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53-555: The Michigan State Historic Preservation Office is one of 59 state historic preservation offices established according to the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 that plays a role in implementing federal historic preservation policy in the United States. The purposes of a SHPO include surveying and recognizing historic properties, reviewing nominations for properties to be included in

106-531: A Compact of Free Association with the United States, which entered into force on November 3, 1986, marking Micronesia's emergence from trusteeship to independence. Independence was formally concluded under international law in 1990, when the United Nations officially ended the Trusteeship status pursuant to Security Council Resolution 683 . The Compact was renewed in 2004. In February 2021, due to

159-646: A National Conference of State Historic Preservation Officers to represent them on a National level, particularly in Washington. The SHPO continued to gain an increasingly specific role, taking on the position of the advising consultant for the Section 106 review process. In 1980 with the amendment to the NHPA, the SHPO's exact duties were finally identified, defining its role, which remains today. The responsibilities of

212-666: A bitter leadership dispute, the Federated States of Micronesia announced it would quit the Pacific Islands Forum in its formal process of withdrawal. However, in June 2022, the Suva Agreement was reached and the Federated States of Micronesia agreed to remain in the forum. The Federated States of Micronesia is governed by the 1979 constitution , which guarantees fundamental human rights and establishes

265-702: A network of canals, is often called the Venice of the Pacific. It is located on the eastern periphery of the island of Pohnpei and used to be the ceremonial and political seat of the Saudeleur dynasty that united Pohnpei's estimated 25,000 people from about AD 500 until 1500 when the centralized system collapsed. European explorers—first the Portuguese in search of the Spice Islands ( Indonesia ) and then

318-409: A separation of governmental powers. This constitution constructs the national government to be similar to – but not exactly alike – that of the United States. The unicameral Congress has fourteen members elected by popular vote. Four senators—one from each state—serve four-year terms; the remaining ten senators represent single-member districts based on population and serve two-year terms. Congress elects

371-625: A white star on the national flag. The capital is Palikir , on Pohnpei. Two terrestrial ecoregions lie within the country's borders: Carolines tropical moist forests and Yap tropical dry forests . It had a 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 7.55/10, ranking it 37th globally out of 172 countries. The major coastal communities are mangrove forests, seagrass beds, lagoons and coral reefs, biologically and physically linked. About 300 species of coral, 1000 species of fish and 1200 species of mollusks are recognized in Micronesia. In

424-534: Is a result of intermarriages between Japanese settlers and Micronesians during the Japanese colonial period. There is also a growing expatriate population of Americans, Australians, Europeans, and residents from China and the Philippines since the 1990s. English has become the common language of the government, and for secondary and tertiary education. Outside of the main capital towns of the four FSM states,

477-464: Is a sovereign, self-governing state in free association with the United States of America , which is wholly responsible for its defense. The FSM National Police operates a Maritime Wing Unit. The Compact of Free Association allows FSM citizens to join the U.S. military without having to obtain U.S. permanent residency or citizenship, allows for immigration and employment for Micronesians in

530-474: Is among the highest in the world, absorbing about 2500 grams of carbon per square meter per year, against 2200 grams in the tropical forest and 125 grams in the open sea. Inland, from the tidal zone to the top of the mountains there is a varied range of vegetation , cloud forest, upland, palm, plantation, areas dominated by climbers of the genus Merremia, savannas, native secondary forest, fragments of introduced trees, cultivated areas, freshwater swamps, swamps of

583-534: Is an island country in Micronesia , a subregion of Oceania . The federation consists of four states —from west to east: Yap , Chuuk , Pohnpei , and Kosrae —that span across the western Pacific just north of the equator , for a longitudinal distance of almost 2,700 km (1,700 mi). Together, the states comprise around 607 islands and a combined land area of approximately 702 km or 271 sq mi. The entire island nation lies across

