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69-449: Michael Duncan Buerk ( / b ɜːr k / ; born 18 February 1946) is a British journalist and newsreader . He presented BBC News from 1973 to 2002 and has been the host of BBC Radio 4 's The Moral Maze since 1990. He was also the presenter of BBC One 's docudrama 999 from 1992 to 2003. From 2017, Buerk also presented the TV programme Royal Recipes which ran for two series. Buerk

138-545: A Radio Times interview that the "shift in the balance of power between the sexes" has gone too far, we need to "admit the problem", and that men are now little more than "sperm donors". In particular, Buerk objected to the many women now in senior positions within the BBC. Former newsreader Anna Ford commented: "He's a dear old-fashioned chauvinist of the first order." An article was published in anticipation of Buerk's 45-minute TV-essay, "Michael Buerk on What Are Men For?", which

207-538: A party political broadcast . Because of the local product named Marmite , European Marmite is sold by the name " Our Mate " in Australia and New Zealand. New Zealand Marmite uses the name "NZ-Mite" elsewhere. In Denmark , food safety legislation dictates that foodstuffs that contain added vitamins can only be sold by retailers which have been licensed by the Veterinary and Food Administration. In May 2011,

276-694: A BBC journalist too, survived the South Asian tsunami on Boxing Day 2004, and was also in Tokyo when the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami struck. Buerk was awarded the Golden Nymph award at the Monte Carlo festival for his reports on the famine from Korem in Ethiopia, first broadcast on 23 October 1984. The footage of the famine was shot by Mohamed Amin . He later said that the broadcast

345-605: A German spread; Cenovis , a Swiss spread (sold internationally under the brand Sonaris); and Vegex, an autolyzed yeast product available in the United States since 1913. In the United Kingdom, own-branded yeast extract, very similar to Marmite, is sold by Sainsbury's , Tesco and Aldi . Marmite has traditionally been eaten as a savoury spread on bread, toast , savoury biscuits or crackers , and other similar baked products. Owing to its concentrated taste, it

414-430: A Marmite sauce. While the process is secret, the general method for making yeast extract on a commercial scale is to add salt to a suspension of yeast, making the solution hypertonic , which results in the cells shrivelling; this triggers autolysis , during which the yeast self-destructs. The dying yeast cells are then heated to complete their breakdown, and since yeast cells have thick cell walls which would detract from

483-438: A bottled, long-life Marmite-flavoured cheese spread. It is light in texture and contains a hint of Marmite. In 2002, a 100th anniversary jar was released. In February 2007, Marmite produced a limited edition Guinness Marmite of 300,000 jars of 250 g of their yeast extract with 30% Guinness yeast, giving it a noticeable hint of "Guinness" flavour. In January 2008 Champagne Marmite was released for Valentine's Day , with

552-431: A campaign on Instagram—“The Great Marmite Experiment”—-encouraging people to share their Marmite-flavoured recipes. The many entries in response included roast potatoes, beef Wellington and cookies. In Malaysia, Singapore and Hong Kong, Marmite is enjoyed stirred into congee (rice porridge), and in an intensely savory Malaysian dish (local Chinese dish) called Marmite Chicken, consisting of fried pieces of chicken tossed in

621-654: A career in the Royal Air Force were dashed when he failed an eyesight test at the selection centre. He briefly worked as a hod carrier . Buerk began his career in journalism with the Bromsgrove Messenger , South Wales Echo (he shared a house with Sue Lawley in Cardiff ), and the Daily Mail . In 1970, he joined BBC Radio Bristol , where he was the first voice heard on air, before becoming

690-596: A cheese and Marmite panini . There are Marmite-flavoured varieties of Walkers Crisps , and of some brands of rice cakes and biscuits. Marmite has also been used as an ingredient in cocktails, including the Marmite Cocktail and the Marmite Gold Rush. Celebrity chefs have created signature Marmite-flavoured recipes: Nigella Lawson has one for Marmite spaghetti, and Heston Blumenthal has one for Marmite consommé . In 2020, Marmite launched

759-463: A contestable role in news broadcasts. Some argue anchors have become sensationalized characters whose identities overshadow the news itself, while others cite anchors as necessary figureheads of "wisdom and truth" in the news broadcast. The role of the anchor has changed in recent years following the advent of satirical journalism and citizen journalism , both of which relocate the interpretation of truth outside traditional professional journalism, but

