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43-562: The Inner London Education Authority ( ILEA ) was the local education authority for the City of London and the 12 Inner London boroughs from 1965 until its abolition in 1990. From 1965 to 1986 it was an ad hoc committee of the Greater London Council ; on 1 April 1986 it was reconstituted as a directly elected body corporate. The Inner London Education Authority was established when the Greater London Council (GLC) replaced

86-732: A change through the GLC Women's Group; in April 1983 she challenged him and was elected as the new leader. Under Morrell, the ILEA became concerned with promoting gender equality. The authority was severely criticised for what the right wing regarded as propaganda in the schools it administered. Many of the policies of the Davies leadership were continued, which included the high spending: the ILEA deliberately set an illegally high budget for 1985. The government under Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher , which

129-495: A committee known as a local education authority (LEA). The councils took over the powers and responsibilities of the school boards and technical instruction committees in their area. Municipal boroughs with a population of 10,000 and urban districts with a population of 20,000 were to be local education authorities in their areas for elementary education only. In 1904 the London County Council became

172-536: A director of children's services. The Education and Inspections Act 2006 includes a clause that allows for the future renaming of LEAs as local authorities in all legislation, removing the anomaly of one local authority being known as an LEA and a children's services authority. The term was introduced by the Education Act 1902 ( 2 Edw. 7 . c. 42). The legislation designated each local authority; either county council and county borough council ; would set up

215-577: A local education authority, with the abolition of the London School Board . The metropolitan boroughs within London were not education authorities, although they were given the power to decide on the site for new schools in their areas, and provided the majority of members on boards of management. The LEAs' role was further expanded with the introduction of school meals in 1906 and medical inspection in 1907. The Education Act 1944 changed

258-617: A local education authority. It employed seven actor-teachers and a stage manager and focused its work on secondary schools and Further Education. As well as traditional T.I.E. the Cockpit team used the approach to develop shows analysing set texts. When ILEA was abolished in 1990, ownership of the theatre transferred to the London Borough of Westminster . The ILEA also ran a watersports centre at Greenland Dock in Bermondsey , and

301-460: A strong reputation. Frances Morrell , formerly an assistant to Tony Benn , led a feminist ILEA from 1983 to 1987 which threatened to defy its rate-capping in November 1984, before Neil Fletcher took over. The ILEA was formally created in 1964 and began operations in 1965, but the post of Leader did not exist until April 1967. For the period 1964–67 the de facto leadership was shared between

344-590: A tradition of internal deselection established by both her predecessors. She had insisted that teachers who were surplus to requirements at one ILEA school should transfer to another where there was a shortfall, and threatened to dismiss those who refused. She became secretary of the Speaker of the House of Commons' Commission on Citizenship the next year and a senior research fellow at Queen Mary and Westfield College briefly in 1991–92, before becoming executive director of

387-533: A training studio, a master control and sound and vision mixing suites. At one stage this was believed to be the largest closed-circuit television system in the world. The first transmission took place on 16 September 1969 and the Television Service ran until 1977. When the Post Office, whose cabling was used for the distribution, wanted to withdraw from its contract in the late 1970s, the programming

430-497: The Greater London Council . The twenty outer London boroughs became local education authorities, while a new Inner London Education Authority , consisting of the members of the GLC elected for the twelve inner London boroughs covering the former County of London was created. In 1974 local government outside London was completely reorganised. In the new metropolitan counties of England and Wales, metropolitan boroughs became LEAs. In

473-622: The Labour government made its status permanent in 1965. The ILEA did not cover the small area of North Woolwich , where the LCC had provided a secondary school. This part of the County of London was transferred to the new London Borough of Newham in Outer London and Newham Council was therefore an education authority. The ILEA had a somewhat anomalous legal status. Technically the GLC itself

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516-494: The London County Council (LCC) as the principal local authority for London in 1965. The LCC had, in 1904, taken over from the London School Board responsibility for education in Inner London . In what was to become Outer London , education was during the first half of the twentieth century primarily administered by the relevant county councils and county boroughs , with some functions delegated to second-tier councils in

