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51-470: Mary Baldwin may refer to: Mary-Ann Baldwin (born 1956/1957), American marketing executive and politician Mary Briscoe Baldwin (1811–1877), American missionary educator Mary Julia Baldwin (1829–1897), American educator after whom Mary Baldwin University is named Mary Wilson, Baroness Wilson of Rievaulx (née Baldwin, 1916–2018), English poet and

102-415: A Delta case varies significantly, especially depending on a country's sequencing rate (less than 0.05% of all COVID-19 cases have been sequenced in the lowest-sequencing countries to around 50 percent in the highest). By 22 June 2021, more than 4,500 sequences of the variant had been detected in about 78 countries. Reported numbers of sequences in countries with detections are: The first cases of

153-798: A bad cold and not realize they need to isolate. Common symptoms reported have been headaches, sore throat, a runny nose or a fever. [REDACTED] : VE reduces <10%, or VE >90% without comparator [REDACTED] : VE reduces between 10 and <20% [REDACTED] : Neutralization reduces <2-fold [REDACTED] : Neutralization reduces 2 to <5-fold [REDACTED] [REDACTED] : Neutralization reduces 5 to <10-fold [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] : Neutralization reduces ≥ 10-fold Moderna & Pfizer-BioNTech were evaluated together. WHO has not issued preventative measures against Delta specifically; non-pharmaceutical measures recommended to prevent wild type COVID-19 should still be effective. These would include washing hands, wearing

204-422: A brief maintaining all three sublineages of B.1.617 as VOI, estimating that a "greater understanding of the risks related to these B.1.617 lineages is needed before any modification of current measures can be considered". The Delta/ B.1.617.2 genome has 13 mutations (15 or 17 according to some sources, depending on whether more common mutations are included) which produce alterations in the amino-acid sequences of

255-450: A lesser extent. A study published online (not peer-reviewed) by Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention may partly explain the increased transmissibility: people with infection caused by Delta had 1,000 times more copies of the virus in the respiratory tracts than those with infection caused by variants first identified in the beginning of the pandemic; and it took on average 4 days for people infected with Delta for

306-457: A mask, maintaining distance from others, avoiding touching the mouth, nose or eyes, avoiding crowded indoor spaces with poor ventilation especially where people are talking, going to get tested if one develops symptoms and isolating if one becomes sick. Public Health authorities should continue to find infected individuals using testing, trace their contacts, and isolate those who have tested positive or been exposed. Event organizers should assess

357-585: A second mask mandate on August 13, 2021, due to the rise in the Delta variant that she later terminated on February 18, 2022. Mayor Baldwin tested positive for COVID-19 on April 18, 2022. Baldwin was mayor during the George Floyd protests in Raleigh . In the midst of rioting she declared a citywide curfew. Her response was criticized in the following weeks. On May 4, 2021, Raleigh City Council approved

408-632: A spokesperson for Public Health England, clarified "It is too early to assess the case fatality ratio compared to other variants." A Canadian study released on 5 October 2021 revealed that the Delta variant caused a 108 percent rise in hospitalization, 235 percent increase in ICU admission, and a 133 percent surge in death compared to other variants. is more serious and resulted in an increased risk of death compared to previous variants, odds that are significantly decreased with immunization. The chance of detecting

459-631: A tax increment grant (TIG) policy which Mayor Baldwin voted in favor of. Mayor Baldwin received campaign contributions from developer John Kane, who may benefit from the TIG. The TIG policy allows the city of Raleigh to provide up to $ 5 million per year (2% of the annual budget) in tax rebates to private developers, effectively shielding them from increases in property taxes due to rising property values. A month later on June 1, 2021, Raleigh City Council passed an annual budget that included an increase in property taxes generating an increased $ 7 million per year which

510-528: A variant under investigation (VUI) to a variant of concern (VOC) based on an assessment of transmissibility being at least equivalent to B.1.1.7 ( Alpha variant ); the UK's SAGE using May data estimated a "realistic" possibility of being 50% more transmissible. On 11 May 2021, the WHO also classified this lineage VOC, and said that it showed evidence of higher transmissibility and reduced neutralisation. On 15 June 2021,

