The Mincio ( Italian: [ˈmintʃo] ; Lombard : Mens ; Venetian : Menzo ; Latin : Mincius ; Ancient Greek : Μίγχιος , romanized : Mínchios ) is a river in the Lombardy region of northern Italy .
134-564: The river is the main outlet of Lake Garda . It is a part of the Sarca-Mincio river system which also includes the river Sarca and the Lake Garda. The river starts from the south-eastern tip of the lake at the town of Peschiera del Garda and then flows for about 65 kilometres (40 mi) past Mantua and into the river Po . From Lake Garda until it reaches Pozzolo, it forms the boundary between Veneto and Lombardy regions. In
268-431: A depth of 7,000 km, the conditions may be such that methane decomposes into diamond crystals that rain downwards like hailstones. Scientists believe that this kind of diamond rain occurs on Jupiter, Saturn, and Uranus. Very-high-pressure experiments at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory suggest that the top of the mantle may be an ocean of liquid carbon with floating solid 'diamonds'. The core of Neptune
402-431: A few hours. The first is fed by tourists who want to spend their holidays on the lake, coming from different areas (in addition to Italians, numerous Germans, French, Swiss and Dutch), while the second is fed by those who live a short distance from the lake and who want to spend a few hours there. Both types of tourism have caused notable changes in the organization of the territory and the inhabited centres. Furthermore, in
536-606: A frequency range of 50–12 kHz at magnetic latitudes 7–33˚. These plasma wave detections were possibly triggered by lightning over 20 minutes in the ammonia clouds of the magnetosphere. During Voyager 2 ’s closest approach to Neptune, the PWS instrument provided Neptune's first plasma wave detections at a sample rate of 28,800 samples per second. The measured plasma densities range from 10 – 10 cm . Neptunian lightning may occur in three cloud layers, with microphysical modelling suggesting that most of these occurrences happen in
670-534: A great defense system called Serraglio , the only one of its kind in Italy. This fortified system, completed by Cangrande II in 1355, included isolated castles in Ponti sul Mincio and Monzambano , serious continuous and uninterrupted castles and towers connected by defensive walls starting from the fortress of Valeggio sul Mincio and then continuing up to Nogarole Rocca . The Seraglio remained practically intact until
804-410: A hot, dense supercritical fluid . This fluid, which has a high electrical conductivity, is sometimes called a water–ammonia ocean. The mantle may consist of a layer of ionic water in which the water molecules break down into a soup of hydrogen and oxygen ions , and deeper down superionic water in which the oxygen crystallizes but the hydrogen ions float around freely within the oxygen lattice. At
938-421: A length of up to 50 centimetres (20 inches). They live primarily in depths of 100 to 200 metres (330 to 660 feet). They feed on zooplankton and bottom-dwelling crustaceans in summer. Males and females reach sexual maturity at two or three years. The mating takes place every one to two years. The spawning takes place in 50 to 300 metres (160 to 980 feet) depth in the vicinity of underwater springs. The maximum age
1072-485: A letter and urged Berlin Observatory astronomer Galle to search with the observatory's refractor . Heinrich d'Arrest , a student at the observatory, suggested to Galle that they could compare a recently drawn chart of the sky in the region of Le Verrier's predicted location with the current sky to seek the displacement characteristic of a planet , as opposed to a fixed star. On the evening of 23 September 1846,
1206-401: A low temperature of 51.8 K (−221.3 °C). At a depth where the atmospheric pressure equals 1 bar (100 kPa ), the temperature is 72.00 K (−201.15 °C). Deeper inside the layers of gas, the temperature rises steadily. As with Uranus, the source of this heating is unknown, but the discrepancy is larger: Uranus only radiates 1.1 times as much energy as it receives from
1340-514: A new planet. In 1845–1846, Urbain Le Verrier , developed his own calculations independently from Adams, but aroused no enthusiasm among his compatriots. In June 1846, upon seeing Le Verrier's first published estimate of the planet's longitude and its similarity to Adams's estimate, Airy persuaded James Challis to search for the planet. Challis vainly scoured the sky throughout August and September. Challis had, in fact, observed Neptune
1474-475: A rather long period of seismic agitation began in the Baldo area, with earthquakes of varying intensity, tremors, shaking and other phenomena of lesser importance, which saw as the most important event the earthquake of 5 January 1892, which shook the entire Garda region with extraordinary violence, causing the fall of chimneys and walls. Other earthquakes more recently hit Salò and its surroundings, in particular,
SECTION 10
#17327652265901608-481: A regular daily basis. The winds are all named, most in regional Italian dialect so a single wind may have different names. Lake Garda is rich in biodiversity . Salmo carpio , also known as the carpione ( carpione del Garda or Lake Garda carpione ) is a rare salmonid fish endemic to Lake Garda. It has been introduced to a number of other lakes in Italy and elsewhere but unsuccessfully in all cases. The population in Lake Garda has been strongly declining, and
1742-428: A river in Italy is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Lake Garda Lake Garda ( Italian : Lago di Garda , Italian: [ˈlaːɡo di ˈɡarda] , or (Lago) Benaco , Italian: [beˈnaːko] ; Eastern Lombard : Lach de Garda ; Venetian : Ƚago de Garda ) is the largest lake in Italy. It is a popular holiday location in northern Italy, between Brescia and Milan to
1876-471: A succession of hilly circles with small flat areas interposed, in some cases marshy, originated thanks to the transport and storage action of the great Garda glacier. These morainic deposits were formed during the glaciations Günz , Mindel , Riss and Würm : very limited morainic deposits are attributed to the two oldest, Günz and Mindel, while the outer morainic circles are attributed to the Riss glaciation and
2010-457: A year before the planet's subsequent discoverer, Johann Gottfried Galle , and on two occasions, 4 and 12 August 1845. However, his out-of-date star maps and poor observing techniques meant that he failed to recognize the observations as such until he carried out later analysis. Challis was full of remorse but blamed his neglect on his maps and the fact that he was distracted by his concurrent work on comet observations. Meanwhile, Le Verrier sent
2144-432: Is 10–100 times greater than at the poles. This is interpreted as evidence for upwelling at the equator and subsidence near the poles, as photochemistry cannot account for the distribution without meridional circulation. In 2007, it was discovered that the upper troposphere of Neptune's south pole was about 10 K warmer than the rest of its atmosphere, which averages about 73 K (−200 °C). The temperature differential
