128-601: Charles Milles Manson ( né Maddox ; November 12, 1934 – November 19, 2017) was an American criminal, cult leader , and musician who led the Manson Family , a cult based in California in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Some cult members committed a series of at least nine murders at four locations in July and August 1969. In 1971, Manson was convicted of first-degree murder and conspiracy to commit murder for
256-614: A Rave magazine article at the time. The two struck a friendship, and over the next few months members of the Manson Family – mostly women who were treated as servants – were housed in Wilson's residence. This arrangement persisted for about six months. Wilson introduced Manson to a few friends in the music business, including the Byrds ' producer Terry Melcher . Manson recorded numerous songs at Brian Wilson 's home studio , although
384-577: A man's surname at birth that has subsequently been replaced or changed. The diacritic mark (the acute accent ) over the e is considered significant to its spelling, and ultimately its meaning, but is sometimes omitted. According to Oxford University 's Dictionary of Modern English Usage , the terms are typically placed after the current surname (e.g., " Margaret Thatcher , née Roberts" or " Bill Clinton , né Blythe"). Since they are terms adopted into English (from French), they do not have to be italicized , but they often are. In Polish tradition ,
512-477: A 56.6% employment rate, with 43.2% of the population holding a bachelor's degree or higher and 92.1% holding a high school diploma. The top nine reported ancestries (people were allowed to report up to two ancestries, thus the figures will generally add to more than 100%) were English (15.8%), German (13.5%), Irish (11.7%), Italian (3.9%), Scottish (2.3%), Subsaharan African (1.7%), French (except Basque) (1.2%), Polish (1.1%), and Norwegian (0.5%). The median age in
640-422: A January daily average of 34.4 °F (1.3 °C), and with a mean of 16 days with maxima at or below the freezing mark. Snowfall generally occurs from late November to early April, with the heaviest period being January and February. However, major snowstorms of more than 10 inches (25 cm) are rare. The area averages about 3.5 inches (89 mm) of precipitation each month. Thunderstorms are frequent during
768-648: A Strange Land , the Bible , Scientology , Dale Carnegie and the Beatles , which quickly earned him a following. He may have also borrowed some of his philosophy from the Process Church of the Final Judgment , whose members believed Satan would become reconciled to Jesus and they would come together at the end of the world to judge humanity. Manson began studying Scientology while incarcerated with
896-411: A bedroom door to the pool area. Krenwinkel pursued her and caught her on the front lawn, where she stabbed her and tackled her to the ground. Watson then helped kill her; her assailants stabbed her a total of twenty-eight times. Frykowski struggled across the lawn, but Watson continued to stab him, killing him. Frykowski suffered fifty-one stab wounds; he had also been struck thirteen times in the head with
1024-687: A car he had stolen in Ohio, Manson was again charged with a federal crime for taking the vehicle across state lines. After a psychiatric evaluation, he was given five years' probation . Manson's failure to appear at a Los Angeles hearing on an identical charge filed in Florida resulted in his March 1956 arrest in Indianapolis. His probation was revoked, and he was sentenced to three years' imprisonment at Terminal Island in Los Angeles. While Manson
1152-498: A car. He was given five years' probation and his parole was denied. Manson received five years' parole in September 1958, the same year in which Rosalie received a decree of divorce. By November, he was pimping a 16-year-old girl and receiving additional support from a girl with wealthy parents. In September 1959, he pleaded guilty to a charge of attempting to cash a forged U.S. Treasury check, which he claimed to have stolen from
1280-623: A chance association with Dennis Wilson of the Beach Boys , who introduced Manson to record producer Terry Melcher . In 1968, the Beach Boys recorded Manson's song "Cease to Exist", renamed " Never Learn Not to Love " as a single B-side , but Manson was uncredited. Afterward, he attempted to secure a record contract through Melcher, but was unsuccessful. Manson would often talk about the Beatles , including their eponymous 1968 album . According to Los Angeles County District Attorney Vincent Bugliosi , Manson felt guided by his interpretation of
1408-622: A condemned house where they were living in Topanga Canyon. She was assisted by several of the young women from the fledgling Family. Brunner, like most members of the group, acquired a number of aliases and nicknames, including: "Marioche", "Och", "Mother Mary", "Mary Manson", "Linda Dee Manson" and "Christine Marie Euchts". In his book Love Needs Care about his time at the HAFMC, David Smith claimed that Manson attempted to reprogram his followers' minds to "submit totally to his will" through
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#17328008451021536-601: A defensive camp, establishing night patrols by armed guards. Watson would later write, "Blackie was trying to get at the chosen ones." Manson brought in members of the Straight Satans Motorcycle Club to act as security. 34-year-old Gary Alan Hinman, a music teacher and graduate student at UCLA , had previously befriended members of the Family and allowed some to occasionally stay at his home in Topanga Canyon. According to Atkins, Manson believed Hinman
1664-524: A ditch; Manson and members of his family, including Brunner and Manson's new-born baby, were found sleeping naked by police. Afterwards, he was again arrested and released only a few days later, this time on a drug charge. On April 6, 1968, Dennis Wilson of the Beach Boys was driving through Malibu when he noticed two female hitchhikers, Krenwinkel and Ella Jo Bailey. He picked them up and dropped them off at their destination. On April 11, Wilson noticed
1792-465: A dozen people were occupying the premises, most of them young women. By Manson's own account, he had met Wilson on at least one prior occasion: at a friend's San Francisco house where Manson had gone to obtain marijuana . Manson claimed that Wilson invited him to visit his home when Manson came to Los Angeles. Wilson was initially fascinated by Manson and his followers, referring to him as "the Wizard" in
1920-410: A grocery store, at first to simply find something to eat. However, Manson found a cigar box containing just over a hundred dollars, which he used to rent a room on Indianapolis' Skid Row and to buy food. For a time, Manson had a job delivering messages for Western Union in an attempt to live honestly. However, he quickly began to supplement his wages through theft. He was eventually caught, and in 1949
2048-575: A household in the city was $ 34,009, and the median income for a family was $ 47,975. Males had a median income of $ 38,257 versus $ 26,671 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 26,017. About 12.7% of families and 16.7% of the population were below the poverty line , including 24.5% of those under age 18 and 11.3% of those age 65 or over. The City of Charleston recognizes the Charleston Area Alliance as its economic development organization. Notable companies headquartered in