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828-425: A criticism against the anchor in this case, claiming that by decreasing the number of people responsible for delivering the news, American viewers receive a bottlenecked stream of information about their surroundings. The choreography and performativity involved in the construction of the news broadcast dramatizes political processes, but in doing so, exposes its flattening of subjectivity and insistence upon itself as

897-410: A former anchor for NBC Nightly News , evidences this lapse in credibility generated by the celebration of the role of the anchor. In early 2015, Williams apologized to his viewers for fabricating stories of his experiences on the scene of major news events, an indiscretion resulting in a loss of 700,000 viewers for NBC Nightly News . David Folkenflik of NPR asserted that the scandal "corrodes trust in

966-598: A historically accurate and detailed description of what happened." Marmite Marmite ( / ˈ m ɑːr m aɪ t / MAR -myte ) is a British savoury food spread based on yeast extract , invented by the German scientist Justus von Liebig . It is made from by-products of beer brewing ( lees ) and is produced by the British company Unilever . Marmite is a vegan source of B vitamins , including supplemental vitamin B 12 . A traditional method of use

1035-408: A limited-edition production of 600,000 units initially released exclusively to Selfridges of London. The product had 0.3% champagne added to the recipe, and a modified heart-shaped label with "I love you" in place of the logo. In 2009, a limited edition Marston's Pedigree Marmite was initiated to celebrate the 2009 Ashes Cricket test series . In March 2010, a "super-strength" version of Marmite

1104-575: A network reporter for BBC News in 1973. From 1983 to 1987, Buerk was the BBC's South Africa correspondent during the dying years of apartheid in the country. Buerk's uncompromising reports on the brutalities of the regime resulted in the South African government expelling him from the country after four years in the post. Buerk's reporting of the Ethiopian famine in October 1984 inspired

1173-546: A new documentary series. Buerk has hosted BBC Radio 4 's The Moral Maze since 1990 and The Choice since 1998. On 22 October 2014, the BBC apologised for the language used in Buerk's early morning trail for that evening's Moral Maze in which he began: "Nobody comes out of the Ched Evans rape case with any credit – not the victim who'd drunk so much she could barely stand, nor the two footballers who had sex with her in

1242-409: A news broadcast format in the United States was Paul Harvey . With the development of the 24-hour news cycle and dedicated cable news channels , the role of the anchor evolved. Anchors would still present material prepared for a news program, but they also interviewed experts about various aspects of breaking news stories, and themselves provided improvised commentary, all under the supervision of

1311-453: A number of complaints the advert still continues. Beginning on 16 November 2014, Buerk took part in the fourteenth series of I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! On 3 December 2014, he was the third celebrity to be eliminated in the public vote. On 28 July 2007, Buerk appeared on a celebrity version of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? with Jennie Bond to raise money for NCH , the children's charity. Between them they won £64,000. He

1380-485: A particular anchor seems to influence viewer perception less than the presence of an anchor in general. The role of the anchor correlates with the analogous, authority- and information-bearing positions already well-established in American politics , and the benefits it confers upon the political realm elucidate the compatibility between these two systems of information. Once again, Morse outlines this relationship between

1449-430: A person takes a MAOI antidepressant, such as phenelzine (Nardil) or tranylcypromine (Parnate), as yeast extracts interact adversely with these types of medications due to their tyramine content. Marmite should be stored in the dark and kept cool, but should not be refrigerated. The " best before " date is given as guidance for the loss of vitamins rather than safety . "I remember sitting in my office looking at

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1518-553: Is a supporter of the British Red Cross and in October 2008 came out in support of an alternative reality game , Traces of Hope, which the charity developed. On the BBC's Children in Need , Buerk has performed several times along with an ensemble of BBC News presenters. In 2004, he dressed in leather to perform Duran Duran classics, and in 2005 he sang Queen 's " Bohemian Rhapsody ". In August 2005, Buerk asserted in

1587-455: Is commonly used as a flavouring, as it is particularly rich in umami due to its very high levels of glutamate (1960 mg/100 g). The image on the jar shows a marmite ( French: [maʁmit] ), a French term for a large, covered earthenware or metal cooking pot. Marmite was originally supplied in earthenware pots but since the 1920s has been sold in glass jars. Marmite's distinctive bulbous jars are supplied to Unilever by

1656-401: Is not naturally found in yeast extract, but is very important for vegans who are at risk of deficiency. Marmite is rich in B vitamins including thiamin (B 1 ), riboflavin (B 2 ), niacin (B 3 ), and folic acid (B 9 ). Vitamin B 12 is only available through artificial enrichment; riboflavin and folic acid are added on top of the naturally-occurring amount. The sodium content of