561-782: Is something where we're still gaining data daily. But the most recent data was looking at convalescent sera of COVID-19 cases and people who received the vaccine used in India, the Covaxin. It was found to neutralise the 617 variants. Another study by the Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB) in Hyderabad found Covishield (Oxford–AstraZeneca) vaccinated sera offers protection against lineage B.1.617. A study conducted by Public Health England (PHE), found that compared to those who were unvaccinated those who were vaccinated with either

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612-459: The Alpha variant ; the case fatality rate for those 386,835 people with Delta is 0.3%, where 46% of the cases and 6% of the deaths are unvaccinated and below 50 years old. Immunity from previous recovery or COVID-19 vaccines are effective in preventing severe disease or hospitalisation from infection with the variant. On 7 May 2021, PHE changed their classification of lineage B.1.617.2 from

663-832: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) declared Delta a variant of concern. The variant is thought to be partly responsible for India's deadly second wave of the pandemic beginning in February 2021. It later contributed to a third wave in Fiji , the United Kingdom and South Africa , and the WHO warned in July 2021 that it could have a similar effect elsewhere in Europe and Africa . By late July, it had also driven an increase in daily infections in parts of Asia ,

714-649: The Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), said the study on the effectiveness of the available vaccines on lineage B.1.617 suggests that post-vaccination, the infections are milder. Anthony Fauci , the Chief Medical Advisor to the President of the United States , has also expressed his confidence regarding the preliminary results. In an interview on 28 April, he said: This

765-573: The National Centre for Infectious Diseases in Singapore posted a paper suggesting that patients testing positive for Delta are more likely to develop pneumonia and/or require oxygen than patients with wild type or Alpha. On June 11, Public Health England released a report finding that there was "significantly increased risk of hospitalization" from Delta as compared with Alpha; the risk was approximately twice as high for those infected with

816-538: The Pfizer-BioNTech or AstraZeneca-Oxford had 33% less instances of symptomatic disease caused by the variant after the first dose. Among those who were two weeks after the receiving their second dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine 88% less subjects had symptomatic disease from the Delta variant versus those that were unvaccinated. Among those who were two weeks after the receiving their second dose of

867-611: The United States , Australia , and New Zealand . The Delta variant has mutations in the gene encoding the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein causing the substitutions D614G , T478K, P681R and L452R . It is identified as the 21A, 21I, and 21J clades under the Nextstrain phylogenetic classification system. The virus has also been referred to by the term "Indian Variant" as it was originally detected in India. However,

918-638: The University of Rhode Island . She is married to Jim Baldwin, her fifth husband, and she has two children, a daughter and son-in-law. She also has two step-children. Prior to political service, she worked in the marketing field, including working as marketing director for several firms and managing her own consulting firm, Baldwin Communications. She served on the Raleigh City Council for ten years, from 2007 through 2017 during

969-415: The viral load in the first positive test of infections with the variant was on average ~1000 times higher than with compared infections during 2020. Preliminary data from a study with 100,000 volunteers in the UK from May to July 2021, when Delta was spreading rapidly, indicates that vaccinated people who test positive for COVID-19, including asymptomatic cases, have a lower viral load in average. Data from

1020-622: The AstraZeneca-Oxford vaccine 60% less subjects had symptomatic disease from the Delta variant versus those that were unvaccinated. A study by a group of researchers from the Francis Crick Institute , published in The Lancet , shows that humans fully vaccinated with the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine are likely to have more than five times lower levels of neutralizing antibodies against the Delta variant compared to

1071-565: The Delta variant in England had a case fatality rate (CFR) of 0.2%, while the Alpha variant's case fatality rate was 1.9%, although the report warns that "case fatality rates are not comparable across variants as they have peaked at different points in the pandemic, and so vary in background hospital pressure, vaccination availability and rates and case profiles, treatment options, and impact of reporting delay, among other factors." James McCreadie,

