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Mapoon, Queensland

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82-846: Download coordinates as: Mapoon is a coastal town in the Aboriginal Shire of Mapoon and a locality split between the Aboriginal Shire of Mapoon and the Shire of Cook in Queensland , Australia. In the 2021 census , the locality of Mapoon had a population of 469 people. Teppathiggi (also known Tepithiki and Teyepathiggi) is an Australian Aboriginal language of the Western Cape York Peninsula, Middle Dulcie River, Lower Batavia River, Ducie River , and Mapoon. The language region includes areas within

164-594: A census was held simultaneously in each of the colonies. This was part of a census of the British Empire . The questions posed in the colonies were not uniform and Henry Heylyn Hayter , who conducted the Victorian census, found that this caused difficulties in dealing with Australia-wide data. The population of Australia counted in the census was 2,231,531. At the time, the Northern Territory

246-577: A letter. Contrary to previous years where censuses were both delivered and retrieved from households by dedicated census employees, in 2016 most of the paperwork relating to the census was delivered from and to the ABS by Australia Post . The 2016 census was met by two controversies. The first was that the retention of names and addresses increased to up to 4 years, from 18 months in the 2006 and 2011 censuses, leading to concerns about privacy and data security. As such, some Australian Senate crossbenchers (from

328-426: A library connection. Camping facilities near the town are found at Cullen Point and Janie Creek. The area is known for excellent fishing and crabbing. An alcohol management plan (AMP) exists in the community, with restrictions on the amount and type of liquor that may be carried on persons or vehicles in the area. This AMP was formulated and requested by the majority of Elders within the community and passed by law by

410-415: A population of 432 people. Most local government areas are a single contiguous area (possibly including islands). However, Aboriginal Shires are often defined as a number of disjoint areas each containing an Indigenous community. In the case of the Aboriginal Shire of Mapoon, there are three areas all within the locality of Mapoon (which is otherwise within the Shire of Cook ), two to the north and south of

492-593: A provision (section 127), which said: "In reckoning the numbers of the people of the Commonwealth, or of a State or other part of the Commonwealth, Aboriginal [persons   ...] shall not be counted." In 1967, a referendum was held which approved two amendments to the Australian constitution relating to Indigenous Australians. The second of the two amendments deleted section 127 from the Constitution. It

574-506: A subsidiary company of the Canadian company Alcan, was granted a 105-year mining lease (ML7031, formerly Special bauxite lease No. 8) covering 1,690 square miles (4,400 km ) in the hinterland behind Mapoon. From the 1960s, Jean Jimmy and other former mission residents lobbied for the re-establishment of the community at Old Mapoon. In 1974, Jerry and Ina Hudson and several other families returned to Old Mapoon and, in 1984, established

656-424: Is a 3.3-hectare (8.2-acre) marine island ( 11°59′58″S 141°53′38″E  /  11.9994°S 141.8940°E  / -11.9994; 141.8940  ( Flying Fox Island ) ) in the west of Port Musgrave close to the coastline north of the town. During the wet season from December to April the town is largely inaccessible except by air and sea. There is an airstrip 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) south of

738-481: Is a primary (Early Childhood-6) school headquartered at Rocky Point , Weipa . Its campus in Mapoon is on Red Beach Road ( 12°00′58″S 141°54′00″E  /  12.0161°S 141.8999°E  / -12.0161; 141.8999  ( Western Cape College - Mapoon ) ). Presently the town has a primary school, nursing station, council office and small shop providing fuel and food. Local people are employed on

820-505: Is based on the geographic area in which a group originated or developed; and the similarity of cultural and ethnic groups in terms of social and cultural characteristics. The classification is specific to Australian needs and was developed by the Australian Bureau of Statistics. The classification is based on the self-perceived group identification approach, using a self assessed response to a direct question. This approach measures

