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58-580: The peninsula is divided into North Sulawesi and Gorontalo provinces, as well as part of Central Sulawesi . Its largest cities are Manado and Gorontalo , while Palu is located at its base. The Minahasan people live in this area. The Minahasan languages , a branch of the Philippine languages , are spoken on the peninsula. This North Sulawesi location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . North Sulawesi North Sulawesi ( Indonesian : Sulawesi Utara )

116-561: A battleground for the interests of economic hegemony between the Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch and the Kingdoms around this area, which ultimately led to political and military struggles. The past of this region also became the trading route between west and east and the spread of Christianity, Islam and belief or religion brought by Chinese merchants. The Portuguese first landed on the area at the 16th century. Following decades of war between

174-742: A fairer distribution of taxes, assistance against Abdul Kahar Muzakkar 's rebellion in South Sulawesi , and a central government cabinet headed by Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta in balance. At first the movement of the ' Permesta ' (Charter of the Struggle of the Universe) was merely a movement of reform rather than a separatist movement. Negotiations between the central government and Sulawesi military leaders prevented violence in South Sulawesi, but Minahasan leaders were not satisfied with

232-578: A few years later. By the beginning of the 17th century the Dutch had overthrown the sultanate of Ternate, and began to gain influence from Spain and Portugal. In 1677 the Dutch conquered the Sangir archipelago , two years later, Robert Padtbrugge , the governor of Maluku, visited Manado. His arrival resulted in an agreement with the Minahasan chiefs who led to Dutch domination for the next 300 years although

290-814: A fort at Amurang. Spain built a Fort in Manado, giving Spain control of the Minahasa Peninsula . Resistance against Spanish occupation culminated in 1660–1664. Dutch ships landed in Manado City in 1660, assisting the Minahasa Confederation against Spain. The members of the Minahasa Confederation entered into a Trade Agreement with the VOC . This trade cooperation agreement gave the VOC monopoly on trade, gradually imposing its will, eventually leading to

348-599: A population of 355,988 at the 2010 Census and 393,107 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 418,244 (comprising 210,454 males and 207,790 females). The administrative headquarters of the regency is in the town of Limboto . At the time of the 2010 Census the Regency was divided into seventeen districts ( kecamatan ), but two additional districts (Dungaliyo and Bilato) have subsequently been created by splitting of existing districts. The districts are tabulated below with their areas and their populations at

406-481: A second independent city. On 4 October 1999 a new Boalemo Regency was created from part of Gorontalo Regency, but on 5 December 2000 both Gorontalo Regency and the new Boalemo Regency were split off from the province to become jointly a new Gorontalo Province . Further regencies were created from 2002 onwards - Talaud Islands on 10 April 2002 from part of Sangihe Islands Regency, North Minahasa on 18 December 2002 from part of Minahasa Regency, and South Minahasa - and

464-532: A separate Bolaang Mongondow Province . However, since 2013 the Indonesian Government have maintained a moratorium on the intended creation of new provinces, regencies and cities. The province now forms one of Indonesia's 84 national electoral districts to elect members to the People's Representative Council . The North Sulawesi Electoral District consists of all of the 11 regencies and 4 cities in

522-476: A significant Chinese population, Hakka is also spoken by some Chinese people. Some other Chinese dialects are also spoken, such as Hokkien and Cantonese . English and Mandarin are widely understood in areas where there is a large tourism industry, such as the Bunaken National Park. Older generations tend to understand Dutch and Portuguese . People who lived in islands near the borders of

580-663: A significant Chinese population. Manado also has a Jewish community, numbering about 800. Currently, the only synagogue in Indonesia is located in Manado. As the Indonesian government only recognizes six religions and traditional faith, those who adhere to other religions or faiths can choose to put one of the officially recognized religions or traditional faith, or Kepercayaan Terhadap Tuhan Yang Maha Esa (Believe in One Almighty God) on their ID cards. The Minahasan

638-503: A single province, before being separated into several different provinces. Thus, the province of North Sulawesi was created on 14 August 1959. The western half of this area (as that time comprising the Gorontalo Regency and the newly created Boalemo Regency ) was separated from North Sulawesi on 5 December 2000 and established as the province of Gorontalo . The area around North Sulawesi used to be called Minahasa . The name