2278-422: Is 28.32°, which is similar to the tilts of Earth (23°) and Mars (25°). As a result, Neptune experiences seasonal changes similar to those on Earth. The long orbital period of Neptune means that the seasons last for forty Earth years. Its sidereal rotation period (day) is roughly 16.11 hours. Because its axial tilt is comparable to Earth's, the variation in the length of its day over the course of its long year
2412-495: Is 29.81 AU, and the aphelion distance is 30.33 AU. Neptune's orbital eccentricity is only 0.008678, making it the planet in the Solar System with the second most circular orbit after Venus . The orbit of Neptune is inclined 1.77° compared to that of Earth. On 11 July 2011, Neptune completed its first full barycentric orbit since its discovery in 1846; it did not appear at its exact discovery position in
2546-535: Is also sailed there every year. Ship transport is provided by Navigazione Laghi . A daily ferry service connects major towns on the eastern and western shores of Lake Garda. The service runs from Desenzano del Garda to Riva del Garda , via Peschiera del Garda , Salò and Malcesine . The region can be reached directly via the Milan-Venice railway , with Desenzano-Sirmione and Peschiera railway station . Buses are faster alternatives to ferry services. On
2680-518: Is banded by clouds of varying compositions depending on altitude. The upper-level clouds lie at pressures below one bar, where the temperature is suitable for methane to condense. For pressures between one and five bars (100 and 500 kPa), clouds of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide are thought to form. Above a pressure of five bars, the clouds may consist of ammonia, ammonium sulfide , hydrogen sulfide and water. Deeper clouds of water ice should be found at pressures of about 50 bars (5.0 MPa), where
2814-513: Is commonly used. In Māori , the planet is called Tangaroa , named after the Māori god of the sea . In Nahuatl , the planet is called Tlāloccītlalli , named after the rain god Tlāloc . In Thai , Neptune is referred to by the Westernised name Dao Nepchun/Nepjun ( ดาวเนปจูน ) but is also called Dao Ket ( ดาวเกตุ , lit. ' star of Ketu ' ), after Ketu ( केतु ),
SECTION 20
#17327652265902948-423: Is considered critically endangered ( IUCN 3.1 ). The main threats are due to overfishing, pollution and possibly competition from introduced species such as Coregonus and other Salmonidae . Adult lake trout outside the mating season are silvery with very few black spots on the body and almost none on the head. During the mating season, some males develop a dark mottled body colouration. Garda lake trout reach
3082-518: Is enough to let methane, which elsewhere is frozen in the troposphere, escape into the stratosphere near the pole. The relative "hot spot" is due to Neptune's axial tilt , which has exposed the south pole to the Sun for the last quarter of Neptune's year, or roughly 40 Earth years. As Neptune slowly moves towards the opposite side of the Sun, the south pole will be darkened and the north pole illuminated, causing
3216-426: Is faintly blue in the optical spectrum , only slightly more saturated than the blue of Uranus's atmosphere. Early renderings of the two planets greatly exaggerated Neptune's colour contrast "to better reveal the clouds, bands and winds", making it seem deep blue compared to Uranus's off-white. The two planets had been imaged with different systems, making it hard to directly compare the resulting composite images . This
3350-449: Is favoured due to its ability to better explain the occupancy of the populations of small objects observed in the trans-Neptunian region. The current most widely accepted explanation of the details of this hypothesis is known as the Nice model , which is a dynamical evolution scenario that explores the potential effect of a migrating Neptune and the other giant planets on the structure of
3484-635: Is five years. Areas around Lake Garda, inhabited since prehistoric times, are an environment of great naturalistic value, with vegetation typical of the Mediterranean climate such as olive trees , vines , lemon trees , agave and other plants, which thrive thanks to the microclimate created by the Garda basin, which makes winter particularly mild. During the spring wildflowers such as primroses , iris , violets and red lilies are born, while in summer some bloom varieties of wild orchids . Thanks to
3618-571: Is harder to explain Uranus's lack of internal heat while preserving the apparent similarity between the two planets. The average distance between Neptune and the Sun is 4.5 billion km (about 30.1 astronomical units (AU), the mean distance from the Earth to the Sun), and it completes an orbit on average every 164.79 years, subject to a variability of around ±0.1 years. The perihelion distance
3752-409: Is likely composed of iron, nickel and silicates , with an interior model giving a mass about 1.2x that of Earth. The pressure at the centre is 7 Mbar (700 GPa), about twice as high as that at the centre of Earth, and the temperature may be 5,400 K (5,100 °C; 9,300 °F). At high altitudes, Neptune's atmosphere is 80% hydrogen and 19% helium . A trace amount of methane
3886-577: Is located at the centre of a crucial node between Brescia , Verona and Trento , and is therefore easily reachable via the transversal infrastructures of the Po Valley and those of the Brenner - Rome axis: Neptune Neptune is the eighth and farthest known planet from the Sun . It is the fourth-largest planet in the Solar System by diameter, the third-most-massive planet, and
4020-518: Is named after the Roman god of the sea and has the astronomical symbol [REDACTED] , representing Neptune's trident . Neptune is not visible to the unaided eye and is the only planet in the Solar System that was found from mathematical predictions derived from indirect observations rather than being initially observed by direct empirical observation , when unexpected changes in the orbit of Uranus led Alexis Bouvard to hypothesise that its orbit
4154-558: Is nearly four times that of Earth . Neptune, like Uranus , is an ice giant , a subclass of giant planet , because they are smaller and have higher concentrations of volatiles than Jupiter and Saturn. In the search for exoplanets , Neptune has been used as a metonym : discovered bodies of similar mass are often referred to as "Neptunes", just as scientists refer to various extrasolar bodies as "Jupiters". Neptune's internal structure resembles that of Uranus . Its atmosphere forms about 5 to 10% of its mass and extends perhaps 10 to 20% of
Mincio - Misplaced Pages Continue
4288-426: Is not any more extreme. Because Neptune is not a solid body, its atmosphere undergoes differential rotation . The wide equatorial zone rotates with a period of about 18 hours, which is slower than the 16.1-hour rotation of the planet's magnetic field. By contrast, the reverse is true for the polar regions where the rotation period is 12 hours. This differential rotation is the most pronounced of any planet in
4422-407: Is present. Prominent absorption bands of methane exist at wavelengths above 600 nm, in the red and infrared portion of the spectrum. As with Uranus, this absorption of red light by atmospheric methane is part of what gives Neptune its faint blue hue, which is more pronounced for Neptune's due to concentrated haze in Uranus's atmosphere. Neptune's atmosphere is subdivided into two main regions:
