93-459: Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) therapy is a mindfulness -based program (MBP) designed for stress management and used to treat other conditions. It is structured as an eight to ten week group program. MBSR was developed in the late 1970s by Jon Kabat-Zinn at the University of Massachusetts Medical Center. It incorporates a blend of mindfulness meditation, body awareness, yoga , and
186-547: A "mischaracterization". The change in terms resulted in a massive backlash of protests via consumer groups and social media, and General Mills reverted the terms back to the original content after only a few days. On 12 February 2020, the United Nations published a database of companies doing business related in the West Bank , including East Jerusalem , as well as in the occupied Golan Heights . General Mills
279-448: A fee of around $ 820 million, as part of its strategy to expand in the US natural foods market. In October 2014, General Mills announced plans to cut 700 to 800 jobs, mostly in U.S., in corporate restructuring planned to be completed by the end of 2015. In 2015, citing climate change, General Mills promised to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 28 percent over 10 years. In December 2016,
372-562: A few companies to pay a dividend every year since its founding. In the 1930s, General Mills engineer, Thomas R. James, created the puffing gun, which inflated or distorted cereal pieces into puffed-up shapes. This new technology was used in 1937 to create Kix cereal and in 1941 to create Cheerioats (known today as Cheerios). In 1939, General Mills engineer Helmer Anderson created the Anderson sealer. This new device allowed for bags of flour to be sealed with glue instead of just being tied with
465-600: A five-unit restaurant company called Red Lobster and expanded it nationwide. Soon, a division of General Mills titled General Mills Restaurants developed to take charge of the Red Lobster chain. In 1980, General Mills acquired the California-based Good Earth health food restaurant chain. The company eventually converted the restaurants into other chain restaurants they were operating, such as Red Lobster. In 1982, General Mills Restaurants founded
558-529: A flour dust explosion along with five nearby buildings, an event known as the Great Mill Disaster . The ensuing fire led to the death of 18 workers. Construction of a new mill began immediately. Not only was the new mill safer but it also was able to produce a higher quality flour after the old grinding stones were replaced with automatic steel rollers, the first ever used. In 1880, Washburn-Crosby flour brands won gold, silver and bronze medals at
651-509: A new Italian-themed restaurant chain called Olive Garden . Another themed restaurant, China Coast , was added before the entire group was spun off to General Mills shareholders in 1995 as Darden Restaurants . During the same decade, General Mills ventured further, starting the General Mills Specialty Retail Group. They acquired two clothing and apparel companies, Talbots and Eddie Bauer . The acquisition
744-407: A particular state (e.g. relaxation), but rather to just notice each object that arises in the stream of consciousness . An ancient model of the mind, generally known as the five-aggregate model enables one to understand the moment-to-moment manifestation of subjective conscious experience, and therefore can be a potentially useful theoretical resource to guide mindfulness interventions. This model
837-606: A pet supplement business, Fera Pets, Inc. On September 12, 2024, General Mills announced that it would sell its North American yogurt division to Groupe Lactalis and Sodiaal. Lacatlis would buy the US brands while Sodiaal would by the Canadian brands which would be completed by 2025. The company has been associated with social media campaigns and education of dieticians promoting the "anti-diet" movement. This activity has been connected with helping to promote some of its own foods, which are high in sugar content. In April 2014,
930-482: A place on the CDP "A List" for both climate change and water security . On May 15, 2021, General Mills announced that it was acquiring Tyson Foods 's pet treat business, including True Chews, Nudges and Top Chews, for $ 1.2 billion. The acquisition was completed on July 7, 2021. In April 2022, there were increasing news reports and complaints that the company's Lucky Charms cereal was somehow making individuals ill, with
1023-549: A positive relationship between trait mindfulness (which can be cultivated through the practice of mindfulness-based interventions) and psychological health. The practice of mindfulness appears to provide therapeutic benefits to people with psychiatric disorders , including moderate benefits to those with psychosis . Studies also indicate that rumination and worry contribute to a variety of mental disorders, and that mindfulness-based interventions can enhance trait mindfulness and reduce both rumination and worry. Further,
SECTION 10
#17328022836501116-533: A practice is described as: According to Steven F. Hick, mindfulness practice involves both formal and informal meditation practices, and nonmeditation-based exercises. Formal mindfulness, or meditation, is the practice of sustaining attention on body, breath or sensations, or whatever arises in each moment. Informal mindfulness is the application of mindful attention in everyday life. Nonmeditation-based exercises are specifically used in dialectical behavior therapy and in acceptance and commitment therapy . Since