902-597: Is on a peninsula that extends into the Gulf of Carpentaria with Cullen Point (also known as Tullanaringa Point) at its tip ( 11°57′23″S 141°54′30″E  /  11.9564°S 141.9083°E  / -11.9564; 141.9083  ( Cullen Point (Tullanaringa Point) ) ), creating a side bay of the Gulf called Port Musgrave ( 12°01′00″S 141°57′09″E  /  12.0166°S 141.9525°E  / -12.0166; 141.9525  ( Port Musgrave ) ), which

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984-510: Is probably named after Sir Anthony Musgrave , the Queensland Governor from 1883 to 1888. Ducie River ( 12°03′06″S 142°01′14″E  /  12.0516°S 142.0206°E  / -12.0516; 142.0206  ( Ducie River (mouth) ) ) and Wenlock River ( 12°03′29″S 141°55′42″E  /  12.0581°S 141.9283°E  / -12.0581; 141.9283  ( Wenlock River (mouth) ) ) flow though

1066-618: Is run by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS). Every person must complete the census, although some personal questions are not compulsory. The penalty for failing to complete the census after being directed to by the Australian Statistician is one federal penalty unit , or A$ 220 . The Australian Bureau of Statistics Act 1975 and Census and Statistics Act 1905 authorise the ABS to collect, store, and share anonymised data. The first Australian census

1148-569: The 2006 census , the locality of Mapoon had a population of 239. In the 2011 census , the town of Mapoon recorded a population of 263 and 90% of the town's population was of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander descent. In the 2016 census , the locality of Mapoon had a population of 317 people. In the 2021 census , the locality of Mapoon had a population of 469 people. Mapoon is on the western side of Cape York Peninsula in Far North Queensland , Australia. The town of Mapoon

1230-522: The Census of Population and Housing , is the national census in Australia that occurs every five years. The census collects key demographic, social and economic data from all people in Australia on census night, including overseas visitors and residents of Australian external territories , only excluding foreign diplomats. The census is the largest and most significant statistical event in Australia and

1312-775: The Community Services (Aborigines) Act 1984.  After its establishment, the Mapoon Aboriginal Council became one of the trustees of the Mapoon Land Trust. On 1 January 2005, under the Local Government (Community Government Areas) Act 2004 (CGA), the Aboriginal Shire of Mapoon was established and the Mapoon Aboriginal Council became the Mapoon Aboriginal Shire Council. In the 2016 census ,

1394-776: The Ducie River , the lower reaches of the Dulhunty River and the upper reaches of the Skardon River in the north. Following the displacement of Indigenous people by British settlement, it was also spoken in the Northern Peninsula Area Region including the communities of New Mapoon , Injinoo and Cowal Creek . In 1891 the Moravian Church established a mission at Mapoon with the aim of providing education and health services to

1476-470: The Greens , Nick Xenophon Team and Jacqui Lambie Network ) said they would not complete those specific sections of the census, despite the fines associated with incorrect completion of the census. The second was that many Australians could not complete the census online on the designated day. While a paper census form was also available on request, for 2016 the ABS was aiming for two-thirds online. However,

1558-528: The Industrial and Reformatory Schools Act (1865) (Qld) in 1901. Mapoon’s status as an industrial school meant that it became an official location for the institutionalisation of Aboriginal children forcibly removed from their parents under this legislation. Around this time, Aboriginal groups from the Pine and Pennefather Rivers began moving into the mission as the reserve was expanded south to incorporate

1640-573: The Northern Territory to 8.9% in Western Australia . The peak lodgement was between 8pm and 9pm on census night, when more than 72,000 online forms were received. The eCensus remained available throughout the entire census period. During the 24-hour period of 8 August (census night), eCensus delivered more than 12.5 million page views and at 8:47 pm, more than 55,000 households were logged on simultaneously. IBM assisted with

1722-585: The Wenlock River 's mouth at the Gulf of Carpentaria and a third further up river. Mapoon was established on the traditional homelands of the Tjungundji (pronounced Choong-un-gee ) people at Cullen Point in November 1891. The name Mapoon is believed to be an anglicised translation of a Tjungundji word meaning place where people fight on the sand-hills . Before it came to be known as Mapoon,