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636-474: Is important to have a close relationship with these federal agencies and national organizations, and NCSHPO maintains these by partnering closely with organizations such as: The ACHP, The National Park Service , The National Trust for Historic Preservation and Preservation Action . Federated States of Micronesia The Federated States of Micronesia ( / ˌ m aɪ k r oʊ ˈ n iː ʒ ə / ; abbreviated FSM ), or simply Micronesia ,

689-651: Is relatively small; but FSM's waters occupy nearly 3 million km (1.2 million sq mi) of the Pacific Ocean , giving the country the 14th-largest exclusive economic zone in the world. The island nation's capital is Palikir , located on Pohnpei Island ; the largest city is Weno , an island municipality located in the Chuuk Lagoon . Each of its four states is centered on one or more main volcanic islands , and all but Kosrae include numerous outlying atolls . The FSM spreads across part of

742-407: Is served by four international airports. Economic activity in the Federated States of Micronesia consists primarily of subsistence farming and fishing . The islands have few mineral deposits worth exploiting, except for high-grade phosphate . Long line fishing of tuna is also viable with foreign vessels from China that operated in the 1990s. The potential for a tourist industry exists, but

795-465: Is warm, humid and rainy all year round. The islands are located north of the equator and are affected by constant trade winds, which temper the climate. Minimum temperatures range all year round between 22 and 25 °C, and maximum temperatures between 30 and 32 °C. The abundant precipitations oscillate between 2500 and 5000 mm per year, although in the faces oriented to the wind they can surpass 6000 mm. Mount Nahnalaud, only 750 m high, on

848-545: The Baháʼí Faith . There is a small group of Buddhists on Pohnpei, and a small group of Ahmadiyya Muslims in both Pohnpei and Kosrae. Attendance at religious services is generally high; churches are well supported by their congregations and play a significant role in civil society. In the 1890s, on the island of Pohnpei, intermissionary conflicts and the conversion of clan leaders resulted in religious divisions along clan lines which persist today. More Protestants live on

901-564: The Caroline Islands in the wider region of Micronesia , which region consists of thousands of small islands divided among several countries. The term Micronesia may refer to the Federated States of Micronesia or to the region as a whole. The FSM was a part of the former Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (TTPI), a United Nations Trust Territory administered by the United States from 1947 to 1994. On May 10, 1979

954-917: The District of Columbia , Puerto Rico , American Samoa , the Virgin Islands , Guam , the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands , the Republic of Palau , the Republic of Marshall Islands , and the Federated States of Micronesia ; making 59 SHPOs total. Each State Historic Preservation Office is responsible for effective planning to address preservation matters. For example, agricultural structures such as barns are significant to New Hampshire 's "values of heritage, hard work, productivity and stewardship" and

1007-576: The Michigan History Center and Eastern Michigan University . The Michigan State Historic Preservation Office has administered by the Michigan Economic Development Corporation since August 11, 2019. This Michigan-related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . State historic preservation office In 1966, the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA)

1060-468: The Micronesian Games , the nation's football championship and the Micronesia national football team . The Federated States of Micronesia Athletic Association is the governing body for the country's sports and athletics. Each of the four states has its own culture and traditions, but there are also common cultural and economic bonds that are centuries old. Cultural similarities include

1113-484: The National Register of Historic Places , reviewing federal and state undertakings for their impact on historic resources, and supporting federal organizations, state and local governments , and private sector in historic preservation matters. The organization was formerly involved in the listing of state historic sites and operating the state's historical marker program; that function is now performed by

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1166-620: The Pacific Islands Forum . However, in February 2021, FSM announced it would be formally withdrawing from the Forum in a joint statement with Marshall Islands , Kiribati , and Nauru after a dispute regarding Henry Puna 's election as the Forum's secretary-general. In February 2022, following the Russian invasion of Ukraine , FSM severed its diplomatic relations with Russia and called the invasion "unjustified and brutal". The four states in