1725-452: Is often spread very thinly in combination with butter or margarine. It can be made into a savoury hot drink by adding one teaspoon to a mug of hot water, much like Oxo or Bovril . It is also commonly used to enrich casseroles and stews . Marmite is often paired with cheese—for example, in a cheese sandwich or a cheese-flavoured biscuit such as Mini Cheddars . In the UK, Starbucks offers

1794-455: Is to spread it very thinly on buttered toast. Marmite is a sticky, dark brown paste with a distinctive, salty, powerful flavour and heady aroma. This distinctive taste is represented in the marketing slogan: "Love it or hate it." Such is its prominence in British popular culture that Marmite is often used as a metaphor for something that is an acquired taste or polarises opinion. Marmite

1863-564: The BBC 's The One Show in April and September 2010. He has also appeared as a fill-in presenter for Jason Manford on six occasions. Since July 2012, Buerk has co-presented ITV's Britain's Secret Treasures with Bettany Hughes , looking at fifty of the most remarkable archaeological finds made by the British public. On 6 October 2013, he began hosting Inside the National Trust ,

1932-822: The Band Aid charity single " Do They Know It's Christmas? " and the following year's Live Aid concerts. His report is regarded as a watershed moment in crisis reporting that influenced modern coverage. Buerk became the anchor for the BBC Nine O'Clock News and BBC News at Ten . He presented the first BBC News bulletin of the 2000s at 0100 GMT on 1 January 2000 . Buerk announced his semi-retirement from BBC News in 2002, stating he would continue to host other programmes. Despite retirement, he continued to appear on BBC News as an occasional relief presenter until 2004. In 2010, Buerk narrated Sky1 reality show Pineapple Dance Studios . Buerk has also made five guest appearances on

2001-624: The Pacific Islands , whereas elsewhere the British version predominates. The product that was to become Marmite was invented during the late 19th century when the German scientist Justus von Liebig discovered that brewer's yeast could be concentrated, bottled and eaten. In 1902, the Marmite Food Extract Company was formed in Burton upon Trent , Staffordshire, England with Marmite as its main product and Burton as

2070-720: The death of One Direction singer Liam Payne . Buerk was also criticised for referring to Payne as a "drugged up, faded, boyband singer" in the same interview. Buerk was imitated by Jon Culshaw on Dead Ringers . Buerk's life and career has been the subject of a comedy musical, Buerk! The Newsical, which debuted in London at the Network Theatre in May 2013. Buerk lives in Guildford , Surrey, with his wife Christine, with whom he has twin sons. One of his sons, Roland, formerly

2139-460: The 1930s, with characters whose faces incorporated the word "good". Soon afterwards, the increasing awareness of vitamins was used in Marmite advertising, with slogans proclaiming that "A small quantity added to the daily diet will ensure you and your family are taking sufficient vitamin B to keep nerves, brain, and digestion in proper working order". During the 1980s, the spread was advertised with

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2208-886: The German glass manufacturer Gerresheimer . Similar products include the Australian Vegemite (whose name is derived from that of Marmite), the Swiss Cenovis , the Brazilian Cenovit , the long-extinct Argentinian Condibé, the French Viandox , and the German Vitam-R . Marmite in New Zealand has been manufactured since 1919 under licence, but with a different recipe; it is the only one sold as Marmite in Australasia and

2277-459: The anchor and the larger context in which they operate: "[s]ince there are few other organs for inclusive and substantial discourse on social and cultural values in American life, the responsibility for interpreting the world and posing a political course of action and a social agenda falls on a very limited number of public personas, including such news personalities and the president". She levies

2346-438: The anchor's construction of a commodified, aestheticized version of the news, some critics defend the role of the anchor in society, claiming that they function as a necessary conduit of credibility. The news anchor's position as an omnipotent arbiter of information results from their place behind a typically elevated desk, wherefrom they interact with reporters through a screen-within-screen spatial setup. A criticism levied against

2415-689: The anchor, in NBC and in the greater profession", exhibiting the way in which the credibility of the anchor extends beyond their literal place behind the news desk and into the expectation of the news medium at large. CBS's long-running nighttime news broadcast 60 Minutes displays this purported superfluousness of anchors, insofar as it has no central figurehead in favor of many correspondents with similarly important roles. Up-and-coming news networks like Vice magazine's documentary-style reporting also eschew traditional news broadcast formatting in this way, suggesting an emphasis on on-site reporting and deemphasizing