1209-574: A set of skills and techniques. A distinction can also be made between the state of mindfulness and the trait of mindfulness. According to David S. Black, whereas "mindfulness" originally was associated with esoteric beliefs and religion, and "a capacity attainable only by certain people", scientific researchers have translated the term into measurable terms, providing a valid operational definition of mindfulness. Black mentions three possible domains: According to Brown, mindfulness is: A quality of consciousness manifest in, but not isomorphic with,
1302-430: A significant element of Hindu and Buddhist traditions, and is based on Zen , Vipassanā , and Tibetan meditation techniques. Though definitions and techniques of mindfulness are wide-ranging, Buddhist traditions describe what constitutes mindfulness, such as how perceptions of the past, present and future arise and cease as momentary sense-impressions and mental phenomena . Individuals who have contributed to
1395-437: A strategy of avoidance of emotion on the one hand and to the strategy of emotional over-engagement on the other hand. Mindfulness can also be viewed as a means to develop self-knowledge and wisdom. According to Brown, Ryan, and Creswell, definitions of mindfulness are typically selectively interpreted based on who is studying it and how it is applied. Some have viewed mindfulness as a mental state, while others have viewed it as
1488-583: A string. In 1956, General Mills created the tear-strip for easily opening packages. In 1946, General Mills established their Aeronautical Research Division with chief engineer Otto C. Winzen . This division developed high altitude balloons in conjunction with the United States Navy Office of Naval Research (ONR), such as the Skyhook balloon . In 1956, hundreds of General Mills balloons carrying reconnaissance equipment were launched by
1581-401: A systematic review and meta-analysis, mindfulness meditation programs demonstrated moderate evidence of reducing anxiety , depression , and pain , but showed low evidence for improving stress/distress, mental health-related quality of life, positive mood, attention, substance use, eating habits, sleep, and weight. The study highlighted the need for stronger research designs to better understand
1674-399: A variety of housewares products featured in the widely distributed Betty Crocker catalog. The coupons and the catalog were discontinued by the company in 2006. General Mills became the sponsor of the popular radio show The Lone Ranger in 1941. The show was then brought to television, and, after 20 years, their sponsorship came to an end in 1961. Beginning in 1959, General Mills sponsored
1767-776: Is secular . The MBSR program is described in detail in Kabat-Zinn's 1990 book Full Catastrophe Living . In 1979, Jon Kabat-Zinn founded the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Clinic at the University of Massachusetts Medical Center . Nearly two decades later, he founded the Center for Mindfulness in Medicine, Health Care, and Society at the University of Massachusetts Medical School. These institutions have been instrumental in supporting
1860-644: Is aimed at the attainment of "correct view", not just "bare attention". Jay L. Garfield , quoting Shantideva and other sources, stresses that mindfulness is constituted by the union of two functions, calling to mind and vigilantly retaining in mind . He demonstrates that there is a direct connection between the practice of mindfulness and the cultivation of morality—at least in the context of Buddhism, from which modern interpretations of mindfulness are stemming. The Pali-language scholar Thomas William Rhys Davids (1843–1922) first translated sati in 1881 as English mindfulness in sammā-sati "Right Mindfulness;
1953-835: Is an American multinational manufacturer and marketer of branded ultra-processed consumer foods sold through retail stores. Founded on the banks of the Mississippi River at Saint Anthony Falls in Minneapolis , the company originally gained fame for being a large flour miller . It is headquartered in Golden Valley, Minnesota , a suburb of Minneapolis . Today, the company markets many well-known North American brands, including Gold Medal flour, Annie's Homegrown , Lärabar , Cascadian Farm, Betty Crocker , Yoplait , Nature Valley , Totino's , Pillsbury , Old El Paso , Häagen-Dazs , as well as breakfast cereals under
SECTION 20
#17328022836502046-458: Is based upon the traditional buddhist description of the Skandhas . The five aggregates are described as follows: This model describes how sensory consciousness results in the generation of feelings, perception or volition, and how individuals' previously conditioned attitudes and past associations influence this generation. The five aggregates are described as constantly arising and ceasing in
2139-530: Is common in this age range. In one study, the long-term impact of an 8-week Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) treatment extended to two months after the intervention was completed. Research suggests mindfulness training improves focus, attention, and ability to work under stress. Mindfulness may also have potential benefits for cardiovascular health. The effectiveness of MBSR in treating psychological disorders, particularly anxiety and depression, has been supported by recent meta-analytic evidence. However, MBSR
2232-413: Is developed, and rumination and worry are significantly reduced. During the past decades, mindfulness meditation has been the subject of more controlled clinical research, which suggests its potential beneficial effects for mental health, athletic performance, as well as physical health. While MBSR has its roots in wisdom teachings of Zen Buddhism, Hatha Yoga, Vipassana and Advaita Vedanta, the program itself