4556-415: Is primarily composed of ices and rock; both planets are normally considered "ice giants" to distinguish them. Along with Rayleigh scattering , traces of methane in the outermost regions make Neptune appear faintly blue. In contrast to the strongly seasonal atmosphere of Uranus, which can be featureless for long periods of time, Neptune's atmosphere has active and consistently visible weather patterns. At
4690-471: Is that the ice giants were not formed by core accretion but from instabilities within the original protoplanetary disc and later had their atmospheres blasted away by radiation from a nearby massive OB star . An alternative concept is that they formed closer to the Sun, where the matter density was higher, and then subsequently migrated to their current orbits after the removal of the gaseous protoplanetary disc. This hypothesis of migration after formation
4824-690: Is thought to be a " skin effect " and not due to any deeper atmospheric processes. At 70°S latitude, a high-speed jet travels at a speed of 300 m/s. Due to seasonal changes, the cloud bands in the southern hemisphere of Neptune have been observed to increase in size and albedo . This trend was first seen in 1980. The long orbital period of Neptune results in seasons lasting 40 Earth years. Neptune differs from Uranus in its typical level of meteorological activity. Voyager 2 observed weather phenomena on Neptune during its 1989 flyby, but no comparable phenomena on Uranus during its 1986 flyby. The abundance of methane, ethane and acetylene at Neptune's equator
4958-523: The via Gallica , which connected Verona to Milan passing through Peschiera (the ancient Arilica ), and the via Claudia Augusta , which connected the plain with the Resia pass and therefore the northernmost territories, as well as some minor roads that connected the Adige valley with the Garda. Two pagi were also established: pagus Benacenses on Brescia and pagus Claudienses on Verona. In 268 AD
5092-700: The Battle of Lake Benacus was fought between the army of the Roman Empire , commanded by the future emperor Claudius Gothicus , and the German federation of the Alamanni . The overwhelming victory obtained by the Romans allowed the expulsion of Alemanni from northern Italy, due to the very serious losses they suffered during the battle. The Roman presence is amply testified also by settlements, villas (in particular
5226-570: The Bronze Age , when numerous aggregates of stilt houses arose in the lower lake before being abandoned during the Iron Age in favour of more strategic points. Lake Garda was a meeting point between the populations of Reti and Veneti , whose presence is testified in particular by the necropolis of Garda, as well as that of the Etruscans who came to trade in these areas. Also plausible is
5360-690: The Congress of Vienna it was decided to create the Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia : in this way, the whole Garda region returned to Austrian hands. The First Italian War of Independence saw an initial slow advance of the Piedmontese army towards the lake: at the news of its approach, Salò rebelled against the Austrians, several soldiers were taken prisoner and the Austrian insignia demolished. During
5494-692: The Etruscan period , the Mincio probably joined with the river Tartaro and flowed into the Adriatic Sea into the pit Filistina , in Roman Republic it was made to flow into the Po with three branches from Mantua by Quintus Curius Hostilius, subsequently reunited in a single embanked in 1198 on a project by Alberto Pitentino and regulated its course with several dams ( Ponte dei Mulini, Mantua ) and
Mincio - Misplaced Pages Continue
5628-460: The Governolo ) dam to make it navigable, to prevent Mantua from being flooded by the flooding of the Po and to improve air quality. At Mantua, the Mincio was widened in the late 12th century, forming a series of three (originally four) lakes that skirt the edges of the old city. The original settlement here, dating from about 2000 BC, was on an island in the Mincio. The former lower part of
5762-705: The Second War of Independence began; on 18 June the Hunters of the Alps managed to enter Salò, from where Giuseppe Garibaldi wanted to leave to continue the advance towards Veneto crossing the lake with some boats, but new orders forced him to move the troops in the Brescia valleys. However, the Italian troops managed to sink an Austrian steamship before leaving Salò. Shortly after the battle of Solferino and San Martino
5896-584: The Varone/Magnone River [ de ] (via the Cascate del Varone ) and various streams from both mountainsides, while the only outlet is the Mincio River (79 metres or 259 feet, at Peschiera). The subdivision is created by the presence of a fault submerged between Sirmione and Punta San Vigilio which is almost a natural barrier that hampers the homogenization between the water of
6030-588: The dipole moment in strength. By contrast, Earth, Jupiter and Saturn have only relatively small quadrupole moments, and their fields are less tilted from the polar axis. The large quadrupole moment of Neptune may be the result of an offset from the planet's centre and geometrical constraints of the field's dynamo generator. Measurements by Voyager 2 in extreme-ultraviolet and radio frequencies revealed that Neptune has faint and weak but complex and unique aurorae ; however, these observations were limited in time and did not contain infrared. Subsequent astronomers using
6164-609: The orbit of Uranus . Subsequent observations revealed substantial deviations from the tables, leading Bouvard to hypothesize that an unknown body was perturbing the orbit through gravitational interaction. In 1843, John Couch Adams began work on the orbit of Uranus using the data he had. He requested extra data from Sir George Airy , the Astronomer Royal , who supplied it in February 1844. Adams continued to work in 1845–1846 and produced several different estimates of
6298-568: The tropopause layer. The persistence of companion clouds shows that some former dark spots may continue to exist as cyclones even though they are no longer visible as a dark feature. Dark spots may dissipate when they migrate too close to the equator or possibly through some other, unknown mechanism. In 1989, Voyager 2 's Planetary Radio Astronomy (PRA) experiment observed around 60 lightning flashes, or Neptunian electrostatic discharges emitting energies over 7 × 10 J . A plasma wave system (PWS) detected 16 electromagnetic wave events with
6432-470: The 2nd and 1st centuries BC. In 89 BC the rights of Latin cities were granted to the Garda areas by the will of the Roman consul Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo , while forty years later Roman citizenship was finally granted to Brixia (whose countryside included the western and northern banks of the Benaco) and Verona (which instead included the eastern shore). During the 1st century AD many roads were built, such as
6566-481: The 95 kilometres (59 mi) of the basin, while the respective widths are 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) and 42 kilometres (26 mi). The eastern watershed of the Benacense basin has a direction parallel to the axis of the lake, while the western one has a more sinuous course. Within the basin, the major peaks are Presanella (3,556 metres or 11,667 feet) and Adamello (3,554 metres or 11,660 feet). Morphologically,