2176-433: A knife. He fought his way out the front door and onto the porch, but Watson caught up with him, struck him over the head with the gun multiple times, stabbed him repeatedly and shot him twice. Kasabian had heard "horrifying sounds" and moved toward the house from her position in the driveway. She told Atkins that someone was coming in an attempt to stop the murders. Inside the house, Folger escaped from Krenwinkel and fled out
2304-471: A laborer at a dry cleaning business. Maddox often went on drinking sprees with her brother Luther Elbert Maddox (1916–1950), leaving Charles with babysitters. Maddox and her husband divorced on April 30, 1937, after William alleged "gross neglect of duty" by Maddox. Charles retained William's last name of Manson. On August 1, 1939, Kathleen and Luther were arrested for assault and robbery, and sentenced to five and ten years of imprisonment, respectively. Manson
2432-450: A local reputation as a con artist . He allowed Maddox to believe that he was an army colonel, although "Colonel" was merely his given name. When Maddox told Scott that she was pregnant, he informed her that he had been called away on army business; after several months she realized he had no intention of returning. Manson never knew his biological father. In August 1934, before Manson's birth, Maddox married William Eugene Manson (1909–1961),
2560-446: A long nylon rope which he had brought, then slung it over one of the living room's ceiling beams. Sebring protested the rough treatment of the pregnant Tate, so Watson shot him. Folger was taken momentarily back to her bedroom for her purse, and she gave the murderers $ 70. Watson then stabbed Sebring seven times. Frykowski's hands had been bound with a towel, but he freed himself and began struggling with Atkins, who stabbed at his legs with
2688-588: A mailbox; the latter charge was later dropped. He received a ten-year suspended sentence and probation after a young woman named Leona Rae "Candy" Stevens, who had an arrest record for prostitution , made a "tearful plea" before the court that she and Manson were "deeply in love ... and would marry if Charlie were freed". Before the year's end, the woman did marry Manson, possibly so she would not be required to testify against him. Manson took Leona and another woman to New Mexico for purposes of prostitution, resulting in him being held and questioned for violating
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#17328008451022816-693: A minimum security institution in Virginia . His aunt visited him and told administrators she would let him stay at her house and help him find work. Manson had a parole hearing scheduled for February 1952. However, in January, he was caught raping a boy at knifepoint. Manson was transferred to the Federal Reformatory in Petersburg, Virginia , where he committed a further "eight serious disciplinary offenses, three involving homosexual acts". He
2944-517: A second-hand account, Manson overcame Brunner's initial resistance to him bringing other women in to live with them. Before long, they were sharing Brunner's residence with eighteen other women. Manson targeted individuals for manipulation who were emotionally insecure and social outcasts. Manson established himself as a guru in Haight-Ashbury which, during the Summer of Love, was emerging as
3072-516: A sympathetic judge sent him to Boys Town , a juvenile facility in Omaha, Nebraska . After four days at Boys Town, he and fellow student Blackie Nielson obtained a gun and stole a car. They used it to commit two armed robberies on their way to the home of Nielson's uncle in Peoria, Illinois . Nielson's uncle was a professional thief, and when the boys arrived he allegedly took them on as apprentices. Manson
3200-428: A telephone pole near the entrance gate and cut the phone line to the house. The group then backed their car to the bottom of the hill that led to the estate before walking back up to the house. Thinking that the gate might be electrified or equipped with an alarm, they climbed a brushy embankment to the right of the gate and entered the grounds. Headlights approached the group from within the property, and Watson ordered
3328-554: A threat to kill everyone at Spahn Ranch. In response, Manson shot Crowe on July 1, 1969, at Manson's Hollywood apartment. Manson's belief that he had killed Crowe was seemingly confirmed by a news report of the discovery of the dumped body of a Black Panther in Los Angeles. Although Crowe was not a member of the Black Panthers, Manson concluded he had been and expected retaliation from the Panthers. He turned Spahn Ranch into
3456-572: A time, the opening of the Charleston Town Center Mall had a somewhat negative impact on the main streets of downtown Charleston, as many businesses closed and relocated into the mall. Also in 1983, West Virginia Public Radio launched a live-performance radio program statewide called Mountain Stage . What began as a live, monthly statewide broadcast went on to national distribution in 1986 through National Public Radio and around
3584-430: A variety of performances, events and exhibits in music, dance, theatre, visual arts and other entertainments. Charleston has one central agency for its economic development efforts, the Charleston Area Alliance. The Alliance works with local public officials and the private sector to build the economy of the region and revitalize its downtown. Charleston also has an economic and community development organization focused on
3712-482: A wooden paddle or a leather strap. Manson ran away from Gibault and slept in the woods, under bridges and wherever else he could find shelter. Manson fled home to his mother and spent Christmas 1947 at his aunt and uncle's house in West Virginia. However, his mother returned him to Gibault. Ten months later, he ran away to Indianapolis. It was there, in 1948, Manson committed his first documented crime by robbing
3840-519: Is 4 °F (−16 °C) on December 22, 1989 (during the December 1989 United States cold wave ), while, conversely the record warm minimum is 84 °F (29 °C) on July 29, 1924. The hardiness zone is 7a. As of the 2020 census , there were 48,864 people, 22,082 households, and 11,685 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,551.2 inhabitants per square mile (598.9/km ). There were 25,766 housing units. The racial makeup of
3968-525: Is named after Col. Clendenin's father, Charles. Six years later, in 1794, the Virginia General Assembly officially established Charlestown. On the 40 acres (160,000 m ) that made up the town in 1794, 35 people inhabited seven houses. Charleston is part of Kanawha County . The origin of the word Kanawha (pronounced "Ka-NAH-wah"), Ka(h)nawha , derives from the region's Iroquoian dialects meaning "water way" or "Canoe Way" implying
Charles Manson - Misplaced Pages Continue
