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66-543: The Buffalo played their "home" games at Maple Grove Rugby Park in Winnipeg . In 1998, Rugby Canada and the provincial unions agreed to form the Rugby Canada Super League . Fourteen unions and sub-unions were invited to compete in the new semi-professional league. This Manitoba -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Canadian rugby union team article

132-567: A film festival of LGBT-themed films. Winnipeg has been home to several professional hockey teams. The Winnipeg Jets of the National Hockey League (NHL) have called the city home since 2011. The original Winnipeg Jets , the city's former NHL team, left for Phoenix, Arizona , after the 1995–96 season due to mounting financial troubles, despite a campaign effort to "Save the Jets." The Jets play at Canada Life Centre , which

198-762: A humidex reading of 47.3 °C (117.1 °F) was measured. The frost-free season is comparatively long for a location with such severe winters. The last spring frost is on average around 23 May, while the first fall frost is on 22 September. There are officially 236 neighbourhoods in Winnipeg. Downtown Winnipeg , the city's financial heart and economic core, is centred on the intersection of Portage Avenue and Main Street and covers about 2.6 km (1 sq mi). More than 72,000 people work downtown, and over 40,000 students attend classes at its universities and colleges. Downtown Winnipeg's Exchange District

264-607: A vaudeville house in 1913. Other city theatres include the Burton Cummings Theatre (a National Historic Site of Canada built in 1906 ) and Prairie Theatre Exchange . Le Cercle Molière , based in St Boniface, is Canada's oldest theatre company, founded in 1925. Rainbow Stage is a musical theatre production company based in Kildonan Park that produces professional, live Broadway musical shows and

330-509: A visible minority . More than a hundred languages are spoken in Winnipeg, of which the most common is English: 95 percent of Winnipeggers speak English as their first language, and 2.8 percent have a first language of French (Canada's other official language ). Other languages spoken as a mother tongue in Winnipeg include Tagalog (6.0%), Punjabi (4.1%), and Mandarin (1.5%). Several Indigenous languages are also spoken, such as Ojibwe (0.2%) and Cree (0.1%). The 2021 Census reported

396-461: A July mean average of 19.7 °C (67.5 °F). Winters are the coldest time of year, with the January mean average around −16.4 °C (2.5 °F) and total winter precipitation (December through February) averaging 55.2 mm (2.17 in). Temperatures occasionally drop below −40 °C (−40 °F). On average, there are 317.8 days per year with measurable sunshine, with July seeing

462-487: A Winnipegger was 40.3. At the census metropolitan area (CMA) level in the 2021 census, the Winnipeg CMA had a population of 834,678 living in 330,326 of its 347,144 total private dwellings, a change of 6.6% from its 2016 population of 783,099 . With a land area of 5,285.46 km (2,040.73 sq mi), it had a population density of 157.9/km (409.0/sq mi) in 2021. Winnipeg represents 54.9% of

528-466: A competition venue for amateur musicians. The Winnipeg Fringe Theatre Festival is the second-largest alternative theatre festival in North America. The Winnipeg International Writers Festival (also called THIN AIR) brings writers to Winnipeg for workshops and readings. The LGBT community in the city is served by Pride Winnipeg , an annual gay pride festival and parade, and Reel Pride ,

594-483: A demographic shift beginning shortly after Confederation that saw the francophone population decrease from a majority to a small minority group. This shift resulted in Premier Thomas Greenway controversially ending legislative bilingualism and removing funding for French Catholic Schools in 1890. By 1911, Winnipeg was Canada's third-largest city. However, the city faced financial difficulty when

660-452: A population of 749,607 living in 300,431 of its 315,465 total private dwellings, a change of 6.3% from its 2016 population of 705,244. With a land area of 461.78 km (178.29 sq mi), it had a population density of 1,623.3/km (4,204.3/sq mi) in 2021. As of the 2021 census, 16.6 percent of residents were 14 years old or younger, 66.4 percent were between 15 and 64 years old, and 17.0 percent were 65 or over. The average age of

726-757: Is Canada's longest-surviving outdoor theatre. The Manitoba Theatre for Young People at the Forks is one of only two Theatres for Young Audiences in Canada with a permanent residence and the only Theatre for Young Audiences that offers a full season of plays for teenagers. The Winnipeg Jewish Theatre is the only professional theatre in Canada dedicated to Jewish themes. Shakespeare in the Ruins (SIR) presents adaptations of Shakespeare plays. Winnipeg has hosted numerous Hollywood productions: Shall We Dance? (2004), Capote (2005), The Assassination of Jesse James by