6700-464: The French Bureau des Longitudes . In October, he sought to name the planet Le Verrier , after himself, and he had loyal support in this from the observatory director, François Arago . This suggestion met with stiff resistance outside France. French almanacs quickly reintroduced the name Herschel for Uranus, after that planet's discoverer Sir William Herschel , and Leverrier for
6834-461: The French advanced to the lake and defeated the Austrians at Borghetto sul Mincio, conquering Peschiera. At the end of July, the French were defeated and had to retreat beyond Salò, which was then occupied by the Austrians. Numerous clashes took place between the adversaries on the battlefield of Lake Garda. In 1797 the French occupied Mantua , while Brescia valleys and towns on the lake rose up against
SECTION 50
#17327652265906968-584: The French and the British over who deserved credit for the discovery. Eventually, an international consensus emerged that Le Verrier and Adams deserved joint credit. Since 1966, Dennis Rawlins has questioned the credibility of Adams's claim to co-discovery, and the issue was re-evaluated by historians with the return in 1998 of the "Neptune papers" (historical documents) to the Royal Observatory, Greenwich . Shortly after its discovery, Neptune
7102-434: The Garda hydrographic basin can be divided into four areas: the plain of about 200 square kilometres (77 sq mi), the lake surface of about 370 square kilometres (140 sq mi), the western portion of about 500 km² and the eastern one of approximately 1,040 square kilometres (400 sq mi). To the south of Lake Garda, between Brescia , Mantua and Verona , a large morainic amphitheatre develops:
7236-546: The Germanic presence in the area that dated from the 6th to the 8th century CE, in particular, the Lombard one . The name Garda is evolved from the Germanic word warda , meaning "place of guard", "place of observation" or "place of safety". The classic toponym of the lake, or Benācus lacus ( Benaco ), is almost certainly of Celtic origin, therefore prior to romanization, and should derive from bennacus , comparable with
7370-496: The Hubble Space Telescope have not glimpsed the aurorae, in contrast to the more well-defined aurorae of Uranus. Neptune's bow shock , where the magnetosphere begins to slow the solar wind , occurs at a distance of 34.9 times the radius of the planet. The magnetopause , where the pressure of the magnetosphere counterbalances the solar wind, lies at a distance of 23–26.5 times the radius of Neptune. The tail of
7504-513: The Irish bennach , which means "horned". The term may derive from the many promontories of the lake. The northern part of the lake is located in a depression that insinuates itself inside the Alps , while the southern part occupies an area of the upper Pianura Padana . The shape is typical of a moraine valley, probably having been formed under the action of a Paleolithic glacier. Although traces of
7638-482: The Italian army and were re-equipped as warships. The following year some guns and artillery batteries were installed, but on 20 February 1916, Riva was hit again. The following day three Austrian planes bombed Desenzano, while on 27 February bombs fell in Nago and Torbole. In 1918 Riva was bombed again. Later Limone and, once again, Riva were targeted, but with the end of the war, Trentino also passed into Italian hands. In
7772-504: The Kuiper belt. Neptune's orbit has a profound impact on the region directly beyond it, known as the Kuiper belt . The Kuiper belt is a ring of small icy worlds, similar to the asteroid belt but far larger, extending from Neptune's orbit at 30 AU out to about 55 AU from the Sun. Much in the same way that Jupiter's gravity dominates the asteroid belt , Neptune's gravity dominates
7906-410: The Kuiper belt. Over the age of the Solar System, certain regions of the Kuiper belt became destabilised by Neptune's gravity, creating gaps in its structure. The region between 40 and 42 AU is an example. There do exist orbits within these empty regions where objects can survive for the age of the Solar System. These resonances occur when Neptune's orbital period is a precise fraction of that of
8040-591: The Napoleonic forces, even if the Republic of Venice maintained its neutral status and did not send aid to rescue. The Veronese, on the other hand, autonomously organized expeditions against the centres occupied by the French, but were defeated and forced to retreat to Verona, where on 17 April the anti-French insurrections called " Pasque Veronesi " ( Pasque Veronesi ) began. ". On 17 October the Treaty of Campoformio
8174-446: The Solar System, and it results in strong latitudinal wind shear. The formation of the ice giants, Neptune and Uranus, has been difficult to model precisely. Current models suggest that the matter density in the outer regions of the Solar System was too low to account for the formation of such large bodies from the traditionally accepted method of core accretion , and various hypotheses have been advanced to explain their formation. One
SECTION 60
#17327652265908308-413: The Sun, Neptune's outer atmosphere is one of the coldest places in the Solar System, with temperatures at its cloud tops approaching 55 K (−218 °C ; −361 °F ). Temperatures at the planet's centre are approximately 5,400 K (5,100 °C; 9,300 °F). Neptune has a faint and fragmented ring system (labelled "arcs"), discovered in 1984 and confirmed by Voyager 2 . Some of
8442-549: The Sun, making Neptune the ninth planet from the Sun during this period. The increasingly accurate estimations of Pluto's mass from ten times that of Earth's to far less than that of the Moon and the discovery of the Kuiper belt in 1992 led many astronomers to debate whether Pluto should be considered a planet or as part of the Kuiper belt. In 2006, the International Astronomical Union defined
8576-464: The Sun; whereas Neptune radiates about 2.61 times as much energy as it receives from the Sun. Neptune is over 50% farther from the Sun than Uranus and receives only ~40% of Uranus's amount of sunlight; however, its internal energy is still enough for the fastest planetary winds in the Solar System. Depending on the thermal properties of its interior, the heat left over from Neptune's formation may be sufficient to explain its current heat flow, though it
8710-461: The Veronese shore, tourism arrived much later, around the 1930s, when the current Strada Gardesana Orientale was built along the shores of the lake. With the arrival of tourists, "lakeside promenades" were planned. Since the 1950s tourism has undergone a sort of transformation: tourism with a long stay has been accompanied by "hit and run" tourism, with a short stop, just for the weekend or even for
8844-559: The actions of the glaciers have cancelled all the clues that could have proved the presence of man. There are some signs of encampments from Upper Paleolithic , in particular on the slopes of Monte Baldo and Stivo . In the Neolithic the populations that inhabited the lake came into contact with the square-mouthed vases culture , as evidenced by the objects accompanying some tombs from this period found near Arco . The greatest evidence of human presence in prehistoric times dates back to