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1122-638: The Delta variant is between 40% and 60% more transmissible than the previously dominant Alpha variant , which was first identified in the UK (as the Kent variant). Given that Alpha is already 150% as transmissible as the original SARS-CoV-2 strain that emerged in late 2019 in Wuhan , and if Delta is 150% as transmissible as Alpha, then Delta may be 225% as transmissible as the original strain. BBC reported that R 0 {\displaystyle R_{0}}  – basic reproduction number , or

1173-403: The Delta variant is only one of three variants of the lineage B.1.617 , all of which were first detected in India. At the end of May 2021, the WHO assigned the label Delta to lineage B.1.617.2 after introducing a new policy of using Greek letters for variants of concern and variants of interest. There are three sublineages of lineage B.1.617 categorised so far. B.1.617.1 ( Kappa variant )

1224-827: The Delta variant is transmitted among those immunized with current vaccines. On August 10, a study showed that the full vaccination coverage rate is correlated inversely to the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant mutation frequency in 16 countries (R-squared=0.878). Data strongly indicates that full vaccination against COVID-19 may slow down virus evolution. In vitro experiments suggest that bamlanivimab may not be effective against Delta on its own. At high enough concentrations, casirivimab , etesevimab and imdevimab appear to still be effective. A preprint study suggests that sotrovimab may also be effective against Delta. Doctors in Singapore have been using supplemental oxygen, remdesivir and corticosteroids on more Delta patients than they did on previous variants. UK scientists have said that

1275-592: The Delta variant was becoming the dominant strain globally. It has mutations in the gene encoding the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein causing the substitutions T478K, P681R and L452R , which are known to affect transmissibility of the virus as well as whether it can be neutralised by antibodies for previously circulating variants of the COVID-19 virus. In August 2021, Public Health England (PHE) reported secondary attack rate in household contacts of non-travel or unknown cases for Delta to be 10.8% vis-à-vis 10.2% for

1326-517: The Delta variant. On June 14, researchers from Public Health Scotland found that the risk of hospitalization from Delta was roughly double that of from Alpha. On July 7, a preprint study from epidemiologists at the University of Toronto found that Delta had a 120% greater – or more than twice as large – risk of hospitalization, 287% greater risk of ICU admission and 137% greater risk of death compared to non-variant of concern strains of SARS-COV-2. However, on July 9, Public Health England reported that

1377-707: The K417N mutation, which is also present in the Beta variant . The exchange at position 417 is a lysine-to- asparagine substitution. As of mid-October 2021, the AY.3 variant accounted for a cumulative prevalence of approximately 5% in the United States, and 2% worldwide. In mid-October the AY.4.2 Delta sublineage was expanding in England, and being monitored and assessed. It contains mutations A222V and Y145H in its spike protein, not considered of particular concern. It has been suggested that AY.4.2 might be 10-15% more transmissible than

1428-567: The Moderna vaccine may be effective against death or hospitalization from the Delta variant. In a study of the University of Sri Jayewardenepura in July 2021 found the Sinopharm BIBP vaccine caused seroconversion in 95% of individuals studied that had received both doses of the vaccine. The rate was higher in 20-39 age group (98.9%) but slightly lower in the over 60 age group (93.3%). Neutralising antibodies were present among 81.25% of

1479-586: The Netherlands, the virus was still able to propagate significantly in the population with over 93.4% of blood donors being tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies after week 28, 2021. Many people there are not fully vaccinated, so those antibodies would have been developed from exposure to the wild virus or from a vaccine. Similar high seroimmunity levels occur in the United Kingdom in blood donors and general surveillance. A preprint found that

1530-1297: The Pango lineage designation system into variants from AY.1 to AY.28. However, there is no information on whether such classification correlates with biological characteristic changes of the virus. It is said that, as of August 2021, AY.4 to AY.11 are predominant in the UK, AY.12 in Israel, AY.2, AY.3, AY.13, AY.14, AY.25 in the US, AY.20 in the US and Mexico, AY.15 in Canada, AY.16 in Kenya, AY.17 in Ireland and Northern Ireland, AY.19 in South Africa, AY.21 in Italy and Switzerland, AY.22 in Portugal, AY.24 in Indonesia, and AY.23 in Indonesia, Singapore, Japan, and South Korea. Delta with K417N originally corresponded to lineages AY.1 and AY.2, subsequently also lineage AY.3, and has been nicknamed "Delta plus" or "Nepal variant". It has