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1804-579: The 1911 census took a long time to be released, with delays increased by World War I . The Australian population was counted in the census as 4,455,005, exclusive of Aboriginal persons of more than 50 percent Aboriginal descent. In the 1911 census, many collectors used horses. A drought in Western Australia meant that some collectors were unable to find feed for their horses. Flooding and bogs stranded some collectors in Queensland. In 1911

1886-547: The ABS from releasing any personally identifiable census data to any government, private or individual entity. In 1979, the Australian Law Reform Commission released Privacy and the Census , a report detailing legislative privacy measures related to the census. One of the key elements under question was the inclusion of names and addresses in census data. It was found that excluding names reduced

1968-435: The ABS has destroyed census forms or other census-related personal information after the census data processing period, roughly 18 months after the census. Following a public consultation process before the 2016 census, it was found that Australians expected the ABS to hold their information for as long as there is a benefit to the community, and should be destroyed as soon as that need no longer exists. Following this process,

2050-401: The ABS has revised the retention period to four years after census, instead of 18 months. Concurrently, the ABS also improved their anonymisation techniques and limits access to addresses and anonymised names to when only necessary. Since 2001, the ABS and National Archives of Australia have given respondents the option to have their complete census data, including name and address, stored in

2132-445: The ABS", with his expectation that "heads will roll" once a review was complete. Leader of the opposition Bill Shorten said that the 2016 census had been the "worst-run ... in the history of Australia". The ABS blamed service provider IBM for the failure in the online census, saying that IBM had advised on the preparedness and resilience to DDoS attacks and had not offered any further protections that could be employed. On 31 August,

2214-468: The Aboriginal Shire of Mapoon had a population of 310 people. In the 2021 census , the Aboriginal Shire of Mapoon had a population of 432 people. This article incorporates CC-BY-4.0 content from "Mapoon" . Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community histories . Queensland Government . 13 April 2015. Archived from the original on 21 May 2024 . Retrieved 21 May 2024 . 2006 Australian census The Census in Australia , officially

2296-764: The Aboriginal people. It was their first mission in Cape York Peninsula and they established it at the request of the Presbyterian Church . By 1907, under the Industrial and Reformatory Schools Act 1865 (Qld) where missions were registered as schools, it was operating as a community for local people. In the 1950s when bauxite was discovered on the Western Cape area, the Queensland Government passed legislation to help

2378-607: The Census Time Capsule. The capsule is stored securely at the National Archives for 99 years after each census and is released publicly at the end of that period. The first capsule opening will be on 7 August 2100. Indigenous Australians in contact with the colonists were enumerated at many of the colonial censuses. When the Federation of Australia occurred in 1901, the new Constitution contained

2460-479: The Commonwealth Bureau of Census and Statistics interpreted section 127 as meaning that they may enumerate Aboriginal persons but that they must be excluded from published tabulations of population. Aboriginal persons living in settled areas were counted to a greater or lesser extent in all censuses before 1967. George Handley Knibbs , the first Commonwealth Statistician , obtained a legal opinion at

2542-405: The Constitution , the "race" question was re-designed for the 1971 census and methods for remote area collection examined to improve identification of Indigenous Australian groups. There were 12,755,638 people counted. The 1976 census was the largest undertaken to date, with 53 questions. Due to budgetary restraints, the ABS was not able to complete normal processing of the data and a 50% sample

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2624-558: The Council which as well as providing services for the local community in 2006 won the contract to provide road maintenance for the all-weather 80 kilometres (50 mi) dirt road from the town of Weipa. In cooperation between the council and the State Library of Queensland , the new Mapoon Indigenous Knowledge Centre (IKC) was opened on Thursday, 18 August 2022, within the new Mapoon Cultural Centre. The IKC includes computers and

