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22-445: Mutsu Province is also known as Ōshū ( 奥州 ) or Michinoku ( 陸奥 or 道奥 ) . The term Ōu ( 奥羽 ) is often used to refer to the combined area of Mutsu and the neighboring province Dewa , which together make up the entire Tōhoku region . Mutsu, on northern Honshū , was one of the last provinces to be formed as land was taken from the indigenous Emishi , and became the largest as it expanded northward. The ancient regional capital of

44-557: A force of over 5000 men. The road was greatly resented by the Emishi tribes, and after an uprising in 767, pacification expeditions were carried out in 776, 778, 794, 801 and 811. During the Nara period , under the Engishiki classification system, Dewa was ranked as a "greater country" (上国). Under the ritsuryō system, Dewa was classed as a "far country" (遠国). The name of the province

66-531: A force of over 5000 men. The road was greatly resented by the Emishi tribes, and after an uprising in 767, pacification expeditions were carried out in 776, 778, 794, 801 and 811. The castle was severely damaged in an earthquake in 830. In 878, a major rebellion known as the Ganki Disturbance (元慶の乱) erupted in the region against Yamato rule, which resulted in the destruction of a large part of Akita Castle. Another major uprising occurred in 939, known as

88-731: A fort on the Mogami River . In 708 AD Dewa District ( 出羽郡 , Dewa-gun ) was created within Echigō Province. The area of Dewa District was roughly that of the modern Shōnai area of Yamagata Prefecture, and was gradually extended to the north as the Japanese pushed back the indigenous people of northern Honshū . Dewa District was promoted to the status of a province ( Dewa Province ( 出羽国 , Dewa no kuni ) ) in 712 AD, and gained Okitama and Mogami Districts, formerly part of Mutsu Province. A number of military expeditions were sent to

110-674: The Kamakura period , which developed into the centers of numerous rival samurai clans. In 1335, Shiba Kaneyori received the Dewa Province as a fief from Ashikaga Takauji , but ruled it only in name. By the end of the Sengoku period , the Mogami clan had emerged as the strongest local force in the southern portion of the province, whereas the Akita clan dominated the northern portion of

132-761: The Kinai government was Tagajō in present-day Miyagi Prefecture . In 1095, the Ōshū Fujiwara clan settled at Hiraizumi , under the leadership of Fujiwara no Kiyohira . Kiyohira hoped to "form a city rivaling Kyoto as a centre of culture". The legacy of the Ōshū Fujiwara clan remains with the temples Chūson-ji and Mōtsū-ji in Hiraizumi, and the Shiramizu Amidadō temple building in Iwaki . In 1189, Minamoto no Yoritomo invaded Mutsu with three great forces, eventually killing Fujiwara no Yasuhira and acquiring

154-506: The Tokugawa shogunate . During the Asuka period , Abe no Hirafu conquered the native Emishi tribes at what are now the cities of Akita and Noshiro in 658 and established a fortification on the Mogami River . In the year 708 AD, “Dewa Country” was created out of the northern half of Echigo Province and was raised in status to Dewa Province in 712 AD. However, at that time the region

176-659: The Heian period, the province was organized into eleven districts. It was later a battleground in the Gosannen War and the Former Nine Years War . Following the destruction of the Northern Fujiwara clan by the forces of the Kamakura shogunate in 1189, many Fujiwara partisans fled to the mountains of Dewa and continued to resist central authority. The area was divided into numerous shōen during

198-534: The Sea of Japan directly to the Noto Peninsula , they abandoned the northern route via the western coast of Hokkaido . The Akita Castle then lost its diplomatic functions, which affected even its physical appearance. Akita Castle was surrounded by earthen ramparts and had gates at each of the cardinal points. Archaeological excavations have found the foundations of the barracks as well as official buildings for

220-691: The Tenki Disturbance (天慶の乱). However, Akita Castle was restored after each disaster and remained in use until the mid- Heian period . From the 9th through the 11th centuries, Akita Castle was the residence of the “Dewa-no-suke”, or nominal deputy governor of Dewa Province. The title was later changed to “Akita-no-suke”. However, the castle was abandoned around 1050 during the Former Nine Years War . The imperial dynasty built this northernmost fortification because it thought necessary to have an outpost there to properly receive (and occasionally refuse) diplomatic delegations from Balhae /Bohai. Because of

242-460: The area, with armed colonists forming settlements with wooden palisades across central Dewa in what is now the Shōnai area of Yamagata Prefecture . The capital of the new province was initially established at Dewanosaku (出羽柵), a fortified settlement in what is now part of Sakata, Yamagata , which served as a vital military stronghold in the expansion of Yamato control and settlement in the region. In 733,

