto Yap appointed Rosanna “Sansan” M. Borja as Senior High School Principal for
3880-403: The humanities , social sciences , natural sciences , engineering , and business . The university provides professional degrees through the Graduate School of Business, the School of Government, the School of Medicine and Public Health, and Ateneo Law School. It follows a Jesuit tradition of liberal arts education, emphasizing the humanities at all educational levels. The Jesuits returned to
3977-522: The 16th and 17th centuries introduced Western science and astronomy, then undergoing its own revolution , to China. The scientific revolution brought by the Jesuits coincided with a time when scientific innovation had declined in China: [The Jesuits] made efforts to translate western mathematical and astronomical works into Chinese and aroused the interest of Chinese scholars in these sciences. They made very extensive astronomical observation and carried out
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4074-594: The 16th century, due to the persecution of Catholics in the Elizabethan times, an English province was only established in 1623. The first pressing issue for early Jesuits in what today is the United Kingdom was to establish places for training priests. After an English College was opened in Rome (1579), a Jesuit seminary was opened at Valladolid (1589), then one in Seville (1592), which culminated in
4171-538: The Asia-Pacific region. The school was ranked 25th by citation impact factor, with a total of 7 citations scoring 1.17 impact factor. Eduniversal ranked the Ateneo Graduate School of Business as one of the top business schools in the country, ranking 3rd with 3 Palmes of Excellence in 2021. Ateneo houses numerous research centers focusing on disaster risk reduction, public education, human migration, and governance, among other fields. These include
4268-731: The Ateneo Center for Continuing Education. The Ateneo School of Medicine and Public Health is located at the Don Eugenio López Sr. Medical Complex in Ortigas Center , Pasig , alongside its partner hospital, The Medical City . During the COVID-19 pandemic , Ateneo launched the Ateneo Blue Cloud, a virtual campus providing online , blended , and face-to-face learning materials. The university
4365-513: The Ateneo Center for Economic Research and Development, the Institute of Philippine Culture, and the Manila Observatory . Ateneo de Manila University integrates social engagement into its curriculum at all levels. Key initiatives include the Ateneo-Mangyan Project for Understanding and Development, the Bigay Puso program, and house-building activities with Gawad Kalinga . These projects aim to promote social responsibility and leadership among students. The university's main social action program
4462-416: The Ateneo School of Medicine and Public Health as the best performing medical school in the Philippines in 2019, as the school had a 100% passing rate in the Philippine Physician Licensure Examination out of 133 examinees. The Ateneo School of Government has been ranked as one of the top public policy schools and is the only Philippine institution listed in the first-ever ranking of public-policy schools in
4559-429: The Catholic Church expelled Jesuits from most countries in Europe and from European colonies. Pope Clement XIV officially suppressed the order in 1773. In 1814, the Church lifted the suppression. Ignatius of Loyola , a Basque nobleman from the Pyrenees area of northern Spain, founded the society after discerning his spiritual vocation while recovering from a wound sustained in the Battle of Pamplona . He composed
4656-413: The Ermita site. Fr. Pacifico Ortiz, SJ became the first Filipino president of the university on September 25, 1969. During his tenure, the Graduate School was divided into the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences and what would later become the Graduate School of Business. In 1968, Ateneo co-founded the Asian Institute of Management . Female students were first admitted to the college in 1973. By 1976,
4753-400: The Gokongwei Brothers School of Education and Learning Design, the Graduate School of Business, the Ateneo School of Law, the Ateneo School of Medicine and Public Health, and the Ateneo School of Government. The Ateneo de Manila Grade School (AGS) offers elementary education and was the university's first unit. The school transitioned to co-education in the 2024–25 academic year. The AGS
4850-420: The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences had moved to Loyola Heights, and the Padre Faura campus was closed in 1977. In the 1970s, Ateneo students became active in protests against martial law , and many participated in the People Power Revolution in 1986. In 1991, the Ateneo Law School became the first in the country to offer the Juris Doctor degree. The School of Government was established in 1996, and
4947-480: The Institute of Philippine Culture and the Manila Observatory . Athletic facilities include the Blue Eagle Gym and the Moro Lorenzo Sports Center. The campus also hosts the Church of the Gesù and multiple chapels. The university is home to the largest Jesuit community in the Philippines. The Rockwell Center in Makati houses the School of Law and the Graduate School of Business, among other units. The Salcedo Village campus contains various facilities, including
