64-416: Marguerite may refer to: People [ edit ] Marguerite (given name) , including a list of people with the name Places [ edit ] Marguerite, Pennsylvania , an unincorporated community Marguerite Bay , Antarctic Peninsula Marguerite Island , Adélie Land, Antarctica Entertainment [ edit ] Marguerite (musical) ,
128-532: A 2008 West End musical by Michel Legrand "Margueritte", a song by Oregon from the album Winter Light Marguerite (2015 film) , a French film Marguerite (2017 film) , a Canadian film Ships [ edit ] USS Marguerite (SP-193) , a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917 to 1919 USS Marguerite II (SP-892) , another United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917 and 1919; renamed SP-892 in 1918 to avoid confusion HMAS Marguerite ,
192-976: A Lost World in the late 1990s TV series The Lost World based on a book by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle Marguerite, the heroine of Gounod 's opera Faust Marguerite Baker, an antagonist and member of the Baker family in the horror video game Resident Evil 7: Biohazard Marguerite Murphy ; an elderly resident in Sunnyvale on the show Trailer Park Boys Marguerite Caine, main protagonist and heroine of Claudia Gray 's "Firebird Series" beginning with "A Thousand Pieces of You" See also [ edit ] Magritte Margueritte Marguerite (disambiguation) References [ edit ] ^ Chisholm, Hugh , ed. (1911). "Margaret" . Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 700. ^ Campbell, Mike. "Meaning, origin and history of
256-481: A Royal Navy sloop transferred to the Royal Australian Navy in 1920 Marguerite (ship) , a French cargo ship launched in 1912, sunk by a U-boat in 1917 SS Princess Marguerite , a series of 20th century Canadian coastal vessels. Plants [ edit ] Argyranthemum , a genus of plants in the daisy family, endemic to Macaronesia, especially: Argyranthemum frutescens , native to
320-524: A citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference CS1 German-language sources (de) Articles needing additional references from December 2009 All articles needing additional references Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata All set index articles Latin Latin ( lingua Latina , pronounced [ˈlɪŋɡʷa ɫaˈtiːna] , or Latinum [ɫaˈtiːnʊ̃] )
384-526: A faster pace. It is characterised by greater use of prepositions, and word order that is closer to modern Romance languages, for example, while grammatically retaining more or less the same formal rules as Classical Latin. Ultimately, Latin diverged into a distinct written form, where the commonly spoken form was perceived as a separate language, for instance early French or Italian dialects, that could be transcribed differently. It took some time for these to be viewed as wholly different from Latin however. After
448-743: A few in German , Dutch , Norwegian , Danish and Swedish . Latin is still spoken in Vatican City, a city-state situated in Rome that is the seat of the Catholic Church . The works of several hundred ancient authors who wrote in Latin have survived in whole or in part, in substantial works or in fragments to be analyzed in philology . They are in part the subject matter of the field of classics . Their works were published in manuscript form before
512-404: A few. Famous and well regarded writers included Petrarch, Erasmus, Salutati , Celtis , George Buchanan and Thomas More . Non fiction works were long produced in many subjects, including the sciences, law, philosophy, historiography and theology. Famous examples include Isaac Newton 's Principia . Latin was also used as a convenient medium for translations of important works first written in
576-560: A native language, Medieval Latin was used across Western and Catholic Europe during the Middle Ages as a working and literary language from the 9th century to the Renaissance , which then developed a classicizing form, called Renaissance Latin . This was the basis for Neo-Latin which evolved during the early modern period . In these periods Latin was used productively and generally taught to be written and spoken, at least until
640-567: A result, the list has variants, as well as alternative names. In addition to the historical phases, Ecclesiastical Latin refers to the styles used by the writers of the Roman Catholic Church from late antiquity onward, as well as by Protestant scholars. The earliest known form of Latin is Old Latin, also called Archaic or Early Latin, which was spoken from the Roman Kingdom , traditionally founded in 753 BC, through
704-407: A separate language, existing more or less in parallel with the literary or educated Latin, but this is now widely dismissed. The term 'Vulgar Latin' remains difficult to define, referring both to informal speech at any time within the history of Latin, and the kind of informal Latin that had begun to move away from the written language significantly in the post-Imperial period, that led ultimately to