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696-617: A strategic port for European traders going to and from Maluku . The Portuguese were the first European colonizers to arrive in North Sulawesi, a Portuguese ship anchored on an island off Manado in the Kingdom of Manado in 1521. The northern islands of the peninsula were under the control of the Sultanate of Maguindanao during the time. The Spanish ship docked on the island of Talaud and Siau , on to Ternate . The Portuguese built

754-650: Is a province of Indonesia . It is mainly located on the Minahasa Peninsula of the island of Sulawesi , south of the Philippines and southeast of Sabah , Malaysia , but also includes various small archipelagoes situated between the Minahasa Peninsula and southern Philippines. It borders the Philippines province of Davao Occidental and Soccsksargen regions to the north, the Maluku Sea to

812-507: Is generally interpreted as "having become one". Based on several historical documents, the word "Minahasa" is firstly used by J.D. Schierstein, the Dutch regent of Manado, in his report to the Governor of Maluku on 8 October 1789. The word "Minahasa" in his report is defined as Landraad or "State Council" or "Regional Council". Archaeological research has revealed signs of human life in North Sulawesi from 30,000 years ago, based on evidence in

870-457: Is located at 0.30–4.30 North Latitude (Lu) and 121–127 East Longitude (BT). The position of the peninsula stretches from east to west with the northernmost regions are the Sangihe and Talaud Islands. The archipelago is adjacent to neighboring Philippines. The area of North Sulawesi has boundaries: Most of the mainland area of North Sulawesi Province consists of mountains and hills interspersed by

928-551: Is more heterogeneous then other parts of Indonesia. The Minahasan and Bolaang Mongondow are spread almost throughout the region of North Sulawesi mainland. The Sangihe, Talaud and Siau mostly inhabit the Sangihe Islands, Talaud Island, and Lembeh Island, especially in coastal areas north, east and west of mainland North Sulawesi. The Bajau people are seafaring nomads who has migrated from the Sulu Archipelago in

986-416: Is still used sometimes to refer to the province. The word Minahasa is etymologically derived from the words Mina-Esa (Minaesa) or Maesa which means 'being one' or 'uniting', meaning hope to unite various sub-ethnic groups of Minahasa consisting of Tontemboan, Tombulu, Tonsea, Tolour (Tondano), Tonsawang, Ponosakan, Pasan and Bantik. The word "Minahasa" itself was only used during the colonial era. "Minahasa"

1044-404: Is the lingua franca of the province. This language resembles Indonesian but with a distinct accent and dialect. Some of the vocabulary are derived from Dutch, Portuguese and other foreign languages. Manado Malay is often used for day-to-day communication between different ethnic groups. Minahasan languages are spoken by the Minahasan people. They are spread around the central and northern part of

1102-470: Is the dominant ethnic group in the province. They are the most populous ethnic group in the Minahasa Peninsula . They mostly lived in areas covering Bitung City, Manado City, Tomohon City, Minahasa Regency , North Minahasa Regency , South Minahasa Regency and Southeast Minahasa Regency . Other ethnic groups are the Bolaang Mongondow, Sangihe, Talaud and Siau. Ethnicity in North Sulawesi

1160-559: Is the predominant religion in those districts and cities of the Islands and Minahasa, while Islam is the largest religion in the districts and cities in the Bolaang Mongondow. Most of the Christians in North Sulawesi adhere to Protestantism , while significant minority Roman Catholic communities also exist in Manado and Bitung. Chinese folk religions such as Confucianism and Taoism also exist, mostly concentrated in Manado, which has

1218-464: Is thus now divided into eleven regencies ( Indonesian : kabupaten ) and four independent cities ( Indonesian : kotamadya ), listed below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 Census and 2020 Census, together with the official estimates as at mid 2023. Proposals have been under consideration since 2013 by the People's Representative Council ( Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat or DPR) to create

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1276-493: The Dutch East Indies government. Minahasa relations with the Dutch were often poor. Causing a war between the Dutch and Tondano in 1807 and 1809. Eventually the Dutch and Minahasa became very close, with Minahasa often referred to as the 12th Dutch province. In 1947, some Manadonese formed a political movement of Twapro, short for Twaalfde Provincie (Twelfth Province) who appealed for formal integration of Minahasa into