2706-594: The Director of Native Affairs, Patrick Killoran , to enforce the removal of 23 people to Bamaga . Several houses and buildings were burnt on the day to prevent their return, though a police report of this event has never been located. The remaining 70 people at Mapoon were transported to Weipa and New Mapoon between January and May 1964. In 1965, the Queensland Government passed the Alcan Queensland Pty. Limited Agreement Act 1965 . Aluminium Laboratories,

2788-626: The Director of Native Affairs, Cornelius O’Leary, for the dismissal of the then Superintendent Reverend R G Holmes and against his intention to relocate the mission to Red Beach. O’Leary and the Superintendent of Aurukun , Bill McKenzie, went to Mapoon to "restore order". By 1954, the government was very critical of Presbyterian mission management, and began pressuring the Presbyterian Church to close Mapoon and Mornington Island missions. Most Mapoon residents strongly protested

2870-532: The Government of Queensland into section 168 of the Liquor Act 1992 . It is enforced by the Queensland police based at Weipa . Aboriginal Shire of Mapoon The Aboriginal Shire of Mapoon is a local government area in Far North Queensland , Australia. It is on the western coast of Cape York Peninsula on the Gulf of Carpentaria . In the 2021 census , the Aboriginal Shire of Mapoon had

2952-608: The Marpuna Aboriginal Corporation, which gradually built up community facilities. The Mapoon Aboriginal reserve, previously held by the Queensland Government, was transferred on 26 April 1989 to the trusteeship of the Mapoon Land Trust under a Deed of Grant in Trust (DOGIT). On 25 March 2000, after many years of lobbying for their own council, members of the Mapoon community elected five councillors to constitute an autonomous Mapoon Aboriginal Council under

3034-607: The Mission was explained publicly as a measure to 'rationalise services' for the Cape indigenous people by centralising them in the Bamaga area. In November 1963, people were forced from their homes by armed police. They were then transported 200 kilometres (120 mi) by ship. The police raid was ordered and overseen by Patrick Killoran , the then-director of Aboriginal Affairs in Queensland. Aboriginal residents' houses were burnt to

3116-841: The Reformatories Act. This has now been remedied, an Industrial School proclaimed, and Rev. N. Hey appointed its first Superintendent … The Protectors are thus able to deal summarily with the Gulf children, and the State saved all the extra expenditure of forwarding them all round the Peninsula to the Aboriginal Reformatory at Cairns." Between 1901 and 1910, around 70 young people were officially removed to Mapoon, mainly from Normanton , Cloncurry , Burketown , Thursday Island and Seven Rivers. Others came from stations such as Fiery Downs, Lawn Hills and Gregory Downs. Over

3198-466: The accuracy of the data; individuals were more likely to leave questions blank. Not collecting this data would also impair the ability of the ABS to ensure that all participants have responded. The ABS protects personal information primarily through anonymisation of data. Personal information is stored separately from other census data, and separately from each other. Names are mutated into anonymised codes, which are then used to link data. Historically,

3280-500: The ancestries most closely identified with and to consider ancestry back as far as three generations. Respondents had the option of reporting more than one ancestry but only the first two ancestries they reported were coded for the census. The results for 2001 were coded using the Australian Standard Classification of Cultural and Ethnic Groups (ASCCEG). This classification of cultural and ethnic groups

3362-411: The census asked about deaf-mutism . This question was also asked in the next two censuses of 1921 and 1933. Deaf-mutism was found to be very high among 10- to 14-year-olds, with the same pattern existing in the 1921 census among 20- to 24-year-olds. The statisticians report on the 1921 census noted that it was "a reasonable assumption therefore that the abnormal number of deaf-mutes . . . was the result of

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3444-567: The census figures of 1911, 1921 and 1933. He found a peak in the level of deaf-mutism in the age cohort born in 1898 and 1899 and that this matched with a known outbreak of rubella in those years. "This was the first time in the world that the link between rubella and congenital problems with unborn children was firmly established." Australia's population counted in April 1921 was 5,435,700, exclusive of Aboriginal persons of more than 50 percent Aboriginal descent. The Statistician independently estimated