4096-416: Is the feminine past participle of naître , which means "to be born". Né is the masculine form. The term née , having feminine grammatical gender , can be used to denote a woman's surname at birth that has been replaced or changed. In most English-speaking cultures, it is specifically applied to a woman's maiden name after her surname has changed due to marriage. The term né can be used to denote
4224-518: The 2020 census . According to 2023 census estimates, the city is estimated to have a population of 46,838. The Charleston metropolitan area had 203,164 residents in 2023. The first permanent settlement in the Kanawha Valley, Fort Morris, was built approximately 20 miles upstream of Charleston at the confluence of Kellys Creek near the burned ruins of Walter Kelly's cabin in the fall of 1773 by William Morris prior to Lord Dunmore's War , and
4352-492: The American Revolutionary War , pioneers began making their way out from the early settlements. Many slowly migrated into the western part of Virginia . Capitalizing on its many resources made Charleston an important part of Virginia and West Virginia history. Today, Charleston is the most populous city in the state and the state capital. Charleston's history goes back to the 18th century. Thomas Bullitt
4480-713: The Church of Scientology headquarters in London from November 1968 to April 1969. Shortly after relocating to San Francisco, Manson became acquainted with Mary Brunner , a 23-year-old graduate of University of Wisconsin–Madison . Brunner was working as a library assistant at the University of California, Berkeley , and Manson, until that point making his living by panhandling , moved in with her. Manson then met teenaged runaway Lynette Fromme , later nicknamed "Squeaky," and convinced her to live with him and Brunner. According to
4608-758: The Civil War began in 1861. After the Virginia Secession Convention of 1861 and a referendum, the state of Virginia seceded from the Union . However, Charleston, like much of western Virginia, was divided in loyalty between the Union and the Confederacy . On September 13, 1862, the Union and Confederate armies clashed in the Battle of Charleston . The Confederates won, but they could not hold
4736-551: The Folgers coffee fortune and daughter of Peter Folger . Also present on the property were 19-year-old caretaker William Garretson and his friend, 18-year-old Steven Earl Parent. Polanski was in Europe working on a film. Music producer Quincy Jones was a friend of Sebring who had planned to join him that evening before changing his mind. Watson and the three women arrived at Cielo Drive just past midnight on August 9. Watson climbed
4864-692: The Mann Act . Though he was released, Manson correctly suspected that the investigation had not ended. When he disappeared in violation of his probation, a bench warrant was issued. An indictment for violation of the Mann Act followed in April 1960. Following the arrest of one of the women for prostitution, Manson was arrested in June in Laredo, Texas , and was returned to Los Angeles. For violating his probation on
4992-822: The United States Census Bureau , the city has an area of 32.535 square miles (84.27 km ), of which 31.397 square miles (81.32 km ) is land and 1.138 square miles (2.95 km ) is water. The city lies at the intersection of Interstates 79, 77, 64, and also where the Kanawha and Elk rivers meet. Charleston is about 117 miles (188 km) southeast of Chillicothe, Ohio , 315 miles (507 km) west of Richmond, Virginia , 228 miles (367 km) southwest of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania , 247 miles (398 km) east of Louisville, Kentucky , and 264 miles (425 km) north of Charlotte, North Carolina . The following are neighborhoods and communities within
5120-572: The University of Charleston . In 1983, the Charleston Town Center opened its doors downtown. It was the largest urban-based mall east of the Mississippi River , featuring three stories of shops and eateries. Downtown revitalization began in earnest in the late 1980s. Funds were set aside for streetscaping as Capitol and Quarrier streets saw new building facades, trees along the streets, and brick walkways installed. For
5248-498: The deaths of seven people , including the film actress Sharon Tate . The prosecution contended that, while Manson never directly ordered the murders, his ideology constituted an overt act of conspiracy . Before the murders, Manson had spent more than half of his life in correctional institutions . While gathering his cult following, he was a singer-songwriter on the fringe of the Los Angeles music industry, chiefly through
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5376-634: The Beatles' lyrics and adopted the term " Helter Skelter " to describe an impending apocalyptic race war . During his trial, Bugliosi argued that Manson had intended to start a race war, although Manson and others disputed this. Contemporary interviews and trial witness testimony insisted that the Tate–LaBianca murders were copycat crimes intended to exonerate Manson's friend Bobby Beausoleil . Manson himself denied having ordered any murders. Nevertheless, he served his time in prison and died from complications from colon cancer in 2017. Charles Milles Maddox
5504-466: The Charleston area include Appalachian Power , owned by American Electric Power of Columbus , Ohio; Charleston Gazette , Gestamp , Tudor's Biscuit World and United Bank . Notable companies founded in Charleston include Shoney's restaurants and Heck's / L.A. Joe discount department stores. Charleston is home to numerous annual events and fairs that take place throughout the city, from
5632-632: The East End and West Side urban neighborhood business districts, Charleston Main Streets. Charleston is located in west-central Kanawha County at 38°20′59.35″N 81°37′57.44″W / 38.3498194°N 81.6326222°W / 38.3498194; -81.6326222 (38.3498195, -81.6326235). The elevation is 597 feet (182 m) above sea level. It lies within the ecoregion of the Western Allegheny Plateau . According to
5760-473: The Family that Black people would rise up and kill the entire White population except for Manson and his followers, but that they were not intelligent enough to survive on their own; they would need a white man to lead them, and so they would serve Manson as their "master". In late-1968, Manson adopted the term " Helter Skelter ", taken from a song on the Beatles ' recently released White Album , to refer to this upcoming war. On March 23, 1969, Manson entered
5888-464: The Family; the members were evicted from his home three weeks before the lease was scheduled to expire. When Manson subsequently sought further contact, he left a bullet with Wilson's housekeeper to be delivered with a threatening message. Band manager Nick Grillo recalled that Wilson became concerned after Manson had got "into a much heavier drug situation ... taking a tremendous amount of acid and Dennis wouldn't tolerate it and asked him to leave. It
6016-485: The HAFMC became subjects of their research, including Manson and his expanding group of mostly female followers, who came to see Roger Smith regularly. Manson received permission from Roger Smith to move from Berkeley to the Haight-Ashbury District. He first took LSD and would use it frequently during his time there. David Smith, who had studied the effects of LSD and amphetamines in rodents, wrote that