559-585: The 1990s led to the formation of unitary authorities in parts of England and throughout Wales, which became local education authorities. The Children Act 2004 defined each local education authority as additionally a children's services authority, with responsibility for both functions held by the director of children's services. The Local Education Authorities and Children's Services Authorities (Integration of Functions) Order 2010 removed all reference to local education authorities and children's services authorities from existing legislation, replacing them with

602-917: The Centre For Life Studies, a training centre for biologists in secondary education, at London Zoo ; and funded the Horniman Museum in Forest Hill, south London, and the Geffrye Museum, now the Museum of the Home , in Hoxton . The ILEA was reformed by the Local Government Act 1985 which reconstituted it as a standalone body corporate and a directly elected authority. The replacement body came into existence before

645-794: The Chairman of the Education Committee, James Young , and the Chairmen of the Authority, Harold Shearman (1964–1965) and Ashley Bramall (1965–1967). From 1967 the Leaders of the ILEA were: The ILEA had its own schools broadcasting service, the Educational Television Service, based in the former Tennyson Secondary School, Thackeray Road, SW8 . The television centre had two functional television studios,

688-590: The Conservative election victory in the 1977 GLC elections. When the Left, under Ken Livingstone , won control of the GLC after the 1981 elections, Bramall lost his position in an internal Labour Party vote, being replaced by Bryn Davies . Livingstone later expressed regret for this decision and expressed his admiration for Bramall's leadership abilities. The remaining years of the ILEA saw a succession of left-wing leaderships, none of which lasted long or established

731-526: The GLC and the ILEA tended to concentrate on one duty only, although they attended the meetings of both bodies. It was possible for the ILEA to have a majority of Labour members when the GLC had a majority of Conservative members, and this happened from 1970 to 1973 and 1977 to 1981. In addition, most of the important decisions taken by the ILEA were taken by its Education Committee, on which every member sat. The Education Committee could also co-opt members with experience of education, some of them representing

774-531: The GLC's left faction in support of Ken Livingstone . However, Morrell's background as a teacher led her to spend most time on the Inner London Education Authority (ILEA), membership of which came with membership of the GLC representing an inner borough. She was chosen as Deputy Leader of the new left leadership of the ILEA under Bryn Davies . She became unsatisfied with his leadership, which she considered weak, and built support for

817-602: The ILEA and become education authorities. However, the Government's hand was forced when an amendment was tabled in the House of Commons by Norman Tebbit and supported by Michael Heseltine to abolish the ILEA altogether. This unlikely alliance was particularly notable as Tebbit and Heseltine represented very different ideological wings of the Conservative Party. It was also the source of some local controversy at

860-529: The ILEA could be made up of delegates from the 12 inner London Boroughs, but the Conservative group on the ILEA was strongly against this policy; eventually it was decided that there would be direct elections. Morrell led Labour into the campaign, and with London hostile to the abolition of the GLC, Labour won an easy victory. Morrell was re-elected quite narrowly herself, as the SDP had a strong challenge. Morrell lost her leadership in 1987 by 23 votes to 22, continuing

903-519: The ILEA meant that Inner London boroughs had to, among other things, establish their own admissions policies. This indirectly impacted school admissions across the country, because the Greenwich judgment of 1989 established that LEAs could no longer give their own residents priority access to schools. Local education authority There have been periodic changes to the types of councils defined as local education authorities. Initially, they were

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946-558: The ILEA, but the Inner London Boroughs were adjudged not ready to handle education services. The Conservative government was led by Margaret Thatcher , who had grown to dislike the ILEA as over-spending and over-bureaucratic while Education Secretary in the early 1970s, and would have liked to abolish it. Backbench Conservative MPs continued to oppose the continuation of the ILEA. The Education Reform Bill of Kenneth Baker proposed to allow Boroughs who wanted to opt out of