3526-466: The census was the rhyming slogan "Get online on August 9". Across many regions, paper forms were no longer delivered by default to homes, and households that wished to complete a paper census had to order such forms via an automated hotline. Letters were sent to each dwelling with unique code numbers that people would need to either login to the census website or order a paper form if they preferred. By census night, many households had still not received such

3608-459: The census were released in June 2012 on the Australian Bureau of Statistics website. The cost of the 2011 census was A$ 440 million. The census occurred on 9 August 2016. For the first time, the ABS the census was by default filled out online, claiming it expected more than 65% of Australians would be completing the census online. Reflecting this new preference, the tagline of the ad campaign for

3690-411: The census. Three punched cards were used to store individual, dwelling, and family information. The cards were processed using an electric sorting machine prior to final totalling with an electric tabulator machine, devised by Herman Hollerith . The census was subsequently conducted in 1933, 1947, 1954, and every five years from 1961 onwards. Following the 1967 referendum removing section 127 from

3772-740: The church, who informed O’Leary they would not try and convince the Mapoon people to move to Weipa , but would rely on changing attitudes as Weipa developed. O’Leary admitted to the Under-Secretary that the Presbyterians received substantially less funding than government-run settlements. By O’Leary’s conservative estimate, the Presbyterians should have received £61,075 to bring their missions up to par with Woorabinda . They received £39,500 in 1955/1956. Comalco and Alcan began bauxite exploration on Mapoon and Weipa mission reserves in 1956, creating further confusion and conflict surrounding

3854-418: The closure, and conflict developed between the church, residents of the mission and the government, delaying the closure. The Presbyterian Church demanded the government acknowledge that long-term underfunding was equally to blame for mission conditions. The Presbyterian Church was struggling financially and O’Leary refused further funding. The church threatened to walk out and residents continued to pressure

3936-426: The cruelties of mission discipline. Mapoon mission was underfunded throughout its history, and sanitation and housing shortages often caused health problems such as hookworm . In the 1920s, the mission supplemented grant funding by selling sandalwood and beche-de-mer , but these industries soon became unprofitable. In the 1930s, the mission relied on the compulsory financial contributions of residents deducted from

4018-642: The development of the eCensus, having provided similar infrastructure and technology for the Canadian census earlier that year. The 2011 census was held on the night of 9 August, using both paper and electronic "eCensus" forms. Minimal changes were made from the 2006 census due to financial constraints on the ABS during development. The 2011 census was the largest logistical peacetime operation ever undertaken in Australia, employing over 43,000 field staff to ensure approximately 14.2 million forms were delivered to 9.8 million households. The first results of

4100-430: The extensive epidemic of infectious diseases which occurred soon after many in those age groups were born". Rubella was not known to be a possible contributor. During World War II , the ophthalmologist Norman McAllister Gregg began to investigate the connection between birth defects and the infection of mothers early in their pregnancy. In 1951, prompted by Gregg's work, Australian statistician Oliver Lancaster examined

4182-472: The extent to which individuals associate with particular cultural or ethnic groups. Australia's first census was held in November 1828 in New South Wales , a British colony at the time. Previous government statistical reports had been taken from "musters" where white immigrants were brought together for counting. In 1828, the white population was 36,598: 20,870 settlers and 15,728 convicts. 23.8% of

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4264-509: The first year of Federation, 1901, was again collected by each state separately. When planning for the 1901 census it was clear that federation was soon to occur, and a uniform census schedule was adopted. The first national census was developed by the Commonwealth Bureau of Census and Statistics. The census occurred at midnight between 2 and 3 April 1911. Tabulation was carried out almost entirely by hand; over 4 million cards were sorted and physically counted for each tabulation. Results from

4346-506: The future of the missions. Without consulting the church or residents, the government negotiated with Comalco to pass legislation in 1957 that facilitated mining on the majority of 2 mission reserves and northern parts of the Aurukun reserve. The legislation did not include any formal requirement to compensate Aboriginal communities affected by mining. On 1 January 1958, Comalco was issued an 84-year lease covering an area from Vrilya Point in