1334-781: The Kingdom of the Netherlands . During Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies the Allies bombed Manado greatly in 1945. During the Indonesian War of Independence , there was a split between pro-Indonesian and pro-Dutch residents. The appointment of Sam Ratulangi as the first governor of Sulawesi then succeeded in winning Minahasan support to the Republic of Indonesia. After Indonesian independence, Indonesia

1392-531: The Minahasan in the north of the province and the Mongondow to the south. The province's chief city is Manado with a population of 458,580 people according to the mid 2023 official estimate. Religion in North Sulawesi (2022) About two-thirds of the population of North Sulawesi adhere to Christianity , while nearly one-third follow Islam ; smaller numbers follow Hinduism or other faiths. Christianity

1450-533: The People's Representative Council enacted Law no. 13 officially creating the province of North Sulawesi, with Manado as provincial seat. 14 August 1959 was designated as the anniversary of the province. Since the 1998 reforms , the Indonesian government has begun to adopt laws that enhanced regional autonomy. Two years later, the city of Gorontalo and two Muslim-majority regencies of the province were separated to form Gorontalo Province. Climate areas of North Sulawesi include tropical ones affected by muzon winds. In

1508-477: The Philippines , due to the conflict in Mindanao . They inhabits several coastal villages of North Sulawesi in the northern part of North Minahasa Regency. In addition to the natives, North Sulawesi is also home to migrants. There are a significant Chinese population in North Sulawesi, especially around the city of Manado. The Chinese are also one of the first people to have contact with the local people before

1566-708: The Portuguese , the Spanish and the Dutch to control the area, the area ultimately fell to the Dutch at the 17th century. The Dutch ruled the area for three centuries, before being ousted by the Japanese on the eve of World War II . Following the Japanese surrender in 1945, the Dutch briefly regained possession of the area, before finally leaving in 1949 following the Round Table Conference , in which

1624-649: The Sundanese also exist. They are mostly migrated from where they come from due to the Transmigration program enacted by the Dutch during the colonial era until the Suharto era. They generally live in urban areas, such as Manado and Bitung. Indonesian is the official language of the province, as well as of other parts of Indonesia. Official documents released by the provincial government as well as road signs are all written in Indonesian. However, Manado Malay

1682-527: The 1700s resistance in Ratahan, culminating in the Dutch Minahasa-War in 1809–1811 at Tondano . Spain had colonized the Philippines and made Minahasa a coffee plantation with imported South American coffee because of its fertile land. Manado was further developed by Spain to become a center of coffee trade for Chinese merchants. In the 16th century one of the first Indo-Eurasian communities in

1740-400: The 2010 Census and 2020 Census, together with the official estimates as at mid 2023. The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres, the number of administrative villages in each district (totaling 191 rural desa and 14 urban kelurahan - the latter being those comprising the district of Limboto town), and its postal codes. Notes: (a) the 2010 population of

1798-417: The 2010 census; this rose to 2,621,923 at the 2020 Census, while the official estimate as at mid-2023 was 2,681,540 (comprising 1,369,850 males and 1,311,690 females). The province's capital and largest city is Manado , which is also the main gateway and the economic center of the province. Other major towns includes Tomohon and Bitung in the northern (Minahasa) half of the province, and Kotamobagu in

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1856-503: The Dutch recognized the newly created United States of Indonesia (RIS). Thus, North Sulawesi was incorporated into the territory of the State of East Indonesia (NIT). The NIT was finally dissolved and then merged into the RIS. On 17 August 1950, the RIS was officially disbanded and then re-formed as the unitary state of the Republic of Indonesia. The island of Sulawesi was governed briefly as

1914-733: The Europeans came. According to the discovery of Chinese ancient letters in the Tompaso area, Minahasa shows the cultural interaction between the Chinese and Minahasa have existed since the Han dynasty . Most of the Chinese population in North Sulawesi are from the Hakka dialect group, while small numbers of Hokkien and Cantonese populations also exist. Other ethnic groups such as the Javanese and

