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123-418: Mid 20th Century 1970s and 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s and 2020s The term Mini-Estrella ( Spanish for "Mini-Star") is used in lucha libre to describe a division of short professional wrestlers or luchadors , some of whom have dwarfism . The Mexican Mini-Estrellas are comparable to midget wrestlers who compete internationally, but with the notable exception that some of
246-505: A Lucha de Apuestas match as a "punishment" for losing the tag team match. For most of the match Ángel Mortal and Marabunta did not wrestle against each other while Winners and Super Caló only faced off once during the match. Marabunta forced Super Caló to submit, then moments later his Los Diabolicos Ángel Mortal pinned Marabunta to even the sides. Moments later Winners applied a submission hold, forcing Ángel Mortal to tap out. THis allowed Winners and Marabunta to escape with their masks for
369-446: A Luchas de Apuestas match to Octagoncito 10 days earlier he was not allowed to compete in the match since he had no hair to "bet" on the match. Initially Espectrito I and his brothers, Espectrito II and La Parkita, tried to keep him in the ring but eventually the other 10 Mini-Estrellas ganged up on him and threw him out of the door of the cage. When the bell run the only way to get out of the match with their mask would be to climb over
492-697: A Mini-Estrellas championship. Spanish language Spanish ( español ) or Castilian ( castellano ) is a Romance language of the Indo-European language family that evolved from the Vulgar Latin spoken on the Iberian Peninsula of Europe . Today, it is a global language with about 500 million native speakers, mainly in the Americas and Spain , and about 600 million when including second language speakers. Spanish
615-568: A high-flying wrestling style for a number of the Mini-Estrellas , especially in recent years. Some wrestlers such as Mascarita Dorada are able to perform moves that his regular sized counterpart would have a hard time executing. Not all performers in the Mini-Estrella division are able to work a high flying style, especially those with more severe forms of dwarfism work a more grounded style. The first Mini-Estrellas championship
738-516: A Dos Leyendas show. At Triplemanía III-B Perro accompanied his son to the ring as he made his debut against Juventud Guerrera , son of Fuerza Guerrera who was at ringside with his son as well. During the match Fuerza Guerra interfered in the match, helping his son gain a victory over Perro Jr. That match started a father/son storyline between the Aguayos and the Guerrera family and would include
861-604: A Spanish-based creole language called Chavacano developed in the southern Philippines. However, it is not mutually intelligible with Spanish. The number of Chavacano-speakers was estimated at 1.2 million in 1996. The local languages of the Philippines also retain significant Spanish influence, with many words derived from Mexican Spanish , owing to the administration of the islands by Spain through New Spain until 1821, until direct governance from Madrid afterwards to 1898. Tripleman%C3%ADa III-A Triplemanía III-A
984-519: A character supposed to be his rival in Pentagón Jr. In the summer of 2013 the wrestler playing Octagón Jr. left AAA for WWE , cutting any planned storylines short. The storyline between the team of Winners/Super Caló and Los Diabolicos led to Winners and Marabunta facing off in a Lucha de Apuestas match at the subsequent Triplemanía III-B on June 18, 1995. Winners defeated Marabunta, forcing him to unmask and reveal his real name. As part of
1107-603: A considerable number of words from Arabic , as well as a minor influence from the Germanic Gothic language through the period of Visigoth rule in Iberia. In addition, many more words were borrowed from Latin through the influence of written language and the liturgical language of the Church. The loanwords were taken from both Classical Latin and Renaissance Latin , the form of Latin in use at that time. According to
1230-575: A deal with the Televisa television network AAA held their first show in April, 1992. The following year Peña and AAA held their first Triplemanía event, building it into an annual event that would become AAA's Super Bowl event, similar to the WWE 's WrestleMania being the biggest show of the year. The 1995 Triplemanía was the third year in a row AAA held a Triplemanía show and the fifth overall show under
1353-522: A dramatic change in the pronunciation of its sibilant consonants , known in Spanish as the reajuste de las sibilantes , which resulted in the distinctive velar [x] pronunciation of the letter ⟨j⟩ and—in a large part of Spain—the characteristic interdental [θ] ("th-sound") for the letter ⟨z⟩ (and for ⟨c⟩ before ⟨e⟩ or ⟨i⟩ ). See History of Spanish (Modern development of
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#17328018046131476-482: A first language by Spaniards and educated Filipinos ( Ilustrados ). Despite a public education system set up by the colonial government, by the end of Spanish rule in 1898, only about 10% of the population had knowledge of Spanish, mostly those of Spanish descent or elite standing. Spanish continued to be official and used in Philippine literature and press during the early years of American administration after
1599-423: A glass beer bottle over Aguayo's head, causing him to bleed so badly that he had to be taken from the arena on a stretcher. In the end Cien Caras pinned Konnan setting up the team rivalry with Cien Caras and Máscara Año 2000 against Konnan and Perro Aguayo, a feud that would be featured on all three Triplemanía III shows. In the early 1990s then- Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) Promoter Antonio Peña created
1722-478: A long history in the territory of the current-day United States dating back to the 16th century. In the wake of the 1848 Guadalupe Hidalgo Treaty , hundreds of thousands of Spanish speakers became a minoritized community in the United States. The 20th century saw further massive growth of Spanish speakers in areas where they had been hitherto scarce. According to the 2020 census, over 60 million people of
1845-404: A mask that covered almost his entire face and ring gear that covered everything but his fingertips. The storyline between Octagón and his "evil twin" stretched into 2002 where Octagón finally unmasked Pentagón, although at this time it was a third man under the mask. AAA originally intended to carry the storyline forward into the next "generation" as they introduced Octagón Jr. in 2012 as well as
1968-462: A mistake by Payasito Rojo and climbed out of the cage as the last man. With his victory he was given credit for Payacito Rojo's mask loss. Following the match Payacito Rojo removed his mask and announced that his real name was Raymundo Rodriguez, better known to the wrestling fans as "Piratita Morgan" ("Little Morgan the Pirate"). This show marked the last time that Raymundo Rodriguez worked under