4428-528: The ground in 1963 by Queensland Police . Many residents were unhappy at Bamaga, at one of the nearby communities now known as New Mapoon . Over the following years, many moved back to (Old) Mapoon and eventually the government provided new housing. Mapoon became known as one of the places involved in the fight for Indigenous land rights in the 1970s, and seven families had moved back by 1975. The Black Resource Centre in Melbourne , led by Cheryl Buchanan ,

4510-461: The interested companies Comalco and Alcan with the 'Comalco Act' ( Commonwealth Aluminium Corporation Pty Ltd Agreement Act 1957 (Qld)). As a consequence some 8,000 square kilometres (3,100 sq mi) were excised from the mission reserve. The government, together with Comalco determined to evict the residents off the mission, and they were moved forcibly by the Queensland police from Old Mapoon to New Mapoon on 15 November 1963. The closing of

4592-408: The local government boundaries of Cook Shire Council . Uradhi (also known as Anggamudi , Ankamuti , Atampaya , Bawtjathi , and Lotiga) is an Australian Aboriginal language of the Western Cape York Peninsula. The traditional language region includes north of Mapoon and Duyfken Point and east of the coast strip to the north of Port Musgrave (Angkamuthi country) incorporating the mouth of

4674-458: The locality into Port Musgrave. Red Beach is a sandy strip facing Port Musgrave adjacent to the south side of the town ( 12°01′39″S 141°54′42″E  /  12.0274°S 141.9116°E  / -12.0274; 141.9116  ( Red Beach ) ). The government-built housing is spread out in bushland along Red Beach Road towards Cullen Point, rather than being clustered together as in other Western Cape communities. Flying Fox Island

4756-551: The next 30 years, children were removed from all over Cape York Peninsula and placed on Mapoon, where many were adopted by traditional owners, who sought to provide them with a safe place. Between 1910 and 1970, only 30 people were officially removed to Mapoon from other areas, under the Protection Acts, mostly from Thursday Island and Yorke Downs. Poor soil at Cullin Point necessitated the establishment of outstations to

4838-666: The north, south almost to Aurukun mission. Comalco surrendered the land on which the Mapoon mission was located. From 1960, funding and services to Mapoon were withdrawn in an attempt to force people to relocate to New Mapoon , an area developed by the government to replace the old mission. By the end of 1962, around 162 people remained at Mapoon and, by July 1963, about 100 people had gone to New Mapoon. Those who remained at Mapoon continued campaigning against forced removal from their traditional homelands, and established alternative schooling and food supplies. On 15 November 1963, Thursday Island Police arrived at Mapoon with instructions from

4920-497: The number of Aboriginal persons, both those of more than 50 percent Aboriginal descent and those of 50 percent or more non-Aboriginal descent, by obtaining figures from police and protectors of Aboriginal persons throughout the country. One of the significant findings of the 1921 census was the low rate of males to females in the 20–30 age group, showing the impact of World War I on the population. The 1921 census introduced automatic machine tabulation equipment, hired from England for

5002-426: The online census website shut down at about 7:30 pm AEST on the night it was to be completed. According to the ABS, throughout 9 August the census website received four denial-of-service attacks . At 7:30 pm, when the site was being heavily used, a software failure meant that the ABS was unable to keep blocking the denial-of-service attacks, leading to the failure of a router. As a result, the ABS decided to close down

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5084-467: The population were born in the colony and 24.5% were women. There were 25,248 Protestants and 11,236 Catholics. Indigenous Australians were not counted. Of the 36,598 people, 638 were living in what is now Queensland . There were also 18,128 people in Tasmania . In the mid-19th century the colonial statisticians encouraged compatibility between the colonies in their respective censuses, and in 1881

5166-508: The raids of the pearlers and the beche-de-mer men". Continued abuse and health problems suffered by Aboriginal divers led the government to ban this type of employment in 1903. W E Roth noted in a 1901 annual report that: "Mapoon is the Mission Station to which hitherto we have been sending the waifs and strays from the Gulf country generally, but so far without the legal status of their being 'neglected' children as defined by