2484-443: The brief and saying to Richard [Flintham], ‘I fucking hate Marmite.’ And he said ‘Oh, I love it.’ And we both just looked at each other." Andy McLeod of marketing agency BMP DDB on the creation of the "Love it or Hate it" campaign Marmite's publicity campaigns initially emphasised the spread's healthy nature, extolling it as "The growing up spread you never grow out of". The first major Marmite advertising campaign began during

2553-519: The company that imports the product to Denmark revealed that it was not licensed and had therefore stopped selling the product: this resulted in widespread but inaccurate reports by the British media that Marmite had been banned by the Danish authorities. The Danish Veterinary and Food Administration stated in 2015 that Marmite had not been banned in the country, but that fortified foods need to be tested for safety and approved before they can be marketed in

2622-570: The country. The issue was resolved in 2016, after the completion of a 2014 supplier-requested test. On 24 January 2014, the Canadian Food Inspection Agency was noted, in a Canadian Broadcasting Corporation story, as preparing to stop the sale of Marmite, as well as Vegemite and Ovaltine , in Canada because they were enriched with vitamins and minerals which were not listed by Canadian food regulations. The agency said

2691-407: The final word of truth. More specifically, "the news media may do 'an important social good when using the techniques of dramaturgy to make governance more interesting to people than would be the case otherwise.' At the same time, however, 'there is an important difference between drama and democracy, with the former requiring spectators and the latter participants.'" In contrast to perceptions of

2760-621: The first usage of this term on television. The anchor term then became commonly used by 1952 to describe the most prominent member of a panel of reporters or experts. The term "anchorman" also was used to describe Walter Cronkite 's role at the Democratic and Republican National Conventions , where he coordinated switches between news points and reporters. The widespread claim that news anchors were called "cronkiters" in Swedish has been debunked by linguist Ben Zimmer . Anchors occupy

2829-406: The importance of the solitary anchor in the news medium. In her essay, "News as Performance", Margaret Morse posits this connection between anchor persona newsroom as an interconnected identity fusing many aspects of the newsroom dynamic: For the anchor represents not merely the news per se , or a particular network or corporate conglomerate that owns the network, or television as an institution, or

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2898-886: The job in the first place mainly because you look nice, I can't see why you should keep it when you don't." Quoting a comment by Anne Robinson ("The viewers don't want to watch ugly") he speculated: "She seemed to say it through gritted teeth, or at least a flawless but strangely taut face – a sign perhaps that she had taken her own advice to stop complaining and work on staying attractive." He did though quote Angela Rippon who spoke positively about older people (including herself) being able to continue their careers in television. Responding to Buerk in The Guardian , presenter Miriam O'Reilly , who won her case for unfair dismissal on age grounds in 2011, asserted: "The rules that apply to women in TV don't apply to men. Men can age, women can't. Women have to be attractive, men don't." In 2016, Buerk

2967-422: The lead (or main) producer, who coordinated the broadcast by communicating with the anchor through an earphone. Many anchors help write or edit news for their programs, although modern news formats often distinguish between anchor and commentator in an attempt to establish the "character" of a news anchor. The mix of "straight" news and commentary varies depending on the type of program and the skills and knowledge of

3036-441: The most sordid of circumstances." Katie Russell, from Rape Crisis England and Wales , accused him of practising " victim-blaming ." She commented: "To infer that being drunk is in any way 'morally' comparable to committing the serious and violent crime of rape is deeply offensive." In 2013, Buerk voiced a Marmite advert in which spoof rescue teams rescue lost forgotten jars at the back of cupboards and fridges and despite receiving

3105-424: The network and its viewers: "People tend to want to believe and trust in television news and start, really, from the anchor". Beneficial or not, the anchor fits snugly into the " personality cult " engendered within American society that encourages celebrity that demands a hierarchy of authority, evidenced by the negligible change in ratings following implementation of new anchors in broadcast lineups. The identity of

3174-465: The news as a one-sided relationship with its viewers, some believe that the news works in conjunction with its audience to produce the most efficient picture possible of the world. Tom Brokaw, in speaking about his experiences as a news anchor for NBC, explained how news stories for the length of their duration tend to feed off viewers' demands, and that news is inherently a "populist medium", and that "[p]eople are not going to turn to television networks for