2091-508: A primarily Hassaniya Arabic -speaking territory, Spanish was officially spoken as the language of the colonial administration during the late 19th and 20th centuries. Today, Spanish is present in the partially-recognized Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic as its secondary official language, and in the Sahrawi refugee camps in Tindouf ( Algeria ), where the Spanish language is still taught as
2214-519: A rival and distorted mirror image of Octagón. Pentagón made his in-ring debut a month prior to Triplemanía III-A but the in-ring interaction between Pentagón and Octagón had deliberately been limited by AAA, mainly with Pentagón doing sneak attacks during matches leading up to the show. Triplemanía III-A marked the first time the two rivals truly faced off in the ring. On November 6, 1994 then- Mexican National Light Heavyweight Champion La Parka teamed up with Jerry Estrada and Blue Panther , losing to
2337-617: A second language features characteristics involving the variability of the vowel system. While far from its heyday during the Spanish protectorate in Morocco , the Spanish language has some presence in northern Morocco , stemming for example from the availability of certain Spanish-language media. According to a 2012 survey by Morocco's Royal Institute for Strategic Studies (IRES), penetration of Spanish in Morocco reaches 4.6% of
2460-531: A second language, largely by Cuban educators. The number of Spanish speakers is unknown. Spanish is also an official language of the African Union . Spanish was an official language of the Philippines from the beginning of Spanish administration in 1565 to a constitutional change in 1973. During Spanish colonization , it was the language of government, trade, and education, and was spoken as
2583-500: A separate division. Since the Mini-Estrella division is not restricted only to people with Dwarfism some wrestlers have moved on from the Mini-Estrellas division to the regular sized division, especially some of the competitors over the 1.53 m (5 ft 0 in) height limit the division originally had. Mike Segura originally worked as Orito (a mini version of Oro ) in CMLL, but when he began working for AAA he began working in
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#17328018046132706-618: A tag team match with both championships on the line. In the end Cien Caras and Máscara Año 2000 retained their championships when Perro Aguayo was disqualified in the third and final fall of the match. Konnan would later on move to World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and work in the United States for years, putting an end to his rivalry with Cien Caras. Aguayo's rivalry with Cien Caras and Máscara Año 2000 would carry on for years, even beyond Aguayo's initial retirement from wrestling as Cien Caras and Máscara Año 2000 brought him back for one more Luchas de Apuestas match as part of CMLL's 2006 Homenaje
2829-594: A team of international wrestling stars The Pegasus Kid , 2 Cold Scorpio , and Tito Santana as part of the AAA When Worlds Collide pay-per-view (PPV). In the weeks following the team loss Jerry Estrada turned on La Parka, turning the increasingly popular La Parka to the técnicos side as Estrada demanded a match for the Mexican National Light Heavyweight Championship. On March 28, 1995 Estrada won
2952-427: A wrestling match or series of matches. Initial plans for the 1995 Triplemanía III series of events included a storyline where Los Gringos Locos members Eddy Guerrero and Art Barr would turn on teammate Konnan in the fall of 1994. This was supposed to turn técnico and set up a Lucha de Apuestas , or bet match, between Konnan and Art Barr where both would put their hair on the line. AAA booker Antonio Peña
3075-464: A year after unmasking, before being given a new ring character, bringing him back as the masked "Abismo Negro" ("Black Abyss"), playing a cheating rudo character, totally opposite of the character he portrayed while working as Winners. Super Caló would be unmasked at Triplemanía XV under similar circumstances as he was forced to wrestle his tag team partner Super Fly as a result of losing an earlier tag team match to Laredo Kid and Gran Apache . In
3198-546: Is Mexico . Spanish is part of the Ibero-Romance language group , in which the language is also known as Castilian ( castellano ). The group evolved from several dialects of Vulgar Latin in Iberia after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century. The oldest Latin texts with traces of Spanish come from mid-northern Iberia in the 9th century, and the first systematic written use of
3321-416: Is cognate to the root word of satisfacer ("to satisfy"), and hecho ("made") is similarly cognate to the root word of satisfecho ("satisfied"). Compare the examples in the following table: Some consonant clusters of Latin also produced characteristically different results in these languages, as shown in the examples in the following table: In the 15th and 16th centuries, Spanish underwent
3444-413: Is also one of the most taught foreign languages throughout the world. Spanish is well represented in the humanities and social sciences . Spanish is also the third most used language on the internet by number of users after English and Chinese and the second most used language by number of websites after English. Spanish is used as an official language by many international organizations , including
3567-636: Is based on. In 2007, then reigning Mexican National Mini-Estrellas Champion, Mascarita Sagrada 2000 left AAA while still holding the championship; he later appeared in CMLL, repackaged as "Mascarita Dorada" but the announcers still mentioned the fact that he was the Mexican National Mini-Estrella Champion. Since his initial appearance as Mascarita Dorada the Mexican National Mini-Estrellas Championship has not been mentioned and
3690-937: Is considered inactive. Following the loss of the Mexican National title AAA decided to create a new title, the AAA World Mini-Estrellas Championship as the centerpiece of their Mini-Estrellas division, won by Mini Charly Manson . On January 11, 2009, CMLL promoted their first pay-per-view (PPV) show with the Minis division in the main event. At La Hora Cero 13 minis competed in CMLL's first ever Infierno en el Ring for Mini-Estrellas . The match saw Pierrothito defeat and unmask Shockercito after Cosmico , Eléctrico , Niño de Acero , Fantasy , Mascarita Dorada , Pequeño Ninja, Pequeno Olimpico , Pequeño Warrior , Tzuki , Ultimo Dragoncito and Pequeño Universo 2000 all had escaped
3813-454: Is estimated that about 486 million people speak Spanish as a native language , making it the second most spoken language by number of native speakers . An additional 75 million speak Spanish as a second or foreign language , making it the fourth most spoken language in the world overall after English, Mandarin Chinese, and Hindi with a total number of 538 million speakers. Spanish is also