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#1732791394622768-694: A series of Canadian coastal passenger vessels Marguerite route , a tourist route in Denmark Margarita (disambiguation) Margueritte Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Marguerite . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marguerite&oldid=1165435772 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
832-709: A small number of Latin services held in the Anglican church. These include an annual service in Oxford, delivered with a Latin sermon; a relic from the period when Latin was the normal spoken language of the university. In the Western world, many organizations, governments and schools use Latin for their mottos due to its association with formality, tradition, and the roots of Western culture . Canada's motto A mari usque ad mare ("from sea to sea") and most provincial mottos are also in Latin. The Canadian Victoria Cross
896-429: A sort of informal language academy dedicated to maintaining and perpetuating educated speech. Philological analysis of Archaic Latin works, such as those of Plautus , which contain fragments of everyday speech, gives evidence of an informal register of the language, Vulgar Latin (termed sermo vulgi , "the speech of the masses", by Cicero ). Some linguists, particularly in the nineteenth century, believed this to be
960-572: A spoken and written language by the scholarship by the Renaissance humanists . Petrarch and others began to change their usage of Latin as they explored the texts of the Classical Latin world. Skills of textual criticism evolved to create much more accurate versions of extant texts through the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, and some important texts were rediscovered. Comprehensive versions of authors' works were published by Isaac Casaubon , Joseph Scaliger and others. Nevertheless, despite
1024-432: A strictly left-to-right script. During the late republic and into the first years of the empire, from about 75 BC to AD 200, a new Classical Latin arose, a conscious creation of the orators, poets, historians and other literate men, who wrote the great works of classical literature , which were taught in grammar and rhetoric schools. Today's instructional grammars trace their roots to such schools , which served as
1088-693: A vernacular, such as those of Descartes . Latin education underwent a process of reform to classicise written and spoken Latin. Schooling remained largely Latin medium until approximately 1700. Until the end of the 17th century, the majority of books and almost all diplomatic documents were written in Latin. Afterwards, most diplomatic documents were written in French (a Romance language ) and later native or other languages. Education methods gradually shifted towards written Latin, and eventually concentrating solely on reading skills. The decline of Latin education took several centuries and proceeded much more slowly than
1152-411: Is Veritas ("truth"). Veritas was the goddess of truth, a daughter of Saturn, and the mother of Virtue. Switzerland has adopted the country's Latin short name Helvetia on coins and stamps, since there is no room to use all of the nation's four official languages . For a similar reason, it adopted the international vehicle and internet code CH , which stands for Confoederatio Helvetica ,
1216-897: Is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages . Latin was originally spoken by the Latins in Latium (now known as Lazio ), the lower Tiber area around Rome , Italy. Through the expansion of the Roman Republic it became the dominant language in the Italian Peninsula and subsequently throughout the Roman Empire . By the late Roman Republic , Old Latin had evolved into standardized Classical Latin . Vulgar Latin refers to
1280-640: Is a reversal of the original phrase Non terrae plus ultra ("No land further beyond", "No further!"). According to legend , this phrase was inscribed as a warning on the Pillars of Hercules , the rocks on both sides of the Strait of Gibraltar and the western end of the known, Mediterranean world. Charles adopted the motto following the discovery of the New World by Columbus, and it also has metaphorical suggestions of taking risks and striving for excellence. In
1344-834: Is also a French name for the ox-eye daisy flower. Those with the name include: People [ edit ] Nobility [ edit ] Margaret of Bourbon (1438–1483) or Marguerite de Bourbon, Princess of Savoy by marriage Margaret of France (1553–1615) or Marguerite de Valois, wife of Henry IV of France and Navarre Margaret of France, Duchess of Berry or Marguerite de Valois (1523–1574), daughter of King Francis I of France Margaret, Countess of Anjou or Marguerite d'Angou (1273–1299), Countess of Anjou and Maine in her own right and Countess of Valois, Alençon, Chartres and Perche by marriage Marguerite de Navarre (1492–1549), princess of France, Queen of Navarre and Duchess of Alençon and Berry Marguerite III de Neufchâtel (1480–1544), German-Roman monarch as Princess Abbess of