1972-414: The Philippines may understand Tagalog . Following the separation of Central Sulawesi as a separate province in 1964, North Sulawesi was composed of four regencies ( Indonesian : kabupaten ) - Minahasa, Sangihe Islands, Bolaang Mongondow and Gorontalo - and the independent city ( Indonesian : kotamadya ) of Manado . The city of Bitung was separated from Minahasa Regency on 15 August 1990 to become

2030-594: The Tabukan Tengah, Lirung, Likupang, Wori, Tombasian, Tenga, New Tompaso, Belang and Tondano. Regosol soil structure covering 81,000 ha (200,000 acres) spread across several areas, among others, Klabat, Dua Saudara, Soputan and North Bitung, Dimembe, Airmadidi, Langowan, Tombasian, Tombatu and Tumpaan. Soil structure andosol of 15,000 ha (37,000 acres), spread across several areas between: in Tomohon, Kawangkoan, Tompaso, Langowan, and Modoinding. Apart from

2088-399: The archipelago appeared in Manado. The first king of Manado, Muntu Untu (1630) was half Spanish. Spain then handed over Minahasa to the Portuguese in exchange for 350,000 ducats in a treaty. The rulers of Minahasa sent Supit, Pa'at, and Lontoh to ally with the Dutch to expel the Portuguese from Minahasa. In 1655 they excelled, building their own fortress in 1658 and drove out the last Portuguese

2146-527: The calculation of every 100-metre (330 ft) increase can lower the temperature by around 0.6 °C (1.1 °F). The province of North Sulawesi is located in the northern peninsula of Sulawesi Island and is one of three provinces in Indonesia which has geoposition, geostrategy and geopolitical advantages and is located on the Pacific Rim. The other two provinces are North Sumatra and Aceh Special Region. Viewed from geographical location, North Sulawesi

2204-836: The cave Liang Sarru on the island of Salibabu. Other evidence shows life about 6,000 years ago on the Passo Hillside Site in Kakas District and 4,000 years ago to early AD at the Liang Tuo Mane'e cave in Arangkaa on Karakelong Island. At the end of the 16th century, the Portuguese and Spanish arrived in North Sulawesi. When Europeans arrived, the Ternate Sultanate had influence in North Sulawesi, frequented by Bugis traders from South Sulawesi. The wealth of Minahasa's natural resources made Manado

2262-618: The central government to request military assistance from southern Sulawesi. The Permesta forces were later removed from Central Sulawesi , Gorontalo , Sangihe Islands , and Morotai in Moluccas . The United States then halted resistance, and in June 1958 central government forces landed in Minahasa. The Permesta uprising ended in mid-1961. The effects of the Sumatra and Sulawesi rebellions

2320-743: The coast of Manado. In the sea off North Sulawesi, there are several species of fish, coral, and plankton. Several types of famous marine fish and is one source of foreign exchange, among others: tuna, skipjack, yellow tail, lobsters, and others. The condition of flora can be said that the mainland of North Sulawesi partly dominated by forest. Forest cover ranges from 300 metres (980 ft) from sea level to mountain tops with various types of good quality timber, including ebony (wooden) iron wood, linggua wood, cempaka wood, wooden nantu, gopasa wood, meranti wood, There are also rattan, and various types of Dammar. In addition, there are many plantation crops such as coconut, nutmeg, and cloves. The slowest growing regency

2378-892: The coast of North Sulawesi, both on the mainland coast and on the coast of the islands, there are several headlands ( Indonesian : Tanjung ) and bays ( Indonesian : Teluk ). Some of the prominent headlands are Tanjun Atep, Tanjung Pulisan, Tanjung Salimburung, Tanjung Kelapa in Minahasa. Tanjung Binta, Tanjung Dulang, Tanjung Flesko and Tanjung Tanango in Bolmong. While in Sangihe and Talaud namely Tanjung Binta, Tanjung Barurita, Tanjung Bulude, Tanjung Bunangkem, Tanjung Buwu and Tanjung Esang. The well-known bays of this region include Amurang Bay, Teluk Belang, Manado Bay, Kema Bay (Minahasa and Manado), Tombolata Bay, Taludaa Bay and Bolaang Telun (Bolmong), Manganitu Bay, Map Bay, Miulu Bay, Dago Bay and Ngalipeang Bay (Sangihe and Talaud). The cape and bay are known as places of trade and tourism. The structure of