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3936-761: Is heavily influenced by Venezuelan Spanish. In addition to sharing most of its borders with Spanish-speaking countries, the creation of Mercosur in the early 1990s induced a favorable situation for the promotion of Spanish language teaching in Brazil . In 2005, the National Congress of Brazil approved a bill, signed into law by the President , making it mandatory for schools to offer Spanish as an alternative foreign language course in both public and private secondary schools in Brazil. In September 2016 this law
4059-844: Is spoken by very small communities in Angola due to Cuban influence from the Cold War and in South Sudan among South Sudanese natives that relocated to Cuba during the Sudanese wars and returned for their country's independence. Spanish is also spoken in the integral territories of Spain in Africa, namely the cities of Ceuta and Melilla and the Canary Islands , located in the Atlantic Ocean some 100 km (62 mi) off
4182-813: Is the de facto national language of the country, Spanish is often used in public services and notices at the federal and state levels. Spanish is also used in administration in the state of New Mexico . The language has a strong influence in major metropolitan areas such as those of Los Angeles , Miami , San Antonio , New York , San Francisco , Dallas , Tucson and Phoenix of the Arizona Sun Corridor , as well as more recently, Chicago , Las Vegas , Boston , Denver , Houston , Indianapolis , Philadelphia , Cleveland , Salt Lake City , Atlanta , Nashville , Orlando , Tampa , Raleigh and Baltimore-Washington, D.C. due to 20th- and 21st-century immigration. Although Spanish has no official recognition in
4305-498: Is the official language of 20 countries , as well as one of the six official languages of the United Nations . Spanish is the world's second-most spoken native language after Mandarin Chinese ; the world's fourth-most spoken language overall after English , Mandarin Chinese, and Hindustani ( Hindi - Urdu ); and the world's most widely spoken Romance language. The country with the largest population of native speakers
4428-719: Is the only US based promotion to have created a specific Mini-Estrella championship, created in 2009. In 1997 the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, later WWE) and AAA began a talent sharing program, which allowed several Mini-Estrellas wrestlers to compete on WWF television. These wrestlers included Mascarita Sagrada, La Parkita and several AAA Mini-Estrellas that were given new gimmicks for their WWF appearances including Max Mini (formerly Máscarita Sagrada Jr.), El Torito (Espectrito), Mini Goldust (Mini Karis La Momia) and Mini Vader (Piratita Morgan). Mascarita Sagrada originally wrestled under his normal name but
4551-578: Is usually assumed to be derived from castillo ('castle'). In the Middle Ages , the language spoken in Castile was generically referred to as Romance and later also as Lengua vulgar . Later in the period, it gained geographical specification as Romance castellano ( romanz castellano , romanz de Castiella ), lenguaje de Castiella , and ultimately simply as castellano (noun). Different etymologies have been suggested for
4674-551: The Mini-Estrellas concept, building on the classic midget wrestling concept but adding a Lucha libre flair to it. When Peña left CMLL to form AAA he made sure the Mini-Estrellas were given a strong presence on the shows and for Triplemanía III-A they were actually given the main event slot. Building off several individual storylines between the Mini-Estrellas AAA promoted a 13-man steel cage match where
4797-492: The Mexican National Trios Championship on two occasions prior to Triplemanía III-A. Los Villanos won the first fall when they simultaneously pinned all three Payasos and then won the second fall by disqualification when Los Payasos pulled off Los Villanos masks to cause the disqualification, giving Los Villanos the match two falls to none. The fifth match of the night was one of
4920-750: The Mini-Estrella division was featured in the first ever Mini-Estrellas Eight-man "Atómicos" tag team match as Torerito, Super Muñequito, Octagoncito and Mascarita Sagrada defeated Fuercita Guerrera, La Parkita, Espectrito I and Espectrito I when Super Muñequito pinned Espectrito I. Super Muñequito would later lose the Mexican National Mini-Estrella Championship to Espectrito I as part of their long running rivalry. Cien Caras and Máscara Año 2000 would go on to Triplemanía III-B where they defended their UWA World Heavyweight Championship and IWC World Heavyweight Championship respectively against Perro Aguayo and Konnan in
5043-603: The Mini-Estrellas as a specific division. Often the Mini-Estrellas are brought in for a "special attraction" match such the World Wrestling Council 's 19th and 22nd anniversary shows that featured Mascarita Sagrada and other Minis . World Championship Wrestling (WCW) also invited the Mini-Estrellas to appear on one of their shows, a pre-PPV match at the 1996 Starrcade where Mascarita Sagrada and Octagóncito defeated Jerrito Estrada and Piratita Morgan . Northern California based Pro Wrestling Revolution (PWR)
Mini-Estrella - Misplaced Pages Continue
5166-406: The Mini-Estrellas division, with the winner "graduating" to the regular sized division. The tournament consisted of two torneo cibernetico elimination matches with the winner of each facing off in a singles match on August 24. Demus 3:16 won the first cibernetico , defeating Eléctrico , Saturno , Fantasy , Pequeño Olímpico , Pequeño Nitro , Pequeño Violencia and Cisne to earn a place in
5289-410: The Mini-Estrellas do not have dwarfism but are simply short. Some Mini-Estrellas have later on moved on to work as regular sized competitors. The Mini-Estrellas have been featured in several promotions outside Mexico, most notably World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). Originally the height limit for the Minis division as set by Mexican lucha commissions
5412-568: The Spanish as a First Foreign Language (SAFFL) initiative in March 2005. Spanish has historically had a significant presence on the Dutch Caribbean islands of Aruba , Bonaire and Curaçao ( ABC Islands ) throughout the centuries and in present times. The majority of the populations of each island (especially Aruba) speaking Spanish at varying although often high degrees of fluency. The local language Papiamentu (Papiamento on Aruba)
5535-508: The Spanish–American War but was eventually replaced by English as the primary language of administration and education by the 1920s. Nevertheless, despite a significant decrease in influence and speakers, Spanish remained an official language of the Philippines upon independence in 1946, alongside English and Filipino , a standardized version of Tagalog . Spanish was briefly removed from official status in 1973 but reimplemented under
5658-820: The United Nations , European Union , Organization of American States , Union of South American Nations , Community of Latin American and Caribbean States , African Union , among others. In Spain and some other parts of the Spanish-speaking world, Spanish is called not only español but also castellano (Castilian), the language from the Kingdom of Castile , contrasting it with other languages spoken in Spain such as Galician , Basque , Asturian , Catalan/Valencian , Aragonese , Occitan and other minor languages. The Spanish Constitution of 1978 uses