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#17327913946221408-734: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Marguerite (given name) [REDACTED] This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Marguerite" given name – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR ( December 2009 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message ) Marguerite [REDACTED] A pearl, from which Marguerite maintains this meaning, deriving from
1472-552: Is found in any widespread language, the languages of Spain, France, Portugal, and Italy have retained a remarkable unity in phonological forms and developments, bolstered by the stabilising influence of their common Christian (Roman Catholic) culture. It was not until the Muslim conquest of Spain in 711, cutting off communications between the major Romance regions, that the languages began to diverge seriously. The spoken Latin that would later become Romanian diverged somewhat more from
1536-689: Is modelled after the British Victoria Cross which has the inscription "For Valour". Because Canada is officially bilingual, the Canadian medal has replaced the English inscription with the Latin Pro Valore . Spain's motto Plus ultra , meaning "even further", or figuratively "Further!", is also Latin in origin. It is taken from the personal motto of Charles V , Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain (as Charles I), and
1600-1011: Is taught at many high schools, especially in Europe and the Americas. It is most common in British public schools and grammar schools, the Italian liceo classico and liceo scientifico , the German Humanistisches Gymnasium and the Dutch gymnasium . Occasionally, some media outlets, targeting enthusiasts, broadcast in Latin. Notable examples include Radio Bremen in Germany, YLE radio in Finland (the Nuntii Latini broadcast from 1989 until it
1664-543: The Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (CIL). Authors and publishers vary, but the format is about the same: volumes detailing inscriptions with a critical apparatus stating the provenance and relevant information. The reading and interpretation of these inscriptions is the subject matter of the field of epigraphy . About 270,000 inscriptions are known. The Latin influence in English has been significant at all stages of its insular development. In
1728-1245: The Congregation of Notre Dame , Montreal, Quebec, Canada Marguerite Broquedis (1893–1983), French tennis player Marguerite Carré (1880–1947), French opera soprano Marguerite Charpentier (1848-1904), French art collector and salonist Marguerite Davis (1887–1967), American chemist, co-discoverer of vitamins A and B Marguerite de Angeli (1889–1987), American writer and illustrator of children's books Marguerite De La Motte (1902–1950), American film actress Marguerite de la Sablière (c. 1640–1693), French salonist and polymath Marguerite Derricks (born 1961), American choreographer Marguerite Duras (1914–1996), French writer and film director Marguerite Fourrier (fl. 1900), French tennis player Marguerite Frank (born 1927), American−French mathematician Marguerite Gaut (1888–1967), American golfer Marguerite Georges (1787–1867), noted French actress who had an affair with Napoleon Marguerite Grépon (1891–1982), French journalist and writer Marguerite Henry (1902–1997), American writer of children's books Marguerite Higgins Hall (1920-1966), American war correspondent and first woman to win
1792-583: The Holy See , the primary language of its public journal , the Acta Apostolicae Sedis , and the working language of the Roman Rota . Vatican City is also home to the world's only automatic teller machine that gives instructions in Latin. In the pontifical universities postgraduate courses of Canon law are taught in Latin, and papers are written in the same language. There are
1856-609: The Latin and Greek origins. Gender Female Language(s) French Origin Word/name Latin and Greek Meaning " Pearl " Other names Nickname(s) Rita , Marge Related names Margaret , Margarita , Margherita , Margo , Marge , Margot , Marguerite is a French female given name, from which the English name Margaret is derived. Marguerite derives via Latin and Greek μαργαρίτης (margarítēs) , meaning " pearl ". It
1920-574: The Middle Ages , borrowing from Latin occurred from ecclesiastical usage established by Saint Augustine of Canterbury in the 6th century or indirectly after the Norman Conquest , through the Anglo-Norman language . From the 16th to the 18th centuries, English writers cobbled together huge numbers of new words from Latin and Greek words, dubbed " inkhorn terms ", as if they had spilled from a pot of ink. Many of these words were used once by
1984-576: The Roman Rite of the Catholic Church at the Vatican City . The church continues to adapt concepts from modern languages to Ecclesiastical Latin of the Latin language. Contemporary Latin is more often studied to be read rather than spoken or actively used. Latin has greatly influenced the English language , along with a large number of others, and historically contributed many words to