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2436-849: The development of the field of tourism, irrigation and energy. The lakes are Lake Tondano with an area of 4,278 ha (10,570 acres) in Minahasa, Lake Moat covering 617 ha (1,520 acres) in East Bolaang Mongondow. In general, rivers are used for various purposes, among others, for irrigation as well as a source of electricity and drinking water sources. The rivers are Tondano River (40 km or 25 mi), Poigar River (54.2 km or 33.7 mi), Ranoyapo River (51.9 km or 32.2 mi), Talawaan River (34.8 km or 21.6 mi) in Minahasa. Other major rivers are located in Bolmong and Bolmut namely Dumoga River (87.2 km or 54.2 mi), Sangkub River (53.6 km or 33.3 mi), Ongkaw River (42.1 km or 26.2 mi). Along

2494-436: The direct rule by the Dutch only began in 1870. The Dutch helped unify the Minahasa confederation, and in 1693. Dutch influence flourished with the spreading of Christianity and European culture in the land of Minahasa. The missionary schools in Manado in 1881 were one of the first attempts of mass education in Indonesia, providing an opportunity for graduates to find employment in the civil service, military, and high positions in

2552-529: The east, Gorontalo (its sole land border) and the Celebes Sea to the west and the Gulf of Tomini to the southwest. The province's furthest extent, the outlying and isolated island of Miangas to its north, is the northernmost island of Indonesia as a bordering with the Philippines . The province's area is 14,500.28 square kilometres (5,598.59 sq mi), and its population was 2,270,596 according to

2610-610: The independent city of Tomohon - on 25 February 2003 from further parts of Minahasa Regency. Further new regencies followed on 2 January 2007 - North Bolaang Mongondow and the independent city of Kotamobagu from parts of Bolaang Mongondow Regency, the Sitaro Islands from part of Sangihe Islands Regency, and Southeast Minahasa from part of South Minahasa Regency. Two further regencies were created on 24 June 2008 from further parts of Bolaang Mongondow Regency - East Bolaang Mongondow and South Bolaang Mongondow . The province

2668-401: The land in North Sulawesi in the form of Latosol covering 531,000 ha (1,310,000 acres) spread in several areas, among others: Tagulandang, Tamako, Manganitu, Kendahe, Tabukan Utara, Esang, Pineleng, Tomohon, Tombariri, Airmadidi, Kakas, Eris, Kombi, Tareran, Passi, Modayag, Pinolocian and Bolaang. Alluvial soil structure of 75,000 ha (190,000 acres) spread over several regions, including

2726-845: The months of November to April the West winds bring rain on the north coast, whereas in May to October a dry south wind changes. Uneven rainfall with annual rates ranging from 2,000 to 3,000 mm (79 to 118 in), and the number of rainy days between 90 and 139 days. Temperatures are at every level up to the height of the cool as the city area Tomohon, Langowan in Minahasa Regency, Modoinding in Minahasa Selatan Regency, Kotamobagu city, and Modayag and Pasi in Bolaang Mongondow Regency. The area that receives

2784-414: The most rainfall is the Minahasa area. Temperatures average 25 °C (77 °F). The average maximum air temperature was recorded at 30 °C (86 °F) and the minimum average air temperature was 22.1 °C (71.8 °F). The air humidity was 73.4%. However, the temperature is also affected by the altitude of the place above sea level. The higher the location, the lower the temperature also, with

2842-513: The new Dungaliyo District is included in the figure for the existing Bongomeme District, from which it was cut out. (b) the 2010 population of the new Bilato District is included in the figure for the existing Boliyohuto District, from which it was cut out. (c) all 14 are kelurahan . (d) Tilango and Talaga Jaya Districts are western suburbs of Gorontalo city. 0°38′N 122°58′E  /  0.633°N 122.967°E  / 0.633; 122.967 This Gorontalo location article