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#17327721712745044-532: The Japanese Language", a Japanese–Portuguese dictionary written 1603); Vietnamese (Portuguese missionaries created the Vietnamese alphabet , which was later formalized by Avignon missionary Alexandre de Rhodes with his 1651 trilingual dictionary ); Tupi (the main language of Brazil); and the pioneering study of Sanskrit in the West by Jean François Pons in the 1740s. Jesuit missionaries were active among indigenous peoples in New France in North America, many of them compiling dictionaries or glossaries of
5141-429: The Philippines in the 19th century and took over a small private school in Manila , renaming it the Ateneo Municipal de Manila in 1859. Initially situated in Intramuros , the school moved to Ermita after the original campus was destroyed by fire in 1932. However, it was again destroyed during the Battle of Manila in 1945. Post-World War II, the university relocated to Loyola Heights, Quezon City , and eventually sold
5238-412: The Pope, and the Ottoman Empire , had rendered any journey to Jerusalem impossible. Again in 1540, they presented the project to Paul III. After months of dispute, a congregation of cardinals reported favourably upon the Constitution presented, and Paul III confirmed the order through the bull Regimini militantis ecclesiae ("To the Government of the Church Militant"), on 27 September 1540. This
5335-436: The Portuguese Province to agree a surety for the ransom of Wolfe, who was quickly banished on release. Daniel returned to Ireland the following year, but was immediately captured and incriminating documents were found on his person, which were taken as proof of his involvement with the rebellious cousin of the Earl of Desmond , James Fitzmaurice and a Spanish plot. He was removed from Limerick, taken to Cork "just as if he were
5432-459: The University Dormitory–North Tower, the University Dormitory–South Tower, and the International Residence Hall. These facilities provide accommodations for both undergraduate and graduate students. Society of Jesus The Society of Jesus ( Latin : Societas Iesu ; abbreviation: SJ ), also known as the Jesuit Order or the Jesuits ( / ˈ dʒ ɛ ʒ u ɪ t s , ˈ dʒ ɛ zj u -/ JEZH -oo-its, JEZ -ew- ; Latin: Iesuitae ),
5529-400: The call for the society's suppression. Jesuit priests such as Manuel da Nóbrega and José de Anchieta founded several towns in Brazil in the 16th century, including São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro , and were very influential in the pacification, religious conversion , and education of indigenous nations. They also built schools, organized people into villages, and created a writing system for
5626-456: The cancellation of the law school's graduation ceremonies, and the consolidation of the university's higher education units in October 2022. Ateneo de Manila's main campus is located in Loyola Heights , Quezon City , covering 83 hectares (210 acres). It houses the university’s primary, secondary, and tertiary education units, along with various research centers and institutes. The Loyola Heights campus, adjacent to Miriam College , includes
5723-430: The city for eight months, before moving to Kilmallock in December 1565 under the protection of the Earl of Desmond, where they lived in more comfort than the primitive conditions they experienced in the city. However they were unable to support themselves at Kilmallock and three months later they returned to the city in Easter 1566, and strangely set up their house in accommodation owned by the Lord Deputy of Ireland, which
5820-436: The city in very bad health, but had recovered due to the kindness of the people. They established contact with Wolfe, but were only able to meet with him at night, as the English authorities were attempting to arrest the legate. Wolfe charged them initially with teaching to the boys of Limerick, with an emphasis on religious instruction, and Good translated the catechism from Latin into English for this purpose. They remained in
5917-410: The clergy of his time. The Jesuit vow against "ambitioning prelacies" can be seen as an effort to counteract another problem evidenced in the preceding century. Ignatius and the Jesuits who followed him believed that the reform of the church had to begin with the conversion of an individual's heart. One of the main tools the Jesuits have used to bring about this conversion is the Ignatian retreat, called
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#17327721712746014-440: The emperor mandated the expulsion of Christian missionaries unable to abide by the terms of Ricci's Chinese catechism. Tournon's summary and automatic excommunication for any violators of Clement's decree – upheld by the 1715 bull Ex Illa Die – led to the swift collapse of all the missions in China; the last Jesuits were finally expelled after 1721. The first Jesuit school in Ireland
6111-449: The end of 1568 the Anglican Bishop of Meath, Hugh Brady , was sent to Limerick charged with a Royal Commission to seek out and expel the Jesuits. Daniel was immediately ordered to quit the city and went to Lisbon, where he resumed his studies with the Portuguese Jesuits. Good moved on to Clonmel , before establishing himself at Youghal until 1577. In 1571, after Wolfe had been captured and imprisoned at Dublin Castle , Daniel persuaded