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264-629: The capital was moved north, and a new military settlement, later named " Akita Castle ", was built what is now in the Takashimizu area of the city of Akita. Abe no Yakamaro was sent as Chinjufu-shōgun . In 737, a major military operation began to connect Akita Castle with Taga Castle on the Pacific Coast. Over the next 50 years, additional fortifications were erected at Okachi in Dewa Province and Monofu in Mutsu Province involving

286-402: The character reading was different. Due to the similarity in characters in the name, this smaller province has also sometimes been referred to as 'Mutsu'. Iwate Prefecture Miyagi Prefecture Fukushima Prefecture Dewa Province Dewa Province ( 出羽国 , Dewa no kuni ) was a province of Japan comprising modern-day Yamagata Prefecture and Akita Prefecture , except for

308-417: The city of Kazuno and the town of Kosaka . Dewa bordered on Mutsu and Echigō Provinces. Its abbreviated form name was Ushū ( 羽州 ) . Prior to the Asuka period , Dewa was inhabited by Ainu or Emishi tribes, and was effectively outside of the control of the imperial dynasty . Abe no Hirafu conquered the native Emishi tribes at what are now the cities of Akita and Noshiro in 658 and established

330-695: The domains in the area joined the Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei supporting the Tokugawa shogunate. Following the defeat of the pro-Tokugawa forces, the new Meiji government reorganized Dewa province into Ugo Province ( 羽後国 ) in the north, and Uzen Province ( 羽前国 ) in the south in 1868.These provinces became Akita Prefecture and Yamagata Prefecture on August 2, 1876. [REDACTED] Media related to Dewa Province at Wikimedia Commons 39°00′59″N 140°19′02″E  /  39.01639°N 140.31722°E  / 39.01639; 140.31722 Akita Castle Akita Castle ( 秋田城 , Akita-jō ) refers to

352-547: The entire domain. During the Sengoku period , clans ruled parts of the province. As a result of the Boshin War , Mutsu Province was divided by the Meiji government , on 19 January 1869, into five provinces: Iwashiro , Iwaki , Rikuzen , Rikuchū , and Rikuō ). The fifth of these, corresponding roughly to today's Aomori Prefecture , was assigned the same two kanji as the entire province prior to division; however,

374-557: The irregularity and unpredictability with which those delegations arrived, the dynasty once decided to abolish the Akita Castle in 770 but withdrew the decision ten years later. The very existence of the Akita Castle depended on Balhae/Bohai delegations until the end of the 8th century when the Balhae/Bohai delegations definitively changed their navigation route to Japan as they learned by then to build ships large enough to cross

396-677: The province. Both clans sided with Tokugawa Ieyasu at the Battle of Sekigahara , and were thus secured in their holdings at the start of the Tokugawa shogunate . During the early Edo period , both the Mogami and the Akita were dispossessed, and their territories broken up into smaller domains , the largest of which were held by the Sakai clan and Uesugi clans . During the Bakumatsu period , all of

418-460: The ruins of a Nara period fortified settlement located in what is now the city Akita , Akita Prefecture , Japan . It is also sometimes referred to as “Fort Akita”. The name is sometimes used wrongly for Kubota Castle , an Edo period Japanese castle which served as the headquarters or the Satake , daimyō of Kubota Domain that was a domain in the northern part of Dewa Province created by

440-466: Was built what is now in the Takashimizu area of the city of Akita. Abe no Yakamaro was sent as Chinjufu-Shōgun , and Akita Castle became a base of operations to colonize the region and to subdue the native Emishi peoples. In 737, a major military operation began to connect Akita Castle with Taga Castle on the Pacific Coast. Over the next 50 years, additional fortifications were erected at Okachi in Dewa Province and Monofu in Mutsu Province involving

462-573: Was originally pronounced "Idewa". The Ichinomiya of Dewa Province was the Chōkaisan Ōmonoimi Shrine in what is now Yuza, Yamagata . During the Heian period , in 878, a major rebellion known as the Gangyo Disturbance ( 元慶の乱 , Gangyo no ran ) erupted in the region against Yamato rule. Another major uprising occurred in 939, as part of East Japan war Tengyō no Ran . Towards the end of

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484-470: Was still outside the effective control of the imperial court based in Nara . A number of military expeditions were sent to the area, with armed colonists forming settlements fortified with moats and wooden palisades across central Dewa in what is now the Shōnai area of Yamagata Prefecture . In 733, the fort on the Mogami River was moved north, and a new military settlement, later named “Akita Castle”,

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