5248-431: The site of this community had previously been called Batavia River Mission. Moravian missionaries , James Gibson Ward and Reverend John Nicholas Hey, established the missio in 1891. They are said to have brought several South Sea Islander men to Mapoon to assist them. The Queensland Government forcibly removed many children from the Gulf of Carpentaria region to Mapoon when the mission became an industrial school under

5330-412: The south of Mapoon in the early 1900s, where mission residents lived and grew food crops. Children were housed in dormitories to facilitate their conversion to Christianity, schooling and training for domestic or rural work. In 1909, Reverend Hey was subjected to an official inquiry after he flogged and tarred a young dormitory woman. Hey was exonerated, but evidence published in newspapers drew attention to

5412-402: The system as a precaution. The ABS reported that no census data were compromised. The Australian Signals Directorate was assisting the ABS to bring the infrastructure back online more than 24 hours after the closure. The census website was restored at 2:30 pm on 11 August. On the same day, Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull stated his displeasure over the event, which had "been a failure of

5494-524: The territories of Cocos (Keeling) Islands were included in the 2006 census, following the enactment of the Territories Law Reform Act 1992 . The 2006 census contained 60 questions, all of which were compulsory except those relating to religion and household census data retention. The census cost around A$ 300 million to conduct. For the first time, respondents were given the option of completing an online "eCensus" as opposed to

5576-535: The time that persons of 50 percent or more non-Aboriginal descent were not Aboriginal persons for the purposes of the Constitution. At the first Australian census in 1911 only those Aboriginal persons living near white settlements were enumerated, and the main population tables included only those of 50 percent or more non-Aboriginal descent. Details of Aboriginal persons of 50 percent or more non-Aboriginal descent were included in separate tables to Aboriginal persons of more than 50 percent Aboriginal descent. This practice

5658-577: The town ( 12°03′00″S 141°54′23″E  /  12.0499°S 141.9063°E  / -12.0499; 141.9063  ( airstrip ) ). The Alcan Weipa mining lease covers 1,376.29 square kilometres (500 sq mi) of the locality of Mapoon. It is a bauxite mine. It includes the Myerfield Strip, an aircraft landing strip ( 12°27′04″S 141°59′44″E  /  12.4512°S 141.9955°E  / -12.4512; 141.9955  ( Myerfield Strip ) ). The name Myerfield

5740-557: The traditional lands of the Thanakwithi people. Some of the traditional owner groups who eventually came to live at Mapoon include the Mpakwithi, Taepithiggi, Thaynhakwith, Warrangku, Wimarangga and Yupungathi peoples. Mapoon was the first of four Presbyterian missions established by the government to curb the abuse of Aboriginal people in the marine industries. Reverend Hey reported that Tjungundji people had been "…decimated by

5822-527: The traditional paper-based version. By 17 August, more than 720,000 households had completed the census online. Across Australia, 8.4% of estimated dwellings lodged online. The highest percentage of internet lodgements was in the Australian Capital Territory with 14.8% of households using eCensus. This was a markedly different proportion of households than elsewhere in Australia, with the other states and territory ranging from 5.9% in

5904-732: The wages of those employed as domestics and stockmen outside the mission. During World War II , Mapoon residents prepared to "go bush" in the event of a Japanese invasion . Residents endured food and medicine shortages and suffered from illness. The mission became reliant on child endowment monies to buy rations. In the 1950s, a visiting Australian Government health team identified tuberculosis at Presbyterian missions. Their report described conditions at Mapoon as "nauseating", identifying malnutrition and water shortages, and describing dormitories as overcrowded and without beds. These conditions led residents of Presbyterian missions to protest. In 1953, Mapoon delegates went to Thursday Island to lobby

