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48-492: The town is situated in southeastern Prahova County, on the border with Buzău County ; the four rural localities that surround it are Gura Vadului (north), Baba Ana (south), Săhăteni (east) and Fântânele (west). The Tohani, Pietroasa and Istrița vineyards are all nearby. It is 35 km distant from both Ploiești and Buzău , with Bucharest 92 km to the southwest. Mizil is the only city or town in Romania to lie on

96-526: A Cruel Face I Have"). As of 1964, the football team Rapid Mizil was playing in Divizia C . By the 1985–1986 season, Mizil had a stadium, modernized by the town's mechanical plant, which owned and financed the Steaua Mizil team that played in Divizia B until it was disbanded in 2006. The abandoned stadium is now in an advanced state of degradation. There is a town-financed boxing club, as well as

144-703: A chief source of employment for inhabitants. Mizil is governed by a mayor and 17-member local council. Since the 2016 local election , six councillors belong to the Social Democratic Party , five each to the National Liberal Party and the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats , and one to the Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party . Running water comes from Bălțești and is supplied by

192-598: A drop of 24.1%. Reasons for this trend include lower birth rate, emigration and poor economic conditions. Mizil was mentioned in 1529, in an official document at Brașov . It was first mentioned as Eșteu in 1585, and as Istau in 1591, after its stream. Around the turn of the 18th century, Prince Constantin Brâncoveanu owned the village, building houses at the nearby Corbeanca Dealul Dumbăvii vineyard and establishing an annual fair in Mizil that would become renowned. It

240-403: A modern gymnasium opened in 2007, allowing for sports such as volleyball , handball and tennis to be played. Mizil is twinned with: Buz%C4%83u County Buzău County ( Romanian pronunciation: [buˈzəw] ) is a county ( județ ) of Romania , in the historical region Muntenia , with the capital city at Buzău . In 2011, it had a population of 432,054 and

288-466: A national average of 8.7%); including those who had stopped looking for work, unemployment reached 80% of the working-age population (18 to 62). Poverty had reached alarming levels, with tension and crime also rising, particularly among the generally jobless, under-educated Roma. As of 2005, 39% of Mizil firms are involved in commerce, 15% in services, 12% in industry, 11% in construction, 5% in agriculture, 3% in transport, and 15% in other domains. That year,

336-400: A private company on a network built in 1968. Since 2005, garbage collection is done by a private firm contracted by town hall. In 2002, the town switched from heating oil to natural gas , supplied by a public utility. There is also an electricity network, and the street lights were modernised in 2006. Mizil has 35 km of roads, 36% of which are asphalted. The most significant of these is

384-636: A rise in republican sentiment culminated with an uprising in Ploiești in 1870 and a revolt in Bucharest in 1871, both of which were quelled by the army. In April 1877, in the wake of a new Russo-Turkish war , Romania signed a convention by which Russian troops were allowed to pass through Romanian territory in their advance towards the Ottoman Empire. On May 9, the Romanian parliament declared

432-467: Is a public library. There is also a cultural house, built in 1965-1966. This has 384 seats and a stage of around 50m; the building was modernised in the mid-2000s. Social and cultural activities take place there, with well-known theatrical troupes occasionally performing. There is a children's chess club in the house, and chess can also be played seasonally in the town park. The town's festival days take place during October. The playwright Ion Luca Caragiale

480-766: Is essentially a neighbourhood today. Mizil has a humid subtropical climate ( Cfa in the Köppen climate classification ). At the 2021 census , the town had a population of 12,962. Of Mizil's 14,312 residents at the 2011 census , 83.7% were ethnic Romanians and 16.3% were Roma . One 2008 estimate put the number of Roma at 5,000 or 30.5% of the population estimated at the time. At the same census, according to religion, 93.9% were Romanian Orthodox , 5.4% Pentecostal , 0.7% other or none. (Census figures refer to inhabitants for whom data were available; there were no ethnic or religious statistics for 6.9% of residents.) Between 2002 and 2021, Mizil's population fell from 17,075 to 12,962,

528-653: Is focused on physics, chemistry, biology and computer science, while the other prepares students to become technicians. Mizil has three historic Orthodox churches. The oldest, dedicated to the Holy Trinity , dates to the late 18th century and is in Fefelei. Another one, dedicated to John the Baptist , is in the town centre and was built in 1857. The building is cross-in-square in form and Byzantine and Gothic in style, with Renaissance touches. Its original painting

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576-734: The 45th parallel north . Located on a series of fields with altitudes of 80–95 m, it is on the Mizil Plain, a subdivision of the Bucureștilor Plain, in turn part of the Wallachian Plain , and has been called the "gate to the Bărăgan ", a reference to the plain extending to its east. It is also on the edge of the plain region and the southern reaches of foothills leading up to the Southern Carpathians , being bounded by