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792-598: Is Manitoba's head of government , while the King of Canada is its head of state . An upper house, the Legislative Council of Manitoba , was established in 1870 but was abolished in 1876 as a cost-cutting measure and as a condition for federal funding. Before 1879, candidates in Manitoba elections were not affiliated with political parties. However, some candidates declared their support for (or opposition to)

858-568: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Winnipeg Winnipeg ( / ˈ w ɪ n ɪ p ɛ ɡ / ) is the capital and largest city of the province of Manitoba in Canada. It is centred on the confluence of the Red and Assiniboine rivers, near the longitudinal centre of North America. As of 2021 , Winnipeg had a city population of 749,607 and a metropolitan population of 834,678, making it Canada's sixth-largest city and eighth-largest metropolitan area. The city

924-464: Is a comedic rumination on the city's history. The Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra is the largest and oldest professional musical ensemble in Winnipeg. The Manitoba Chamber Orchestra runs a series of chamber orchestral concerts each year. Manitoba Opera is Manitoba's only full-time professional opera company. Among the most notable musical acts associated with Winnipeg are Bachman–Turner Overdrive , The Guess Who , Neil Young , The Weakerthans ,

990-411: Is a nonprofit children's museum at the Forks that features twelve permanent galleries. The Canadian Museum for Human Rights is the only Canadian national museum for human rights and the only national museum west of Ottawa. The federal government contributed $ 100 million towards the estimated $ 311 million project. Construction of the museum began on 1 April 2008, and the museum opened to

1056-487: Is named after the area's original grain exchange, which operated from 1880 to 1913. The 30-block district received National Historic Site of Canada status in 1997; it includes North America's most extensive collection of early 20th-century terracotta and cut stone architecture, Stephen Juba Park, and Old Market Square. Other major downtown areas are the Forks , Central Park , Broadway-Assiniboine and Chinatown . Many of Downtown Winnipeg's major buildings are linked with

1122-597: Is named after the nearby Lake Winnipeg ; the name comes from the Western Cree words for "muddy water" – winipīhk . The region was a trading centre for Indigenous peoples long before the arrival of Europeans; it is the traditional territory of the Anishinabe (Ojibway), Ininew (Cree), Oji-Cree, Dene, and Dakota, and is the birthplace of the Métis Nation . French traders built the first fort, Fort Rouge , on

1188-480: Is ranked the world's 19th-busiest arena among non-sporting touring events, 13th-busiest among facilities in North America, and 3rd-busiest in Canada as of 2009. Manitoba Legislature The Manitoba Legislature is the legislature of the province of Manitoba , Canada. Today, the legislature is made of two elements: the lieutenant governor (representing the King of Canada ) and the unicameral assembly called

1254-702: The Countess of Dufferin , the first steam locomotive in Western Canada. Festival du Voyageur , Western Canada's largest winter festival, celebrates the early French explorers of the Red River Valley. Folklorama is the largest and longest-running cultural celebration festival in the world. The Jazz Winnipeg Festival and the Winnipeg Folk Festival both celebrate Winnipeg's music community. The Winnipeg Music Festival offers

1320-608: The Conference Board of Canada , Winnipeg was projected to experience a real GDP growth of 1.9 percent in 2019. Gross Domestic Product was $ 43.3 billion in 2018. The city had an unemployment rate of 5.3% in 2019, compared to a national rate of 5.7%. Household income per capita was $ 47,824, compared to $ 49,744 nationally. The Royal Canadian Mint , established in 1976, produces all circulating coinage in Canada. The facility, located in southeastern Winnipeg, also produces coins for many other countries. In 2012, Winnipeg

1386-606: The Crash Test Dummies , Propagandhi , Bif Naked , and The Watchmen among many others. Winnipeg also has a significant place in Canadian jazz history, being the location of Canada's first jazz concert in 1914 at the Pantages Playhouse Theatre . The Royal Winnipeg Ballet (RWB) is Canada's oldest ballet company and the longest continuously operating ballet company in North America. It

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1452-479: The Cree and Ojibwe name win-nipi (also transcribed win-nipiy or ouenpig ) meaning "murky water" or "muddy water" (modern Cree : wīnipēk , ᐑᓂᐯᐠ ). French-Canadian fur trader La Vérendrye referred to the lake as Lac Gouinipique or Ouinipigon when he built the first forts in the area in the 1730s. Local newspaper The Nor'-Wester included the name on its masthead on 24 February 1866, and