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2048-569: The Romance languages . During the Classical period, informal language was rarely written, so philologists have been left with only individual words and phrases cited by classical authors, inscriptions such as Curse tablets and those found as graffiti . In the Late Latin period, language changes reflecting spoken (non-classical) norms tend to be found in greater quantities in texts. As it
2112-636: The Western Roman Empire fell in 476 and Germanic kingdoms took its place, the Germanic people adopted Latin as a language more suitable for legal and other, more formal uses. While the written form of Latin was increasingly standardized into a fixed form, the spoken forms began to diverge more greatly. Currently, the five most widely spoken Romance languages by number of native speakers are Spanish , Portuguese , French , Italian , and Romanian . Despite dialectal variation, which
2176-637: The British Crown. The motto is featured on all presently minted coinage and has been featured in most coinage throughout the nation's history. Several states of the United States have Latin mottos , such as: Many military organizations today have Latin mottos, such as: Some law governing bodies in the Philippines have Latin mottos, such as: Some colleges and universities have adopted Latin mottos, for example Harvard University 's motto
2240-567: The Canary Islands Garden marguerites , a group of hybrids derived from Argyranthemum and related genera widely sold for garden use Leucanthemum vulgare , the original marguerite, a Eurasian flowering plant Other uses [ edit ] Marguerite (horse) , a racehorse Stanford Marguerite Shuttle , a transportation service of Stanford University See also [ edit ] SS Princess Marguerite , Princess Marguerite II and Princess Marguerite III ,
2304-613: The English lexicon , particularly after the Christianization of the Anglo-Saxons and the Norman Conquest . Latin and Ancient Greek roots are heavily used in English vocabulary in theology , the sciences , medicine , and law . A number of phases of the language have been recognized, each distinguished by subtle differences in vocabulary, usage, spelling, and syntax. There are no hard and fast rules of classification; different scholars emphasize different features. As
2368-599: The Grinch Stole Christmas! , The Cat in the Hat , and a book of fairy tales, " fabulae mirabiles ", are intended to garner popular interest in the language. Additional resources include phrasebooks and resources for rendering everyday phrases and concepts into Latin, such as Meissner's Latin Phrasebook . Some inscriptions have been published in an internationally agreed, monumental, multivolume series,
2432-707: The House of Czartoryski Marguerite de Saint-Marceaux (1850–1930), French aristocrat and salonnière Marguerite Aimery Harty de Pierrebourg (1856–1943), French baroness, salonnière and writer published as Claude Ferval Other [ edit ] Marguerite Alibert (1890–1971), French socialite and courtesan , mistress of Edward VIII , acquitted of killing her husband at the Savoy Hotel in London. Marguerite Bériza (1880–after 1930), French opera soprano Marguerite Bourgeoys (1620–1700), saint and founder of
2496-872: The Imperial Remiremont Abbey in France Marguerite Louise d'Orléans (1645–1721), Grand Duchess of Tuscany by marriage Marguerite of Lorraine (1615–1672), princess of Lorraine and Duchess of Orléans by marriage Marguerite, Baroness de Reuter (1912–2009), European aristocrat and member of the family that founded the Reuters news service Marguerite, bâtarde de France (1407–1458), illegitimate daughter of Charles VI and Odette de Champdivers, legitimized by Charles VII Marguerite, Duchess of Rohan (1617–1684), French noblewoman Princess Marguerite Adélaïde of Orléans (1846–1893), princess of France and, by marriage, princess of
2560-598: The Order of Sisters of Charity of Montreal Fictional characters [ edit ] Marguerite St. Just , wife of the Scarlet Pimpernel in the novel by the same name Marguerite Gautier, the heroine in the Alexandre Dumas fils novel La Dame aux Camelias Marguerite Volant , main character of the 1996 Canadian mini-series by the same name Marguerite Krux, financier of an expedition to
2624-1150: The Pulitzer Prize for Foreign Correspondence for her coverage of the Korean War Marguerite Kirmse (1885–1954), British-American artist Marguerite L. Smith (1894–1985), New York assemblywoman 1920–1921 Marguerite Vincent Lawinonkié (1783-1865), Huron-Wendat craftswoman Marguerite Long (1874–1966), French pianist and teacher Marguerite St. Leon Loud (1812-1889), American poet and writer Marguerite Louppe (1902–1989), French painter Marguerite Mareuse (1889–1964), French racing driver Marguerite Massart (1900–1979), first woman to graduate as an engineer in Belgium. Marguerite Moore (1849–?), Irish-Catholic orator, patriot, activist Marguerite Moreau (born 1977), American actress Marguerite Narbel (1918–2010), Swiss biologist and politician Marguerite Norris (1927–1994), Detroit Red Wings team president, first female NHL team executive, first woman to have her name engraved on