8978-431: The cloud deck. These altitudes are in the layer where weather occurs, the troposphere. Weather does not occur in the higher stratosphere or thermosphere. In August 2023, the high-altitude clouds of Neptune vanished, prompting a study spanning thirty years of observations by the Hubble Space Telescope and ground-based telescopes. The study found that Neptune's high-altitude cloud activity is bound to Solar cycles , and not to
9112-546: The course of the Mincio flowed into the Adriatic Sea near Adria until the breach at Cucca in 589, roughly following the course of the river that is currently known by the name of Canal Bianco ; it had been a waterway from the sea to the lake until then. In 452 CE, Attila the Hun received an embassy sent by the Western Roman Emperor Valentinian III near this river. The Roman delegation
9246-411: The day Galle received the letter, he discovered Neptune just northeast of Iota Aquarii , 1° from the " five degrees east of Delta Capricorn " position Le Verrier had predicted it to be, about 12° from Adams's prediction, and on the border of Aquarius and Capricornus according to the modern IAU constellation boundaries. In the wake of the discovery, there was a nationalistic rivalry between
9380-418: The densest giant planet . It is 17 times the mass of Earth . Compared to its fellow ice giant Uranus , Neptune is slightly more massive, but denser and smaller. Being composed primarily of gases and liquids, it has no well-defined solid surface, and orbits the Sun once every 164.8 years at an orbital distance of 30.1 astronomical units (4.5 billion kilometres; 2.8 billion miles). It
9514-673: The descending lunar node , who plays a role in Hindu astrology . In Malay , the name Waruna , after the Hindu god of seas , is attested as far back as the 1970s, but was eventually superseded by the Latinate equivalents Neptun (in Malaysian ) or Neptunus (in Indonesian ). The usual adjectival form is Neptunian . The nonce form Poseidean ( / p ə ˈ s aɪ d i ən / ), from Poseidon , has also been used, though
9648-512: The earliest known telescopic observations ever, Galileo's drawings on 28 Dec. 1612 and 27 Jan. 1613 ( New Style ) contain plotted points that match what is now known to have been the positions of Neptune on those dates. Both times, Galileo seems to have mistaken Neptune for a fixed star when it appeared close—in conjunction —to Jupiter in the night sky . Hence, he is not credited with Neptune's discovery. At his first observation in Dec. 1612, Neptune
9782-487: The earthquake of 31 October 1901 caused widespread damage to buildings, some collapses and cracks in the ground, while another earthquake in 2004 caused damage to some buildings. The lake has also numerous small islands and five main ones, the largest being Isola del Garda . Nearby to the south is San Biagio island , also known as the Isola dei Conigli ("island of the rabbits"). Both are offshore of San Felice del Benaco , on
9916-402: The easterly direction to 325 m/s westward. At the cloud tops, the prevailing winds range in speed from 400 m/s along the equator to 250 m/s at the poles. Most of the winds on Neptune move in a direction opposite the planet's rotation. The general pattern of winds showed prograde rotation at high latitudes vs. retrograde rotation at lower latitudes. The difference in flow direction
10050-412: The eastern coast, ATV (Verona Transport Company) provides at least five daily bus routes between Verona and Garda, with one route extending to Riva del Garda . Trentino Transporti provides daily bus routes between Riva del Garda and Rovereto or Trento . On the western coast, SAIA (Brescia Mobilità) provides regular bus services between Desenzano del Garda , Salò , Gargnano and Brescia . The lake
10184-523: The events also Riva del Garda and several towns on the Veronese side rose up. The Austrian army was forced to retreat to the Mincio line due to the advance of the Piedmontese troops and on 4 April the Austrians were driven out of Lonato and Desenzano, while the Piedmontese attempt to conquer Peschiera was unsuccessful. After the Piedmontese defeat of Custoza the pre-war status quo was restored. In 1859
10318-481: The fall of numerous houses and caused many victims; in 1810, an earthquake particularly hit Malcesine where it caused a clouding of the waters and the formation of a crack 200 metres (660 feet) long and 18 centimetres (7.1 inches) wide in the town square; in 1836, when the tremors caused some landslides in Mount Tomè, in the northernmost part of Monte Baldo , which in turn caused a strong eruption of water. In 1866
10452-445: The first ground-based observation of a dark spot on Neptune was announced. Neptune's dark spots are thought to occur in the troposphere at lower altitudes than the brighter cloud features, so they appear as holes in the upper cloud decks. As they are stable features that can persist for several months, they are thought to be vortex structures. Often associated with dark spots are brighter, persistent methane clouds that form around
10586-414: The glacier's actions are evident today, in more recent years it has been hypothesised that the glacier occupied a previously existing depression, created by stream erosion 5 to 6 million years ago. A characteristic of Garda is the limited size of the hydrographic basin (2,290 square kilometres or 880 square miles) compared to the lake surface: at a length of 52 kilometres (32 mi) of the lake corresponds
10720-471: The humiliating Italian defeat, in 1866 Veneto was finally handed over to the Kingdom of Italy , except for the northern part of the lake which still remained under Austrian control. During the First World War towns on Lake Garda were bombed several times. On 23 July 1915, the first aerial bombardment took place in the area, when Riva del Garda was hit. The steamers of the lake were requisitioned by
10854-469: The inland countries and a strong social awareness and sense of community. In the 13th century, however, the Signoria Scaligera was established and it soon subdued the eastern shore of the lake. The Scaliger built numerous defensive constructions, in particular, they built the castles of Sirmione , Malcesine and Riva, reinforced the port structures of Lazise and Torri del Benaco , and built
10988-605: The inner ones to the Würm glaciation. The morphology of the hills is gentle and with delicate lines; from the highest points, it is possible to perceive the relationships that link the hills to the mountains as well as the circular amphitheatre shape of the hills, which seem to embrace the southern part of the lake. The main tributary of Lake Garda is the Sarca River , others include the Ponale River (fed by Lago di Ledro ),
11122-789: The lake was also occupied militarily by the Wehrmacht . In April 1945 the lake was freed by the Allies and later became part of the Republic of Italy . The award winning documentary film The Lost Mountaineers looks at the tragic events that happened in the last days of the war in northern Lake Garda. According to the Greco-Roman mythology , the River Mincius was the child of the Lake Benacus. In ancient German Sagas , Garda
11256-576: The lake was known as Benacus and by some it was revered as god Benacus, the personification of the lake, sometimes associated with the cult of Neptune . Today it is better known as Lake Garda, a toponym of Germanic origin attested since the Middle Ages and deriving from that of the homonymous town on the Veronese shore of the lake, which, together with another famous locality of the lake, Gardone Riviera , and others less known – such as Gàrdola, Gardoncino, Gardoni, Guàrdola and Le Garde – testifies to