6208-428: The feudal fiefdom of Nagasaki in 1580. This was removed in 1587 due to fears over their growing influence. Jesuits did, however, have much success in Latin America. Their ascendancy in societies in the Americas accelerated during the seventeenth century, wherein Jesuits created new missions in Peru , Colombia , and Bolivia ; as early as 1603, there were 345 Jesuit priests in Mexico alone. Francis Xavier , one of
6305-440: The first Roman-style academic institution in the East, St. Paul Jesuit College in Macau , China. Founded by Alessandro Valignano , it had a great influence on the learning of Eastern languages (Chinese and Japanese) and culture by missionary Jesuits, becoming home to the first western sinologists such as Matteo Ricci . Jesuit efforts in Goa were interrupted by the expulsion of the Jesuits from Portuguese territories in 1759 by
6402-553: The first modern cartographic work in China. They also learned to appreciate the scientific achievements of this ancient culture and made them known in Europe. Through their correspondence, European scientists first learned about the Chinese science and culture. For over a century, Jesuits such as Michele Ruggieri , Matteo Ricci , Diego de Pantoja , Philippe Couplet , Michal Boym , and François Noël refined translations and disseminated Chinese knowledge , culture , history , and philosophy to Europe. Their Latin works popularized
6499-404: The grade school, high school, and college. It features facilities such as the Henry Lee Irwin Theater, the Science Education Complex, and the John Gokongwei School of Management Complex. In 2018, the university inaugurated the Areté, a creative hub that includes the Ateneo Art Gallery , theaters, and collaborative spaces. The Rizal Library and several research centers are located here, including
6596-1206: The ionosphere. In 1963 it was transferred to the Loyola Heights campus of Ateneo de Manila University where it continues its studies into seismology , geomagnetism , and radio physics , among other areas of research. The observatory is mainly composed of two units: administration and research. Administration is primarily composed of General Administration, Accounting, Human Resource , and Physical Facilities and Supplies. Research programs include Climate Change Assistance, Geomatics for Environment and Development, Instrumentation and Technology, Regional Climate Systems, Solid Earth Dynamics, Air Quality Dynamics, and Special Research Projects. The observatory's recent special research projects are: Climate Change Adaptation – Disaster Risk Management and Co-benefits of Climate Change Mitigation . Ateneo de Manila University Salcedo Village, Makati , Metro Manila, Philippines Rockwell Center , Makati, Metro Manila, Philippines Ortigas Center , Pasig , Metro Manila, Philippines Ateneo de Manila University ( Filipino : Pamantasang Ateneo de Manila ; Spanish : Universidad Ateneo de Manila ), commonly referred to as Ateneo de Manila or Ateneo ,
6693-442: The late Renaissance were significant in their roles both as a missionary order and as the first religious order to operate colleges and universities as a principal and distinct ministry. By the time of Ignatius' death in 1556, the Jesuits were already operating a network of 74 colleges on three continents. A precursor to liberal education , the Jesuit plan of studies incorporated the Classical teachings of Renaissance humanism into
6790-415: The local languages of Brazil. José de Anchieta and Manuel da Nóbrega were the first Jesuits that Ignacio de Loyola sent to the Americas. Jesuit scholars working in foreign missions were very dedicated in studying the local languages and strove to produce Latinized grammars and dictionaries . This included: Japanese (see Nippo jisho , also known as Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam , "Vocabulary of
6887-419: The name " Confucius " and had considerable influence on the Deists and other Enlightenment thinkers, some of whom were intrigued by the Jesuits' attempts to reconcile Confucian morality with Catholicism . Upon the arrival of the Franciscans and other monastic orders, Jesuit accommodation of Chinese culture and rituals led to the long-running Chinese Rites controversy . Despite the personal testimony of
6984-786: The namesake of Campion Hall, as well as Brian Cansfield, Ralph Corbington , and many others. A number of them were canonized among the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales . Four Jesuit churches remain today in London alone, with three other places of worship remaining extant in England and two in Scotland . The Jesuits first entered China through the Portuguese settlement on Macau , where they settled on Green Island and founded St. Paul's College . The Jesuit China missions of
7081-485: The new order in the "Formula of the Institute of the Society of Jesus", which is "the fundamental charter of the order, of which all subsequent official documents were elaborations and to which they had to conform". He ensured that his formula was contained in two papal bulls signed by Pope Paul III in 1540 and by Pope Julius III in 1550. The formula expressed the nature, spirituality, community life, and apostolate of