6144-531: The Kanawha River, and the first salt well was drilled in 1806. This created a prosperous time and great economic growth for the area. By 1808, 1,250 pounds of salt were being produced a day, and the Farmers' Repository newspaper began publication. An area adjacent to Charleston, Kanawha Salines (now Malden ) would become the top salt producer in the world. The brines were heated over open flames causing
6272-903: The Kanawha Valley Ringers, the West Virginia Kickers, the Charleston Metro Band, the West Virginia Youth Symphony, the Mountain State Brass Band, and the Kanawha Valley Community Band. The now-defunct Charleston Neophonic Orchestra has also performed at the event. The NPR program Mountain Stage was founded in Charleston in 1983. The live performance music program, produced by West Virginia Public Broadcasting , and heard on
6400-555: The Monkees in late-1965; this is refuted by the fact that Manson was still incarcerated at McNeil Island at that time. In June 1966, Manson was sent for the second time to Terminal Island in preparation for early release. By the time of his release day on March 21, 1967, he had spent more than half of his thirty-two years in prisons and other institutions. This was mainly because he had broken federal laws. Federal sentences were, and remain, much more severe than state sentences for many of
6528-561: The United States Congress approved the formation of the state of West Virginia , which was admitted on June 20, 1863, as the 35th state, and the Restored Government of Virginia moved to Alexandria . Although a state now existed, choosing a state capital location proved to be difficult. For several years, the West Virginia capital intermittently traveled between Wheeling and Charleston. In 1877, however,
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#17328008451026656-525: The United States, went into operation. In the same year, "Charlestown" was shortened to "Charleston" to avoid confusion with another Charles Town in eastern West Virginia, which was named after George Washington's brother, Charles Washington . A lyceum was established around 1841. Captain James Wilson, while drilling for salt, struck the first natural gas well in 1815. It was drilled at
6784-720: The Walker Theatre, the Avampato Discovery Museum and the Juliet Art Museum . Also on site is the ElectricSky Theater, a 175-seat combination planetarium and dome-screen cinema. Movies shown at the theatre include educational large format ( 70 mm ) presentations and are often seen in similar Omnimax theatres. Planetarium shows are staged as a combination of pre-recorded and live presentations. The West Virginia Music Hall of Fame
6912-465: The alias "Charles Willis Manson." Before the end of summer, he and some of his followers began traveling in an old school bus they had adapted, putting colored rugs and pillows in place of the many seats they had removed. They eventually settled in the Los Angeles areas of Topanga Canyon , Malibu and Venice along the coast. In 1967, Brunner became pregnant by Manson. On April 15, 1968, she gave birth to their son, whom she named Valentine Michael, in
7040-492: The area for long. The Union soldiers returned in force just six weeks later and retook the city. Charleston would remain under Union control for the remainder of the war. In addition to the dispute over slavery, the North wanted to separate West Virginia from the rest of the state for economic reasons. The heavy industries in the North, particularly the steel business of the upper Ohio River region, were dependent on coal from
7168-465: The attempt to cash the Treasury check was still a federal offense. Manson's September 1961 annual review noted he had a "tremendous drive to call attention to himself", an observation echoed in September 1964. In 1963, Leona was granted a divorce. During the process she alleged that she and Manson had a son, Charles Luther Manson. According to a popular urban legend , Manson auditioned unsuccessfully for
7296-526: The authorities, but he didn't, and the rest of it happened." Manson established a base for the Family at the Spahn Ranch in August 1968, after their eviction from Wilson's residence. The ranch had been a television and movie set for Westerns , but the buildings had deteriorated by the late-1960s. The ranch then derived revenue primarily from selling horseback rides. Female Family members did chores around
7424-419: The authorities. Manson was arrested on July 31, 1967, for attempting to prevent the arrest of one of his followers, Ruth Ann Moorehouse . Instead of Manson being sent back to prison, the charge was reduced to a misdemeanor and Manson was given three additional years of probation. He avoided prosecution again in July 1968, when he and the family were arrested while moving to Los Angeles, when his bus crashed into
7552-682: The bank of the Kanawha River . Daniel Boone , who was commissioned a lieutenant colonel of the Kanawha County militia, was elected to serve in 1791 in the Virginia House of Delegates . As told in historical accounts, Boone walked all the way to Richmond , the state capital. Boone served alongside Major William Morris Jr at the House of Delegates representing Kanawha. By the early 19th century, salt brines were discovered along
7680-485: The banks of the Kanawha River to the capitol grounds. The West Virginia Dance Festival, held between April 25 and 30, features dance students from across the state that attend classes and workshops in ballet , jazz and modern dance. At the finale, the students perform in the West Virginia State Theatre; these are free to the public. Beginning in 1982, Symphony Sunday, held annually usually
7808-526: The beginning of March through early May, temperatures can vary considerably and it is not unusual at this time for day-to-day temperature fluctuations to exceed 20 °F (11 °C). Temperatures warm up considerably in late May, with warm summer-like days. Summer is warm to hot, with 23 days of highs at or above 90 °F (32 °C), sometimes reaching 95 °F (35 °C), often accompanied by high humidity. Autumn features crisp evenings that warm quickly to mild to warm afternoons. Winters are chilly, with
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#17328008451027936-420: The butt of Watson's gun, which bent the barrel and broke off one side of the gun grip, which was recovered at the scene. In the house, Tate pleaded to be allowed to live long enough to give birth and offered herself as a hostage in an attempt to save the life of her unborn child. Instead both Atkins and Watson stabbed Tate sixteen times, killing her. The coroner's inquest found that Tate was still alive when she
8064-575: The change in Manson's personality during this time "was the most abrupt Roger Smith had observed in his entire professional career." Manson also read the book Stranger in a Strange Land , a science fiction novel by Robert Heinlein . Inspired by the burgeoning free love philosophy in Haight–Ashbury during the Summer of Love , Manson began preaching his own philosophy based on a mixture of Stranger in
