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50-651: Mission Canyon is directly north — on the mountain side — of the city of Santa Barbara, and derives its name from the Mission Santa Barbara which is built between Mission Canyon and the center of the city. The canyon itself is one of the most dramatic in the Santa Ynez Mountains with the locally highest peak, La Cumbre Peak 3,988 ft (1,216 m) at the top of the watershed, flanked by Cathedral Peak 3,336 ft (1,017 m) and Arlington Peak 3,258 ft (993 m) to

100-508: A broader effort to consolidate the Spanish claim on Alta California in the face of threats from rival empires. In attempting to do this, Spain sought to turn local indigenous tribes into good Spanish citizens (for Mission Santa Barbara, this was the Chumash - Barbareño tribe). This required religious conversion and integration into the Spanish colonial economy – for the local Chumash people,

150-402: A specialized term for demographers. CBS commentator Charles Osgood composed a verse which includes There's nothing that I wouldn't do If you would be my POSSLQ You live with me and I with you, And you will be my POSSLQ. I'll be your friend and so much more; That's what a POSSLQ is for. Elliot Sperber, the writer of The Hartford Courant ' s weekly cryptogram , invented

200-683: A term coined in the late 1970s by the United States Census Bureau as part of an effort to more accurately gauge the prevalence of cohabitation in American households. After the 1980 Census , the term gained currency in the wider culture for a time. After demographers observed the increasing frequency of cohabitation over the 1980s, the Census Bureau began directly asking respondents to their major surveys whether they were "unmarried partners", thus making obsolete

250-640: Is a Spanish mission in Santa Barbara, California , United States. Often referred to as the 'Queen of the Missions', it was founded by Padre Fermín Lasuén for the Franciscan order on December 4, 1786, the feast day of Saint Barbara , as the tenth mission of what would later become 21 missions in Alta California. Mission Santa Barbara, like other California missions, was built as part of

300-555: Is a parish church of the Archdiocese of Los Angeles . The early missionaries built three different chapels during the first few years, each larger than the previous one. In 1787, the first chapel built was a palisaded log structure with a grass roof and an earthen floor that measured 39 ft (12 m) x 14 ft (4.3 m). In 1789, the second chapel was constructed out of adobe with roof tiles and measured 83 ft (25 m) x 17 ft (5.2 m). In 1793–94, it

350-585: Is separate from Mission Santa Barbara, but occupies a portion of the Mission complex. Some Franciscans serve on the Board of Trustees along with scholars and community members; the institution is directed by a lay academic scholar. The Mission also has the oldest unbroken tradition of choral singing among the California Missions and, indeed, of any California institution. The weekly Catholic liturgy

400-627: Is serviced by two choirs, the California Mission Schola and the Cappella Barbara. The Mission archives contain one of the richest collections of colonial Franciscan music manuscripts known today, which remain closely guarded (most have not yet been subjected to scholarly analysis). POSSLQ POSSLQ ( / ˈ p ɒ s əl k j uː / POSS -əl- KYOO , plural POSSLQs ) is an abbreviation (or acronym ) for " Person of Opposite Sex Sharing Living Quarters ",

450-558: Is water. This region experiences warm (but not hot) and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above 71.6 °F. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Mission Canyon has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate , abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps. The 2010 United States Census reported that Mission Canyon had a population of 2,381. The population density was 1,538.8 inhabitants per square mile (594.1/km). The racial makeup of Mission Canyon

500-460: The Presidio soldiers confronted Bouchard, who sailed out of the harbor without attacking. In 1803, 1,792 Chumash lived as neophytes within 234 adobe huts that surrounded the mission, which was the highest number living onsite during a single year. By 1820, the Mission's Chumash population declined to 1,132 and then dropped to 962 three years later. During the Chumash revolt of 1824 , under

550-687: The Santa Barbara County Fire Department Fire Station 15. The topography of the neighborhood varies from relatively flat areas located south of Foothill Road to greater slopes north of Foothill Road, ranging in elevations from approximately 300 ft (91 m) to just over 1,000 ft (305 m) above sea level. According to the United States Census Bureau , the CDP has a total area of 1.5 square miles (3.9 km), of which 1.5 square miles (3.9 km) are land and 0.03 square miles (0.078 km) (1.94%)

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600-566: The Santa Ynez Mountains , Mission Canyon measures some 1,122 acres comprising an estimated 1,141 parcels primarily consisting of single-family residential development, recreational, open space, and agricultural land uses; but however lacks any commercial or industrial development. Non residential features include the Santa Barbara Botanic Garden , Rocky Nook County Park, the Santa Barbara Woman's Club, and