624-701: The Romanian United Principalities , the core of the Romanian nation state . In February 1866, Prince Cuza was forced to abdicate and go into exile by a political coalition led by the Liberals; the German Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen was offered the Throne and, on 22 May [ O.S. 10 May] 1866 he entered Bucharest for the first time. In July the same year, a new constitution came into effect, giving

672-961: The Russian Empire 's defeat in the Crimean War brought the 1856 Treaty of Paris , which started a period of common tutelage for the Ottomans and a Congress of Great Powers —the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland , the Second French Empire , the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia , the Austrian Empire , Prussia , and, though never again fully, Russia. While the Moldavia-Wallachia unionist campaign , which had come to dominate political demands,

720-570: The Southern Bessarabia region. Ultimately, Romania was awarded Northern Dobruja in exchange for Southern Bessarabia on 13 June 1878. The Kingdom of Romania subsequently emerged in 1881 with Prince Carol being crowned as King Carol I of Romania . Alexandru Ioan Cuza took steps to unify the administrations of the two Romanian Principalities and gain international recognition for the Union. He also adopted several reforms, including

768-416: The i became an e ; given that activity and transactions that took place around it, the resulting name came to be used for the village as a whole and to replace its old name. The first church was built in 1790, and Mizil was declared a town in 1830. Mizil reached its peak of activity during the 19th century, rapidly outpacing Urlați , which had possessed the advantage of having the closest market to most of

816-415: The secularization of church lands , introduction of free primary education, a French-inspired civil code and penal code as well as a limited agrarian reform and one in the army. Opposition from the large-land-owners dominated parliament to Cuza resulted in a coup against him in 1864. He subsequently instituted authoritarian rule but his popular support, strong at the time of the coup, gradually waned as

864-541: The Communist era, Mizil depended for employment on three large factories employing almost the entire workforce. The largest, established in 1951, produced armaments; the next turned out spun textiles and the smallest made mattresses. The town reached an economic nadir in 1998-1999, when these laid off thousands of workers. One factory, formerly employing 8,500, fired all but around 400, while another dismissed almost all its 2,000 employees. Unemployment rose to 17.5% (against

912-591: The Ploiești-Buzău European route E577 that links Bucharest with Moldavia . There is no public transportation, but there are private buses running to Ploiești, Buzău and surrounding communes, as well as taxis. There is also a Căile Ferate Române train station, lying between Ploiești and Buzău. Companies active in Mizil offer fixed and mobile telephone services, cable television, Internet, postal services, banking and gasoline. As of 2002, Mizil had 8 ha of green space, including roadsides and parks. Agriculture

960-475: The Sărata Plain to the south and by Istrița Hill to the northeast. The area's rocks are Neogene molasse ; there is also gravel and sand. Near the surface, there are loess layers of different thickness. Mizil covers 1931 ha , of which 77.7% are agricultural land, water, forests and green spaces, and 22.3% are developed. The Istău stream runs through it. The town administers one village, Fefelei, although this

1008-590: The circumstances of his deposition in 1866, together with the rapid election of Prussian Prince Carol of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (who was backed by the increasingly important Prussia) and the Austro-Prussian War in the same time, made applying measures against the Union actually impossible. Following the Romanian War of Independence in 1877–78, Romania shook off formal Ottoman rule but eventually clashed with its Russian ally over its demand for

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1056-564: The country the name of Romania ; internationally, this name was used only after 1877, since at the time it shared a common foreign policy with the Ottoman Empire. Nominally, the new state remained a vassal of the Ottoman Empire. However, by this time the suzerainty of the Sublime Porte had become a legal fiction . Romania had its own flag and anthem; after 1867, it had its own currency as well. On 21 May [ O.S. 9 May] 1877, Romania proclaimed itself fully independent;

1104-600: The county is the Buzău River which collects many small rivers from the mountains and flows to the East into the Siret River . The predominant industries in the county are: The hilly area is well-suited for wines and fruit orchards. Salt and oil are the main resources extracted in the county. The main tourist destinations are: The Buzău County Council, renewed at the 2020 local elections , consists of 32 counsellors, with

1152-421: The county was initially divided into four districts: Subsequently, the territory of the county was reorganized into seven districts, by abolishing Plasa Câmpul and establishing four new districts: According to the 1930 census data, the county population was 309,405 inhabitants, ethnically divided as follows: 97.4% Romanians, 1.5% Romanies, 0.5% Jews, as well as other minorities. From the religious point of view,