8192-573: The check-cashing charge, he was ordered to serve his ten-year sentence. Manson spent a year trying unsuccessfully to appeal the revocation of his probation. In July 1961, he was transferred from the Los Angeles County Jail to the United States Penitentiary at McNeil Island , Washington. There, he took guitar lessons from Barker–Karpis gang leader Alvin "Creepy" Karpis , and obtained from another inmate
8320-453: The chest and abdomen, killing him in the front seat of his white 1965 AMC Ambassador coupe. Watson ordered the women to help push the car up the driveway. Watson next cut the screen of a window, then told Kasabian to keep watch down by the gate; she walked over to Parent's car and waited. Watson removed the screen, entered through the window and let Atkins and Krenwinkel in through the front door. He whispered to Atkins and awoke Frykowski, who
8448-537: The citizens voted on a permanent location. Charleston received 41,243 votes, Clarksburg received 29,442 and Martinsburg received 8,046; Wheeling was not considered. Charleston won, and eight years later the first state capitol building was opened there. The West Virginia Historical and Antiquarian Society was headquartered in Charleston in 1890. In 1891, the West Virginia Colored Institute, now known as West Virginia State University ,
8576-400: The city limits: Charleston has a four-season humid subtropical climate ( Köppen Cfa ) with continental climate ( Dfa ) elements. Especially in winter, Charleston's average temperatures are warmer than the rest of the state, due to the city being west of the higher elevations. Spring is the most unpredictable season, and spring-like weather usually arrives in late March or early April. From
8704-542: The city was 42.2 years. As of the 2010 census , there were 51,400 people, 23,453 households, and 12,587 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,630.7 inhabitants per square mile (629.6/km ). There were 26,205 housing units at an average density of 831.4 inhabitants per square mile (321.0/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 78.4% White , 15.5% African American , 0.2% Native American , 2.3% Asian , 0.3% from other races , and 3.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 1.4% of
8832-427: The city was 50.9% male and 49.1% female. There are 21,746 households accounted for in the 2022 ACS, with an average of 2.12 persons per household. The city's a median gross rent is $ 870 in the 2022 ACS. The 2022 ACS reports a median household income of $ 58,902, with 60.8% of households are owner occupied. 17.0% of the city's population lives at or below the poverty line (down from previous ACS surveys). The city boasts
8960-477: The city was 74.7% White , 14.8% African American , 0.3% Native American , 2.6% Asian , 0.0% Pacific Islander , 1.1% from some other races and 6.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 2.0% of the population. There were 22,082 households, of which 36.8% were married couples living together, 34.7% had a female householder with no spouse present, 22% had a male householder with no spouse present. The average household and family size
9088-543: The city's economy. Charleston is the home of the Charleston Dirty Birds of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball , and the annual 15-mile (24 km) Charleston Distance Run . Yeager Airport and the University of Charleston are in the city. West Virginia State University is in the local area as well as West Virginia University and Marshall University satellite campuses. After
9216-455: The city. The population density was 1,690.4 inhabitants per square mile (652.7/km ). There were 27,131 housing units at an average density of 858.5 inhabitants per square mile (331.5/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 80.63% White , 15.07% Black or African American , 0.24% Native American , 1.83% Asian , 0.03% Pacific Islander , 0.30% from other races , and 1.91% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 0.81% of
9344-478: The contact information of Phil Kaufman , a producer at Universal Studios in Hollywood . Among Manson's fellow prisoners during this time was future actor Danny Trejo , with the two participating in several hypnosis sessions together. Manson's mother moved to Washington State to be closer to him during his McNeil Island incarceration, working nearby as a waitress. Although the Mann Act charge had been dropped,
9472-659: The entire name entered onto a birth certificate or birth register may by that fact alone become the person's legal name . The assumption in the Western world is often that the name from birth (or perhaps from baptism or brit milah ) will persist to adulthood in the normal course of affairs—either throughout life or until marriage. Some reasons for changes of a person's name include middle names , diminutive forms, changes relating to parental status (due to one's parents' divorce or adoption by different parents), and gender transition . The French and English-adopted née
9600-471: The federal crime of driving a stolen car across state lines, Manson was sent to Washington, D.C. 's National Training School for Boys . On arrival he was given aptitude tests which determined that he was illiterate but had an above-average IQ of 109. His case worker deemed him aggressively antisocial . On a psychiatrist's recommendation, Manson was transferred in October 1951 to Natural Bridge Honor Camp,
9728-649: The first weekend in June, is a full day of music, food, and family fun, culminating in a free performance by the West Virginia Symphony Orchestra and a fireworks display following. Throughout the day, local performing community dance and music ensembles present a series of their own selected pieces with the final performance being by the West Virginia Symphony Orchestra. The local performing community dance and music ensembles that perform for Symphony Sunday include
9856-466: The front porch to ask him what he wanted. Manson said that he was looking for Melcher, whose name Hatami did not recognize. Hatami told him the place was the Polanski residence and then advised him to try the path to the guest house beyond the main house. Tate appeared behind Hatami in the house's front door and asked him who was calling. Hatami and Tate maintained their positions while Manson went back to
9984-454: The grounds of 10050 Cielo Drive , which he had known as Melcher's residence. He was not invited. As he approached the main house, Manson was met by Shahrokh Hatami, an Iranian photographer who had befriended film director Roman Polanski and his wife Sharon Tate during the making of the documentary Mia and Roman . Hatami was there to photograph Tate before she departed for Rome the following day. Seeing Manson approach, Hatami had gone onto
10112-402: The guest house by the persons in the main house; Altobelli asked Manson not to disturb his tenants. Altobelli and Tate flew together to Rome the next day. Tate asked him whether "that creepy-looking guy" had gone to see him at the guest house the day before. Tex Watson became involved in drug dealing and robbed a 22-year-old rival named Bernard "Lotsapoppa" Crowe. Crowe allegedly responded with