3243-480: The news presenter developed over time. Classically, the presenter would read the news from news "copy" which they may or may not have helped write with a news writer . This was often taken almost directly from wire services and then rewritten. Prior to the television era, radio-news broadcasts often mixed news with opinion and each presenter strove for a distinctive style. These presenters were referred to as commentators . The last major figure to present commentary in

3312-547: The obese should be allowed to die an early death in order to save the NHS money. In an article in the Radio Times Buerk suggested allowing deaths due to obesity could be a benefit to society. He added, "See it as a selfless sacrifice in the fight against demographic imbalance, overpopulation and climate change." In October 2024, in an interview with BBC Radio 4, Buerk accused the BBC of "excessive media coverage" following

3381-489: The original Marmite recipe and brand. The Australian product Vegemite was developed in early 1920s by Cyril Callister for Fred Walker and Co. due to shortages of Marmite exports to Australia as a result of the First World War. It is now distributed in many countries, and AussieMite is sold in Australia. Other products include OzeMite, which is made by Dick Smith Foods ; Cenovit, a Brazilian spread; Vitam-R ,

3450-418: The particular anchor. The terms anchor , anchorman , or anchorwoman are derived from the usage common in relay racing , specifically the anchor leg , where the position is typically given to the fastest or most experienced competitor on a team. In 1948, "anchor man" was used in the game show Who Said That? to refer to John Cameron Swayze , who was a permanent panel member of the show, in what may be

3519-430: The place anchormen and anchorwomen hold in American media remains consistent. "Just about every single major news anchor since the dawn of the medium after World War II has been aligned with show business," says Frank Rich, writer-at-large for New York magazine , in a polemic against commoditized news reporting, "reading headlines to a camera in an appealing way is incentivized over actual reporting". Brian Williams ,

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3588-415: The product. In 1990, Marmite Limited, which had become a subsidiary of Bovril Limited, was bought by CPC International Inc , which changed its name to Best Foods Inc in 1998. Best Foods Inc subsequently merged with Unilever in 2000, and Marmite is now a trademark owned by Unilever . There are a number of similar yeast products available in other countries; these products are not directly connected to

3657-516: The products were not a health hazard. The CFIA later specified that these specific items had been seized because they were not the versions that are formulated for sale in Canada and which satisfy all Canadian food regulations. Canadian versions of Marmite and the other products would still be permitted to be sold in Canada. Marmite is manufactured by licence in South Africa by Pioneer Foods in its traditional form. South Africa also produces

3726-436: The public interest; rather, he represents the complex nexus of all of them. In this way, the network anchor position is a "symbolic representation of the institutional order as an integrated totality" (Berger and Luckmann 1967, p. 76), an institutional role on par with that of the president or of a Supreme Court justice, although the role originates in corporate practices rather than political or judicial processes. [...] Despite

3795-405: The role of anchor stems from this dynamic, insofar as anchors simply "... regurgitat[e] or reproduc[e] the report of others...", differentiating them from the productive occupations of journalists and on-site reporters. However, journalism professor Elly Alboim articulates the pro-anchor position by characterizing the anchor's nightly presence as a necessary way to build familiarity and trust between

3864-439: The site of the first factory. The by-product yeast needed for the paste was supplied by Bass Brewery . By 1907, the product had become successful enough to warrant construction of a second factory at Camberwell Green in London. By 1912, the discovery of vitamins was a boost for Marmite, as the spread is a rich source of the vitamin B complex ; with the vitamin B 1 deficiency beriberi being common during World War I ,

3933-537: The slogan "My mate, Marmite", chanted in television commercials by an army platoon. The spread had been a standard vitamin supplement for British-based German POWs during the Second World War. For many years television advertisements for Marmite featured the song " Low Rider " by the band War with the lyrics changed to the phrase "My Mate, Marmite". By the 1990s Marmite's distinctive and powerful flavour had earned it as many detractors as it had fans, and it

4002-525: The smoothness of the end product, the husks are sieved out. As with other yeast extracts, Marmite contains free glutamic acid , the monosodium salt of which being monosodium glutamate . Currently, the main ingredients of Marmite are glutamic acid-rich yeast extract, with lesser quantities of salt , vegetable extract, spice extracts and celery extracts, although the precise composition is a trade secret . Vitamins added for food fortification include riboflavin, folic acid, and Vitamin B 12 . Vitamin B 12