650-520: The census of 2000, there were 2,610 people, 1,065 households, and 689 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1,663.6 inhabitants per square mile (642.3/km). There were 1,115 housing units at an average density of 710.7 per square mile (274.4/km). The racial makeup of the CDP was 93.64% White , 0.42% African American , 0.15% Native American , 1.30% Asian , 0.04% Pacific Islander , 2.18% from other races , and 2.26% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.63% of

700-625: The Apostolic College collection (1853–1885). The Archive-Library also has a large collection of early California writings, maps, and images as well as a collection of materials for the Tohono O'oodham Indians of Arizona. Beginning with the writings of Hubert Howe Bancroft , the Library has served as a center for historical study of the missions for more than a century. It is an independent non-profit educational and research institution that

750-680: The Christian faith. The Mission grounds occupy a rise between the Pacific Ocean and the Santa Ynez Mountains , and were consecrated by Father Fermín Lasuén, who had taken over the presidency of the California mission chain upon the death of Father Junípero Serra . Mission Santa Barbara is, along with mission San Luis Rey, the only mission to remain under the leadership of the Franciscan Friars since its founding, and today

800-586: The Chumash "for the purpose of subjugating and restoring to their mission the neophytes of Santa Barbara who had fled to the tulares ". After a seven-day long march from the Presidio, Captain de la Portilla and his division consisting of roughly 104 soldiers equipped with "caliber-4 cannon" arrived near Lake Tulares on June 9, 1824, and began negotiations for the surrender of the Indians (who were referred to as

850-471: The Chumash had no immunity. Thus, the Chumash often had little choice but to join the mission. A modern source describes the lives of indigenous people in the mission system as being 'controlled by the padres'; it also notes that baptised indigenous peoples 'were not allowed to leave without permission'. In 1818, two Argentine ships under the command of the French privateer , Hipólito Bouchard approached

900-590: The Franciscans which offer an explanation of the diminishing trend of the Chumash population , all of the California missions throughout their establishment experienced a mortality rate that exceeded their birthrate. Modern sources attribute this decline to ill-treatment, overwork, malnutrition, violence and disease . After the Mexican Congress passed An Act for the Secularization of

950-467: The Franciscans, but in 1925, Bishop John J. Cantwell finally awarded the deed to them. As the center for the Franciscans, the Mission played an important role in education in the late 1900s and early twentieth century. From 1854 to 1885 it was chartered as an apostolic college and from 1869 to 1877 it also functioned as a college for laymen, Thereby making it Santa Barbara's first institution of higher education. In 1896, this education initiative led to

1000-473: The Mission proper and the harbor, specifically near El Presidio Reál de Santa Bárbara (the "Royal Spanish Presidio"), about a mile southeast of the Mission. As the city grew, it extended throughout the coastal plain. A residential area now surrounds the Mission with public parks ( Mission Historical Park and Rocky Nook Park) and a few public buildings (such as the Natural History Museum ) in

1050-586: The Missions of California on August 17, 1833, Father Presidente Narciso Durán transferred the missions' headquarters to Santa Barbara, thereby making Mission Santa Barbara the repository of some 3,000 original documents that had been scattered through the California missions. In 1840, Alta California and Baja California Territory were removed from the Diocese of Sonora to form the Diocese of Both Californias . Bishop Francisco Garcia Diego y Moreno , OFM, established his cathedra at Mission Santa Barbara, making

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1100-539: The adjacent area. Mission Santa Barbara includes a gift shop, a museum, a Franciscan Friary, and a retreat house. The Mission grounds are a tourist attraction. The Mission is owned by the Franciscan Province of Santa Barbara and the parish church rents the church from the Franciscans. For many decades in the late 20th century, Fr. Virgil Cordano , OFM served as the pastor of the St. Barbara's Parish co-located on

1150-423: The age of 18 living in them, 547 (53.6%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 59 (5.8%) had a female householder with no husband present, 20 (2.0%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 59 (5.8%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships , and 14 (1.4%) same-sex married couples or partnerships . 264 households (25.9%) were made up of individuals, and 97 (9.5%) had someone living alone who

1200-402: The average family size was 2.73. In the CDP the population was spread out, with 16.9% under the age of 18, 5.0% from 18 to 24, 27.8% from 25 to 44, 35.4% from 45 to 64, and 14.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.4 males. The median income for a household in the CDP