2900-656: The outcome of the agreement and the movement broke out. Fearful of southern dominance, Minahasan leaders declared their own North Sulawesi autonomous state in June 1957. At that time the central government had controlled South Sulawesi, but in the North there were no strong figures of the central government and there were rumors that the United States was arming the PRRI rebellion in Sumatra, which has links with Minahasan leaders. The possibility of foreign intervention prompted

2958-414: The province, and elects 6 members to the People's Representative Council. Gorontalo Regency Gorontalo is a regency of Gorontalo Province , Indonesia , on the island of Sulawesi . It was established in 1959 under Law Number ( Undang-Undang Nomor ) 29/1959, but has subsequently been reduced in area as additional regencies have been cut out of it. It now has an area of 2,189.08 km and had

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3016-652: The province. In the Minahasa area, five (5) distinct languages are spoken: Tonsawang , Tontemboan , Toulour , Tonsea and Tombulu . To the south, the Mongondow language and the Gorontalo language are spoken. In the islands to the north which borders the Philippines, the Visayan languages are used by the local people. Other languages spoken are Javanese , Sundanese and Balinese . They are mostly spoken by migrants coming from other parts of Indonesia. As Manado has

3074-440: The southern (Bolaang Mongondow) half. There are 41 mountains with an altitude ranging from 1,112–1,995 metres (3,648–6,545 ft). Most geologic conditions in the province are consisted mainly of young volcanic regions, with numerous eruptions and many active volcanic cones that adorn the central Minahasa, Bolaang Mongondow and Sangihe Islands . North Sulawesi in the past was an area of potential spices, rice and gold which became

3132-571: The structure of the land mentioned, others including soil types complex covering an area of approximately 76.5 percent of total area of North Sulawesi province so that the area was fertile for agriculture. In general, the varieties of flora and fauna in North Sulawesi are similar to those in other parts of Indonesia, except for some animals not found in other areas such as Deer, Maleo, Taong, Mini Tarsius Spectrum in Bitung City Nature Reserve And Coelacanth off

3190-1063: The valleys that make up the land. The mountains are located with a height above 1,000 m (3,300 ft) above sea level. Some mountains in North Sulawesi are Mount Klabat (1,895 m or 6,217 ft) in North Minahasa, Mount Lokon (1,579 m or 5,180 ft), Mount Mahawu (1,331 m or 4,367 ft) in Tomohon, Mount Soputan (1,789 m or 5,869 ft) in Southeast Minahasa, Mount Dua Saudara (1,468 m or 4,816 ft) in Bitung, Mount Awu (1,784 m or 5,853 ft), Mount Space (1,245 m or 4,085 ft), Mount Karangketang (1,320 m or 4,330 ft), Mount Dalage (1,165 m or 3,822 ft), in Sangihe and Talaud, Mount Ambang (1,689 m or 5,541 ft), Mount Gambula (1,954 m or 6,411 ft) and Mount Batu Balawan (1,970 m or 6,460 ft). The lakes in this area potentially have economic value for

3248-624: Was divided into 8 provinces, and Sulawesi was one of these provinces. In 1946 the State of East Indonesia was formed in Sulawesi, and later became a state within the United States of Indonesia . The State of East Indonesia was dissolved, and merged into the Republic of Indonesia as part of a then unified Sulawesi Province. In March 1957, Sulawesi military leaders held a confrontation with the central government, with demands for greater regional autonomy. They called for more active development,

3306-518: Was that of the Sangihe Islands . In 2010, about 68% were Christian (predominantly Protestant with a sizable Catholic minority), one of the few exceptions in the predominantly Muslim Indonesia, due to the prominent Dutch missionary activity during the colonial era. Also, because the Muslim-majority region of Gorontalo (then comprising a city and two regencies) was split off to form a new province on 5 December 2000. There are also Muslim , Hindu , and Buddhist minorities. The largest ethnic groups are

3364-441: Was ultimately counterproductive, with central government authority increasing while regional autonomy weakened, radical nationalism strengthened than pragmatic moderation, communist party power and Sukarno increased while Mohammad Hatta was weakened, with the establishing of Guided Democracy ( Indonesian : Demokrasi Terpimpin ) in 1958. But the demands of the Minahasa peoples for the province of their own would not end, and in 1964

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