1200-484: The following party composition: Buzău County has 2 municipalities, 3 towns and 82 communes. Historically, the county was located in the central-southern part of Greater Romania , in the northeastern part of the historical region of Muntenia . Its territory included the southern and western parts of today's Buzău County and several localities that are today in Prahova County , including the town of Mizil . It

1248-681: The independence of the principality, and joined the war on the Russian side. After several Romanian victories south of the Danube and the ultimate victory of the Russian-led side in the war, the European powers recognized Romania's independence under the 1878 Treaty of Berlin . Nevertheless, Romania was made to exchange Southern Bessarabia for Northern Dobruja , and allow non-Christians living in Romania access to Romanian citizenship. In 1881,

1296-576: The land reform failed to bring prosperity to the peasant majority. Cuza was forced to abdicate in 1866 by the two main political groups, the Conservatives and the Liberals, who represented the interests of former large-land-owners. Although the event sparked some anti-unionist turmoil in Cuza's native province of Moldavia, it was quickly suppressed by the central authorities. The new governing coalition appointed Carol of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen as

1344-409: The much older term "Romanian Lands". English use of "Romanian Principalities" is documented from the second half of the 19th century. In the period between the late 18th century and the 1860s, Danubian Principalities was used, a term that sometimes included Serbia , but not Transylvania. In contrast, use of "Romanian Principalities" sometimes included Transylvania but never Serbia. The aftermath of

1392-410: The new Ruling Prince of Romania in a move initially rejected by the European powers but later on accepted. In the first year of Carol's reign Romania adopted its first constitution . This instrument provided for a hereditary constitutional monarchy , with a Parliament being elected through censitary suffrage although the country remained under Ottoman suzerainty. Carol was not unanimously accepted, and

1440-494: The poets Mihai Negulescu and Petre Strihan ; the journalist and poet George Ranetti ( Romeo și Julieta la Mizil , "Romeo and Juliet in Mizil"); Joachim Botez ( Însemnările unui Belfer , "Notes of an Idle Rich Man"; Minerva la Mizil, "Minerva at Mizil"; De la Piatra la Mizil , "From Piatra to Mizil"; Împușcat la Mizil , "Gunned Down in Mizil"); and the novels of Cosmin Manolache since 2000, including Ce față cumplită am ("What

1488-774: The population density was 70.7/km . This county has a total area of 6,103 km . In the North Side there are the mountains from the southern end of the Eastern Carpathians group – the Vrancea Mountains and the Buzău Mountains with heights over 1,700 m. The heights decrease in the South and East passing through the subcarpathian hills to the Bărăgan Plain at about 80 m. The main river crossing

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1536-695: The population was 98.9% Eastern Orthodox, 0.5% Jewish, as well as other minorities. In 1930, the county's urban population was 42,127 inhabitants, comprising 91.2% Romanians, 3.7% Jews, 2.3% Romanies, 0.9% Hungarians, as well as other minorities. From the religious point of view, the urban population was composed of 93.3% Eastern Orthodox, 3.9% Jewish, 1.0% Roman Catholic, as well as other minorities. United Principalities Yiddish , Romani , Russian , Ukrainian , German , The United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia ( Romanian : Principatele Unite ale Moldovei și Țării Românești ), commonly called United Principalities or Wallachia and Moldavia ,

1584-541: The proclamation was sanctioned by the Domnitor the following day. Four years later, the 1866 constitution was modified and Romania became a kingdom , on 22 May [ O.S. 10 May] 1881, Domnitor Carol I was crowned as the first King of Romania . After the First World War , Transylvania and other territories were also included. For its triple symbolic meaning, the date of May 10

1632-527: The same person from occupying both thrones simultaneously and ultimately ushered in the ruling of Alexandru Ioan Cuza as Domnitor (Ruling Prince) over the United Romanian Principalities from 1862 onwards, uniting both principalities . Though internationally formally recognized only after the period of Cuza's reign, the Union was cemented by Ioan Cuza's unsanctioned interventions in the text of previous " Organic Law ". In addition,

1680-494: The sculptures reach 2.7 m. They depict a woman in folk costume embodying the Fatherland, with her right hand raised in salute and her left holding the standard; a soldier and a woman sitting before her, the latter with an open book on her knees and representing History. There is a bronze plaque showing a battle scene, another featuring an inscription, and others naming the 1190 officers and enlisted men who died in battle. There

1728-707: The towns in that part of Wallachia. Moreover, in 1847 the Ploiești-Buzău road began to be built along the foothills, shortening and modernising the link between the capitals of the Danubian Principalities , Bucharest and Iași. It was from the latter to the former city that Alexandru Ioan Cuza passed through Mizil in 1859, on his way to become head of the United Principalities . In this period, inhabitants worked in agriculture, viniculture, animal husbandry and various trades. The first school