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2688-695: The Stanley Cup Marguerite Perey (1909–1975), French physicist Marguerite Perrin , American Trading Spouses participant Marguerite Pindling (born 1932), Governor-General of the Bahamas beginning 2014 Marguerite Porter Zwicker (1904–1993), Canadian watercolor painter and art promoter Marguerite Quinn , American politician elected to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives in 2006 Marguerite Scypion (c. 1770s–after 1836), African-Natchez slave who filed
2752-467: The United States the unofficial national motto until 1956 was E pluribus unum meaning "Out of many, one". The motto continues to be featured on the Great Seal . It also appears on the flags and seals of both houses of congress and the flags of the states of Michigan, North Dakota, New York, and Wisconsin. The motto's 13 letters symbolically represent the original Thirteen Colonies which revolted from
2816-563: The University of Kentucky, the University of Oxford and also Princeton University. There are many websites and forums maintained in Latin by enthusiasts. The Latin Misplaced Pages has more than 130,000 articles. Italian , French , Portuguese , Spanish , Romanian , Catalan , Romansh , Sardinian and other Romance languages are direct descendants of Latin. There are also many Latin borrowings in English and Albanian , as well as
2880-425: The benefit of those who do not understand Latin. There are also songs written with Latin lyrics . The libretto for the opera-oratorio Oedipus rex by Igor Stravinsky is in Latin. Parts of Carl Orff 's Carmina Burana are written in Latin. Enya has recorded several tracks with Latin lyrics. The continued instruction of Latin is seen by some as a highly valuable component of a liberal arts education. Latin
2944-409: The careful work of Petrarch, Politian and others, first the demand for manuscripts, and then the rush to bring works into print, led to the circulation of inaccurate copies for several centuries following. Neo-Latin literature was extensive and prolific, but less well known or understood today. Works covered poetry, prose stories and early novels, occasional pieces and collections of letters, to name
3008-415: The classicised Latin that followed through to the present are often grouped together as Neo-Latin , or New Latin, which have in recent decades become a focus of renewed study , given their importance for the development of European culture, religion and science. The vast majority of written Latin belongs to this period, but its full extent is unknown. The Renaissance reinforced the position of Latin as
3072-465: The country's full Latin name. Some film and television in ancient settings, such as Sebastiane , The Passion of the Christ and Barbarians (2020 TV series) , have been made with dialogue in Latin. Occasionally, Latin dialogue is used because of its association with religion or philosophy, in such film/television series as The Exorcist and Lost (" Jughead "). Subtitles are usually shown for
3136-503: The decline in written Latin output. Despite having no native speakers, Latin is still used for a variety of purposes in the contemporary world. The largest organisation that retains Latin in official and quasi-official contexts is the Catholic Church . The Catholic Church required that Mass be carried out in Latin until the Second Vatican Council of 1962–1965 , which permitted the use of the vernacular . Latin remains
3200-589: The educated and official world, Latin continued without its natural spoken base. Moreover, this Latin spread into lands that had never spoken Latin, such as the Germanic and Slavic nations. It became useful for international communication between the member states of the Holy Roman Empire and its allies. Without the institutions of the Roman Empire that had supported its uniformity, Medieval Latin
3264-550: The first " freedom suit " and ended Indian slavery in the state of Missouri in 1836 Marguerite Yourcenar (1903–1987), Belgian-born French novelist and essayist, first woman elected to the Académie française Marguerite Zorach (1887–1968), American painter, textile artist and graphic designer Maya Angelou (1928–2014), American author, poet, dancer, actress and singer, born Marguerite Annie Johnson Saint Marguerite d'Youville (1701-1771), French Canadian widow who founded
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#17327913946223328-703: The invention of printing and are now published in carefully annotated printed editions, such as the Loeb Classical Library , published by Harvard University Press , or the Oxford Classical Texts , published by Oxford University Press . Latin translations of modern literature such as: The Hobbit , Treasure Island , Robinson Crusoe , Paddington Bear , Winnie the Pooh , The Adventures of Tintin , Asterix , Harry Potter , Le Petit Prince , Max and Moritz , How