1518-704: The Esplanade Riel bridge, a river walkway, Shaw Park , and the Canadian Museum for Human Rights . The Winnipeg Public Library is a public library network with 20 branches throughout the city, including the main Millennium Library . Winnipeg the Bear , which would become the inspiration for part of the name of Winnie-the-Pooh , was purchased in Ontario by Lieutenant Harry Colebourn of

1584-587: The Legislative Assembly of Manitoba . The legislature has existed since Manitoba was formed out of part of Rupert's Land in 1870. Like the Canadian federal government, Manitoba uses a Westminster-style parliamentary government , in which members are sent to the Legislative Assembly after general elections and from there the party with the most seats chooses a Premier of Manitoba and Executive Council of Manitoba . The premier

1650-543: The Panama Canal opened in 1914. The canal reduced reliance on Canada's rail system for international trade; the increase in shipping traffic helped Vancouver to surpass Winnipeg in both prosperity and population by the end of World War I . More than 30,000 workers walked off their jobs in May 1919 in what came to be known as the Winnipeg general strike . The strike was a product of postwar recession, labour conditions,

1716-563: The Red , Assiniboine , La Salle and Seine . The city was subject to severe flooding in the past. The Red River reached its greatest flood height in 1826 . Another large flood in 1950 caused millions of dollars in damage and mass evacuations. This flood prompted Duff Roblin 's provincial government to build the Red River Floodway to protect the city. In the 1997 flood , flood control dikes were reinforced and raised using sandbags; Winnipeg suffered limited damage compared to

1782-556: The Swift's and Canada Packers meat packing plants. In 1981, Winnipeg was one of the first cities in Canada to sign a tripartite agreement with the provincial and federal governments to redevelop its downtown area, and the three levels of government contributed over $ 271 million to its development. In 1989, the reclamation and redevelopment of the CNR rail yards turned the Forks into Winnipeg's most popular tourist attraction. The city

1848-541: The Winnipeg Blue Bombers (Canadian football), Winnipeg Jets (ice hockey), Manitoba Moose (ice hockey), Valour FC ( soccer ), Winnipeg Sea Bears (basketball), and the Winnipeg Goldeyes (baseball). Winnipeg is named after nearby Lake Winnipeg , 65 km (40 mi) north of the city. English explorer Henry Kelsey may have been the first European to see the lake in 1690. He adopted

1914-759: The Winnipeg Walkway . Residential neighbourhoods surround the downtown in all directions; expansion is greatest to the south and west, although several areas remain underdeveloped. The city's largest park, Assiniboine Park , houses the Assiniboine Park Zoo and the Leo Mol Sculpture Garden . Other large city parks include Kildonan Park and St. Vital Park . The city's major commercial areas are Polo Park , Kildonan Crossing, South St. Vital, Garden City (West Kildonan), Pembina Strip, Kenaston Smart Centre, Osborne Village , and

1980-785: The "Gateway to the West", Winnipeg is a railway and transportation hub with a diversified economy. This multicultural city hosts numerous annual festivals, including the Festival du Voyageur , the Winnipeg Folk Festival , the Jazz Winnipeg Festival , the Winnipeg Fringe Theatre Festival , and Folklorama . Winnipeg was the first Canadian host of the Pan American Games in 1967 . It is home to several professional sports franchises, including

2046-623: The Corydon strip. The main cultural and nightlife areas are the Exchange District, the Forks, Osborne Village and Corydon Village (both in Fort Rouge), Sargent and Ellice Avenues (West End) and Old St. Boniface. Osborne Village is Winnipeg's most densely populated neighbourhood and one of the most densely populated neighbourhoods in Western Canada. In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , Winnipeg had

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2112-544: The Coward Robert Ford (2007), and A Dog's Purpose (2017), among others were filmed in the city. The Winnipeg Film Group has produced numerous award-winning films. There are several TV and film production companies in Winnipeg: the most prominent are Farpoint Films , Frantic Films , Buffalo Gal Pictures , and Les Productions Rivard . Guy Maddin's My Winnipeg , an independent film released in 2008,

2178-616: The Forks , attracts four million visitors a year. It is home to the City television studio, Manitoba Theatre for Young People , the Winnipeg International Children's Festival , and the Manitoba Children's Museum . It also features a 2,800 m (30,000 sq ft) skate plaza, a 790 m (8,500 sq ft) bowl complex, which features a mural of Winnipeg skateboarding pioneer Jai Pereira,