2325-440: Is especially effective in managing stress and improving quality of life in the context of health by offering a non-pharmacological approach that enhances functional status and well-being across a diverse range of health related conditions. As a major subject of increasing research interest, 52 papers were published in 2003, rising to 477 by 2012. Nearly 100 randomized controlled trials had been published by early 2014. According to
2418-415: Is founded on principles such as non-judging, non-striving, acceptance, letting go, beginner’s mind, patience, trust, and de-centering. According to Kabat-Zinn, the core of MBSR is mindfulness, which he defines as "moment-to-moment, non-judgmental awareness." Throughout the program, participants are encouraged to engage in informal practices by incorporating mindfulness into their daily routines. This focus on
2511-513: Is just sitting , that is, suspending all judgmental thinking and letting words, ideas, images and thoughts pass by without getting involved in them. In modern vipassana -meditation, as propagated by the Vipassana movement , sati aids vipassana , insight into the true nature of reality, namely the three marks of existence , the impermanence of and the suffering of every conditioned thing that exists, and non-self . With this insight,
2604-491: Is one of the seven factors of enlightenment . "Correct" or "right" mindfulness (Pali: sammā-sati , Sanskrit samyak-smṛti ) is the seventh element of the Noble Eightfold Path . Mindfulness is an antidote to delusion and is considered as a 'power' (Pali: bala ) which contributes to the attainment of Nibbana . This faculty becomes a power in particular when it is coupled with clear comprehension of whatever
2697-513: Is part of Buddhist psychological traditions and the developing scholarship within empirical psychology . The Buddhist term translated into English as "mindfulness" originates in the Pali term sati and in its Sanskrit counterpart smṛti . It is often translated as "bare attention", but in the Buddhist tradition it has a broader meaning and application, and the meaning of these terms has been
2790-430: Is possible if conditions are unsanitary. On May 12, 2022, General Mills announced that it was acquiring TNT Crust, a supplier of frozen pizza crusts, from Peak Rock Capital. On May 25, 2022, General Mills announced that it was selling its Hamburger Helper and Suddenly Salad businesses to Eagle Family Foods Group for $ 610 million. The sale was completed on July 5, 2022. On November 9, 2023, General Mills acquired
2883-538: Is taking place. Nirvana is a state of being in which greed, hatred and delusion (Pali: moha ) have been overcome and abandoned, and are absent from the mind. According to Paul Williams , referring to Erich Frauwallner , mindfulness provided the way in Early Buddhism to liberation, "constantly watching sensory experience in order to prevent the arising of cravings which would power future experience into rebirths." According to Vetter, Jhanas may have been
Mindfulness-based stress reduction - Misplaced Pages Continue
2976-410: Is to observe how mind's attention moves from one thing to another. In Buddhism, mindfulness is closely intertwined with the concept of interbeing , a philosophical concept used by Thich Nhat Hanh to highlight the interconnectedness of all things. This philosophy, rooted in Buddhist teachings such as Vipassana and Zen meditation, emphasizes awareness of the present moment and ethical living, reflecting
3069-419: Is what causes the practitioner of yoga to "remember" that any feeling he may experience exists in relation to a whole variety or world of feelings that may be skillful or unskillful, with faults or faultless, relatively inferior or refined, dark or pure." Sharf further notes that this has little to do with "bare attention", the popular contemporary interpretation of sati , "since it entails, among other things,
3162-507: The Dennis the Menace animated series based on the comic strip of the same name created by Hank Ketcham in 1986. From 1997 until May 31, 2004, General Mills sponsored and syndicated the first 82 episodes of the original Sailor Moon English dub (the remaining 17 of 82 episodes premiered on Cartoon Network 's programming block Toonami in 1998). The first venture General Mills took into
3255-793: The Rocky and His Friends television series , later known as The Bullwinkle Show . Until 1968, Rocky and Bullwinkle were featured in a variety of advertisements for General Mills. General Mills was also a sponsor of the Saturday-morning cartoons from the Total Television productions studio, including Tennessee Tuxedo . The company also was a sponsor of the ABC western series The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp , starring Hugh O'Brian . The company, along with its subsidiary The Program Exchange , backed DiC Entertainment in syndicating
3348-551: The Mississippi River in Minneapolis, Minnesota . Cadwallader C. Washburn acquired the company shortly after its founding and hired his brother William D. Washburn to assist in the company's development. In 1866 the Washburns got into the business themselves, building the Washburn "B" Mill at the falls. At the time, the building was considered to be so large and output so vast that it could not possibly sustain itself. However,