1776-535: The work of an anonymous artist from the Russian school. Additionally, there are four 19th-century roadside crosses, two of which are considered historic monuments by the Culture Ministry . A monument dedicated to the troops of the 72nd Mizil Infantry Regiment, who fought during the Romanian Campaign of World War I (1916-1917), stands in the town. Built in 1921, the pedestal is 1.8 m high and

1824-493: The working-age population was 65% of the total, of whom 30% had jobs. Roma represented a significant portion of the 70% who did not. Due to the factory closings, there was a dramatic fall in employment between 1994 and 2001; even with a slight rise in subsequent years, the workforce only reached half the 1994 level. There is one hospital in Mizil, serving the town and surrounding communes. The town houses two high schools, three primary schools and five kindergartens. One high school

1872-440: Was a friend of mayor Condeescu, whom he parodied in his work; the latter's conversations with Caragiale and with Mihai Eminescu 's brother Matei, a soldier assigned to Mizil and who became the mayor's brother-in-law, convinced him to build a theatre. It had 200 seats and opened in 1895; among the plays staged were Caragiale's. After falling into a state of degradation, it was demolished in 1968. A cinema used to operate in Mizil; this

1920-411: Was a primary occupation for the town's inhabitants in the 19th and early 20th centuries, but is much reduced in importance as of the early 21st. Still, as of 2005, 1448 of the total 1931 ha are agricultural land, of which 89% is cultivated arable land, 7% pastures and 6% vineyards. Since 1990, the small tracts of land used for producing hay and growing fruit trees have been converted to other uses. During

1968-535: Was accepted with sympathy by the French, Russians, Prussians, and Sardinians, it was rejected by the Austrian Empire, and looked upon with suspicion by Great Britain and the Ottomans. Negotiations amounted to an agreement on a minimal formal union; however, elections for the ad-hoc divans in 1859 profited from an ambiguity in the text of the final agreement, which, while specifying two thrones, did not prevent

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2016-413: Was bordered on the west by Prahova County , to the north by the counties of Brașov , Trei Scaune , and Putna , to the east by the counties of Râmnicu Sărat and Brăila , and to the south by Ialomița County . The county has seen multiple subdivisions administratively. At the end of the 19th century, the county was subdivided into six districts ( plăși ): In the interwar period, the territory of

2064-639: Was built in 1857, by the boyar Ion Căciunescu, although teaching had begun around 1838. Following the efforts of mayor Leonida Condeescu , an elementary trade school was established about 1902, with a high school opening later. The town's rapid growth slowed down in the first half of the 20th century, eventually stagnating. In the 1950s and '60s, under the Communist regime , it was the centre of Mizil raion in Regiunea Ploiești . During this time, industry—textiles, wood and mechanics—came to be

2112-519: Was celebrated as Romania's National Day until 1948, when the Communist regime installed the republic on 30 December 1947. As a historical term designating the pre-Union Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia, sometimes including the Principality of Transylvania, the term "Romanian Principalities" dates back to the beginnings of modern Romanian history in the mid-19th century. It was subsequently used by Romanian historians as an alternative to

2160-465: Was during the 18th century that a mail coach station for changing horses opened in the village. Merchants began to set up shop, their business augmented by the location between two larger towns; coachmen, wheelwrights, woodcutters and watchmen also found work. In the Ottoman Turkish language of Wallachia 's rulers, the station was known as a menzil . The n dropped out through syncope and

2208-537: Was lost; a restoration took place in 1916. The iconostasis is sculpted out of linden wood and covered with gold leaf in folk art fashion. A third church, consecrated to the Dormition of the Theotokos and located in the town square, is from 1865. Among its sacred objects is a wooden blessing cross featuring silver filigree work and twenty-four red gems; this is from the end of the 19th century and appears to be

2256-479: Was sold to a company that promised to continue screening films but did not do so. Aside from Caragiale, the journalist Geo Bogza , writing after the town's economic decline had begun, helped impress on the public Mizil's image as a place where nothing important ever happens, in a 1938 reportage titled 175 de minute la Mizil ("175 Minutes in Mizil") and summarised as "the adventure of the banal". Other literary portrayals have been undertaken by local writers, including

2304-672: Was the personal union of the Principality of Moldavia and the Principality of Wallachia . The union was formed 5 February [ O.S. 24 January] 1859 when Alexandru Ioan Cuza was elected as the Domnitor (Ruling Prince) of both principalities. Their separate autonomous vassalage in the Ottoman Empire continued with the unification of both principalities . On 3 February [ O.S. 22 January] 1862, Moldavia and Wallachia formally united to create

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