2244-540: The Fort Garry Horse . He named the bear after the regiment's hometown of Winnipeg. A. A. Milne later wrote a series of books featuring the fictional Winnie-the-Pooh. The series' illustrator, Ernest H. Shepard created the only known oil painting of Winnipeg's adopted fictional bear, which is displayed in Assiniboine Park. The city has developed many distinct dishes and cooking styles, notably in

2310-525: The Hudson's Bay and North West Companies merged, ending their long rivalry. Fort Gibraltar was renamed Fort Garry in 1822 and became the leading post in the region for the Hudson's Bay Company. A flood destroyed the fort in 1826 and it was not rebuilt until 1835. A rebuilt section of the fort, consisting of the front gate and a section of the wall, is near the modern-day corner of Main Street and Broadway in downtown Winnipeg. In 1869–70, present-day Winnipeg

2376-698: The Spirit of Enterprise" (commonly known as the " Golden Boy "). The stock market crash of 1929 and the Great Depression resulted in widespread unemployment, worsened by drought and low agricultural prices. The Depression ended after the start of World War II in 1939. In the Battle of Hong Kong , The Winnipeg Grenadiers were among the first Canadians to engage in combat against Japan. Battalion members who survived combat were taken prisoner and endured brutal treatment in prisoner of war camps. In 1942,

2442-553: The Victory Loan Campaign staged a mock Nazi invasion of Winnipeg to promote awareness of the stakes of the war in Europe. When the war ended, pent-up demand generated a boom in housing development, although building activity was checked by the 1950 Red River flood . The federal government estimated damage at over $ 26 million, although the province indicated that it was at least double that. The damage caused by

2508-457: The Winnipeg CMA population as of 1 July 2020 is 850,056, making it the 7th largest CMA in Canada. Winnipeg has a significant and increasing Indigenous population, with both the highest percentage of Indigenous peoples (12.4%) for any major Canadian city, and the highest total number of Indigenous peoples (90,995) for any single non-reserve municipality. The Indigenous population grew by 22% between 2001 and 2006, compared to an increase of 3% for

2574-477: The activity of union organizers and a large influx of returning World War I soldiers seeking work. After many arrests, deportations, and incidents of violence, the strike ended on 21 June 1919 when the Riot Act was read. A group of Royal Canadian Mounted Police officers charged a group of strikers. Two strikers were killed and at least thirty others were injured on the day that became known as Bloody Saturday ;

2640-498: The area in prehistoric times for camping, harvesting, hunting, tool making, fishing, trading and, farther north, for agriculture. Estimates of the date of first settlement in this area range from 11,500 years ago for a site southwest of the present city to 6,000 years ago at the Forks. In 1805, Canadian colonists observed First Nations peoples engaged in farming activity along the Red River. The practice quickly expanded, driven by

2706-469: The areas of confectionery and hot-smoked fish . Both the First Nations and more recent Eastern Canadian, European, and Asian immigrants have helped shape Winnipeg's dining scene, giving birth to dishes such as the desserts schmoo torte and wafer pie . The Winnipeg Art Gallery is Western Canada's oldest public art gallery, founded in 1912. It is the sixth-largest in the country and includes

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2772-647: The arrival of the British Hudson's Bay Company after France ceded the territory following its defeat in the Seven Years' War . Many French men who were trappers married First Nations women ; their mixed-race children hunted, traded, and lived in the area. Their descendants are known as the Métis . Lord Selkirk was involved with the first permanent settlement (known as the Red River Colony ),

2838-420: The city as a whole; this population tends to be younger and less wealthy than non-Indigenous residents. Winnipeg also has the highest Métis population in both percentage (6.5%) and numbers (47,915); the growth rate for this population between 2001 and 2006 was 30%. The 2021 census reported that immigrants comprise 201,040 persons or 27.3% of the total population of Winnipeg. Of the total immigrant population,

2904-665: The city was incorporated by that name by the Manitoba Legislature in 1873. Winnipeg lies at the confluence of the Assiniboine and the Red River of the North , a location now known as " the Forks ." This point was at the crossroads of canoe routes travelled by First Nations before European contact. Evidence provided by archaeology, petroglyphs , rock art , and oral history indicates that native peoples used