3441-411: The five powers , the seven awakening-factors, the noble eightfold path, and the attainment of insight. According to Rupert Gethin, [ sati ] should be understood as what allows awareness of the full range and extent of dhammas ; sati is an awareness of things in relation to things, and hence an awareness of their relative value. Applied to the satipaṭṭhānas , presumably what this means is that sati
3534-591: The original core practice of the Buddha , which aided the maintenance of mindfulness. According to Thomas William Rhys Davids , the doctrine of mindfulness is "perhaps the most important" after the Four Noble Truths and the Noble Eightfold Path . T.W. Rhys Davids viewed the teachings of Gotama Buddha as a rational technique for self-actualization and rejected a few parts of it, mainly the doctrine of rebirth, as residual superstitions. The aim of zazen
3627-791: The 1970s, most books on meditation use definitions of mindfulness similar to Jon Kabat-Zinn 's definition as "present moment awareness". However, recently a number of teachers of meditation have proposed quite different definitions of mindfulness. Shinzen Young says a person is mindful when they have mindful awareness, and defines that to be when "concentration power, sensory clarity, and equanimity [are] working together." John Yates (Culadasa) defines mindfulness to be "the optimal interaction between attention and peripheral awareness", where he distinguishes attention and peripheral awareness as two distinct modes in which one may be conscious of things. According to American Buddhist monk Ven Bhante Vimalaramsi 's book A Guide to Tranquil Wisdom Insight Meditation ,
3720-554: The General Mills name, including Cheerios , Wheaties , Chex , Lucky Charms , Trix , Cocoa Puffs and Count Chocula and the other monster cereals . The company can trace its history to the Minneapolis Milling Company , incorporated in 1856. The company was founded by Illinois Congressman Robert Smith , who leased power rights to flour mills operating along the west side of Saint Anthony Falls on
3813-474: The MBSR intervention. The research also highlighted that while MBIs were effective, their benefits were generally modest compared to other therapeutic interventions. Mindfulness Mindfulness is the cognitive skill , usually developed through meditation , of sustaining meta-attentive awareness towards the contents of one's own mind in the present moment. Mindfulness derives from sati ,
Mindfulness-based stress reduction - Misplaced Pages Continue
3906-655: The Millers' International Exhibition in Cincinnati , causing them to launch the Gold Medal flour brand. In 1924, the company acquired a failing Twin Cities radio station, WLAG , renaming it WCCO (from Washburn-Crosby Company). General Mills itself was created on June 20, 1928, when Washburn-Crosby President James Ford Bell merged Washburn-Crosby with three other mills. In the same year, General Mills acquired
3999-951: The US and more than 30 countries. Corporations such as General Mills have made MBSR instruction available to their employees or set aside rooms for meditation. Democratic Congressman Tim Ryan published a book in 2012 titled A Mindful Nation and he has helped organize regular group meditation periods on Capitol Hill. Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) classes and programs are offered at various facilities, including hospitals, retreat centers, and yoga studios. These programs typically focus on teaching: Mindfulness-based approaches have been found to be beneficial for healthy adults , for adolescents and children, healthcare professionals, as well as for different health-related outcomes including eating disorders, psychiatric conditions, pain management sleep disorders, cancer care, psychological distress, and for coping with health-related conditions. Research suggests that Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR)
4092-815: The United States government under Project Genetrix to surveil Eastern bloc countries, in particular their nuclear capabilities. The aeronautical work of General Mills done around the time of the Second World War was continued by Raven Industries . The General Mills Electronics division developed the DSV Alvin submersible, which is notable for being used in investigating the wreck of Titanic among other deep-sea exploration missions. Beginning in 1929, General Mills products contained box top coupons, known as Betty Crocker coupons, with varying point values, which were redeemable for discounts on
4185-571: The Vedic tradition of remembering the sacred texts. The term sati also means "to remember". In the Satipaṭṭhāna-sutta the term sati means to remember the dharmas , whereby the true nature of phenomena can be seen. Sharf refers to the Milindapañha , which said that the arising of sati calls to mind the wholesome dhammas such as the four foundations of mindfulness, the five faculties,
4278-547: The Wichita Mill and Elevator Company of the industrialist Frank Kell of Wichita Falls , Texas . With the sale, Kell acquired cash plus stock in the corporation. Shares of the new company's stock were first sold on the New York Stock Exchange on November 30, 1928, at $ 65 per share. The newly merged company paid a dividend in 1928 and has continued the dividend uninterrupted ever since – one of only
4371-443: The active, watchful mind". Noting that Daniel John Gogerly (1845) initially rendered sammā-sati as "correct meditation", Davids said: sati is literally 'memory' but is used with reference to the constantly repeated phrase 'mindful and thoughtful' ( sato sampajâno ); and means that activity of mind and constant presence of mind which is one of the duties most frequently inculcated on the good Buddhist." John D. Dunne says that