1219-720: The Secretary of the Interior in the Department of the Interior . " Historic Preservation Program " – A program designed to support and promote historic preservation interests and priorities. There are National, Federal and State Preservation Programs, each tailored to suit the needs at each particular level. " Certified local government "- For a city or town's local government to become certified, it has to meet particular standards so that it can participate in certain NHPA programs. SHPOs exist not only in 50 states , but also in

1272-645: The Spanish —reached the Carolines in the sixteenth century. The Treaty of Tordesillas gave these lands to Spain and the Spanish incorporated the archipelago to the Spanish East Indies through the capital, Manila , and in the 19th century established several outposts and missions. In 1887, they founded the town of Santiago de la Ascensión in what today is Kolonia on the island of Pohnpei. In

1325-612: The 1870s, Germany began extending its sphere of influence in the Caroline Islands, leading to the Carolines Question of 1885 in which Pope Leo XIII was asked to determine if Germany or Spain had authority over the islands. The result was a confirmation of Spanish authority over the islands, but Germany would have free access to the islands. Following defeat in the Spanish–American War , the Spanish sold

1378-518: The Alaskan Coast and protect them. Tribal Historic Preservation Officers (THPOs) assume "some or all of the functions of State Historic Preservation Officers on Tribal lands ." The National Conference of State Historic Preservation Officers (NCSHPO) is a non-profit organization for State Historic Preservation Officers (SHPO). It serves as a way of contacting the SHPOs as well as a way for

1431-530: The Federated States of Micronesia are 97% Christian . More than half of the population follows the Catholic Church (55%) and about 42% follow various Protestant Christian groups. In general this is due to Spanish and German colonial history. Spanish rule meant that a large part of the population remained Catholic. During the German colonial period, until 1914, Catholic and Protestant missionaries from

1484-1045: The German Empire were deployed. Several Protestant denominations, as well as the Roman Catholic Church , are present in every Micronesian state. Most Protestant groups trace their roots to American Congregationalist missionaries. On the island of Kosrae, the population is approximately 7,800; 95 percent are Protestants. On Pohnpei , the population of 35,000 is evenly divided between Protestants and Catholics. Most immigrants are Filipino Catholics who have joined local Catholic churches, e.g. Our Lady of Mercy Catholic Church in Pohnpei. On Chuuk and Yap, an estimated 60 percent are Catholic and 40 percent are Protestant. Religious groups with small followings include Baptists , Assemblies of God , Salvation Army , Seventh-day Adventists , Jehovah's Witnesses , The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons), and

1537-521: The President and Vice President from among the four state-based senators to serve four-year terms in the executive branch. Their congressional seats are then filled by special elections. An appointed cabinet supports the president and vice president. There are no formal political parties. In international politics, the Federated States of Micronesia has often voted with the United States concerning United Nations General Assembly resolutions. The FSM

1590-649: The SHPOs to communicate with each other. The mission of the NCSHPO is to act as a national representative for the SHPOs, especially when it comes to representing their interests in Washington. The NCSHPO meets once a year and participants include not only SHPOs, but members of Preservation Action and the National Alliance of Preservation Commissions , National Trust for Historic Preservation Advisors and federal agencies. Participants are updated on important legislative issues and then visit Capitol Hill with

1643-740: The State Historic Preservation Office, according to the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, include running the State Historic Preservation Program and, as stated in the Act: Definitions " Comprehensive Statewide Historic preservation plan " – The official plan assumed by local governments throughout the state, that guides decision making over proposed public and private actions affecting community development. View an example here . " Secretary " refers to

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1696-806: The U.S., and establishes economic and technical aid programs. FSM has foreign relations with 56 countries, including the Holy See and the Sovereign Military Order of Malta . FSM was admitted to the United Nations based on the Security Council 's recommendation on August 9, 1991, in Resolution 703 and the General Assembly 's approval on September 17, 1991, in Resolution 46/2. The FSM was an active member of