11390-610: The lake's western side. The three other main islands are Isola dell'Olivo, Isola di Sogno, and Isola di Trimelone, all farther north near the eastern side. The particularly mild climate favours the growth of some hardy Mediterranean plants, including the olive tree , parasol pine , mediterranean cypress , chinese windmill palm and Canary Island Date Palm . Some hardy citrus trees, such as hardy lemons and satsuma can also be found, which are extremely rare at this latitude (46° North). In ancient times, poets like Catullus wrote about "Lacus Benacus" with its mild climate vivified by
11524-587: The lake, as well as having new ones built directly on Lake Garda. During the war the Venetians lost part of their domains which were however recovered in 1512. In 1516 emperor Maximilian I came to Italy and the lake returned to German hands again, allowing the Serenissima to recover the lost territories. In 1796 the territories of the Serenissima were involved in the Napoleonic wars : at the end of May,
11658-509: The lake, which thus passed into the hands of Venice: gathered under the flag of the Republic of Venice, the 34 Benacense municipalities obtained ample autonomy. The war returned in 1438, due to the struggle between Venice and Milan : an exceptional event, remembered with the name of Galeas per montes , was the passage of a fleet composed of six galleys and twenty-five ships on the slopes of Monte Baldo, pulled by 2,000 oxen. This fleet sailed on Adige and almost reached Rovereto , from where it
11792-459: The lake. One of the first tourist resorts was Gardone Riviera , where the first small hotel was built. Expanded over time, it became one of the buildings that made up the luxurious Grand Hotel Gardone Riviera. In its vicinity other small hotels and villas slowly arose and, after the poet Gabriele D'Annunzio had the Vittoriale degli Italiani built here, the fame of the place grew further. On
11926-453: The lower troposphere , where temperature decreases with altitude, and the stratosphere , where temperature increases with altitude. The boundary between the two, the tropopause , lies at a pressure of 0.1 bars (10 kPa). The stratosphere then gives way to the thermosphere at a pressure lower than 10 to 10 bars (1 to 10 Pa). The thermosphere gradually transitions to the exosphere . Models suggest that Neptune's troposphere
12060-405: The magnetic equator of Neptune is about 14 microteslas (0.14 G ). The dipole magnetic moment of Neptune is about 2.2 × 10 T·m (14 μT· R N , where R N is the radius of Neptune). Neptune's magnetic field has a complex geometry that includes relatively large contributions from non-dipolar components, including a strong quadrupole moment that may exceed
12194-401: The magnetic fields of the two planets, scientists now think the extreme orientation may be characteristic of flows in the planets' interiors. This field may be generated by convective fluid motions in a thin spherical shell of electrically conducting liquids (probably a combination of ammonia, methane and water), resulting in a dynamo action. The dipole component of the magnetic field at
12328-403: The magnetosphere extends out to at least 72 times the radius of Neptune, and likely much farther. Neptune's weather is characterized by extremely dynamic storm systems, with winds reaching speeds of almost 600 m/s (2,200 km/h; 1,300 mph)—exceeding supersonic flow. More typically, by tracking the motion of persistent clouds, wind speeds have been shown to vary from 20 m/s in
12462-674: The methane release to shift to the north pole. In 1989, the Great Dark Spot , an anticyclonic storm system spanning 13,000 km × 6,600 km (8,100 mi × 4,100 mi), was discovered by NASA 's Voyager 2 spacecraft. The storm resembled the Great Red Spot of Jupiter. Some five years later, on 2 November 1994, the Hubble Space Telescope did not see the Great Dark Spot on
12596-517: The mid-19th century when it was partially dismantled. In 1387, following the defeat of Antonio della Scala , the whole Garda area was subjected to the Visconti ; as early as 1405 the eastern shore passed into the hands of the Republic of Venice , while the western shore remained afflicted by the struggles between Guelphs and Ghibellines . In 1426 the Visconti lost Brescia and the western shore of
12730-456: The name Benaco. After the collapse of the Roman Empire , the Garda region witnessed the passage of numerous Germanic populations, but the first one that settled there, after a long migration, was that of the Lombards . Their testimonies are mostly present along the southern and eastern shores, preferred to other areas due to their strategic importance: from here it was possible to control both
12864-561: The new planet. Struve came out in favour of the name Neptune on 29 December 1846, to the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences , after the colour of the planet as viewed through a telescope. Soon, Neptune became the internationally accepted name. In Roman mythology , Neptune was the god of the sea, identified with the Greek Poseidon . The demand for a mythological name seemed to be in keeping with
12998-452: The nomenclature of the other planets, all of which were named for deities in Greek and Roman mythology. Most languages today use some variant of the name "Neptune" for the planet. In Chinese, Vietnamese, Japanese, and Korean, the planet's name was translated as "sea king star" ( 海王星 ). In Mongolian , Neptune is called Dalain van ( Далайн ван ), reflecting its namesake god's role as
13132-700: The notes Grottoes of Catullus ), by the remains of centuriation still visible today, by the remains of sanctuaries, tombstones and epigraphic testimonies. In the Middle Ages Lake Garda was described by Dante in his Divine Comedy : Suso in Italia bella giace un laco, a piè de l'Alpe che serra Lamagna sovra Tiralli, c'ha nome Benaco. Above in beauteous Italy lies a lake, At the Alp's foot that shuts in Germany Over Tyrol, and has
13266-404: The object, such as 1:2, or 3:4. If, say, an object orbits the Sun once for every two Neptune orbits, it will only complete half an orbit by the time Neptune returns to its original position. The most heavily populated resonance in the Kuiper belt, with over 200 known objects, is the 2:3 resonance. Objects in this resonance complete 2 orbits for every 3 of Neptune, and are known as plutinos because
13400-766: The period between the two wars the poet Gabriele D'Annunzio settled in Gardone Riviera , where the " Vittoriale degli Italiani ", his residence and now a museum, would later be built. Until 1943 the events of Second World War did not particularly affect the lake region, but following the birth of the Italian Social Republic (a German puppet state and Fascist Italian rump state ), the German command settled in Limone and, on 10 October, that of Benito Mussolini in Gargnano. The Ministry of Defense
13534-429: The planet's seasons. Neptune's spectra suggest that its lower stratosphere is hazy due to condensation of products of ultraviolet photolysis of methane, such as ethane and ethyne . The stratosphere is home to trace amounts of carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide . The stratosphere of Neptune is warmer than that of Uranus due to the elevated concentration of hydrocarbons. For reasons that remain obscure,