4464-414: The activities through which it is enhanced." Several mindfulness measures have been developed which are based on self-reporting of trait-like constructs: According to Bishop, et alia, mindfulness is, "A kind of nonelaborative, nonjudgmental, present-centered awareness in which each thought, feeling, or sensation that arises in the attentional field is acknowledged and accepted as it is." Mindfulness as
4557-499: The attention focused on breathing. An old Zen saying suggests, "You should sit in meditation for 20 minutes every day — unless you're too busy. Then you should sit for an hour." In a Buddhist context the keeping of moral precepts is an essential preparatory stage for mindfulness or meditation. Vipassana also includes contemplation and reflection on phenomena as dukkha , anatta and anicca , and reflections on causation and other Buddhist teachings. Mindfulness meditation
4650-453: The brain areas responsible for attention, introspection, and emotional processing. According to a 2014 article in Time magazine, mindfulness meditation is becoming popular among people who would not normally consider meditation. The curriculum started by Kabat-Zinn at University of Massachusetts Medical Center has produced nearly 1,000 certified MBSR instructors who are in nearly every state in
4743-595: The business but it was floated on the stock exchange with General Mills's shareholders getting equivalent shares in Kenner Parker. This was more tax efficient for General Mills. In 1990, a joint venture with Nestlé S.A. called Cereal Partners was formed which markets cereals (including many existing General Mills cereal brands) outside the US and Canada under the Nestlé name. In 2001, the company purchased Pillsbury (sans Burger King ) from Diageo , although it
SECTION 50
#17328022836504836-405: The changing fields of "objects" (thoughts, feelings, sensations), from moment to moment – by regulating the focus of attention". Orientation to experience (the second component) involves maintaining an attitude of curiosity about objects experienced at each moment, and about where and how the mind wanders when it drifts from the selected focus of attention. Clients are asked to avoid trying to produce
4929-580: The company announced it would be restructuring, splitting into four business groups based on global region, and cutting as many as 600 jobs. In February 2018, the company entered into the pet products industry, paying $ 8 billion to buy Blue Buffalo Pet Products, Inc. As of 2018, the company ranked 182nd on the Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by revenue. Having launched its first regenerative agriculture pilot program in March 2019,
5022-466: The company announced that it had changed its legal terms on its website to introduce an arbitration clause requiring all disputes with General Mills to be resolved in small claims court or arbitration and not as a participant in a class action . The change was made shortly after a judge's March 26, 2014, denial of a motion to dismiss a class action regarding the marketing of the company's Nature Valley brand products. Users would be deemed to accept
5115-404: The company has plans to improve soil health on 1 million acres of farmland by 2030 and has formed a partnership with Regrow Agriculture, a software and data analysis company that uses satellite imagery , weather data , and soil data to measure carbon sequestration in soil . In February 2020, General Mills was recognized by CDP as a global leader in corporate sustainability and received
5208-483: The company succeeded, and in 1874 he built the even bigger Washburn "A" Mill . In 1877, the mill entered a partnership with John Crosby to form the Washburn-Crosby Company , producing winter wheat flour. That same year Washburn sent William Hood Dunwoody to England to open the market for spring wheat. Dunwoody was successful and became a silent partner. In 1878, the "A" mill was destroyed in
5301-480: The debilitating effects of stress on the human body and its evolutionary origins was highlighted by the work of Robert Sapolsky , particularly in the book Why Zebras Don’t Get Ulcers . Mindfulness meditation has been shown to bring about significant reductions in psychological stress, and appears to prevent the physiological changes and biological manifestations that typically result from psychological stress. Early neuroimaging studies suggest that MBSR training impacts
5394-551: The effects of meditation programs on various dimensions of mental health . The development of therapies to improve individuals' flexibility in switching between using and not using emotion regulation (ER) methods is necessary because it is linked to better mental health, wellbeing, and resilience. According to research, those who attended MBSR training exhibited greater regulatory decision flexibility. In post-secondary students, research on mindfulness-based stress reduction has demonstrated that it can reduce psychological distress, which
5487-442: The exploration of patterns of behavior, thinking, feeling, and action. Mindfulness can be understood as the non-judgmental acceptance and investigation of present experience, including body sensations, internal mental states, thoughts, emotions, impulses and memories, in order to reduce suffering or distress and to increase well-being. Mindfulness meditation is a method by which attention skills are cultivated, emotional regulation