989-466: The Institute for Citizenship Studies. She was joint chief executive of ArtsInform , which she set up with Linda Payne in 1995 to build relationships between schools and colleges with professional artists and arts organisations. Morrell's husband Brian committed suicide in April 2009, and she herself suffered from increasingly poor health. She died from cancer on 10 January 2010, at the age of 72. She

1032-651: The Isles of Scilly is an education authority. There are 153 local education authorities in England. There are currently 153 local education authorities in England. Below they are listed alphabetically by region. Frances Morrell Frances Morrell ( née Frances Maine Galleway ; 28 December 1937 – 10 January 2010) was a British Labour politician who led the Inner London Education Authority from 1983 until 1987. Frances Morrell

1075-534: The Parliament went on, but Morrell worked to link him with a network of activists outside Parliament. She was unlucky in failing to be selected as candidate for any of several Labour constituencies at the 1979 general election (among them Birkenhead and Manchester Blackley ). After Labour left office she helped to create the Rank and File Mobilising Committee , through which the left organised to bring changes in

1118-577: The abolition of the special committee of the GLC and was known as the Inner London Interim Education Authority until it came into its powers on 1 April 1986. In the May 1986 elections , each Inner London Parliamentary constituency elected two members of the ILEA. Labour won easily. The ILEA had fought off one attempt to abolish it in 1980. The abolition of the GLC, announced in 1983, led to another attempt to get rid of

1161-535: The area. The Herbert Commission report in 1960 recommended the establishment of the Greater London Council. It advocated a London-wide division of educational powers between the GLC and the London boroughs. The GLC would be responsible for strategic control of schools, and the boroughs for routine management. This part of the report was rejected by the government. Councils in the future Outer London area wanted greater control over education, preventing

1204-776: The councils of counties and county boroughs. From 1974 the local education authorities were the county councils in non-metropolitan areas and the district councils in metropolitan areas. In Greater London, the ad hoc Inner London Education Authority existed from 1965 to 1990. Outer London borough councils have been LEAs since 1965 and inner London borough councils since 1990. Unitary authorities created since 1995 have all been LEAs. The functions of LEAs have varied over time as council responsibilities for local education have changed. On 1 April 2009, their powers were transferred to directors of children's services. The Children Act 2004 required every London borough, metropolitan district, top-tier local authority (county) or UA in England to appoint

1247-481: The creation of a London-wide local education authority (LEA), and there was strong opposition from teachers and other bodies to the idea of dividing up the LCC LEA. The London Government Act 1963 therefore created the ILEA to inherit the educational responsibilities of the LCC, and gave Outer London boroughs LEA status. The ILEA was originally conceived as a provisional body whose status would be reviewed before 1970, but

1290-511: The funding of students in higher education (for example undergraduate courses and PGCE ) whose permanent address is in their area, regardless of the place of study. Based on an assessment of individual circumstances they offer grants or access to student loans through the Student Loans Company . Statutory education functions for local authorities in England are as follows: England has several tiers of local government and

1333-574: The leader of the Labour left, and with whom she then agreed on many important issues. In 1973, Benn invited Morrell to be his political adviser should Labour win the next election. She was Labour candidate for Chelmsford at the February 1974 general election , and served as a Special Adviser to Benn at the Departments of Industry and Energy from 1974 to 1979. Benn was increasingly marginalised as

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1376-696: The non-metropolitan counties the county councils were the education authorities. In 1986, with the abolition of the Greater London Council, the Inner London Education Authority became directly elected. This however only lasted until 1990, when the twelve inner London boroughs assumed responsibility for education. In 1989, under the Education Reform Act 1988 , the LEAs lost responsibility for higher education, with all polytechnics and colleges of higher education becoming independent corporations. A further wave of local government reorganisation during