13668-576: The planet's thermosphere is at an anomalously high temperature of about 750 K (477 °C; 890 °F). The planet is too far from the Sun for this heat to be generated by ultraviolet radiation. One candidate for a heating mechanism is atmospheric interaction with ions in the planet's magnetic field . Other candidates are gravity waves from the interior that dissipate in the atmosphere. The thermosphere contains traces of carbon dioxide and water, which may have been deposited from external sources such as meteorites and dust. Neptune's atmosphere
13802-532: The planet. Instead, a new storm similar to the Great Dark Spot was found in Neptune's northern hemisphere. The Scooter is another storm, a white cloud group farther south than the Great Dark Spot. This nickname first arose during the months leading up to the Voyager 2 encounter in 1989, when they were observed moving at speeds faster than the Great Dark Spot (and images acquired later would subsequently reveal
13936-631: The presence of a Fines Gardenses , an entity with its own officials for the administration of justice, even if not autonomous with respect to the Count of Verona, date back to 825, while after the year 1000 county of Garda was established by the emperor Henry II . Starting from the 11th century, towns around the lake began to develop a differentiated policy compared to that of the major centres of influence – Brescia, Verona and Trento – and this greater autonomy meant that many centres became free communities. These possessed comfortable economic conditions compared to
14070-476: The presence of clouds moving even faster than those that had initially been detected by Voyager 2 ). The Small Dark Spot is a southern cyclonic storm, the second-most-intense storm observed during the 1989 encounter. It was initially completely dark, but as Voyager 2 approached the planet, a bright core developed, which can be seen in most of the highest-resolution images. In 2018, a newer main dark spot and smaller dark spot were identified and studied. In 2023,
14204-518: The presence of protected areas, hares and small wild mammals, water birds and birds of prey survive, while ponds and ditches are populated by pike , carp and eels . The herds of cattle, horses and other domestic animals give a bucolic aspect to the hilly landscape. Traces of human presence around the lake have been found related to the Middle Paleolithic , in particular flint tools, but only above certain altitudes, as at lower altitudes,
14338-536: The presence of the Cenomani , who would have settled in the area between Brescia and the lake around the 6th century BC, leaving their traces mostly in the Lombard toponymy. The integration between Romans and Cenomani , who controlled the Garda area, probably began in 225 BC, when there was a treaty of alliance between Cenomani, Veneti and Romans, even if the actual Romanization of the territory took place between
14472-638: The ruler of the sea. In modern Greek , the planet is called Poseidon ( Ποσειδώνας , Poseidonas ), the Greek counterpart of Neptune. In Hebrew , Rahab ( רהב ), from a Biblical sea monster mentioned in the Book of Psalms , was selected in a vote managed by the Academy of the Hebrew Language in 2009 as the official name for the planet, even though the existing Latin term Neptun ( נפטון )
14606-475: The ruling classes. In particular Sirmione was a privileged place for the presence of sulphurous springs that allowed thermal use. Starting from the Renaissance the lake returned to be populated with noble villas. Tourism in the modern conception of the term, however, developed from the end of the 19th century, even if it was still an élite tourism that concerned almost exclusively the north-western area of
14740-442: The second half of the 20th century, a real entertainment industry was formed along Lake Garda as a series of parks were built. The most important is Gardaland , the biggest Italian theme park which hosts numerous tourist attractions. Lake Garda is also a popular destination for sport tourism . Riva, Torbole and Campione are famous for winds that attract people who practice sail , windsurf and kiteboard . The Centomiglia Regatta
14874-448: The sky because Earth was in a different location in its 365.26-day orbit. Because of the motion of the Sun in relation to the barycentre of the Solar System, on 11 July, Neptune was not at its exact discovery position in relation to the Sun—if the more common heliocentric coordinate system is used, the discovery longitude was reached on 12 July 2011. The axial tilt of Neptune
15008-406: The temperature reaches 273 K (0 °C; 32 °F). Underneath, clouds of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide may be found. High-altitude clouds on Neptune have been observed casting shadows on the opaque cloud deck below. There are high-altitude cloud bands that wrap around the planet at constant latitudes. These circumferential bands have widths of 50–150 km and lie about 50–110 km above
15142-492: The time of the Voyager ;2 flyby in 1989, the planet's southern hemisphere had a Great Dark Spot comparable to the Great Red Spot on Jupiter. In 2018, a newer main dark spot and smaller dark spot were identified and studied. These weather patterns are driven by the strongest sustained winds of any planet in the Solar System, as high as 2,100 km/h (580 m/s; 1,300 mph). Because of its great distance from
15276-455: The town is probably due to the cracking and landslide of the mountain above Toscolano, which caused the flooding of a small lake enclosed by the mountains, whose waters submerged the populous town. Other earthquakes, more or less intense, followed one another periodically: in 793, when according to the chroniclers it caused great calamities, especially in the Baldo area; in 1457, during which a mountain above Salò lowered; in 1703, when it caused
15410-566: The two zones. If the water level of the Adige River is excessive, water is diverted to the lake through the Mori-Torbole tunnel . The Lake Garda area is considered one of the most seismic in Italy. The oldest known earthquake that struck the Garda region seems to have occurred in 243 (or perhaps 245): it was so disastrous that the city of Benaco, located where Toscolano Maderno stands today, suddenly disappeared. The disappearance of
15544-442: The usual adjectival form of Poseidon is Poseidonian ( / ˌ p ɒ s aɪ ˈ d oʊ n i ən / ). From its discovery in 1846 until the discovery of Pluto in 1930, Neptune was the farthest known planet. When Pluto was discovered, it was considered a planet, and Neptune thus became the second-farthest known planet, except for a 20-year period between 1979 and 1999 when Pluto's elliptical orbit brought it closer than Neptune to
15678-476: The water clouds of the troposphere or the shallow ammonia clouds of the magnetosphere. Neptune is predicted to have 1/19 the lightning flash rate of Jupiter and to display most of its lightning activity at high latitudes. However, lightning on Neptune seems to resemble lightning on Earth rather than Jovian lightning. Neptune's more varied weather when compared to Uranus is due in part to its higher internal heating . The upper regions of Neptune's troposphere reach