5580-605: The growth and implementation of MBSR in hospitals worldwide. Kabat-Zinn's book, Full Catastrophe Living , which details the MBSR program, became a bestseller and was reissued in a revised edition in 2013. In 1993, Jon Kabat-Zinn's MBSR course was featured in Bill Moyers' documentary, Healing from Within . By 2015, nearly 80% of medical schools offered some element of mindfulness training, and research and education centers dedicated to mindfulness had proliferated. A meta-analysis described MBSR as "a group program that focuses upon
5673-557: The hang of it". As forms of self-observation and interoception , these methods increase awareness of the body, so they are usually beneficial to people with low self-awareness or low awareness of their bodies or emotional state. However, it may provoke anxiety, panic attacks, depression, and dissociation, in people who are very focused on themselves, their bodies, and their emotions. Meditators are recommended to start with short periods of 10 minutes or so of meditation practice per day. As one practices regularly, it becomes easier to keep
SECTION 60
#17328022836505766-497: The immune system as well as inflammation, which can consequently impact physical health, especially considering that inflammation has been linked to the development of several chronic health conditions. Other studies support these findings. Critics have questioned both the commercialization and the over- marketing of mindfulness for health benefits—as well as emphasizing the need for more randomized controlled studies, for more methodological details in reported studies and for
5859-399: The interconnected nature of existence. The English term mindfulness already existed before it came to be used in a (western) Buddhist context. It was first recorded as myndfulness in 1530 ( John Palsgrave translates French pensée ), as mindfulnesse in 1561, and mindfulness in 1817. Morphologically earlier terms include mindful (first recorded in 1340), mindfully (1382), and
5952-410: The meditation practice and its application to everyday life—are integral to the program. This component is crucial for understanding how mindfulness can be incorporated into daily living. Body scanning, introduced during the first four weeks, involves quietly sitting or lying while systematically focusing attention on different body regions, starting from the toes and moving up to the top of the head. MBSR
6045-570: The more mindfulness was incorporated by their school and teachers, the easier it was to apply its principles. In a 2021 Cochrane review for mindfulness-based psychological interventions for medical students and junior doctors its utility remained unconfirmed due to few studies and risk of bias. MBIs (mindfulness-based interventions) showed a positive effect on mental and somatic health in social interactions when compared to other active treatments in adults. However, these effects were largely independent of gender, study sample, duration, and compliance with
6138-458: The most common complaints being gastrointestinal in nature, such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. The episodes have not yet resulted in a company- or FDA-initiated recall; an FDA spokesperson said they were investigating approximately 100 reports. These reports came as norovirus was circulating in some areas of the U.S. It is relatively rare for cereals, as opposed to other foods, to be contaminated by microbes, because they must be baked, although it
6231-579: The obsolete mindiness (c. 1200). According to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, mindfulness may also refer to "a state of being aware". Synonyms for this "state of being aware" are wakefulness , attention , alertness, prudence, conscientiousness, awareness, consciousness, and observation. A two-component model of mindfulness based upon a consensus among clinical psychologists has been proposed as an operational and testable definition, : The first component involves
6324-478: The popularity of mindfulness in the modern Western context include Thích Nhất Hạnh , Joseph Goldstein , Herbert Benson , Jon Kabat-Zinn , and Richard J. Davidson . Clinical psychology and psychiatry since the 1970s have developed a number of therapeutic applications based on mindfulness for helping people experiencing a variety of psychological conditions. Mindfulness practice has been employed to reduce depression , stress , anxiety , and in
6417-504: The practice of mindfulness may be a preventive strategy to halt the development of mental-health problems. Mindfulness practices have been said to enable individuals to respond more effectively to stressful situations by helping them strike the balance between over-identification and suppression of their emotional experiences by finding the middle point which is recognition and acceptance. Evidence suggests that engaging in mindfulness meditation may influence physical health. For example,
6510-404: The practitioner becomes a so-called Sotāpanna , a "stream-enterer", the first stage on the path to liberation . Vipassana is practiced in tandem with Samatha , and also plays a central role in other Buddhist traditions. According to the contemporary Theravada orthodoxy, Samatha is used as a preparation for Vipassanā, pacifying the mind and strengthening the concentration in order to allow
6603-698: The present is believed to enhance sensitivity to both the environment and one's reactions to it, thereby improving self-management and coping skills. It also provides a means to escape from dwelling on the past or worrying about the future, breaking the cycle of maladaptive cognitive patterns. Research has confirmed the validity and reliability of a weekly single-item practice quality assessment. Improvements in self-reported mindfulness and psychological symptoms were predicted by increases in practice quality, although no similar effects were observed for behavioral mindfulness. Additionally, longer practice sessions were associated with better practice quality. Scientific evidence of