3392-704: The language of the Roman Rite . The Tridentine Mass (also known as the Extraordinary Form or Traditional Latin Mass) is celebrated in Latin. Although the Mass of Paul VI (also known as the Ordinary Form or the Novus Ordo) is usually celebrated in the local vernacular language, it can be and often is said in Latin, in part or in whole, especially at multilingual gatherings. It is the official language of
3456-440: The large areas where it had come to be natively spoken. However, even after the fall of Western Rome , Latin remained the common language of international communication , science, scholarship and academia in Europe until well into the early 19th century, by which time modern languages had supplanted it in common academic and political usage. Late Latin is the literary language from the 3rd century AD onward. No longer spoken as
3520-412: The late seventeenth century, when spoken skills began to erode. It then became increasingly taught only to be read. Latin grammar is highly fusional , with classes of inflections for case , number , person , gender , tense , mood , voice , and aspect . The Latin alphabet is directly derived from the Etruscan and Greek alphabets . Latin remains the official language of the Holy See and
3584-431: The later part of the Roman Republic , up to 75 BC, i.e. before the age of Classical Latin . It is attested both in inscriptions and in some of the earliest extant Latin literary works, such as the comedies of Plautus and Terence . The Latin alphabet was devised from the Etruscan alphabet . The writing later changed from what was initially either a right-to-left or a boustrophedon script to what ultimately became
3648-421: The less prestigious colloquial registers , attested in inscriptions and some literary works such as those of the comic playwrights Plautus and Terence and the author Petronius . While often called a "dead language", Latin did not undergo language death . By the 6th to 9th centuries, natural language change eventually resulted in Latin as a vernacular language evolving into distinct Romance languages in
3712-512: The name Marguerite" . Behind the Name . Retrieved 2021-04-29 . ^ Marion, Gilbert (July 7, 2011). "Narbel, Marguerite" . Historical Dictionary of Switzerland (in German). Translated by Alice Holenstein-Beereuter . Retrieved 2023-01-20 . ^ "Marguerite Norris, Hockey Team President, 67" . New York Times . May 14, 1994 . Retrieved November 22, 2015 . ^ fr:Marguerite Volant [REDACTED] Name list This page or section lists people that share
3776-413: The other varieties, as it was largely separated from the unifying influences in the western part of the Empire. Spoken Latin began to diverge into distinct languages by the 9th century at the latest, when the earliest extant Romance writings begin to appear. They were, throughout the period, confined to everyday speech, as Medieval Latin was used for writing. For many Italians using Latin, though, there
3840-496: The same given name . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change that link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marguerite_(given_name)&oldid=1248719963 " Categories : Given names Feminine given names French feminine given names Given names derived from gemstones Given names derived from plants or flowers Hidden categories: Misplaced Pages articles incorporating
3904-413: Was free to develop on its own, there is no reason to suppose that the speech was uniform either diachronically or geographically. On the contrary, Romanised European populations developed their own dialects of the language, which eventually led to the differentiation of Romance languages . Late Latin is a kind of written Latin used in the 3rd to 6th centuries. This began to diverge from Classical forms at
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#17327913946223968-496: Was much more liberal in its linguistic cohesion: for example, in classical Latin sum and eram are used as auxiliary verbs in the perfect and pluperfect passive, which are compound tenses. Medieval Latin might use fui and fueram instead. Furthermore, the meanings of many words were changed and new words were introduced, often under influence from the vernacular. Identifiable individual styles of classically incorrect Latin prevail. Renaissance Latin, 1300 to 1500, and
4032-441: Was no complete separation between Italian and Latin, even into the beginning of the Renaissance . Petrarch for example saw Latin as a literary version of the spoken language. Medieval Latin is the written Latin in use during that portion of the post-classical period when no corresponding Latin vernacular existed, that is from around 700 to 1500 AD. The spoken language had developed into the various Romance languages; however, in
4096-431: Was shut down in June 2019), and Vatican Radio & Television, all of which broadcast news segments and other material in Latin. A variety of organisations, as well as informal Latin 'circuli' ('circles'), have been founded in more recent times to support the use of spoken Latin. Moreover, a number of university classics departments have begun incorporating communicative pedagogies in their Latin courses. These include
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