1419-459: The party. In this capacity she was referred to cynically by some in the media: Private Eye commented "How typical of Tony Benn to have a hatchet-woman". The Eye also published a Clerihew : "Frances Morrell / Has done very well / To be leader of the ILEA / Without being black, working class or gay." In the run-up to the 1981 Greater London Council (GLC) elections she was chosen to fight Islington South and Finsbury , and on election formed part of

1462-562: The relevant local authority varies. Within Greater London the 32 London borough councils and the Common Council of the City of London are the local authorities responsible for education; in the metropolitan counties it is the 36 metropolitan borough councils ; and in the non-metropolitan counties it is the 21 county councils or, where there is no county council, the councils of the 62 unitary authorities . The Council of

1505-465: The requirements for delegation of functions from county councils to districts and boroughs. The population requirement for excepted districts became 60,000 or 7,000 pupils registered in elementary schools. The Local Government Act 1958 permitted any county district to apply for excepted district status. In 1965 the London County Council , Middlesex County Council and the councils of the county boroughs of Croydon, East Ham and West Ham were replaced by

1548-512: The teaching unions. The initial composition of the ILEA in 1964 was 43 Labour members to 9 Conservatives, with one Independent. After the 1967 election the Conservatives won a majority, and Christopher Chataway became Leader. However, Labour won control in 1970 and Ashley Bramall began his long leadership. His term saw the ILEA go over to comprehensive education, and the abolition of school corporal punishment . He retained power despite

1591-594: The term 'local authority'. A local authority for the purposes of the Education Act 1996 and the Children Act 2004 was defined as the county council, metropolitan district council, unitary authority, London borough council and the Common Council of the City of London. Schedule 1 of the order inserted in the Education Act 1996 a list of 'education functions' for the relevant local authorities. Despite

1634-611: The term becoming obsolete, 'local education authority' continues to be used to distinguish local authorities with education functions from those without them. In Wales the councils of the counties and county boroughs are responsible for education. Since 5 May 2010, the terms local education authority and children's services authority have been repealed and replaced by the single term 'local authority' in both primary and secondary legislation. Local education authorities had some responsibility for all state schools in their area. Until recently, local education authorities were responsible for

1677-604: The time, as both members represented constituencies ( Chingford and Henley respectively) outside the ILEA area. The Government announced on 4 February 1988 that it would accept the Tebbit/Heseltine amendment and abolish the ILEA in 1990 as part of the Education Reform Act 1988 . Once the Bill was passed, the ILEA then complied with this decision in the interests of education. The Inner London boroughs then became education authorities, and remain so today. The abolition of

1720-628: Was brought up in York , and educated at that city's Queen Anne Grammar School and at Hull University . Much later she undertook an MA at Goldsmiths College, London University . She worked as a schoolteacher from 1960, and married Brian Morrell in 1964. In 1970 she became a Press Officer, working for the Fabian Society and the National Union of Students . This latter role brought her into contact with Tony Benn , then coming to be seen as

1763-415: Was proposing to abolish the GLC, would have wanted to abolish the ILEA as well, but found it was impractical to do so. However, new legislation allowed the Government to limit the ILEA's budget, and it did so. The ILEA was helped by a bail-out from the GLC for one year. The abolition of the GLC in 1986 also meant something had to be done to provide for future elections to the ILEA. It was first suggested that

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1806-556: Was the education authority for inner London, but it was both administratively difficult and politically questionable to allow outer London members of the GLC to have an input. Therefore, the GLC delegated responsibility to the ILEA as a 'special committee', consisting of the members of the GLC from the Inner London area, plus one member delegated from each of the inner London boroughs and the City of London . Those who were members of both

1849-709: Was transferred to VHS tapes and the CCTV network closed down. The Cockpit Theatre, Marylebone (also known at the Cockpit Youth and Arts Centre), in Gateforth Street, London, NW8, was built for the ILEA on the edge of the Lisson Green estate in 1969–70. It was designed as a Theatre in the round by Edward Mendelsohn. The ILEA created the first Theatre in Education company to be entirely housed within

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