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40-643: The McEwen Baronetcy , of Marchmont in the County of Berwick, and Bardrochat in the County of Ayr, is a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom . It was created on 28 January 1953 for the Conservative politician John McEwen , by Elizabeth II . He notably served as Under-Secretary of State for Scotland from 1939 to 1940. He was succeeded by his eldest son, the second Baronet. On his death

80-800: A date or deadline. During a campaign of urban renewal by the Yaoundé Urban Council in Cameroon, the cross was popularly referred to as "Tsimi's Cross" after the Government Delegate to the council, Gilbert Tsimi Evouna. In traditional timber framing a pair of crossing braces is sometimes called a saltire or a St. Andrew's Cross. Half-timbering, particularly in France and Germany, has patterns of framing members forming many different symbols known as ornamental bracing. The saltire cross, X-cross , X-frame, or Saint Andrew's cross

120-662: A decree to the effect that every Scottish and French soldier (fighting against the English under Richard II ) "shall have a sign before and behind, namely a white St. Andrew's Cross". The cross continues to be used in modern times by religious groups. The arms of the Episcopal Church in the United States features a saltire in its canton. The logo of the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) features

160-399: A diagonal cross. The shield may also be divided per saltire , i.e. diagonally. A warning sign in the shape of a saltire is also used to indicate the point at which a railway line intersects a road at a level crossing. The saltire is important both in heraldry , being found in many coats of arms, and in vexillology , being found as the dominant feature of multiple flags. The saltire

200-484: A further inducement to applicants; and on the same day he granted to all Nova Scotia baronets the right to wear about their necks, suspended by an orange tawny ribbon, a badge bearing an azure saltire with a crowned inescutcheon of the arms of Scotland and the motto Fax mentis honestae gloria (Glory is the torch that leads on the honourable mind). As the required number, however, could not be completed, Charles announced in 1633 that English and Irish gentlemen might receive

240-575: A lighter blue), the same design forms part of the arms and flag of Nova Scotia (whose name means "New Scotland"). The Cross of Burgundy , a form of the Saint Andrew's Cross, is used in numerous flags across Europe and the Americas . It was first used in the 15th century as an emblem by the Valois Dukes of Burgundy . The Duchy of Burgundy , forming a large part of eastern France and

280-490: A red chalice with a Saint Andrew's cross, representing the Scottish heritage of the denomination. The diagonal cross (decussate cross) or X mark is called "saltire" in heraldic and vexillological contexts. A black diagonal cross was used in an old European Union standard as the hazard symbol for irritants (Xi) or harmful chemicals (Xn). It indicated a hazard less severe than skull and crossbones , used for poisons , or

320-693: A result, the Cross of Burgundy has appeared in a wide variety of flags connected with territories formerly part of the Burgundian or Habsburg inheritance. Examples of such diversity include the Spanish naval ensign (1506-1701), the flag of Carlism (a nineteenth century Spanish conservative movement), the flag of the Dutch capital of Amsterdam and municipality of Eijsden , the flag of Chuquisaca in Bolivia and

360-609: Is a blue field with a white saltire. According to tradition, it represents Saint Andrew , who is supposed to have been crucified on a cross of that form (called a crux decussata ) at Patras , Greece . The Saint Andrew's Cross was worn as a badge on hats in Scotland, on the day of the feast of Saint Andrew. In the politics of Scotland , both the Scottish National Party and Scottish Conservative Party use stylised saltires as their party logos, deriving from

400-546: Is current as of January 2024, when it was last updated. The baronetcy lists include any peerage titles which are held by the baronet. King James I created the hereditary Order of Baronets in England on 22 May 1611, to fund the settlement of Ireland . He offered the dignity to 200 gentlemen of good birth, with a clear estate of £ 1,000 a year, on condition that each one should pay a sum equivalent to three years' pay to 30 soldiers at 8 d. per day per man (total – £1,095) into

440-544: Is displayed in UK railway signalling as a "cancelling indicator" for the Automatic Warning System (AWS), informing the driver that the received warning can be disregarded. In Cameroon , a red "X" placed on illegally constructed buildings scheduled for demolition is occasionally referred to as a "St Andrew's Cross". It is usually accompanied by the letters "A.D." ("à détruire"—French for "to be demolished") and

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480-540: Is established by the date of the creation. For a complete list of baronetcies see List of baronetcies . The Baronetage of the United Kingdom started with the formation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in 1801, replacing the Baronetage of Great Britain . (For a complete list of baronetcies, see List of Baronetcies – which includes extinct baronetcies.) The baronetcies are listed below in order of precedence (date order). (For ease in editing,

520-550: Is one of the so-called ordinaries , geometric charges that span throughout (from edge to edge of) the shield. As suggested by the name saltire ("stirrup"; in French: sautoir , in German: Schragen ), the ordinary in its early use was not intended as representing a Christian cross symbol. The association with Saint Andrew is a development of the 15th to 16th centuries. The Cross of Burgundy emblem originates in