1250-486: The canyon's northern extremity, and extends into Los Padres National Forest in the Santa Ynez Mountains . The Santa Barbara Botanic Garden is located in Mission Canyon. The approximate center of Mission Canyon is located at 34°26′59″N 119°42′59″W  /  34.44972°N 119.71639°W  / 34.44972; -119.71639 (34.449797, -119.716315). Situated along the southern facing slopes of

1300-477: The chapel the pro-cathedral of the diocese until 1849. Under Bishop Thaddeus Amat y Brusi , C.M., the chapel again served as a pro-cathedral, for the Diocese of Monterey and then the Diocese of Monterey-Los Angeles, from 1853 to 1876. It is for this reason that of all the California missions, only the chapel at Mission Santa Barbara has two matching bell towers. At that time, that particular architectural feature

1350-452: The coast and threatened the young town of Santa Barbara. The padres, led by Fray Antonio Ripoll armed and trained 180 of the neophytes to mobilize for the anticipated attack. They were organized into an infantry unit comprising one-hundred archers that were reinforced by an additional fifty brandishing machetes, and a cavalry unit of thirty lancers. Father Ripoll named the unit "Compañía de Urbanos Realistas de Santa Bárbara". With their help,

1400-783: The communities with which they interacted, especially in Colonial New Spain, Northwestern Mexico, and the Southwestern United States.' The sources of the Library's collections can be traced to the 1760s with Fray Junipero Serra 's plans for missions in Alta California . The collections include named sections, the Junipero Serra Collection (1713–1947), the California Mission Documents (1640–1853), and

1450-459: The course of subsequent days). An untallied number of elderly and infirmed were reported to have perished along the way. By June 28 of that year, about 816 out of an approximate population of 1,000 had returned to the mission. From 1836 to 1839 the remaining Chumash residing at the Mission dwindled from 481 to 246. By 1854, records stated that "only a few Indians were about the area of the mission". Although there are purportedly no records kept by

1500-491: The creation of a high school seminary program that in 1901 would become a separate institution, Saint Anthony's Seminary. In 1929 the college level program was relocated to Mission San Luis Rey de Francia and would become San Luis Rey College from 1950 to 1968 before relocating to Berkeley, California what is today the Franciscan School of Theology (FST) . The City of Santa Barbara originally developed between

1550-434: The environmental changes wrought by the Mission's large herd of livestock, combined with epidemics and military force, meant that tribal members often had little choice but to join the mission system, resulting in a type of forced servitude. The mission is the namesake of the city of Santa Barbara as well as of Santa Barbara County and comes from the legend of Saint Barbara, a girl who was beheaded by her father for following

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1600-794: The grounds of the Santa Barbara Mission. He died in 2008. Since the summer of 2017, the Mission has served as the Interprovincial Novitiate for the English Speaking Provinces of the Franciscan Friars (Observants). The Mission also houses the Santa Barbara Mission-Archive Library , which collects and preserves 'historical and cultural resources pertaining to Franciscan history and Missions and

1650-481: The indentured Chumash people under Franciscan rule are located on the eastern abutting property known as Mission Historical Park , which was sold to the City in 1928. These ruins include tanning vats, a pottery kiln , and a guard house as well as an extensive water distribution system that incorporated aqueducts , a filtration system , two reservoirs , and a hydro-powered gristmill . The larger reservoir, which

1700-437: The leadership of Andrés Sagimomatsee, the mission was briefly seized and looted. The soldiers posted there were disarmed (two of them were wounded with machete blows) and were sent back to the Presidio . After an indecisive battle was fought against troops from the Presidio, most of the Indians withdrew over the Santa Ynez Mountains via Mission Canyon and eventually on to the eastern interior; while fifty others had fled during

1750-596: The night of the uprising to Santa Cruz Island in plank canoes embarking from Mescaltitlán . For a few months thereafter, the mission was mostly devoid of any Chumash presence until a pardon agreement was brokered for their return by Father Presidente Vicente Francisco de Sarría (sent from Monterrey) and Father Antonio Ripoll (minister of the Santa Barbara Mission). A military expedition, led by Captain Pablo de la Portilla , had been sent in pursuit of

1800-425: The old method of counting cohabitors, which involved a series of assumptions about "Persons of Opposite Sex Sharing Living Quarters". The category "unmarried partner" first appeared in the 1990 Census , and was incorporated into the monthly Current Population Survey starting in 1995. By the late 1990s, the term POSSLQ had fallen out of general usage (having been replaced by " significant other ") and returned to being

1850-408: The population. There were 1,065 households, out of which 23.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.6% were married couples living together, 8.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.3% were non-families. 22.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and