2970-542: The demand by traders for provisions. The rivers provided an extensive transportation network linking northern First Peoples with those to the south along the Missouri and Mississippi rivers. The Ojibwe made some of the first maps on birch bark , which helped fur traders navigate the waterways of the area. Sieur de La Vérendrye built the first fur trading post on the site in 1738, called Fort Rouge . French trading continued at this site for several decades before

3036-577: The event polarized the population. One of the leaders of the strike, J. S. Woodsworth , went on to found Canada's first major socialist party, the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation , which later became the New Democratic Party . The Manitoba Legislative Building , constructed mainly of Tyndall stone , opened in 1920; its dome supports a bronze statue finished in gold leaf, titled "Eternal Youth and

3102-604: The flood led then-Premier Duff Roblin to advocate for the construction of the Red River Floodway . Before 1972, Winnipeg was the largest of thirteen cities and towns in a metropolitan area around the Red and Assiniboine Rivers. In 1960, the Metropolitan Corporation of Greater Winnipeg was established to co-ordinate service delivery in the metropolitan region. A consolidated metropolitan " unicity " government incorporating Winnipeg and its surrounding municipalities

3168-497: The flood's impact on cities without such structures, such as Grand Forks, North Dakota . The generally flat terrain and the poor drainage of the Red River Valley's clay-based soil also results in many mosquitoes during wetter years. Winnipeg's location in the Canadian Prairies gives it a warm-summer humid continental climate ( Köppen : Dfb ), with warm, humid summers, and long, severely cold winters. Summers have

3234-747: The health care and social assistance (14%), retail (11%), manufacturing (8%), and public administration (8%) sectors. There were approximately 450,500 jobs in the city as of 2019. Some of Winnipeg's largest employers are government and government-funded institutions, including the Province of Manitoba, the University of Manitoba, the City of Winnipeg, Manitoba Hydro , and Manitoba Liquor & Lotteries Corporation . Major private-sector employers include Canad Corporation of Manitoba, Canada Life Assurance Company , StandardAero , and SkipTheDishes . According to

3300-453: The most. With 2,353 hours of sunshine per year, Winnipeg is the second-sunniest city in Canada. Total annual precipitation (both rain and snow) is just over 521 mm (20.5 in). Thunderstorms are very common during summer and sometimes severe enough to produce tornadoes. Low wind chill values are a common occurrence in the local climate. The wind chill has gone down as low as −57.1 °C (−70.8 °F), and on average twelve days of

3366-480: The northeast, although most of the native prairie grasses have been removed for agriculture and urbanization. It is relatively close to many large Canadian Shield lakes and parks, as well as Lake Winnipeg ( the Earth's 11th largest freshwater lake ). Winnipeg has North America's largest extant mature urban elm forest. The city has an area of 464.08 km (179.18 sq mi). Winnipeg has four major rivers:

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3432-479: The population of the province of Manitoba, the highest population concentration in one city of any province in Canada. Apart from the city of Winnipeg, the Winnipeg CMA includes the rural municipalities of Springfield , St. Clements , Taché , East St. Paul , Macdonald , Ritchot , West St. Paul , Headingley , the Brokenhead 4 reserve , Rosser and St. François Xavier . Statistics Canada 's estimate of

3498-417: The public 27 September 2014. The Royal Aviation Museum of Western Canada , near Winnipeg's James Richardson International Airport , features military jets, commercial aircraft, Canada's first helicopter, the "flying saucer" Avrocar , flight simulators, and a Black Brant rocket built in Manitoba by Bristol Aerospace . The Winnipeg Railway Museum at Via Rail Station has a variety of locomotives, notably

3564-407: The purchase of land from the Hudson's Bay Company, and a survey of river lots in the early 19th century. The North West Company built Fort Gibraltar in 1809, and the Hudson's Bay Company built Fort Douglas in 1812, both in the area of present-day Winnipeg. The two companies competed fiercely over trade. The Métis and Lord Selkirk's settlers fought at the Battle of Seven Oaks in 1816. In 1821,

3630-403: The religious make-up of Winnipeg as: 50.4% Christian , including 24.0% Catholic , 4.0% United Church , and 2.7% Anglican ; 4.4% Sikh ; 3.3% Muslim ; 2.0% Hindu ; 1.5% Jewish ; 0.9% Buddhist ; 0.4% traditional (aboriginal) spirituality ; 0.7% other; and 36.4% no religious affiliation. Winnipeg is an economic base and regional centre. It has a diversified economy, with major employment in