1581-541: The UK in the early part of June 2021 were the Delta variant; they also cited evidence that the Delta variant was associated with an approximately 60% increased risk of household transmission compared to the Alpha variant. Canada 's first confirmed case of the variant was identified in Quebec on 21 April 2021, and later the same day 39 cases of the variant were identified in British Columbia . Alberta reported

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1632-408: The UK it was reclassified as a "variant under investigation" (but not "of concern") in late October 2021. In Denmark, after a drop in AY.4.2 cases, a new fast surge was detected and monitored, but was not yet considered a cause of concern. The most common symptoms may have changed from the most common symptoms previously associated with standard COVID-19. Infected people may mistake the symptoms for

1683-478: The US, UK, and Singapore indicate that vaccinated people infected by Delta may have viral loads as high as unvaccinated infected people, but might remain infectious for a shorter period. Surveillance data from the Indian government's Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP) shows that around 32% of patients, both hospitalised and outside hospitals, were aged below 30 in the second wave compared to 31% during

1734-427: The United States, the Netherlands, Denmark, France and probably many other countries, the Delta variant had become the dominant strain by July 2021. Depending on country, there is typically a lag from a few days to several weeks between cases and variant reporting. As of July 20, 2021, this variant had spread to 124 countries, and WHO had indicated that it was becoming the dominant strain, if not one already. In

1785-566: The expected number of cases directly generated by one case in a population where all individuals are susceptible to infection – for the first detected SARS-CoV-2 virus is 2.4–2.6, whereas Alpha's reproduction number is 4–5 and Delta's is 5–9. These basic reproduction numbers can be compared to MERS (0.29-0.80 ), seasonal influenza (1.2–1.4 ), Ebola (1.4–1.8 ), common cold (2–3 ), SARS (2–4 ), smallpox (3.5–6 ), and chickenpox (10–12 ). Due to Delta's high transmissibility even those that are vaccinated are vulnerable, albeit to

1836-462: The first wave, among people aged 30–40 the infection rate stayed at 21%. Hospitalisation in the 20–39 bracket increased to 25.5% from 23.7% while the 0–19 range increased to 5.8% from 4.2%. The data also showed a higher proportion of asymptomatic patients were admitted during the second wave, with more complaints of breathlessness. A few early studies suggest the Delta variant causes more severe illness than other strains. On 7 June 2021, researchers at

1887-545: The intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mary_Baldwin&oldid=1227784095 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Human name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Mary-Ann Baldwin Baldwin grew up in Rhode Island and graduated from

1938-610: The mayoral terms of Charles Meeker and Nancy McFarlane . While on the city council, she served as chair of the Law & Public Safety Committee and the Transportation Committee, and served on several other committees, as well as acting as the city's representative to GoTriangle , a regional transportation authority. When Meeker decided to step down prior to the 2011 election, he approached both Baldwin and McFarlane to run for mayor in his stead, Baldwin however declined

1989-417: The offer to run, as she was dealing with personal issues, she felt would interfere with her ability to effectively campaign and serve in the role as mayor. On March 27, 2019, Baldwin announced that she would be running for mayor of Raleigh in the 2019 election to succeed McFarlane, who was stepping down as mayor in the midst of health troubles. Baldwin came in first place, winning 38% of the vote. A runoff

2040-522: The original COVID-19 strain. In June 2021, PHE announced it had conducted a study which found that after two shots, the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine and the AstraZeneca vaccine are respectively 96% and 92% effective at preventing hospitalisation from the Delta variant. On July 3, researchers from the universities of Toronto and Ottawa in Ontario, Canada, released a preprint study suggesting that

2091-420: The original Delta variant. Mid-October 2021, AY.4.2 accounted for an estimated 10% of cases, and has led to an additional growth rate rising to about 1% (10% of 10%) per generational time of five days or so. This additional growth rate would grow with increasing prevalence. Without AY.4.2 and no other changes, the number of cases in the UK would have been about 10% lower. AY.4.2 grows about 15% faster per week. In