5781-552: The Universal Wrestling Association (UWA), La Sirenita , Irma Gonzales and Irma Aguilar. The UWA trio was working the show due to a work agreement with the UWA, a promotion that was one of the major Mexican promotions in the 1970s and 1980s but by 1994 was close to going out of business and actually would close in 1995. Villalobos, La Nazi and Neftali defeated the UWA trio, although no records indicated who
5904-629: The World Wrestling Association (WWA) briefly promoted Mini-Estrella divisions, but neither promotion gained the success of CMLL and AAA. AAA would later promote two other Mini-Estrella championships, the IWC and the LLL Mini-Estrellas championships, but both were later abandoned. The success of the Mini-Estrella division was evident as AAA put them in the main event of Triplemanía III-A , one of AAA's biggest shows of
6027-405: The " Mini-Estrellas " division. The participants included Ninjita, Espectrito I , Espectrito II , Jerrito Estrada , Fuercita Guerrera, Mascarita Sagrada , Mini Calo, Octagoncito , La Parkita , Payasito Rojo , Payasito Azul, Super Muñequito , and Torerito. This marked the first and so far only time that the "Minis division" was featured in the main event of a Triplemanía. The show also featured
6150-591: The 1995 Triplemanía III event a series of shows, spread out over several weeks, serving as the Super Bowl of AAA's year. The first two Triplemanía III shows were supposed to take place in late April, but for reason that have not been revealed the first show had to be canceled on the day of the event, leading to a second Triplemanía III show in Arena Rio Nilo in Guadalajara, Jalisco to be changed at
6273-404: The 2021–2022 school year alone. The local business process outsourcing industry has also helped boost the language's economic prospects. Today, while the actual number of proficient Spanish speakers is around 400,000, or under 0.5% of the population, a new generation of Spanish speakers in the Philippines has likewise emerged, though speaker estimates vary widely. Aside from standard Spanish,
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#17328018046136396-595: The 20th century, Spanish was introduced to Equatorial Guinea and the Western Sahara , and to areas of the United States that had not been part of the Spanish Empire, such as Spanish Harlem in New York City . For details on borrowed words and other external influences upon Spanish, see Influences on the Spanish language . Spanish is the primary language in 20 countries worldwide. As of 2023, it
6519-654: The Equatoguinean education system and is the primary language used in government and business. Whereas it is not the mother tongue of virtually any of its speakers, the vast majority of the population is proficient in Spanish. The Instituto Cervantes estimates that 87.7% of the population is fluent in Spanish. The proportion of proficient Spanish speakers in Equatorial Guinea exceeds the proportion of proficient speakers in other West and Central African nations of their respective colonial languages. Spanish
6642-705: The Iberian Peninsula. These languages included Proto-Basque , Iberian , Lusitanian , Celtiberian and Gallaecian . The first documents to show traces of what is today regarded as the precursor of modern Spanish are from the 9th century. Throughout the Middle Ages and into the modern era , the most important influences on the Spanish lexicon came from neighboring Romance languages — Mozarabic ( Andalusi Romance ), Navarro-Aragonese , Leonese , Catalan/Valencian , Portuguese , Galician , Occitan , and later, French and Italian . Spanish also borrowed
6765-413: The Mexican National Light Heavyweight Championship from Jerry Estrada as their feud continued into 1996. The storyline between Octagón and Pentagón would continue to evolve, stretching out for several years, including the original Pentagón being replaced in 1996 when he had to retire due to health problems. The replacement of the original Pentagón was never officially acknowledged by AAA since Pentagón wore
6888-540: The Old Spanish sibilants) for details. The Gramática de la lengua castellana , written in Salamanca in 1492 by Elio Antonio de Nebrija , was the first grammar written for a modern European language. According to a popular anecdote, when Nebrija presented it to Queen Isabella I , she asked him what was the use of such a work, and he answered that language is the instrument of empire. In his introduction to
7011-589: The Royal Spanish Academy) states that, although the Royal Spanish Academy prefers to use the term español in its publications when referring to the Spanish language, both terms— español and castellano —are regarded as synonymous and equally valid. The term castellano is related to Castile ( Castilla or archaically Castiella ), the kingdom where the language was originally spoken. The name Castile , in turn,
7134-452: The State. ... The other Spanish languages shall also be official in their respective Autonomous Communities... The Royal Spanish Academy ( Real Academia Española ), on the other hand, currently uses the term español in its publications. However, from 1713 to 1923, it called the language castellano . The Diccionario panhispánico de dudas (a language guide published by
7257-549: The Triplemanía banner. The Triplemanía show featured seven professional wrestling matches with different wrestlers involved in pre-existing scripted feuds, plots and storylines . Wrestlers were portrayed as either heels (referred to as rudos in Mexico, those that portray the "bad guys") or faces ( técnicos in Mexico, the "good guy" characters) as they followed a series of tension-building events, which culminated in
7380-502: The U.S. population were of Hispanic or Hispanic American by origin. In turn, 41.8 million people in the United States aged five or older speak Spanish at home, or about 13% of the population. Spanish predominates in the unincorporated territory of Puerto Rico , where it is also an official language along with English. Spanish is by far the most common second language in the country, with over 50 million total speakers if non-native or second-language speakers are included. While English
7503-431: The UWA. When the group joined AAA Black Power was replaced by a mask wrestler known as Misionero, which may have been Black Power under a mask or possibly former Misionero Rocky Santana , but the identity was never confirmed. Los Misioneros defeated Torero, Mexicano and Dragón de Oro. The third match of the night was also the first match to be shown on AAA later on, first airing on July 1, 1994 on Televisa along with