4071-719: The spread became more popular. British troops during World War I were issued Marmite as part of their rations . During the 1930s, Marmite was used by the English scientist Lucy Wills to successfully treat a form of anaemia in mill workers in Bombay. She later identified folic acid as the active ingredient. Marmite was used to treat malnutrition by Suriya-Mal workers during the 1934–35 malaria epidemic in Sri Lanka . Housewives were encouraged to spread Marmite thinly and to "use it sparingly just now" because of limited rations of

4140-411: The spread is high and has caused concern, although it is the amount per serving rather than the percentage in bulk Marmite that is relevant. The main ingredient of Marmite is yeast extract, which contains a high concentration of glutamic acid. Marmite is not gluten-free, as it is made with wheat, and although it is thoroughly washed, it may contain small quantities of gluten. Marmite should be avoided if

4209-826: The state of Britain and of the BBC. Of the corporation's coverage of the Thames River Pageant celebrating Britain and the 60th anniversary of Queen Elizabeth II 's accession to the throne, he wrote: "The Dunkirk Little Ships, the most evocative reminders of this country's bravest hour, were ignored so that a pneumatic bird-brain from Strictly Come Dancing could talk to transvestites in Battersea Park." In an article for Radio Times in April 2014 about 'grey power' in television, Buerk referred to presenters who had gone to employment tribunals over claims of age discrimination. Several older female presenters have won cases over wrongful dismissal. Buerk wrote: "If you got

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4278-449: Was begun, containing edible gold-coloured flecks. Marmite chocolate is also available. In 2015, Marmite Summer of Love Special Edition featured a flower power -themed label. This special edition's blend had a lighter taste made using 100% lager yeast. On 25 March 2019, Marmite Peanut Butter was introduced, which (as the title implied) combined the taste of Marmite with that of crunchy peanut butter. On 2 May 2022, Marmite Truffle

4347-590: Was born on 18 February 1946, in St. Philomena's Nurisng Home, Solihull . He moved to Canada as a young child before returning to the West Midlands after the failure of his mother's marriage, when Buerk was five. He attended Solihull School , an independent school in the West Midlands where he was a member of the Combined Cadet Force and represented the school on the sports field. Buerk's hopes of

4416-475: Was critical of Emma Thompson , Benedict Cumberbatch , and other celebrity liberals. He said in an interview with Ross Kemp , "I hate it when feather-bedded thesps pay flying visits to the desperate to parade their bleeding hearts and trumpet their infantile ideas on what 'must be done'. There's only so much of the Benedict and Emma worldview you can take." In August 2019 it was reported that Buerk thought that

4485-496: Was known for producing a polarised "love/hate" reaction amongst consumers. Marmite began a "Love it or Hate it" campaign in October 1996, and this resulted in the inventing of the phrase "Marmite effect" or "Marmite reaction" for anything which provoked controversy. On 22 April 2010, Unilever threatened legal action against the British National Party for using a jar of Marmite and the "love it or hate it" slogan in

4554-634: Was one of "the most influential pieces of television ever broadcast [prompting] a surge of generosity across the world for Ethiopia [that raised] more than $ 130 million". In 1991, Buerk was awarded an Honorary Degree (MA) by the University of Bath . On 18 July 2013, Buerk was awarded an honorary "Doctor of the University" degree at Surrey University 's awards ceremony in Guildford Cathedral . News presenter The role of

4623-482: Was part of a series on Channel Five , Don't Get Me Started! broadcast on Tuesday 23 August 2005. Guardian television reviewer Sam Wollaston thought Buerk had "been thoroughly, and quite rightly, crucified" in the pre-publicity. At the Hay-on-Wye literary festival earlier in the year, Buerk criticised contemporary newsreaders for being overpaid autocue-reading "lame brains". At the end of 2012, Buerk despaired of

4692-497: Was released, called Marmite XO (XO standing for "extra old"). Marmite XO is matured for 28 days, four times longer than usual. The original Marmite XO's cap was black, and has a black and gold label. In July 2019, Marmite XO returned due to popular demand. The 2019 version has an off-white cap as opposed to the original black. In April 2012, a special-edition jar in commemoration of the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II

4761-473: Was released. With the product renamed "Ma'amite," the redesigned label featured a colour scheme based upon the Union Jack ; the marmite and spoon logo replaced by a gold crown, and with a red rather than yellow cap. The front label also declares "Made with 100% British Yeast". Coinciding with the 110th anniversary of the brand, production was limited to 300,000 jars. For Christmas 2012 a gold limited edition

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