10240-417: The guest house without a word, returned to the front a minute or two later and left. That evening, Manson returned to the property and again went to the guest house. He entered the enclosed porch and spoke with Altobelli, the owner, who had just come out of the shower. Manson asked for Melcher, but Altobelli felt that Manson was instead looking for him. It was later discovered that Manson had apparently been to
10368-592: The help of fellow inmate Lanier Rayner, and in July 1961 listed Scientology as his religion. A September 1961 prison report argues that Manson "appears to have developed a certain amount of insight into his problems through his study of this discipline". Another prison report in August 1966 stated that Manson was no longer an advocate of Scientology. Upon his release in 1967, Manson traveled to Los Angeles where he reportedly "met local Scientologists and attended several parties for movie stars". Manson completed 150 hours of auditing . His "right hand man", Bruce Davis , worked at
10496-524: The house and "totally destroy" everyone in it, and to do it "as gruesome as you can". Manson told the women to do as Watson instructed them. The occupants of the Cielo Drive house that evening were Tate, aged 26, who was 8 1 ⁄ 2 months pregnant; her friend and former lover 35-year-old Jay Sebring , a noted celebrity hairstylist; Polanski's friend 32-year-old Wojciech Frykowski; and Frykowski's 25-year-old girlfriend Abigail Anne Folger, heiress to
10624-428: The late spring and throughout the summer, and occasionally they can be quite severe, producing the rare tornado . Record temperatures have ranged from −17 °F (−27 °C) on December 30, 1917, to 108 °F (42 °C) on August 6, 1918, and July 4, 1931. However, decades can pass between temperatures of 100 °F (37.8 °C) or hotter, and the last such instance was July 8, 2012 . The record cold maximum
10752-560: The legislature in 1921, authorized construction of the present capitol . Architect Cass Gilbert designed the buff-colored Indiana limestone structure in the Italian Renaissance style, with a final cost of just under $ 10 million. After the three stages of construction were completed, Governor William G. Conley dedicated the West Virginia State Capitol on June 20, 1932. Charleston Municipal Airport
10880-407: The metaphor, "transport way", in the local language. It was and is the name of the river that flows through Charleston. The grammar of the "hard H" sound soon dropped out as new arrivals of various European languages developed West Virginia. The phrase has been a matter of Register (sociolinguistics) . A two-story jail was the first county structure to be built, with the first floor literally dug into
11008-475: The population. The five most common ancestries were German (12.4%), English (11.6%), American (11.4%), Irish (10.6%), and Italian (3.9%). There were 24,505 households, out of which 23.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.9% were married couples living together, 13.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 44.4% were non-families. 38.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.5% had someone living alone who
11136-443: The population. There were 23,453 households, of which 24.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.6% were married couples living together, 14.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 46.3% were non-families. 39.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size
11264-426: The property on earlier occasions after Melcher left. Altobelli told Manson through the screen door that Melcher had moved to Malibu and said that he did not know his new address, although he did. Altobelli told Manson he was leaving the country the next day, and Manson said he would like to speak with him upon his return. Altobelli said that he would be gone for more than a year. Manson said that he had been directed to
11392-468: The ranch and, occasionally, had sex on Manson's orders with the nearly blind 80-year-old owner, George Spahn ; the women also acted as guides for him. In exchange, Spahn allowed Manson and his group to live at the ranch for free. The Manson Family evolved into a doomsday cult when Manson became fixated on the idea of an imminent apocalyptic race war between America's Black minority and the larger White population. A white supremacist , Manson told some of
11520-422: The recordings remain unheard by the public. Band engineer Stephen Desper said that the Manson sessions were done "for Dennis [Wilson] and Terry Melcher". In September 1968, Wilson recorded a Manson song for the Beach Boys, originally titled "Cease to Exist" but reworked as " Never Learn Not to Love ", as a single B-side released the following December. The writing was credited solely to Wilson. When asked why Manson
11648-592: The residence, Beausoleil or one of the women used Hinman's blood to write "political piggy" on the wall and to draw a panther paw, a Black Panther symbol. According to Beausoleil, he came to Hinman's house to recover money paid to Hinman for mescaline provided to the Straight Satans that had supposedly been bad. Beausoleil added that Brunner and Atkins, unaware of his intent, went along to visit Hinman. Atkins, in her 1977 autobiography, wrote that Manson directed Beausoleil, Brunner and her to go to Hinman's and get
11776-506: The same offenses. Telling the authorities that prison had become his home, he requested permission to stay. Less than a month after his 1967 release, Manson moved to Berkeley from Los Angeles, which could have been a probation violation. Instead, after calling the San Francisco probation office upon his arrival, he was transferred to the supervision of criminology doctoral researcher and federal probation officer Roger Smith. Until
11904-527: The same two girls hitchhiking again and this time took them to his home at 14400 Sunset Boulevard . Wilson later recalled that he "told [the girls] about our involvement with the Maharishi and they told me they too had a guru, a guy named Charlie [Manson] who'd recently come out of jail after twelve years." Wilson then went to a recording session; when he returned later that night, he was met in his driveway by Manson, and when Wilson walked into his home, about
12032-538: The school eighteen times. Manson developed a self-defense technique he later called the "insane game", in which he would screech, grimace and wave his arms to convince stronger aggressors that he was insane. After a number of failed attempts, he escaped with two other boys in February 1951. The three escapees robbed filling stations while attempting to drive to California in stolen cars until they were arrested in Utah . For
12160-478: The signature hippie locale. Manson soon had the first of his groups of followers, most of them female. They were later dubbed as the "Manson Family" by Los Angeles prosecutor Vincent Bugliosi and the media. Manson allegedly taught his followers that they were the reincarnation of the original Christians , and that The Establishment could be characterized as the Romans . Sometime around 1967, Manson began using