5986-566: Was followed in all subsequent censuses up to 1966. Since 1967, the ABS has considered Torres Strait Islanders a separate Indigenous people. Prior to 1947, Torres Strait Islanders were regarded as Aboriginal and excluded when not of 50 percent or more non-Aboriginal descent. In 1947, Torres Strait Islanders were considered to be Polynesian and in 1954 and 1961 were considered to be Pacific Islanders . In 1966, Torres Strait Islanders were again regarded as Aboriginal and excluded when not of 50 percent or more non-Aboriginal descent. Ancestry data

6068-528: Was held on 2 April 1911, but census data had been previously collected by individual states. The most recent census was held on 10 August 2021, with the data planned to be released starting from mid-2022. The next census will be held in early August 2026. The census, like all ABS data, is collected and published in geographical divisions as defined by the Australian Statistical Geography Standard ( ASGS ). The ASGS

6150-406: Was held on 7 August. There were 18,769,420 people counted in Australia. Of these, 410,003 people identified as Indigenous Australians. There were 203,101 overseas visitors. The 2006 census was conducted on the night of 8 August. There were 19,855,288 people counted in Australia. Of those, 455,031 people identified as Indigenous Australians. There were 206,358 overseas visitors. For the first time,

6232-533: Was included in the 1986 census. It was found when the data was evaluated that people who filled in the census were not sure what the question meant and there were inconsistent results, particularly for those people whose families had been in Australia for many generations. There were no ancestry related questions in 1991 or 1996 . For 2001 it was decided that development of Government policies did need information about people who were either born overseas, or whose parents were born overseas. The questions were to mark

6314-479: Was involved, and she also took Lionel Fogarty to meet the displaced residents. Mapoon State School opened on 30 January 1995. On 1 January 2002, it became the Mapoon campus of Western Cape College. In 2000, the Mapoon Aboriginal community was formally recognised under Deed of Grant in Trust arrangements. The Mapoon Aboriginal Council administers the community affairs with government support. In

6396-616: Was part of South Australia and had 3,451 white people plus 6,346 Aboriginals in settled districts. Including the Northern Territory, South Australia had a total counted population of 286,211 people. The reported population of Western Australia did not include Aboriginal persons of more than 50 percent Aboriginal descent. The population of greater Melbourne was 282,947 and of Sydney was 224,939. In 1901, there were 3,773,801 people (1,977,928 males and 1,795,873 females) counted in Australia. Prior to federation , each colony had been responsible for its own census collection. The census held during

6478-500: Was processed. There were 13,548,450 people counted. Scanned data of the 1981 Census is available on the ABS website. The 1986 Census was held on 30 June 1986. Scanned data of the 1986 Census is available on the ABS website. The 1991 census was held on 6 August 1991. The 1996 census was held on 6 August. There were 16,892,423 people counted in Australia. Of these, 342,864 people identified themselves as Indigenous Australians. There were 139,594 overseas visitors. The 2001 census

6560-516: Was proposed by Alcan Pty Ltd , which had built the airstrip. Mapoon experiences a tropical savanna climate ( Köppen : Aw , Trewartha : Awha ), with hot conditions year-round. There is a shorter wet season from mid-November to April, and a longer dry season from May to mid-November. There is a fishing business, providing mudcrabs to southern markets from the Port Musgrave Bay and Dulhunty and Wenlock rivers. Western Cape College

6642-498: Was released in 2011, replacing the former Australian Standard Geographical Classification . The Standard is reviewed and updated every five years to align with the census. The ABS also releases data divided into areas not managed by the Bureau, such as postcodes (managed by Australia Post ) and Local Government Areas (managed by state and territory governments). The Census and Statistics Act 1905 and Privacy Act 1988 prohibit

6724-559: Was widely believed at the time of the referendum, and is still often said, that section 127 meant that Aboriginal persons were not counted in Commonwealth censuses before 1967. In fact section 127 related to calculating the population of the states and territories for the purpose of allocating seats in Parliament and per capita Commonwealth grants. Its purpose was to prevent Queensland and Western Australia using their large Aboriginal populations to gain extra seats or extra funds. Thus

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