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#17328018046137626-492: The WWF/AAA talent sharing agreement ended and all Mini-Estrellas stopped working in the United States. In October 2005 WWE created a "Juniors division" exclusive to their SmackDown! brand. The division featured a number of Minis from Mexico that mainly appeared in backstage skits of a comedic nature but would also occasionally wrestle. The Juniors division included Mascarita Sagrada, Tsuki, Octagoncito and Pequeño Violencia ;
7749-457: The administration of Ferdinand Marcos two months later. It remained an official language until the ratification of the present constitution in 1987, in which it was re-designated as a voluntary and optional auxiliary language. Additionally, the constitution, in its Article XIV, stipulates that the Government shall provide the people of the Philippines with a Spanish-language translation of
7872-421: The cage and blocked Octagoncito's exit. Later on he did the same to Super Muñequito preventing him from leaving so that Espectrito II would not end up losing the match. After fighting on top of the cage, then while clinging to the outside of the cage Espectrito II jumped to the floor safely, followed moments later by Octagoncito. After wrestling against each other for a minute or two Super Muñequito took advantage of
7995-518: The cage match was the feud between and Espectrito I , who had back up in the form of his younger brothers Espectrito II and La Parkita . Octagoncito . Octagoncito had actually defeated Espectrito I in a Lucha de Apuestas match on May 31, 1995 forcing the Mini-Estrella to be shaved bald after the match only 10 days before the show. Others included in the cage match included former Mexican National Mini-Estrellas Champion Furcito Guerrera , Jerrito Estrada , Mini Calo, Torerito and Ninjita. One of
8118-419: The cage. Later on in 2009 CMLL would hold another "all Minis " cage match as well as a match that saw Minis and regular sized wrestlers compete against each other. AAA's Mascota tag team title was abandoned in 2009 when the then reigning champions El Alebrije and Cuije left AAA. The Mini-Estrellas have not been restricted to working outside Mexico, although Mexico is the only country to regularly promote
8241-523: The champion despite not having worked as a Mini-Estrella for over a year. Instead of making Virus return to the Minis division to lose the title CMLL decided to give the championship to Ultimo Dragoncito and then subsequently announce that Ultimo Dragoncito had "won" the title on an undisclosed day in October 1999. CMLL held a "Bicentennial tournament" in August 2010 to commemorate the 18th anniversary of
8364-505: The championship from La Parka in a high profile match in Matamoros, Tamaulipas as part of the long running storyline between the two. For Triplemanía III-A the two found themselves on opposite sides of each other in an eight-man "Atómicos" tag team match that paired up four high profile feuds of the time between Konnan and Cien Caras, Perro Aguayo and Máscara Año 2000, La Parka and Jerry Estrada and finally Octagón and Pentagón to complete
8487-684: The classic hispanus or hispanicus took the suffix -one from Vulgar Latin , as happened with other words such as bretón (Breton) or sajón (Saxon). Like the other Romance languages , the Spanish language evolved from Vulgar Latin , which was brought to the Iberian Peninsula by the Romans during the Second Punic War , beginning in 210 BC. Several pre-Roman languages (also called Paleohispanic languages )—some distantly related to Latin as Indo-European languages , and some that are not related at all—were previously spoken in
8610-500: The consonant written b (a bilabial with plosive and fricative allophones). In modern Spanish, there is no difference between the pronunciation of orthographic b and v . Typical of Spanish (as also of neighboring Gascon extending as far north as the Gironde estuary , and found in a small area of Calabria ), attributed by some scholars to a Basque substratum was the mutation of Latin initial f into h- whenever it
8733-404: The country's constitution. In recent years changing attitudes among non-Spanish speaking Filipinos have helped spur a revival of the language, and starting in 2009 Spanish was reintroduced as part of the basic education curriculum in a number of public high schools, becoming the largest foreign language program offered by the public school system, with over 7,000 students studying the language in
8856-611: The division also included Super Porky , who had never worked in the Mini-Estrella division in Mexico. Super Porky only appeared in backstage skits but did not wrestle. By March 2006 WWE gave up on the Juniors division and released all the Minis . The US-based Lucha Libre USA began promoting in 2010 and featured several Mini-Estrellas , unlike in Mexican promotions, Mini-Estrellas such as Mascarita Dorada and Pequeño Halloween compete against regular sized competitors instead of in
8979-406: The division. In the early 1990s Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL), Mexico's oldest wrestling promotion, created a new concept, the Mini-Estrella division. The division was created by Antonio Peña who worked for CMLL at the time, who came up with the idea of using both little people and short wrestlers together and to have the Mini-Estrellas work as smaller versions of popular wrestlers of
9102-418: The end the técnicos;; side of Aguayo, Konnan, La Parka and Octagón won the match. The main even steel cage match included referees on the outside of the cage to determine when a wrestler had successfully left the cage and a special Mini-Estrella referee, El Tirantio (a shorter version of referee El Tirantes ) inside the cage. During the introductions it was announced that since Espectrito I has just lost
9225-409: The fan reaction Super Caló and Winners were getting without, in their opinion, earning it by proving themselves in the ring. In the weeks prior to Triplemanía Los Diabolicos had faced off against Super Caló and Winners, often in six-man tag team match with the third Diabolic Mr. Condor against Caló, Winners and various young tecnicos . During those matches Los Diabolicos would often either steal
9348-475: The featured matches of the night as Super Caló teamed up with rival Ángel Mortal to fight against Winners and Marabunta in what is called a Relevos Increibles Suicidas ("Incredible pairs suicide" match). The concept of that type of match is that two storyline enemies are forced to team together against another team of rivals, in this case their opponents were also their regular tag team partners. The losing team would then be forced to wrestle against each other in
9471-513: The finals. The second torneo cibernetico took place on August 17, 2010, and was won by Pierrothito. On August 24, 2010, Demus 3:16 defeated Pierrothito in the finals of the tournament to earn his way out of the Mini-Estrella division. In March 2011, Demus 3:16 wrestled Virus in a hair vs. hair mask. Demus 3:16 lost the match and after that he returned to the minis division. Since Mini-Estrella wrestlers are smaller and possess less muscle bulk than heavyweights or even cruiserweights it lends to