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2142-410: The potential risks of any mass gathering and develop a plan to mitigate these risks. See also Non-pharmaceutical intervention (epidemiology) . The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) found that convalescent sera of the COVID-19 cases and recipients of Bharat Biotech 's BBV152 (Covaxin) were able to neutralise VUI B.1.617 although with a lower efficacy. Anurag Agrawal , the director of

2193-460: The proteins it encodes. The list of spike protein mutations is: 19R, (G142D), Δ156-157, R158G, L452R, T478K, D614G, P681R, D950N according to GVN, or T19R, G142D, del 156–157, R158G, L452R, T478K, D614G, P681R according to Genscript Four of them, all of which are in the virus's spike protein code, are of particular concern: The E484Q mutation is not present in the B.1.617.2 genome. As of August 2021, Delta variants have been subdivided in

2244-691: The vaccinated individuals studied. On 29 June 2021, the director of the Gamaleya Institute, Denis Logunov, said that Sputnik V is about 90% effective against the Delta variant. On July 21, researchers from PHE published a study finding that the Pfizer vaccine was 93.7% effective against symptomatic disease from Delta after 2 doses, while the Astrazeneca vaccine was 67% effective. On August 2, several experts expressed concern that achieving herd immunity may not currently be possible because

2295-464: The variant outside India were detected in late February 2021, including the United Kingdom on 22 February, the United States on 23 February and Singapore on 26 February. British scientists at Public Health England redesignated the B.1.617.2 variant on 7 May 2021 as "variant of concern" (VOC-21APR-02), after they flagged evidence in May 2021 that it spreads more quickly than the original version of

2346-456: The virus to be detectable compared to 6 days with initially identified variants. Surveillance data from the U.S., Germany and the Netherlands in June and July 2021 indicated the Delta variant was growing by about a factor of 4 every two weeks with respect to the Alpha variant. In India, the United Kingdom, Portugal, Russia, Mexico, Australia, Indonesia, South Africa, Germany, Luxembourg,

2397-425: The virus. Another reason was that they identified 48 clusters of B.1.617.2, some of which revealed a degree of community transmission. With cases from the Delta variant having risen quickly, British scientists considered the Delta variant having overtaken the Alpha variant as the dominant variant of SARS-CoV-2 in the UK in early June 2021. Researchers at Public Health England later found that over 90% of new cases in

2448-453: The wife of Harold Wilson Mary Baldwin Hyde (1867–1938), American wife of Sidney Dillon Ripley I Mary Baldwin University , American private women's university Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Mary Baldwin . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to

2499-676: Was designated a Variant Under Investigation in April 2021 by Public Health England . Later in April 2021, two other variants B.1.617.2 and B.1.617.3 were designated as Variants Under Investigation. While B.1.617.3 shares the L452R and E484Q mutations found in B.1.617.1, B.1.617.2 lacks the E484Q mutation. B.1.617.2 has the T478K mutation, not found in B.1.617.1 and B.1.617.3. Simultaneously, the ECDC released

2550-489: Was not requested by Charles Francis, the runner-up, and so Baldwin became mayor of Raleigh. She assumed office December 2, 2019. Baldwin ran for reelection in 2022, defeating DaQuanta Copeland and Terrance Ruth. On April 16, 2024, Baldwin announced that she would not seek reelection. Baldwin was mayor while the COVID-19 pandemic impacted Raleigh. On June 17, 2020, she made a proclamation that mandated masks. Baldwin made

2601-506: Was supported by Mayor Baldwin. Baldwin responded after the 2022 Raleigh shootings killed five people, including a law enforcement employee. SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant The Delta variant (B.1.617.2) was a variant of SARS-CoV-2 , the virus that causes COVID-19 . It was first detected in India on 5 October 2020. The Delta variant was named on 31 May 2021 and had spread to over 179 countries by 22 November 2021. The World Health Organization (WHO) indicated in June 2021 that

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