560-621: The Baronetage of the United Kingdom in 1801, after the Acts of Union 1800 came into force.. The baronetcies are listed in order of precedence (i.e. date order). The below is a list of all extant baronetcies in the Baronetage of Great Britain, which replaced the Baronetages of Nova Scotia and of England in 1707. In 1801 it was succeeded by the Baronetage of the United Kingdom . These baronetcies are listed in order of precedence, which

600-596: The Burgundians , allied to the English (red cross and red Saint Andrew's cross), the flag of the victorious English ends up gathering, in 1422, under Henri VI , on its field the white and red crosses of France and England, the white and red Saint Andrew's crosses of Guyenne and Burgundy . That saltire is also represented in the pattern of some talenquères in many bullrings in Gascony. The naval ensign of

640-511: The Cenomani . The same design is found on coins of Christian Roman emperors of the 4th to 5th centuries ( Constantius II , Valentinian , Jovian , Gratianus , Valens , Arcadius , Constantine III , Jovinus , Theodosius I , Eugenius and Theodosius II ). The letter Χ (Chi) was from an early time used as a symbol for Christ (unrelated to the Christian cross symbol, which at the time

680-529: The Imperial Russian (1696–1917) and Russian navies (1991–present) is a blue saltire on a white field. The international maritime signal flag for M is a white saltire on a blue background, and indicates a stopped vessel. A red saltire on a white background denotes the letter V and the message "I require assistance". The flags of the Colombian archipelago of San Andrés and Providencia and

720-640: The Low Countries , was inherited by the House of Habsburg on the extinction of the Valois ducal line. The emblem was therefore assumed by the monarchs of Spain as a consequence of the Habsburgs bringing together, in the early 16th century, their Burgundian inheritance with the other extensive possessions they inherited throughout Europe and the Americas , including the crowns of Castile and Aragon . As

760-499: The corrosive sign. The Maria Theresa thaler has a Roman numeral ten to symbolize the 1750 debasement of the coinage, from 9 to 10 thalers to the Vienna mark (a weight of silver). A diagonal cross known as " crossbuck " is used as the conventional road sign used to indicate the point at which a railway line intersects a road at a level crossing . A white diagonal cross on a blue background (or black on yellow for temporary signs)

800-466: The 15th century, as a field sign, and as the Saint Andrew's Cross of Scotland was used in flags or banners (but not in coats of arms) from the 16th century, and used as naval ensign during the Age of Sail . When two or more saltires appear, they are usually blazoned as couped (cut off). For example, contrast the single saltire in the arms granted to G. M. W. Anderson —with the three saltires couped in

840-649: The King's Exchequer. The Baronetage of England comprises all baronetcies created in the Kingdom of England before the Act of Union in 1707. In that year, the Baronetage of England and the Baronetage of Nova Scotia were replaced by the Baronetage of Great Britain . The Baronetage of Nova Scotia was devised in 1624 as a means of settling the plantation of that province (now a province of Canada ). King James VI announced his intention of creating 100 baronets , each of whom

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880-448: The Spanish island of Tenerife also use a white saltire on a blue field. The Brazilian cities of Rio de Janeiro and Fortaleza also use a blue saltire on a white field, with their coats-of-arms at the hub. Saltires are also seen in several other flags, including the flags of Grenada , Jamaica , Alabama , Florida , Jersey , Logroño , Vitoria , Amsterdam , Breda , Katwijk , Potchefstroom , The Bierzo and Valdivia , as well as

920-586: The United Kingdom To be recognised as a baronet, it is necessary to prove a claim of succession. When this has been done, the name is entered on the Official Roll of the Baronetage . Persons who have not proven their claims may not be officially styled as baronets. This was ordained by Royal Warrant in February 1910. A baronetcy is considered vacant if the previous holder has died within

960-414: The coat of Kemble Greenwood. Diminutive forms include the fillet saltire , usually considered half or less the width of the saltire, and the saltorel , a narrow or couped saltire. A field (party) per saltire is divided into four areas by a saltire-shaped "cut". If two tinctures are specified, the first refers to the areas above (in chief) and below (in base) the crossing, and the second refers to

1000-717: The flag of Scotland. Furthermore, the Scottish Government uses the flag as its official symbol on Scottish Government publications, including letters, documents and press releases. Prior to the Union , the Royal Scots Navy used a red ensign incorporating the St Andrew's Cross; this ensign is now sometimes flown as part of an unofficial civil ensign in Scottish waters . With its colours exchanged (and

1040-591: The flags of Florida and Alabama in the United States. Gascony has not had any institutional unity since the 11th century, hence several flags are currently used in the territory. Legend says that this flag appeared in the time of Pope Clement III to gather the Gascons during the Third Crusade (12th century). That flag, sometimes called "Union Gascona" (Gascon Union), contains the St Andrew 's cross,

1080-524: The former Confederacy. Anne Roes (1937) identifies a design consisting of two crossing diagonal lines in a rectangle, sometimes with four dots or balls in the four quarters, as an emblem or vexillum (standard) of Persepolis during the 3rd to 2nd centuries BC. Roes also finds the design in Argive vase painting , and still earlier in button seals of the Iranian Chalcolithic. Roes also notes