7178-726: The new religious order. Its famous opening statement echoed Ignatius' military background: Whoever desires to serve as a soldier of God beneath the banner of the Cross in our Society, which we desire to be designated by the Name of Jesus, and to serve the Lord alone and the Church, his spouse, under the Roman Pontiff, the Vicar of Christ on earth, should, after a solemn vow of perpetual chastity, poverty and obedience, keep what follows in mind. He
7275-728: The observatory in 1901 as the Philippine Weather Bureau, which expanded into meteorology , astronomy , and geomagnetism . The work of the bureau was interrupted by the Second World War . During the Battle of Manila , all of the instruments and important documents of the bureau were destroyed, and it ceased to function. A specific government agency was established in its place. The observatory resumed operation in 1951 in Baguio , mainly for studies on seismology and
7372-466: The observatory's establishment. The article described Jesuit Fr. Francisco Colina's observations of a typhoon in September 1865 and led the public to ask Jesuit superior Juan Vidal for the observations to be continued. After initial hesitation on the part of the Jesuits because of the primitive instruments available, the superior yielded upon the promise of a Secchi Universal Meteorograph purchased from
7469-504: The only force standing between the Indigenous and slavery . Together throughout South America but especially in present-day Brazil and Paraguay , they formed Indigenous Christian city-states, called " reductions ". These were societies set up according to an idealized theocratic model. The efforts of Jesuits like Antonio Ruiz de Montoya to protect the natives from enslavement by Spanish and Portuguese colonizers would contribute to
7566-402: The opening lines of the founding document declared that the society was founded for "whoever desires to serve as a soldier of God, to strive especially for the defense and propagation of the faith, and for the progress of souls in Christian life and doctrine". Jesuits are thus sometimes referred to colloquially as "God's soldiers", "God's marines", or "the Company". The society participated in
7663-705: The opposition; there were already congregations named after the Trinity and as "God's daughters". In 1537, the seven travelled to Italy to seek papal approval for their order . Pope Paul III gave them a commendation, and permitted them to be ordained priests. These initial steps led to the official founding in 1540. They were ordained in Venice by the bishop of Arbe (24 June). They devoted themselves to preaching and charitable work in Italy . The Italian War of 1536–1538 renewed between Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor , Venice,
7760-595: The original companions of Loyola , arrived in Goa ( Portuguese India ) in 1541 to carry out evangelical service in the Indies. In a 1545 letter to John III of Portugal, he requested an Inquisition to be installed in Goa to combat heresies like crypto-Judaism and crypto-Islam. Under Portuguese royal patronage , Jesuits thrived in Goa and until 1759 successfully expanded their activities to education and healthcare. In 1594 they founded
7857-614: The original seven arrived in India already in 1541. Finally, though not initially formed for the purpose, they aimed to stop Protestantism from spreading and to preserve communion with Rome and the pope . The zeal of the Jesuits overcame the movement toward Protestantism in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and southern Germany . Ignatius wrote the Jesuit Constitutions , adopted in 1553, which created
7954-403: The other sacraments. Moreover, he should show himself ready to reconcile the estranged, compassionately assist and serve those who are in prisons or hospitals, and indeed, to perform any other works of charity, according to what will seem expedient for the glory of God and the common good. In fulfilling the mission of the "Formula of the Institute of the Society", the first Jesuits concentrated on
8051-709: The powerful Marquis of Pombal , Secretary of State in Portugal. The Portuguese Jesuit António de Andrade founded a mission in Western Tibet in 1624 (see also " Catholic Church in Tibet "). Two Jesuit missionaries, Johann Grueber and Albert Dorville , reached Lhasa , in Tibet, in 1661. The Italian Jesuit Ippolito Desideri established a new Jesuit mission in Lhasa and Central Tibet (1716–21) and gained an exceptional mastery of Tibetan language and culture, writing
8148-546: The primary, secondary, undergraduate, and graduate levels. The university offers 48 undergraduate, 93 graduate, and 11 professional degree programs. Dual and joint degrees are also available, including partnerships with international universities. The primary language of instruction is English, with some classes offered in Filipino . Ateneo de Manila University emphasizes a liberal arts undergraduate core curriculum that includes philosophy, literature, theology, history, and
8245-564: The sacraments to the public. In late 1568 the Castle Lane School, in the presence of Daniel and Good, was attacked and looted by government agents sent by Sir Thomas Cusack during the pacification of Munster. The political and religious climate had become more uncertain in the lead up to Pope Pius V 's formal excommunication of Queen Elizabeth I , which resulted in a new wave of repression of Catholicism in England and Ireland. At