1749-533: The United Nations and has been a member of the Pacific Community since 1983. The ancestors of the Micronesians settled over four thousand years ago. A decentralized chieftain-based system eventually evolved into a more centralized economic and religious culture centered on Yap Island . Nan Madol , a UNESCO World Heritage Site , consisting of a series of small artificial islands linked by

1802-470: The archipelago to Germany in 1899 under the German–Spanish Treaty of 1899 . Germany incorporated it into German New Guinea . (A few remote islands, notably Kapingamarangi , were not specifically named in the treaty, but this remained unnoticed until the late 1940s and, while acknowledging the historical curiosity in 1949, Spain has made no modern claims to the islands. ) During World War I , it

1855-639: The federation are, from west to east: These states are further divided into municipalities . The Federated States of Micronesia consists of 607 islands extending 2,900 km (1,802 mi) across the archipelago of the Caroline Islands east of the Philippines . The islands have a combined area of 702 km (271 sq mi). The islands are grouped into four states, which are Yap , Chuuk (called Truk until January 1990), Pohnpei (known as "Ponape" until November 1984), and Kosrae (formerly Kusaie). These four states are each represented by

1908-438: The importance of the traditional extended family and clan systems and are found on all the islands. The island of Yap is notable for its "stone money" ( Rai stones ), large disks usually of calcite, up to 4 meters (13 ft) in diameter, with a hole in the middle. The islanders, aware of the owner of a piece, do not necessarily move them when ownership changes. There are five major types: Mmbul , Gaw , Ray , Yar , and Reng ,

1961-587: The information, to meet with their Representatives and Senators to establish favorable positions on these issues. Generally the President of the NCSHPO is a previous member of the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (ACHP) while the Board of Directors, which governs NCSHPO, is elected by the member states and meets more frequently than once a year. It acts as a representative for them with federal agencies and national preservation organizations. It

2014-447: The island of Pohnpei, receives an average of 10,160 mm, being one of the rainiest places on earth, with almost always overcast skies. In general, the rains are produced by showers and storms of short duration but very intense. The driest places are the flat atolls, where rainfall can drop below 3000 mm. The driest months are January and February, with no less than 250 mm and 20 days of rain. The Federated States of Micronesia

2067-519: The islands ratified a constitutional government and then became a sovereign state after attaining independence on November 3, 1986—under a Compact of Free Association with the United States. Other neighboring island entities (also former members of the TTPI), also formed constitutional governments, becoming the Republic of the Marshall Islands and the Republic of Palau . The FSM has a seat in

2120-403: The last being only 30 cm (12 in) in diameter. Their value is based on both size and history, many of them having been brought from other islands, as far as New Guinea , but most coming in ancient times from Palau . Approximately 6,500 of them are scattered around the island. Pohnpei is home to Nan Madol: Ceremonial Centre of Eastern Micronesia , a UNESCO World Heritage Site , but

2173-516: The local languages are primarily spoken. In the Catholic mission of Pohnpei , among the Mercedarian missionaries, considered an institution in the country, Spanish is also spoken. Growth remains high at more than 3% annually, offset somewhat by net emigration. English is the official and common language. Aside from English, the following Austronesian languages are spoken: The people of

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2226-586: The main concerns of the FSM. Geographical isolation and a poorly developed infrastructure are major impediments to long-term growth. The indigenous population of the nation, which is predominantly Micronesian , consists of various ethnolinguistic groups. It has a nearly 100% Pacific Islander and Asian population: Chuukese 48.8%, Pohnpeian 24.2%, Kosraean 6.2%, Yapese 5.2%, Yap outer islands 4.5%, Asian 1.8%, Polynesian 1.5%, other 6.4%, unknown 1.4%. A sizable minority also have some Japanese ancestry , which

2279-434: The mangrove forests there are shrimps, crabs and fish, as well as birds that feed on them. Seagrass meadows appear offshore following the mangroves. The lagoons provide food for the reef inhabitants and contain various kinds of plankton. The biodiversity and complexity of the coral reefs increases markedly from east to west, with 150 species of hard coral at Kosrae, 200 at Pohnpei and 300 at Chuuk. Coral productivity in this area