12288-482: The site that is now the junction of Brooks Street and Kanawha Boulevard (near the present-day state capitol complex). In 1817, coal was first discovered and gradually became used as the fuel for the salt works. The Kanawha salt industry declined in importance after 1861, until the onset of World War I brought a demand for chemical products. The chemicals needed were chlorine and sodium hydroxide , which could be made from salt brine . The town continued to grow until
12416-702: The spring of 1968, Smith worked at the Haight Ashbury Free Medical Clinic (HAFMC), which Manson and his family came to frequent. Roger Smith, as well as the HAFMC's founder David Smith, received funding from the National Institutes of Health , and reportedly the CIA , to study the effects of drugs like LSD and methamphetamine on the counterculture movement in San Francisco's Haight–Ashbury District. The patients at
12544-507: The state, attracted by the area's natural resources. The city established a chamber of commerce in 1900. There was a large amount of new construction in Charleston during this period. A number of those buildings, including churches and office buildings, still stand in the heart of downtown along and bordering Capitol Street. The State Bureau of Archives and History was established in 1905, and the Charleston Public Library
12672-458: The supervision of Roger Smith and many of the staff at the HAFMC. The core members of Manson's following eventually included: Brunner; Charles "Tex" Watson , a musician and former actor; Bobby Beausoleil , a former musician and pornographic actor; Susan Atkins ; Patricia Krenwinkel ; and Leslie Van Houten . Supervised by his ostensible parole officer Roger Smith, Manson grew his family through drug use and prostitution without interference from
12800-490: The supposed inheritance of $ 21,000. She said that two days earlier Manson had told her privately that, if she wanted to "do something important", she could kill Hinman and get his money. Beausoleil was arrested on August 6, 1969, after he was caught driving Hinman's car. Police found the murder weapon in the tire well. On the night of August 8, 1969, Watson took Atkins, Krenwinkel and Linda Kasabian to 10050 Cielo Drive. Watson later claimed that Manson had instructed him to go to
12928-502: The term z domu (literally meaning "of the house", de domo in Latin ) may be used, with rare exceptions, meaning the same as née . Charleston, West Virginia Charleston is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of West Virginia and the seat of Kanawha County . Located at the confluence of the Elk and Kanawha rivers. The population was 48,864 at
13056-522: The use of "LSD and … unconventional sexual practices" that would turn his followers into "empty vessels that would accept anything he poured." Manson Family member Paul Watkins testified that Manson would encourage group LSD trips and take lower doses himself to "keep his wits about him." Watkins stated that "Charlie's trip was to program us all to submit." By the end of his stay in the Haight in April 1968, Manson had attracted twenty or so followers, all under
13184-420: The war effort. After the war ended, Charleston was on the brink of some significant construction. One of the first during this period was Kanawha Airport (now Yeager Airport , named after General Chuck Yeager ). Built in 1947, the construction encompassed clearing 360 acres (1.5 km ) on three mountaintops and moving more than nine million cubic yards of earth. Kanawha Boulevard, a riverfront four-lane road,
13312-479: The water to evaporate and leaving behind a residue of salt crystals. Much of the work was done by enslaved peoples. Historian Cyrus Forman estimated at the height of production as many as 3,000 slaves worked at more than 60 salt furnaces which operated 24 hours a day, seven days a week. The Holly Grove Mansion was established during this period. In 1818, the Kanawha Salt Company, the first trust in
13440-668: The western Virginia mines. Federal units from Ohio marched into western Virginia quite early in the war solely to capture the coal mines and control transportation in the area. The Wheeling Convention of 1861 declared the Ordinance of Succession, and the Confederate state government in Richmond , to be illegal and void, and formed the Unionist Restored Government of Virginia . The Restored Government and
13568-413: The women to lie in the bushes. He stepped out and ordered the approaching driver, Parent, to halt. Watson leveled a .22 caliber revolver at Parent, who begged him not to hurt him, claiming that he would not say anything. Watson lunged at Parent with a knife, giving him a defensive slash wound on the palm of his hand that severed tendons and tore the boy's watch off his wrist, then shot him four times in
13696-668: The world on the Voice of America satellite service. The new Robert C. Byrd Federal Building, Haddad Riverfront Park and Capitol Market are just a few new developments that have helped growth in the downtown area during the 1990s. Charleston launched its city website in 1998. 2003 marked the opening of the Clay Center for the Arts & Sciences . The center includes the Maier Foundation Performance Hall,
13824-435: Was 2.11 and the average family size was 2.83. The median age in the city was 41.7 years. 20.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.9% were from 25 to 44; 29.9% were from 45 to 64; and 16.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.6% male and 52.4% female. As of the 2000 census , there were 53,421 people, 24,505 households, and 13,624 families residing in
13952-439: Was 2.94. The median age in the city was 41.7 years with 18.9% of the population under 18. The median income for a household in the city was $ 54,101 and the poverty rate was 17.5%. The median age in the city was 36.0. 27.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.9% were between the ages of 25 and 44; 21.9% were between the ages of 45 and 64; and 13.9% were 65 and older. The gender makeup of
14080-400: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.11 and the average family size was 2.82. The age distribution was 20.7% under 18, 8.4% from 18 to 24, 27.9% from 25 to 44, 25.3% from 45 to 64, and 17.6% who were 65 or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 87.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.7 males. The median income for
14208-549: Was aged 9, he set his school on fire . He also got repeatedly in trouble for truancy and petty theft. Although there was a lack of foster home placements, in 1947, at the age of 13, Manson was placed in the Gibault School for Boys in Terre Haute, Indiana , a school for male delinquents run by Catholic priests. Gibault was a strict school, where punishment for even the smallest infraction included beatings with either
14336-486: Was also built in the early 1940s. The Charleston Civic Center opened in 1959. Charleston began to be integrated into the Interstate Highway System in the 1960s when three major interstate systems— I-64 , I-77 and I-79 were designated, all converging in Charleston. In 1961, the Kanawha River flooded much of the lower-lying parts of Charleston. In 1973, Morris Harvey College was renamed to be