9594-558: The first ever Luchas de Apuestas matches in the Mini-Estrella division. AAA would later create another "first" in the Mini-Estrellas division as they created Los Mini Vipers , a Mini version of the Los Vipers stable. In 2002 AAA created the AAA Mascot Tag Team Championship , the first and so far only tag team championship for teams consisting of a Mini-Estrella and the regular sized wrestler he
9717-604: The first of three Lucha de Apuestas , mask vs. mask match series for the Triplemanía III shows as the culmination of a storyline feud between the tecnico team ( faces , those that portray the good guys) of Super Caló and Winners against the Rudo ( heels , those that portray the bad guys) team known as Los Diabolicos ("The Diabolical Ones"; Ángel Mortal and Marabunta). Six of the eight matches were later shown on AAA's weekly Televisa show. In early 1992 Antonio Peña
9840-683: The following table: Spanish is marked by palatalization of the Latin double consonants ( geminates ) nn and ll (thus Latin annum > Spanish año , and Latin anellum > Spanish anillo ). The consonant written u or v in Latin and pronounced [w] in Classical Latin had probably " fortified " to a bilabial fricative /β/ in Vulgar Latin. In early Spanish (but not in Catalan or Portuguese) it merged with
9963-466: The former British colony of Belize (known until 1973 as British Honduras ) where English is the sole official language, according to the 2022 census, 54% of the total population are able to speak the language. Due to its proximity to Spanish-speaking countries and small existing native Spanish speaking minority, Trinidad and Tobago has implemented Spanish language teaching into its education system. The Trinidadian and Tobagonian government launched
10086-428: The four wrestlers would be unmasked by the time the third and final Triplemanía III match was over. In 1994 AAA luchador, and star of several Luchador films Octagón was one of AAA's main draws, which let Peña to the idea to give him an Evil twin , creating an "Evil mirror image" of Octagón for him to fight against. Peña turned Jesus Andrade , previously known as Espanto Jr. into the masked "Pentagón" character,
10209-482: The fourth match and the main event steel cage match. The fourth match of the night, another traditional lucha libre [ix-man tag team match contested under best two-out-of-three falls rules featured another trio that made its name as part of the UWA but was transitioning to AAA by 1994, Los Villanos , in this case Villano I , Villano III and Villano IV facing one of AAA's top rudo trios Los Payasos ("The Clowns"; Coco Rojo, Coco Verde and Coco Amarillo) who had held
10332-604: The grammar, dated 18 August 1492, Nebrija wrote that "... language was always the companion of empire." From the 16th century onwards, the language was taken to the Spanish-discovered America and the Spanish East Indies via Spanish colonization of America . Miguel de Cervantes , author of Don Quixote , is such a well-known reference in the world that Spanish is often called la lengua de Cervantes ("the language of Cervantes"). In
10455-556: The language happened in Toledo , a prominent city of the Kingdom of Castile , in the 13th century. Spanish colonialism in the early modern period spurred the introduction of the language to overseas locations, most notably to the Americas. As a Romance language, Spanish is a descendant of Latin. Around 75% of modern Spanish vocabulary is Latin in origin, including Latin borrowings from Ancient Greek. Alongside English and French , it
10578-549: The language's hegemony in an intensely centralising Spanish state were established from the 18th century onward. Other European territories in which it is also widely spoken include Gibraltar and Andorra . Spanish is also spoken by immigrant communities in other European countries, such as the United Kingdom , France , Italy , and Germany . Spanish is an official language of the European Union . Today,
10701-443: The last moment. The show was changed so late in the day that the apron and posters in the arena advertised that the show was a Triplemanía show. The show still featured three high profile matches, starting with the trio of Perro Silva , Karloff Lagarde, Jr. and Mr. Cóndor defeating Las Gemas del Ring (Zafiro, Brillante, Diamante) in a Lucha de Apuestas match, forcing all three Gemas to unmask. The second high profile match
10824-432: The last person in the cage would be forced to unmask under Lucha de Apuestas rules. One of the focal points was the emergence of Los Payasitos ("The Little Clowns"), two Mini-Estrella versions of Los Payasos , known as Payasito Azul and Payasito Rojo as they fought against the técnicos Mascarita Sagrada and Mexican National Mini-Estrella Champion Super Muñequito on several shows. Another storyline leading up to
10947-494: The main storylines that would highlight not only Triplemanía III-A but also Triplemanía III-B and Triplemanía III-C was the feud between the two masked, young técnicos, Super Caló and Winners , fighting against the rudo team known as Los Diabolicos , in this case the two masked members Marabunta and Ángel Mortal. The basic storyline centered around two the "veteran" wrestlers in Los Diabolicos getting annoyed with
11070-694: The majority of the Spanish speakers live in Hispanic America . Nationally, Spanish is the official language—either de facto or de jure —of Argentina , Bolivia (co-official with 36 indigenous languages), Chile , Colombia , Costa Rica , Cuba , Dominican Republic , Ecuador , El Salvador , Guatemala , Honduras , Mexico (co-official with 63 indigenous languages), Nicaragua , Panama , Paraguay (co-official with Guaraní ), Peru (co-official with Quechua , Aymara , and "the other indigenous languages"), Puerto Rico (co-official with English), Uruguay , and Venezuela . Spanish language has
11193-460: The mask of their opponents, or rip the masks apart during their matches. This led to all four wrestlers signing a contract for a series of Lucha de Apuesta , or bet matches, where each competitor would wager their mask on the outcome of the match. In Lucha Libre a Lucha de Apuestas match is viewed as more prestigious than a championship match and is often promoted as the main event of major shows. The three match series would mean that three out of
11316-514: The night. Traditionally Lucha de Apuestas matches are held under "best two-out-of-three falls" rules, but due to the Relevos Increibles Suicidas stipulation Super Caló and Ángel Mortal fought in a single fall match with their masks on the line, a match Super Caló won by pinfall. Following the match Ángel Mortal tried to escape the arena but was forced back in the ring where he was unmasked and revealed that his real name
11439-734: The northwest of the African mainland. The Spanish spoken in the Canary Islands traces its origins back to the Castilian conquest in the 15th century , and, in addition to a resemblance to Western Andalusian speech patterns, it also features strong influence from the Spanish varieties spoken in the Americas, which in turn have also been influenced historically by Canarian Spanish. The Spanish spoken in North Africa by native bilingual speakers of Arabic or Berber who also speak Spanish as