2332-626: The northern Pacific accordingly: northeast of Indonesia and Papua New Guinea ; south of Guam and the Marianas ; west of Nauru and the Marshall Islands ; east of Palau and the Philippines ; about 2,900 km (1,800 mi) north of eastern Australia , 3,400 km (2,100 mi) southeast of Japan; and some 4,000 km (2,485 mi) southwest of Honolulu of the Hawaiian Islands . The country's total land area

2385-424: The palm Nypa fruticans , atoll forests, forests in rocky areas and beaches. There are about 1230 species of ferns and flowering plants, of which 782 are native, including 145 native fern species. On Pohnpei Island, there are about 750 plant species, of which 110 are endemic. Another 457 species have been introduced. The Federated States of Micronesia has a tropical rainforest climate ( Köppen : Af ). The weather

2438-478: The remoteness of the location and a lack of adequate facilities hinder development. Financial assistance from the U.S. is the primary source of revenue, with the U.S. pledged to spend $ 1.3 billion in the islands in 1986–2001; when the Compact was amended in 2004, the United States committed to providing $ 110 million in development aid through 2023. The CIA World Factbook lists high dependence on U.S. aid as one of

2491-608: The site is currently listed as In Danger due to natural causes. The government is working on the conservation of the site. Traditional dances on the main islands includes "stick dancing" on Pohnpei , Chuuk and Yap , standing dances on Chuuk and sitting dances on Yap and Chuuk . The Yapese are particularly known for their skills in dancing. The Yapese stick dance is performed by men, women and children together, while standing dances are performed either by women or men and boys, but never both together. The men participate in various dancing competitions, which are segregated by caste ;

2544-518: The state has devoted special programs to help preserve these values. In Florida, Art Deco buildings in South Beach are considered significant to the state. As a result of these differences, states have expanded and/or specialized their SHPO purposes and created private organizations. Alaska's Coastal Management Program is a private organization, created by the state to regulate agencies to acknowledge environmental and cultural resources within

2597-472: The western side of the island, while more Catholics live on the eastern side. Missionaries of many religious traditions are present and operate freely. The Constitution provides for freedom of religion , and the Government generally respects this right in practice. The US government received no reports of societal abuses or discrimination based on religious belief or practice in 2007. Life expectancy

2650-528: Was 66 for men and 69 for women in 2018. Pingelap in Pohnpei State is notable for the prevalence of an extreme form of color blindness called Achromatopsia , and known locally as maskun . Approximately 5% of the atoll's 3000 inhabitants are afflicted. Baseball is very popular in the FSM. The sport of association football in the Federated States of Micronesia is run by the Federated States of Micronesia Football Association . They control

2703-630: Was administered by the United States under United Nations auspices in 1947 as part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands pursuant to Security Council Resolution 21 . On May 10, 1979, four of the Trust Territory districts ratified a new constitution to become the Federated States of Micronesia. Palau , the Marshall Islands , and the Northern Mariana Islands chose not to participate. The FSM signed

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2756-646: Was captured by Japan . Following the war, the League of Nations awarded a mandate for Japan to administer the islands as part of the South Seas Mandate . During World War II , a significant portion of the Japanese fleet was based in Truk Lagoon . In February 1944, Operation Hailstone , one of the most important naval battles of the war, took place at Truk, in which many Japanese support vessels and aircraft were destroyed. Following World War II, it

2809-643: Was put into effect. As part of the Congressional Act , Section 101 implemented the designation of the State Historic Preservation Program. State Liaison Officers, which later became known as State Historic Preservation Officers, were established to manage historic preservation grants for the National Park Service (NPS). In the 1970s, these SHPOs experienced a growth in power as they became more organized, efficient and professional, and clarified their relationships with NPS. They also formed

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