14464-558: Was arrested two weeks later during a nighttime raid on a Peoria store. In the investigation that followed, he was linked to his two earlier armed robberies. He was sent to the Indiana Boys School , a strict reform school outside of Plainfield, Indiana . At the Indiana Boys School, other students allegedly raped Manson with the encouragement of a staff member, and he was repeatedly beaten. He ran away from
14592-508: Was born on November 12, 1934, to 15-year-old Ada Kathleen Maddox (1919–1973) of Ashland, Kentucky , in the University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center in Cincinnati , Ohio. Manson's biological father appears to have been Colonel Walker Henderson Scott, Sr. (1910–1954) of Catlettsburg, Kentucky , against whom Maddox filed a paternity suit that resulted in an agreed judgment in 1937. Scott worked intermittently in local mills, and had
14720-530: Was deeded 1,250 acres (5 km ) of land near the mouth of the Elk River in 1773. It was inherited by his brother, Cuthbert Bullitt , upon his death in 1778, and sold to Colonel George Clendenin in 1786. The first permanent settlement, Fort Lee, was built in 1787 by Col. Clendenin and his company of Virginia Rangers. This structure occupied the area that is now the intersection of Brooks Street and Kanawha Boulevard. Historical conjecture indicates that Charleston
14848-431: Was difficult for Dennis because he was afraid of Charlie." Writing in his 2016 memoir , Mike Love recalled Wilson saying he had witnessed Manson shooting a black man "in half" with an M16 rifle and hiding the body inside a well. Melcher said that Wilson had been aware that the Family "were killing people" and had been "so freaked out he just didn't want to live anymore. He was afraid, and he thought he should have gone to
14976-560: Was established in 1909. The city's first chemical manufacturer began operation in 1913. Three years later, the Libbey-Owens-Ford glass manufactory was built, as well as Charleston High School . Another large manufacturer, Owens Bottle Company , opened in 1917. Charleston City Hall was built in 1921. In the same year, a fire at the capitol building resulted in a new, hastily built structure being opened, but it too burned down in 1927. A Capitol Building Commission, created by
15104-507: Was established in 1909. In 1934, the city library expanded to become the Kanawha County Public Library system. In 1935, Morris Harvey College relocated to Charleston from Barboursville, West Virginia . Charleston Municipal Auditorium was completed in 1939. During World War II , the first and largest styrene-butadiene plant in the U.S. opened in nearby Institute , providing a replacement for rubber to
15232-415: Was established in 2005. Many festivals and events were also incorporated into the calendar, including Multifest, Vandalia Festival, a July 4 celebration with fireworks at Haddad Riverfront Park, and the already popular Sternwheel Regatta, which was founded in 1970, provided a festive atmosphere for residents to enjoy. In 2005 FestivALL Charleston was established and has grown into a ten-day festival offering
15360-534: Was established. The following year, Capitol City Commercial College was founded. Charleston's Basilica of the Co-Cathedral of the Sacred Heart was completed in 1897. Charleston became the center of state government. Natural resources, such as coal and natural gas , along with railroad expansion, also contributed to growth. New industries such as chemical, glass , timber and steel migrated to
15488-472: Was hanged with the nylon rope, although the cause of her death was determined as a " massive hemorrhage ", while in Sebring's murder it was found that he was hanged lifeless. Birth name#Maiden and married names A birth name is the name given to a person upon birth. The term may be applied to the surname , the given name , or the entire name. Where births are required to be officially registered,
15616-443: Was in prison, Rosalie gave birth to their son, Charles Manson Jr. (April 10, 1956 – June 29, 1993). During his first year at Terminal Island, Manson received visits from Rosalie and his mother, who were now living together in Los Angeles. In March 1957, when the visits from his wife ceased, his mother informed him Rosalie was living with another man. Less than two weeks before a scheduled parole hearing, Manson tried to escape by stealing
15744-600: Was not credited, Wilson explained that Manson relinquished his publishing rights in favor of "about a hundred thousand dollars' worth of stuff". Around this time, the Family destroyed two of Wilson's luxury cars. Wilson eventually distanced himself from Manson and moved out of the Sunset Boulevard house, leaving the Family there, and subsequently took residence at a basement apartment in Santa Monica . Virtually all of Wilson's household possessions were stolen by
15872-797: Was placed in the home of an aunt and uncle in McMechen, West Virginia . His mother was paroled in 1942. Manson later characterized the first weeks after she returned from prison as the happiest time in his life. Weeks after her release, Manson's family moved to Charleston, West Virginia , where he continually played truant and his mother spent her evenings drinking. She was arrested for grand larceny , but not convicted. The family later moved to Indianapolis , where Maddox met alcoholic Lewis Woodson Cavender Jr. (1916–1979) through Alcoholics Anonymous meetings, and married him in August ;1943. In an interview with Diane Sawyer , Manson stated that when he
16000-404: Was sleeping on the living room couch. Watson kicked him in the head, and Frykowski asked him who he was and what he was doing there. Watson replied, "I'm the devil, and I'm here to do the devil's business." On Watson's direction, Atkins found the house's three other occupants with Krenwinkel's help and forced them to the living room. Watson began to tie Tate and Sebring together by their necks with
16128-587: Was then moved to a maximum security reformatory at Chillicothe, Ohio , where he was expected to remain until his release on his 21st birthday in November 1955. Good behavior led to an early release in May 1954, to live with his aunt and uncle in West Virginia. In January 1955, Manson married a hospital waitress named Rosalie "Rosie" Jean Willis (January 28, 1939 – August 21, 2009). Around October, about three months after he and his pregnant wife arrived in Los Angeles in
16256-619: Was used extensively during the American Revolution . The town of Charleston was incorporated by the Virginia House of Delegates in 1794 with the trustees being William Morris , Leonard Morris , and Daniel Boone . Early industries important to Charleston included salt and the first natural gas well. Later, coal became central to economic prosperity in the city and the surrounding area. Today, trade, utilities, government, medicine, and education play central roles in
16384-430: Was wealthy and sent her, Brunner, and Beausoleil to Hinman's home to convince him to join the Family and turn over the assets Manson thought Hinman had inherited. The three held Hinman hostage for two days in late July 1969, as he denied having any money. During this time, Manson arrived with a sword and slashed his face and ear. After that, Beausoleil stabbed Hinman to death, allegedly on Manson's instruction. Before leaving
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