6696-440: The present moment. The practice of mindfulness can be utilized to gradually develop self-knowledge and wisdom. In this regard, Buddhist teachings provide detailed instructions on how one can carry out an inquiry into the nature of the mind, and this guidance can help one to make sense of one's subjective experience. This could include understanding what the "present moment" is, how various thoughts, etc., arise following input from
6789-488: The progressive acquisition of mindful awareness, of mindfulness". The MBSR program is an eight-week workshop conducted by certified trainers, consisting of weekly group meetings (2.5 hours each) and a one-day retreat (seven-hour mindfulness practice) between sessions six and seven. Participants are also assigned daily homework (45 minutes) and instructed in three primary techniques: mindfulness meditation, body scanning, and simple yoga postures. Group discussions and exploration—of
6882-456: The proper discrimination of the moral valence of phenomena as they arise." Georges Dreyfus has also expressed unease with the definition of mindfulness as "bare attention" or "nonelaborative, nonjudgmental, present-centered awareness", stressing that mindfulness in a Buddhist context also means "remembering", which indicates that the function of mindfulness also includes the retention of information. Robert H. Sharf notes that Buddhist practice
6975-546: The psychological habit of repeatedly dwelling on stressful thoughts appears to intensify the physiological effects of the stressor (as a result of the continual activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis) with the potential to lead to physical-health-related clinical manifestations. Studies indicate that mindfulness meditation, which brings about reductions in rumination , may alter these biological clinical pathways. Further, research indicates that mindfulness may favorably influence
7068-512: The self-regulation of attention so that it is maintained on immediate experience, thereby allowing for increased recognition of mental events in the present moment. The second component involves adopting a particular orientation toward one's experiences in the present moment, an orientation that is characterized by curiosity, openness, and acceptance. In this two-component model, self-regulated attention (the first component) "involves bringing awareness to current experience—observing and attending to
7161-439: The senses, the conditioned nature of thoughts, and other realizations. In Buddhist teachings, ultimate wisdom refers to gaining deep insight into all phenomena or "seeing things as they are." Mindfulness as a modern, Western practice is founded on Zen and modern Vipassanā , and involves the training of sati, which means "moment to moment awareness of present events", but also "remembering to be aware of something". Sati
7254-455: The so-called Anti-Monopoly game of an economics professor infringed their trademark. The dispute extended up to the U.S. Supreme Court , which ruled against them, saying that while they have exclusive rights to the game Monopoly , they cannot prevent others from using the word " monopoly " in the name of a game. In 1985, General Mills's toy division was separated from its parent as Kenner Parker Toys, Inc. There were many potential acquirers of
7347-441: The term mindfulness is often interpreted differently than what was originally formulated by the Buddha. In the context of Buddhism, he offers the following definition: Mindfulness means to remember to observe how mind's attention moves from one thing to another. The first part of Mindfulness is to remember to watch the mind and remember to return to your object of meditation when you have wandered off. The second part of Mindfulness
7440-518: The terms by interacting with General Mills on its website in various ways, such as downloading coupons, subscribing to newsletters, or participating in Internet forums hosted on the website. The New York Times stated that the agreement could be interpreted to additionally construe purchasing General Mills products at a grocery store or liking the company's Facebook page as assent to the terms; General Mills disclaimed that interpretation, calling it
7533-506: The topic of extensive debate and discussion. According to Bryan Levman, "the word sati incorporates the meaning of 'memory' and 'remembrance' in much of its usage in both the suttas and the [traditional Buddhist] commentary, and ... without the memory component, the notion of mindfulness cannot be properly understood or applied, as mindfulness requires memory for its effectiveness". According to Robert Sharf, smṛti originally meant "to remember", "to recollect", "to bear in mind", as in
7626-514: The toy industry was in 1965. The company bought Rainbow Crafts , which was the manufacturer of Play-Doh . General Mills's purchase of the company was significant because it brought production costs down and tripled the revenue. In 1967, General Mills bought the Kenner toy company. General Mills came out with their "monster cereals" in the 1970s. The cereals are now produced and sold seasonally around Halloween . In 1970, General Mills acquired