1900-505: The rebels or fugitives); a process that took about six days. The majority of those captured, including many women, children, and elders were marched back on a route leading across the Cuyama Valley and over the mountains southward towards the Santa Barbara Mission through San Roque Canyon on a journey (according to del Portilla's log) lasting from June 15 or 16, until their arrival on June 23 (with "straggling families" arriving over

1950-516: The west, Pine Lookout and Rock Garden to the east, and rugged sandstone formations partially covered with chaparral on both sides of the creek. State Route 192 (Foothill Road) bisects the southern portion of the area, running from east to west, and Mission Canyon Road passes through the area from north to south. Another major north-south artery is Tunnel Road, which leads to the trailhead for several popular hiking trails that originates from an area of medium density and semi-rural development at

2000-477: The work was performed by a labor force of Canalino people. The towers were severely damaged in the June 29, 1925, earthquake , but the walls were held intact by the buttresses . Restoration was undertaken the following year. By project completion in 1927, the church had been accurately rebuilt to retain its original design using the original materials to reproduce the walls, columns, and arches. Some years later it

2050-428: Was $ 79,338, and the median income for a family was $ 103,442. Males had a median income of $ 57,222 versus $ 41,131 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $ 43,422. About 1.0% of families and 6.8% of the population were below the poverty line , including 1.6% of those under age 18 and 7.4% of those age 65 or over. Mission Santa Barbara Mission Santa Barbara (Spanish: Misión de Santa Bárbara )

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2100-516: Was 2,193 (92.1%) White , 14 (0.6%) African American , 17 (0.7%) Native American , 40 (1.7%) Asian , 11 (0.5%) Pacific Islander , 35 (1.5%) from other races , and 71 (3.0%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 198 persons (8.3%). The Census reported that 2,372 people (99.6% of the population) lived in households, 0 (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 9 (0.4%) were institutionalized. There were 1,020 households, out of which 230 (22.5%) had children under

2150-511: Was 51.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.0 males. There were 1,075 housing units at an average density of 694.7 per square mile (268.2/km), of which 782 (76.7%) were owner-occupied, and 238 (23.3%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 0.8%; the rental vacancy rate was 4.4%. 1,828 people (76.8% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 544 people (22.8%) lived in rental housing units. As of

2200-407: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33. There were 626 families (61.4% of all households); the average family size was 2.70. The population was spread out, with 368 people (15.5%) under the age of 18, 100 people (4.2%) aged 18 to 24, 458 people (19.2%) aged 25 to 44, 973 people (40.9%) aged 45 to 64, and 482 people (20.2%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age

2250-432: Was a little over 14,000 animals over the 1806–1810 period. Large numbers of Chumash workers were required to care for this herd and to serve the other needs of the Mission. At the same time, the herds disrupted the sophisticated Chumash system of hunting and gathering, placing the tribes in an increasingly precarious position and aggravating the existing demographic stress caused by epidemics of European diseases against which

2300-552: Was built in 1806 by the expedient of damming of Mission Canyon situated to the north within the existing Santa Barbara Botanic Garden , continued to serve as a functioning component of the city's water system until 1993. Also intact near the entrance to the Mission is the original fountain and lavadero . Mission Santa Barbara was part of a broader plan by the Kingdom of Spain to protect its claim on Alta California against rival colonial powers (Russia and Great Britain). The mission

2350-438: Was discovered that the concrete foundation of the church had begun to disintegrate while it was settling into the ground, thereby causing the towers to crack. Between 1950 and 1953, the facade and towers were demolished and rebuilt to duplicate their original form. The appearance of the interior of the church has not been altered significantly since 1820. Remains of the Mission's original infrastructure constructed primarily by

2400-408: Was expected to turn the local indigenous people into upstanding Spanish citizens through conversion to Catholicism and by making them productive members of the Spanish colonial economy. The main economic activity of the missions in the region that was occupied by the local Chumash tribe was animal husbandry and related products (hides and tallow). The average size of the Santa Barbara Mission's herd

2450-425: Was replaced again with another adobe tiled-roof structure that measured 125 ft (38 m) x 26 ft (7.9 m). However, the third chapel was destroyed by the 1812 Santa Barbara earthquake on December 21. By 1815, construction of the fourth Mission structure had begun and was mostly completed by 1820. Most probably under the direction of master stonemason José Antonio Ramiez (as estimated by historians),

2500-537: Was restricted to a cathedral church . When President Abraham Lincoln restored the missions to the Catholic Church on March 18, 1865, the Mission's leader at the time, Friar José González Rubio , came into conflict with Bishop Amat over the matter of whether the Mission should be under the ownership of the Franciscan order rather than the diocese. Bishop Amat refused to give the deed for the Mission to

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