11562-533: The population. Many northern Moroccans have rudimentary knowledge of Spanish, with Spanish being particularly significant in areas adjacent to Ceuta and Melilla. Spanish also has a presence in the education system of the country (through either selected education centers implementing Spain's education system, primarily located in the North, or the availability of Spanish as foreign language subject in secondary education). In Western Sahara , formerly Spanish Sahara ,
11685-424: The process a number of the Mini-Estrellas left with Peña. Among those that left CMLL were the division's two main stars, the champion Mascarita Sagrada and his rival Espectrito. Peña later created the Mexican National Mini-Estrella Championship as AAA's Mini-Estrella championship. Due to the success of both the CMLL and AAA Mini-Estrella division other promotions such as the Universal Wrestling Association and
11808-563: The regular sized division as Super Nova. Similarly Felinito wrestled in CMLL as a mini but when jumped to AAA he began wrestling in the regular sized division as Mach 1. Freelance became a regular sized wrestler after losing his mask as Panterita. In late 1997 CMLL booked an eight-man torneo cibernetico elimination match where the winner would earn the right to work in the "regular sized" division. Damiancito El Guerrero defeated Cicloncito Ramírez, Tritoncito, Pequeño Cochisse, Platita, Guerrerito del Future , Pequeño Sayama and Fierito to earn
11931-500: The right to work with "regular sized" wrestlers. In early 1998 he made his debut as part of the regular sized division under the name "Virus", no mention was made that Virus used to work as Damiancito El Guerrero or the fact that he still held the CMLL World Mini-Estrella Championship. By 1999 CMLL decided that it was time to crown a new CMLL World Mini-Estrella Champion as Virus was still technically
12054-508: The ring name "Payasito Rojo: as he resumed working as "Piratita Morgan" afterwards and later on also worked as the masked character Battalion in the World Wrestling Federation in 1997 and 1998. It was also the end of Los Payasitos in AAA as his tag team partner Payasito Azul changed his ring name to "Fuercita Guerrera", taking over the ring character for the original Fuercita Guerrera who retired not long after Triplemanía III. At Triplemanía III-B
12177-438: The storyline a third and final Lucha de Apuestas match took place on June 30, 1995 and was the main event of Triplemanía III-B Per the stipulation of the previous matches Winners and Super Caló were forced to face off against each other with their masks on the line. In the end Super Caló won, forcing Winners to unmask and reveal his real name, Andrés Alejandro Palomeque González. Palomeque continued to work as Winners for over
12300-415: The term castellano to define the official language of the whole of Spain, in contrast to las demás lenguas españolas (lit. "the other Spanish languages "). Article III reads as follows: El castellano es la lengua española oficial del Estado. ... Las demás lenguas españolas serán también oficiales en las respectivas Comunidades Autónomas... Castilian is the official Spanish language of
12423-537: The term español (Spanish). According to the Royal Spanish Academy, español derives from the Occitan word espaignol and that, in turn, derives from the Vulgar Latin * hispaniolus ('of Hispania'). Hispania was the Roman name for the entire Iberian Peninsula . There are other hypotheses apart from the one suggested by the Royal Spanish Academy. Spanish philologist Ramón Menéndez Pidal suggested that
12546-444: The theories of Ramón Menéndez Pidal , local sociolects of Vulgar Latin evolved into Spanish, in the north of Iberia, in an area centered in the city of Burgos , and this dialect was later brought to the city of Toledo , where the written standard of Spanish was first developed, in the 13th century. In this formative stage, Spanish developed a strongly differing variant from its close cousin, Leonese , and, according to some authors,
12669-640: The third most used language on the Internet , after English and Chinese. Spanish is the official language of Spain . Upon the emergence of the Castilian Crown as the dominant power in the Iberian Peninsula by the end of the Middle Ages, the Romance vernacular associated with this polity became increasingly used in instances of prestige and influence, and the distinction between "Castilian" and "Spanish" started to become blurred. Hard policies imposing
12792-811: The time. Peña and CMLL created the CMLL World Mini-Estrella Championship in 1992, which is considered the official birth of the division. CMLL's Mini-Estrellas division featured a number of skilled, high flying wrestlers which helped make the concept an immediate success. Original Mini-Estrellas division consisted of Mascarita Sagrada (the first CMLL Mini-Estrella champion), Aguilita Solitaria , Octagoncito , Espectrito , Mazakrito, Pierrothito , Pequeño Tritón, Mascarita Mágica , Ultimo Dragoncito , Cicloncito Ramírez , Pequeño Jaque Mate, Platita and Gargolita . In 1993 Peña decided to leave CMLL and create his own wrestling promotion, Asistencia Asesoría y Administración (AAA), and in
12915-412: The top of the 15 foot tall steel cage and climb all the way to the floor. Payacito Azul was the first man to escape the cage only a few minutes into the match, leaving his tag team partner Payacito Rojo behind. The final four competitors were Espectrito II, Octagoncito, Super Muñequito and Payacito Rojo, When Octagoncito tried to escape Espectrito I, who had remained at ringside during the match, climbed up
13038-467: The two sides. This first two matches of the show were not broadcast on Television as part of AAA's weekly wrestling show on Televisa but were dark matches that only the fans in attendance at the Plaza de Toros de la Concordia bull fighting arena saw. The opening match featured AAA's women's division with Martha Villalobos , La Nazi and Neftali taking on a trio of women who had primarily worked for
13161-496: The two teams fight over the Mexican National Tag Team Championship held by the Guerrera family. The feud ended when Fuerza Guerrera left AAA in late 1995. La Parka and Estrada found themselves on opposite side of multi-man tag team matches at the subsequent Triplemanía III shows with La Parka's side winning one and Estrada's team winning the second match. On August 6, 1995 La Parka regained
13284-408: The years. The match was a 13- Minis Steel Cage Elimination match , Lucha de Apuesta , "Mask vs. Mask" match. In the end Payasito Rojo was the last man in the cage after Bandita, Espectrito, Espectrito II, Jerrito Estrada , Fuercita Guerrera , Mascarita Sagrada, Mini Calo, Octagóncito, La Parkita , Payasito Azul, Super Muñequito , and Torerito had all left the cage. The Triplemanía match was one of