7719-405: The translation of sati and smṛti as mindfulness is confusing. A number of Buddhist scholars have started trying to establish "retention" as the preferred alternative. Bhikkhu Bodhi also describes the meaning of sati as "memory". The terms sati / smṛti have been translated as: A.M. Hayes and G. Feldman have highlighted that mindfulness can be seen as a strategy that stands in contrast to
7812-588: The treatment of drug addiction . Programs based on mindfulness models have been adopted within schools, prisons, hospitals, veterans' centers, and other environments, and mindfulness programs have been applied for additional outcomes such as for healthy aging , weight management , athletic performance, helping children with special needs , and as an intervention during early pregnancy. Clinical studies have documented both physical- and mental-health benefits of mindfulness in different patient categories as well as in healthy adults and children. Studies have shown
7905-482: The use of larger sample-sizes . While mindfulness-based interventions may be effective for youth, research has not determined methods in which mindfulness could be introduced and delivered in schools. Mindfulness practice involves the process of developing the skill of bringing one's attention to whatever is happening in the present moment. There are several exercises designed to develop mindfulness meditation, which may be aided by guided meditations "to get
7998-887: The well-being of those who are caregivers, specifically mothers, for youth struggling with substance use disorders. Mindfulness-based interventions allowed for the mothers to experience a decrease in stress as well as a better relationship with themselves which resulted in improved interpersonal relationships. It has been demonstrated that mindfulness-based stress reduction has beneficial impacts on healthy individuals as well as suffering individuals and those close to suffering individuals. Roca et al. (2019) conducted an 8-week mindfulness-based stress reduction program for healthy participants. Five pillars of MBSR, including mindfulness, compassion, psychological well-being, psychological distress, and emotional-cognitive control were identified. Participants psychological functioning were examined and assessed using questionnaires. Mindfulness and overall well-being
8091-458: The work of insight, which leads to liberation . Vipassanā-meditation has gained popularity in the west through the modern Buddhist vipassana movement, modeled after Theravāda Buddhism meditation practices, which employs vipassanā and ānāpāna meditation as its primary techniques and places emphasis on the teachings of the Satipaṭṭhāna Sutta. General Mills General Mills, Inc.
8184-470: Was found to be not more effective than traditional Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and showed only moderate efficacy compared to other active treatments. Evidence suggests efficacy of mindfulness meditation in the treatment of substance use disorders . Mindfulness training may also be beneficial for people with fibromyalgia . In addition, recent research has explored the ability of mindfulness-based stress reduction to increase self-compassion and enhance
8277-767: Was listed on the database on account of the activities of its subsidiary General Mills Israel in Israeli settlements in these occupied territories, which some have argued is illegal under international law . General Mills's breakfast cereals include: Some brands are marketed outside the US and Canada by the Cereal Partners joint venture using the Nestlé brand. General Mills' past and current cereal collaborations include: General Mills cereals no longer manufactured include: The company's baking-goods brands include: It also produces fruit snacks , including Fruit by
8370-572: Was officially described as a "merger". Since 2004, General Mills has been producing more products targeted to the growing ranks of health-conscious consumers. The company has chosen to switch its entire breakfast cereal line to whole grain . The company also started manufacturing their child-targeted cereals with less sugar. General Mills has reduced the level of sugar in all cereals advertised to children to 11 grams per serving. In April 2011, General Mills announced that it will switch all 1 million eggs it uses each year to cage-free. General Mills
8463-627: Was ranked #181 on the 2012 Fortune 500 list of America's largest corporations, 161 in 2015 and was the third-largest food consumer products company in the United States. During June 2012, the company's vice-president for diversity stated that General Mills opposes a Minnesota amendment banning gay marriage, stating that the company values "inclusion". The company received positive feedback for its stand which might attract people to its global workforce. The company announced in September 2014 that it would acquire organic food producer Annie's Inc. for
8556-493: Was short-lived. Talbots was purchased by a Japanese company, then known as JUSCO , and the Spiegel company purchased Bauer. Spiegel later declared bankruptcy, yet Bauer still remains, albeit in a smaller presence in the United States today. From 1976 to 1985, General Mills went to court as the parent company of Parker Brothers , which held the rights on the brand name and gaming idea of the board game Monopoly , claiming that
8649-399: Was significant between the five pillars observed. Mindfulness-based interventions and their impact have become prevalent in every-day life, especially when rooted in an academic setting. After interviewing children, of the average age of 11, it was apparent that mindfulness had contributed to their ability to regulate their emotions. In addition to these findings, these children expressed that
#649350