1120-728: The former Indian princely states of Khairpur , Rajkot and Jaora . The design is also part of the Confederate Battle Flag and Naval Jack used during the American Civil War (see Flags of the Confederate States of America ). Arthur L. Rogers, designer of the final version of the Confederate National flag, claimed that it was based on the saltire of Scotland. The saltire is used on modern-day Southern U.S. state flags to honour

1160-401: The honour who had not fulfilled the conditions, viz, paid 3,000 merks (£166, 13s. 4d.) towards the plantation of the colony. Four years later (17 November 1629) the king wrote to the contractors for baronets, recognising that they had advanced large sums to Sir William Alexander for the plantation on the security of the payments to be made by future baronets, and empowering them to offer

1200-529: The honour, and in 1634 they began to do so. Yet even so, he was only able to create a few more than 120 in all. In 1638 the creation ceased to carry with it the grant of lands in Nova Scotia, and on the union with England (1707) the Scottish creations ceased, English and Scotsmen alike receiving thenceforth Baronetcies of Great Britain . This is a list of extant baronetcies in the Baronetage of Ireland . They were first created in 1619, and were replaced by

1240-492: The late medieval period. The tradition according to which this saint was crucified on a decussate cross is not found in early hagiography. Depictions of Saint Andrew being crucified in this manner first appear in the 10th century, but do not become standard before the 17th century. Reference to the saltire as "St Andrew's Cross" is made by the Parliament of Scotland (where Andrew had been adopted as patron saint ) in 1385, in

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1280-578: The occurrence of a very similar if not identical vexillum which repeatedly occurs in Gaulish coins of c. the 2nd to 1st century BC, in a recurring design where it is held by a charioteer in front of his human-headed horse. A large number of coins of this type (118 out of 152 items) forms part of the Les Sablons hoard of the 1st century BC, discovered in Le Mans between 1991 and 1997, associated with

1320-588: The ones on either side (in the flanks). Otherwise, each of the four divisions may be blazoned separately. The phrase in saltire or saltirewise is used in two ways: Division of the field per saltire was notably used by the Aragonese kings of Sicily beginning in the 14th century ( Frederick the Simple ), showing the pales of Aragon and the "Hohenstaufen" eagle (argent an eagle sable ). The Flag of Scotland , called The Saltire or Saint Andrew's Cross ,

1360-588: The patron saint of Bordeaux and the red color of English kingdom , which reigned over Gascony from 12th to mid-15th century. In Tome 14 of the Grande Encyclopédie , published in France between 1886 and 1902 by Henri Lamirault , it says during the hard times of the Hundred Years' War and the terrible struggles between the Armagnacs , representing the national party (white cross) and

1400-438: The previous five years and if no one has proven their succession, and is considered dormant if no one has proven their succession in more than five years after the death of the previous incumbent. All extant baronetcies, including vacant baronetcies, are listed below in order of precedence (i.e. date). All other baronetcies, including those which are extinct, dormant or forfeit, are on a separate list of baronetcies . The list

1440-519: The saltire came to be used in a number of flags, in the 16th century for Scotland and Burgundy , in the 18th century also as the ensign of the Russian Navy , and for Ireland . Notable 19th-century usage includes some of the flags of the Confederate States of America . It is also used in the flag of Jamaica and on seals , and as a heraldic charge in coats of arms . The term saltirewise or in saltire refers to heraldic charges arranged as

1480-464: The table has been divided into 25-year periods.) The last baronet to be created was Sir Denis Thatcher in 1990. Saltire A saltire , also called Saint Andrew's Cross or the crux decussata , is a heraldic symbol in the form of a diagonal cross . The word comes from the Middle French sautoir , Medieval Latin saltatoria (" stirrup "). From its use as field sign ,

1520-472: The title passed to his younger brother, the third Baronet. The third baronet was succeeded briefly by his older son, Sir James, who died on 18 June 1983 at age 22, unmarried. As of 2020 the title is held by Sir Robert's second son, the fifth Baronet, who succeeded in 1983 on the early death of his elder brother. He is the current commander of the Clan MacEwen Society, UK. Baronetage of

1560-686: Was given a T-shape ). The vexillum on imperial coins from the 4th century was sometimes shown as the Labarum , surmounted by or displaying the Chi-Rho monogram rather than just the crux decussata . The emblem of the crux decussata in a rectangle, sometimes with four dots or balls, re-appears in coins the Byzantine Empire , in the 9th to 10th centuries. Roes suggested that early Christians endorsed its solar symbolism as appropriate to Christ . The association with Saint Andrew develops in

1600-566: Was to support six colonists for two years (or pay 2,000 merks in lieu thereof) and also to pay 1,000 merks to Sir William Alexander , to whom the province had been granted by charter in 1621. James died before this scheme could be implemented, but it was carried out by his son Charles I , who created the first Scottish baronet on 28 May 1625, covenanting in the creation charter that the baronets of Scotland or of Nova Scotia should never exceed 150, that their heirs apparent should be knighted on coming of age (21), and that no one should receive

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