8342-601: The social sciences. This curriculum is designed to foster student-centred learning and community engagement. Ateneo is ranked as a top institution in the Philippines by the Times Higher Education World University Rankings and the QS World University Rankings . It was first among private universities and second overall in the Philippines in both QS's World and Asia rankings. As of 2024, Ateneo
8439-468: The society adopted the name with a positive meaning. While the order is limited to men, Joanna of Austria, Princess of Portugal , favored the order and she is reputed to have been admitted surreptitiously under a male pseudonym. The Jesuits were founded just before the Council of Trent (1545–1563) and ensuing Counter-Reformation that would introduce reforms within the Catholic Church, and so counter
8536-528: The spirituality of John Cassian and the Desert Fathers . Ignatius' innovation was to make this style of contemplative mysticism available to all people in active life. Further, he used it as a means of rebuilding the spiritual life of the church. The Exercises became both the basis for the training of Jesuits and one of the essential ministries of the order: giving the exercises to others in what became known as "retreats". The Jesuits' contributions to
8633-435: The study of Latin , Greek , classical literature, poetry, and philosophy as well as non-European languages, sciences, and the arts. Furthermore, Jesuit schools encouraged the study of vernacular literature and rhetoric , and thereby became important centres for the training of lawyers and public officials. The Jesuit schools played an important part in winning back to Catholicism a number of European countries which had for
8730-467: The third class learned Donatus by heart, though translated into English rather than through Latin. Young boys in the fourth class were taught to read. Progress was slow because there were too few teachers to conduct classes simultaneously. In the spirit of Ignatius' Roman College founded 14 years before, no fee was requested from pupils, though as a result the two Jesuits lived in very poor conditions and were very overworked with teaching and administering
8827-480: The visual and performing arts as well as in music. The theater was a form of expression especially prominent in Jesuit schools. Jesuit priests often acted as confessors to kings during the early modern period . They were an important force in the Counter-Reformation and in the Catholic missions, in part because their relatively loose structure (without the requirements of living and celebration of
8924-516: Was conducted in one large aula, but the students were divided into distinct classes. Good gives a highly detailed report of the curriculum taught and the top class studied the first and second parts of Johannes Despauterius 's Commentarli grammatici, and read a few letters of Cicero or the dialogues of Frusius (André des Freux, SJ). The second class committed Donatus' texts in Latin to memory and read dialogues as well as works by Ēvaldus Gallus. Students in
9021-476: Was consecrated at Rome in 1564. This early Limerick school, Crescent College , operated in difficult circumstances. In April 1566, William Good sent a detailed report to Rome of his activities via the Portuguese Jesuits. He informed the Jesuit superior general that he and Edmund Daniel had arrived at Limerick city two years beforehand and their situation there had been perilous. Both had arrived in
9118-420: Was conveyed to them by certain influential friends. They recommenced teaching at Castle Lane, and imparting the sacraments, though their activities were restricted by the arrival of Royal Commissioners. Good reported that as he was an Englishman, English officials in the city cultivated him and he was invited to dine with them on a number of occasions, though he was warned to exercise prudence and avoid promoting
9215-416: Was established at Limerick by the apostolic visitor of the Holy See , David Wolfe . Wolfe had been sent to Ireland by Pope Pius IV with the concurrence of the third Jesuit superior general, Diego Laynez . He was charged with setting up grammar schools "as a remedy against the profound ignorance of the people". Wolfe's mission in Ireland initially concentrated on setting the sclerotic Irish Church on
9312-639: Was one of the first to adopt the Singapore math curriculum in the Philippines. On August 1, 2024, School Year 2024-2025, 200 girls attended the Grade School, 72 in kindergarten and 128 in grade 1 , the first in the University's 165-year history. The Ateneo de Manila Junior High School (AJHS) provides middle school education and was founded in 2013 to comply with the Philippines' K-12 system. The Ateneo de Manila Senior High School (ASHS) offers
9409-541: Was recorded by Jesuit José de Acosta of a conversation with the Archbishop of Santo Domingo. In the words of one historian: "The use of the name Jesus gave great offense. Both on the Continent and in England, it was denounced as blasphemous; petitions were sent to kings and to civil and ecclesiastical tribunals to have it changed; and even Pope Sixtus V had signed a Brief to do away with it." But nothing came of all
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