15812-402: The waterways of Garda and Mincio, and the Adige valley. During the Lombard hegemony, there was a first administrative reorganization, as well as the definitive Christianization of the area, begun in the previous centuries by Vigilius of Trent and Zeno of Verona . The lake remained on the border between three powerful Lombard duchies: Brescia, Verona and Trento. The first documents that testify
15946-399: The way towards the core. Pressure in the atmosphere reaches about 10 GPa , or about 10 atmospheres. Increasing concentrations of methane , ammonia and water are found in the lower regions of the atmosphere. The mantle is equivalent to 10 to 15 Earth masses and is rich in water, ammonia and methane. As is customary in planetary science, this mixture is called icy even though it is
16080-652: The west, and Verona and Venice to the east. The lake cuts into the edge of the Italian Alps , particularly the Alpine sub-ranges of the Garda Mountains and the Brenta Group . Glaciers formed this alpine region at the end of the last ice age . The lake and its shoreline are divided between the provinces of Brescia (to the south-west), Verona (south-east) and Trentino (north). In Roman times
16214-427: The winds. The lake is oriented from north to south towards the Po Valley , so many winds typical of the lake are the result of a difference between lower and higher altitude temperatures. Due to this, winds are generated that descend from the mountains to the plains in the morning and go back to the mountains in the afternoon. The bottleneck formed by the lake basin affects the timing of the winds, many of which happen on
16348-492: The word "planet" for the first time, reclassifying Pluto as a " dwarf planet " and making Neptune once again the outermost-known planet in the Solar System. Neptune's mass of 1.0243 × 10 kg is intermediate between Earth and the larger gas giants : it is 17 times that of Earth but just 1/19th that of Jupiter . Its gravity at 1 bar is 11.15 m/s , 1.14 times the surface gravity of Earth, and surpassed only by Jupiter. Neptune's equatorial radius of 24,764 km
16482-517: Was almost stationary in the sky because it had just turned retrograde that day. This apparent backward motion is created when Earth's orbit takes it past an outer planet. Because Neptune was only beginning its yearly retrograde cycle, the motion of the planet was far too slight to be detected with Galileo's small telescope. In 2009, a study suggested that Galileo was at least aware that the "star" he had observed had moved relative to fixed stars. In 1821, Alexis Bouvard published astronomical tables of
16616-468: Was discovered shortly thereafter, though none of the planet's remaining moons were located telescopically until the 20th century. The planet's distance from Earth gives it a small apparent size , and its distance from the Sun renders it very dim, making it challenging to study with Earth-based telescopes. Only the advent of the Hubble Space Telescope and of large ground-based telescopes with adaptive optics allowed for detailed observations. Neptune
16750-442: Was home to Ortnit . Around Lake Garda there are 26 comuni , the most populated being Desenzano del Garda (29,179 inhabitants), followed by Arco (17,857) and Riva del Garda (17,518). Garda's economy is mostly depended on tourism. Back to Roman times, especially from the early imperial age, magnificent villas were present on the shores of the lake, conceived as places dedicated to otium , an activity actually reserved for
16884-452: Was led by Pope Leo I . After this meeting, Attila withdrew from Italy. The last act of Verdi's opera Rigoletto is set just outside Mantua, at an inn on the banks of the Mincio. This Lombardy location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article on a location in Veneto is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article related to
17018-888: Was located in Desenzano; the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Popular Culture and the press agencies settled in Salò, which became the capital of the newborn Fascist Italy . At the end, Mussolini was strung up on a lamppost in his Lake Garda enclave . Fasano was the seat of the German embassy and Gardone of the Japanese one, while the Ministry of the Interior and the seat of the Republican Fascist Party (PFR) found accommodation in Maderno. The upper part of
17152-410: Was referred to simply as "the planet exterior to Uranus" or as "Le Verrier's planet". The first suggestion for a name came from Galle, who proposed the name Janus . In England, Challis put forward the name Oceanus . Claiming the right to name his discovery, Le Verrier quickly proposed the name Neptune for this new planet, though falsely stating that this had been officially approved by
17286-483: Was revisited with the colour normalised over time, most comprehensively in late 2023. Neptune's magnetosphere consists of a magnetic field that is strongly tilted relative to its rotational axis at 47° and offset of at least 0.55 radius (~13,500 km) from the planet's physical centre—resembling Uranus's magnetosphere. Before the arrival of Voyager 2 to Neptune, it was hypothesised that Uranus's sideways rotation caused its tilted magnetosphere. In comparing
17420-488: Was signed: the southwestern shores went to the French, while the north-eastern ones went to the Austrians. In 1799 the war continued until the following year the lake returned to French hands: it became part of the Cisalpine Republic (later transformed into Italian Republic and then again in Kingdom of Italy , always under French control. In 1815 following the definitive defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte , during
17554-413: Was subject to gravitational perturbation by an unknown planet. After Bouvard's death, the position of Neptune was predicted from his observations, independently, by John Couch Adams and Urbain Le Verrier . Neptune was subsequently directly observed with a telescope on 23 September 1846 by Johann Gottfried Galle within a degree of the position predicted by Le Verrier. Its largest moon, Triton ,
17688-611: Was transported to Lake Garda by land through the valley of Lake Loppio . The fleet was then used to counter the Milanese one and had its greatest success in a battle at Riva del Garda, which was followed by the capitulation of the city. In 1508 the League of Cambrai was formed against the Serenissima: Venice strengthened the castles of its mainland domains, including those of Salò and Padenghe, and sent several galleys to
17822-449: Was visited by Voyager 2 , which flew by the planet on 25 August 1989; Voyager 2 remains the only spacecraft to have visited it. Like the gas giants ( Jupiter and Saturn ), Neptune's atmosphere is composed primarily of hydrogen and helium , along with traces of hydrocarbons and possibly nitrogen , but contains a higher proportion of ices such as water, ammonia and methane . Similar to Uranus, its interior
17956-541: Was won by the Franco-Savoyards and Peschiera was besieged. With the armistice of Villafranca the war was put to an end: Garda returned to be a land border, on this occasion between Italians and Austrians. During the Third War of Independence Garibaldi returned to Salò again and from there he invaded Trentino . Meanwhile, the Austrians repeatedly bombed Gargnano and tried to impose their dominance. Despite
#589410