13407-441: Was 1.53 m (5 ft 0 in) but in recent years wrestlers such as Pequeño Olímpico have worked the Minis division despite being as much as 1.59 m (5 ft 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) tall. In the formative years of Mini-Estrella wrestling, the Mini-Estrellas were also referred to as Micro Luchadors , or "Micro Wrestlers". The origins of the Mini-Estrella division lies in midget wrestling , which in Mexico
13530-533: Was Juan Manuel de la Rosa. In the semi-main event four different storylines intersected in an eight-man "Atómicos" tag team match featuring the top feuds of AAA at the time. Perro Aguayo was accompanied to the ring by his son Perro Aguayo Jr. who was slated to make his in-ring debut at the following Triplemanía III show. For most of the match the rival pairs worked against each other with Perro Aguayo and Máscara Año 2000, Konnan and Cien Caras, La Parka and Jerry Estrada and finally Octagón and Pentagón pairing off. In
13653-587: Was a six-man tag team match for the vacant WWA World Trios Championship , a championship that Peña was allowed to promote on AAA shows. For the Arena Rio Nilo show the father/son combo of Fuerza Guerrera and Juventud Guerrera teamed up with Psicosis to take on the trio of El Hijo del Santo , Octagón and Rey Misterio, Jr. In the end the Guerreras and Psicosis won the match and became the sixth overall WWA World Trios champions. The main event match
13776-668: Was created in 1992 when CMLL created the CMLL Mini-Estrellas World Championship. Since then rivals AAA and WWA both created a Mini-Estrellas championship, although only AAA's championship sustained any longevity. In 2008 CMLL decided to use the Mexican National Lightweight Championship as a secondary title for the Mini-Estrellas division. Up until that point the Lightweight title had not been considered
13899-634: Was developed in the cities of Toledo , in the 13th to 16th centuries, and Madrid , from the 1570s. The development of the Spanish sound system from that of Vulgar Latin exhibits most of the changes that are typical of Western Romance languages , including lenition of intervocalic consonants (thus Latin vīta > Spanish vida ). The diphthongization of Latin stressed short e and o —which occurred in open syllables in French and Italian, but not at all in Catalan or Portuguese—is found in both open and closed syllables in Spanish, as shown in
14022-622: Was distinguished by a heavy Basque influence (see Iberian Romance languages ). This distinctive dialect spread to southern Spain with the advance of the Reconquista , and meanwhile gathered a sizable lexical influence from the Arabic of Al-Andalus , much of it indirectly, through the Romance Mozarabic dialects (some 4,000 Arabic -derived words, make up around 8% of the language today). The written standard for this new language
14145-713: Was followed by a vowel that did not diphthongize. The h- , still preserved in spelling, is now silent in most varieties of the language, although in some Andalusian and Caribbean dialects, it is still aspirated in some words. Because of borrowings from Latin and neighboring Romance languages, there are many f -/ h - doublets in modern Spanish: Fernando and Hernando (both Spanish for "Ferdinand"), ferrero and herrero (both Spanish for "smith"), fierro and hierro (both Spanish for "iron"), and fondo and hondo (both words pertaining to depth in Spanish, though fondo means "bottom", while hondo means "deep"); additionally, hacer ("to make")
14268-437: Was for the "Copa Rio Nilo", a one night special feature match between long time rivals Perro Aguayo , Konan and Cien Caras who had been involved in a long running storyline that for Aguayo and Caras stretched back into the 1980s. During the match Cien Caras' brother, Máscara Año 2000 came to ringside and attacked Perro Aguayo, seeking revenge for being unmasked by Aguayo at Triplemanía I . At one point Máscara Año 2000 broke
14391-557: Was hoping to actually sell out the 130,000 seat Estadio Azteca in Mexico City . The plans never came to fruition as Art Barr died suddenly on November 23, 1994 before the storyline even had a chance to start. Barr's death, coupled with the Mexican peso crisis in 1994 led to Guerrero leaving AAA to work in the United States instead and thus made a Los Gringos Locos storyline impossible to piece together. AAA still planned on making
14514-492: Was pinned. The second Dark Match of the show featured a trio known as Los Misioneros de la Muerte ("The Missionaries of Death"), also originally from the UWA but by this time AAA regulars taking on the team of El Torero , El Mexicano and Dragón de Oro . Los Misioneros originally consisted of El Signo , Negro Navarro and El Texano and later on brought in Black Power II to replace El Texano while working in
14637-485: Was popularized in the 1970s when promoters used the American concept and had a number of Mexican little people perform as a "special attraction" on lucha libre shows. In the early days saw the popularity of wrestlers such as Gran Nikolai, Pequeno Goliath and Arturito (inspired by R2-D2 ), especially with the children. By the 1980s midget wrestling was less popular in Mexico, especially since few new wrestlers had joined
14760-462: Was revoked by Michel Temer after the impeachment of Dilma Rousseff . In many border towns and villages along Paraguay and Uruguay, a mixed language known as Portuñol is spoken. Equatorial Guinea is the only Spanish-speaking country located entirely in Africa, with the language introduced during the Spanish colonial period . Enshrined in the constitution as an official language (alongside French and Portuguese), Spanish features prominently in
14883-533: Was soon repackaged as "Mini Nova", a mini version of Super Nova , a luchador that worked for the WWF at the time. Mini Nova made his in-ring debut in a match at Bad Blood in 1997 where he teamed with Max Mini against Tarantula and Mosaic . The Minis appeared on WWF Shotgun Saturday Night and WWF Monday Night Raw as well as in matches at the Royal Rumble in 1997 and the Royal Rumble in 1998. In 1999
15006-519: Was the first of three parts of the third Triplemanía professional wrestling show series promoted by Asistencia Asesoría y Administración (AAA). 1995 was second year to feature the "Triplemanía Series" of shows with 3, referred to as III-A, III-B and III-C. The show took place on June 10, 1995 in Tijuana , Baja California , Mexico. The Main event featured a 13-wrestler Steel Cage Elimination match , Lucha de Apuestas "Mask vs. Mask" match featuring
15129-529: Was working as a booker and storyline writer for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL), Mexico's largest and the world's oldest wrestling promotion, and was frustrated by CMLL's very conservative approach to lucha libre . He joined forced with a number of younger, very talented wrestlers who felt like CMLL was not giving them recognition they deserved and decided to split from CMLL to create Asistencia Asesoría y Administración (AAA, or Triple A; Spanish for "Assistance, Consulting, and Administration"). After making
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