3696-526: The site in 1738. A settlement was later founded by the Selkirk settlers of the Red River Colony in 1812, the nucleus of which was incorporated as the City of Winnipeg in 1873. Being far inland, the city's climate is extremely seasonal (continental) even by Canadian standards, with average January highs of around −11 °C (12 °F) and average July highs of 26 °C (79 °F). Known as

3762-466: The top countries of origin were the Philippines (62,100 persons or 30.9%), India (27,605 persons or 13.7%), and China (8,900 persons or 4.4%). The city receives over 10,000 net international immigrants per year. Winnipeg has the greatest percentage of Filipino residents (11.3%) of any major Canadian city, although Toronto has more Filipinos by total population. As of 2021, 34% of residents were of

3828-540: The world's largest public collection of contemporary Inuit art. Since the late 1970s Winnipeg has also had an active artist run centre culture. Winnipeg's three largest performing arts venues, the Centennial Concert Hall , Royal Manitoba Theatre Centre and the Pantages Playhouse Theatre , are downtown. The Royal Manitoba is Canada's oldest English-language regional theatre, with over 250 performances yearly. The Pantages Playhouse Theatre opened as

3894-441: The year reach a wind chill below −40 °C (−40 °F). The highest temperature ever recorded in Winnipeg was during the 1936 North American heat wave . The temperature reached 42.2 °C (108.0 °F) on 11 July 1936 while the highest minimum temperature, recorded on the following day, 12 July 1936, was 28.3 °C (82.9 °F). The apparent heat can be even more extreme due to bursts of humidity, and on 25 July 2007

3960-481: Was established on 27 July 1971, taking effect in 1972. The City of Winnipeg Act incorporated the current city. In 2003, the City of Winnipeg Act was repealed and replaced with the City of Winnipeg Charter. Winnipeg experienced a severe economic downturn in advance of the early 1980s recession , during which the city incurred closures of prominent businesses, including the Winnipeg Tribune , as well as

4026-663: Was ranked by KPMG as the least expensive location to do business in western Canada. Like many prairie cities, Winnipeg has a relatively low cost of living. The average house price in Winnipeg was $ 301,518 as of 2018. As of May 2014, the Consumer Price Index was 125.8 relative to 2002 prices, reflecting consumer costs at the Canadian average. Winnipeg was named the Cultural Capital of Canada in 2010 by Canadian Heritage. As of 2021, there are 26 National Historic Sites of Canada in Winnipeg. One of these,

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4092-401: Was signed on 3 August 1871 by representatives of the Crown and local Indigenous groups, comprising the Brokenhead Ojibway, Sagkeeng, Long Plain, Peguis, Roseau River Anishinabe, Sandy Bay and Swan Lake communities. On 8 November 1873, Winnipeg was incorporated as a city, with the Selkirk settlement as its nucleus. Métis legislator and interpreter James McKay named the city. Winnipeg's mandate

4158-426: Was the first organization to be granted a royal title by Queen Elizabeth II and has included notable dancers such as Evelyn Hart and Mikhail Baryshnikov . The RWB also runs a full-time classical dance school. The Manitoba Museum , the city's largest museum, depicts the history of the city and province. The full-size replica of the ship Nonsuch is the museum's showcase piece. The Manitoba Children's Museum

4224-407: Was the site of the Red River Rebellion , a conflict between the local provisional government of Métis, led by Louis Riel , and newcomers from eastern Canada. General Garnet Wolseley was sent to suppress the uprising. The Manitoba Act of 1870 made Manitoba the fifth province of the three-year-old Canadian Confederation . Treaty 1 , which encompassed the city and much of the surrounding area,

4290-411: Was threatened by the 1997 Red River flood as well as further floods in 2009 and 2011 . Winnipeg lies at the bottom of the Red River Valley , a flood plain with an extremely flat topography. It is on the eastern edge of the Canadian Prairies in Western Canada and is known as the "Gateway to the West". Winnipeg is bordered by tallgrass prairie to the west and south and the aspen parkland to

4356-406: Was to govern and provide municipal services to citizens attracted to trade expansion between Upper Fort Garry / Lower Fort Garry and Saint Paul, Minnesota . Winnipeg developed rapidly after the coming of the Canadian Pacific Railway in 1881. The railway divided the North End, which housed mainly Eastern Europeans, from the richer Anglo-Saxon southern part of the city. It also contributed to

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