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53-830: Mundawar is a Tehsil in K hairthal - Tijara district in Rajasthan State. Mundawar is 40 km from Alwar city. Mundawar is situated at latitude 38 16' 58" N and longitude 77° 9' 39" E in northern part of Alwar district of Rajasthan at an elevation of 263 m. Mundawar town is located in the National Capital Region , 125 km south of Delhi, 140 km north of state capital Jaipur , 39.5 km north of Alwar city, 28 km east of Behror 25 km east of Rewari city, 70 km south of Dharuhera , 65 km south of Bhiwadi and 20 km north of Tijara , another town in Alwar district. It

106-545: A bridge crosses the river between Ajaraka and Dadhiya. The Masani barrage is also used as the bridge on NH 919 which merges with NH 48 (Delhi-Jaipur-Mumbai, formerly NH 8) at this barrage near Dharuhera , Rewari . Buchara dam is located in Buchara Leopard Sanctuary Kotputli on Sota River , a major tributary. Railway bridges between Ajaraka and Bawal and near Pataudi also cross the river. A railway bridge near Nangal Pathani also crosses

159-518: A part of the district Kotputli Tehsil was under the rule of Khetri Princely state. Rao Tula ram raised the local population of Ahirs against the British rule. After independence in 1947, it became part of Alwar state and was subsequently merged in the Rajputana state. Neemuchana Massacre It is called Jallianwala of Rajasthan. Bansur's landlords (Biswedars) revolted against the increase in tax by

212-539: A situation, due to mutual estrangement and fear of war between the princely state of Jaipur and Bharatpur, the border between Jaipur and Alwar was Bansur. This fort has been a sentinel of the border of Alwar region. Taseeng Fort located in Aravali hills 5 km away from Behror headquarters is another place of attraction but now in poor condition due to neglect. It was last occupied by Badgurjar Clan. Before them Chouhans from Machedi were its inhabitants. Emperor Ashoka

265-470: A state and ruled by King, was attacked by the Mahmud of Ghazni. The state was defeated, and town plundered to ruins, temples destroyed. The town then located near the limestone hills was established faraway again and now is the headquarters of the eponymous Narayanpur Tehsil of the district. Meanwhile, Tomars and Chouhan were the two rising power centres in the wider region. Then majority of the northern parts of

318-467: Is 627.60 mm. Highest maximum temperature ranges from 45.45 to 45.99 °C with a mean value of 45.8 °C, while Lowest minimum temperature ranges from 1.64 to 3.14 °C with a mean value of 2.45 °C. It leaves Rajasthan state beyond Kotkasim in Alwar district near village Lalpur and covers a total distance of about 222 km up to Dhasa Bund. It enters Haryana state at Jhabua, near

371-477: Is a tributary of Sahibi river), Sarbashirpur , Sultanpur National Park , Basai Wetland , Najafgarh lake and Najafgarh drain bird sanctuary , and The Lost lake of Gurugram , all of which are home to endangered and migratory birds, yet largely remain unprotected under extreme threat from the colonisers and builders. Several Ochre Coloured Pottery culture sites (also identified as late Harappan phase of Indus Valley civilisation culture) have been found along

424-555: Is a famous Milch breed . Located on Bijak Ki Pahari these buddhist complexes are the testimony to regions cukturally rich past. They were built during the time of Ashoka in the 3rd century BCE, and near them were found two of Ashoka's Minor Rock Edicts , the Bairat and the Calcutta-Bairat Minor Rock Edicts. It is the earliest circular Buddhist shrine and therefore, Bairat temple is an important marker of

477-726: Is easily reached from NH8 (Delhi-Jaipur-Mumbai highway) via Behror . Regular buses connect Mundawar to Behror , Khairthal , Rewari , Dharuhera, Bhiwadi , Tijara and Alwar . Mundawar is a town with population of under 15000 in 2011 census. Near by villages are Shyopur (1.5 km) Garhi (3.5km) Tinkirudi (4 km), Siya Khoh (6 km), Chakoliya (10km), Padmara Khurdh (15 km), Ulaheri (3.6 km), Chandpur (5.3 km), Khanpur Ahir (5.4 km). Nearest Towns are Kishangarh Bas (15 km), Doonwas (18 km), Neemrana (21.3 km), Kotkasim (22.7 km), Behror (28 km). Sabalgarh ( 4 km ), (Pipli (7 km.) Ahirwati , also called ‘Hirwati’ (the language of Ahirs),

530-579: Is found abundantly along the banks of Sabi and Sota rivers. Major Wild animal species are Nilgai, Leopard, Tiger, Jackal, Hyena. The district is rich in Quarts and Granite minerals, though they are mostly found in ecologically sensitive Aravalli ranges. In excavations in and around the Sahibi river basin, late Harrapan period archaeological evidence has been found. This river is also mentioned in ancient Indian texts of Manusmriti and Rigveda as southern boundary of

583-733: Is in Rajasthan 100 km is in Haryana and 40 km in Delhi. The current and paleochannels of Sahibi river have several important wetlands that lie in series, including the Masani barrage wetland, Matanhail forest , Chhuchhakwas-Godhari , Khaparwas Wildlife Sanctuary , Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary , Outfall Drain Number 6 (canalised portion in Haryana of Sahibii river), Outfall Drain Number 8 (canalised portion in Haryana of Dohan river which

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636-431: Is in a sacred grove. RTDC Midway Behror is an important public hotel and landmark situated midway between Delhi and Jaipur on NH-8 Where leaders of different states and of different countries, former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee, administrative officers and judicial officers, besides foreign ambassadors have tasted Rajasthani flavors. Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee celebrated his 79th birthday here. This fort

689-516: Is located in the mid north eastern part of Rajasthan. It stretches between 27° 18' 39.13” to 28° 13' 55.10” North latitude and 76° 58' 21.09’’ to 75° 45' 35.05’’ East longitude. It is bounded in the northwest by Shekhawati River Basin and Ruparail and Banganga River Basins in the southeast. The northern boundary is shared administratively with Haryana State. The Basin extends over parts of Jaipur Rural and Neem Ka Thana, Kot Behror, Khairthal, Rewari, Jhajjar, Gurugram districts. The total catchment area of

742-718: Is located on Sota river which is a tributary of Sabi river. It has a filling height of around 35 feet. It was built in the year 1889 by the King of Jaipur. Mansa Devi Temple in Dahmi is thronged by devotees far and wide during Navratris . It is 637-year-old temple. It is located in Joshihera, Neemrana. It is an ancient devi temple located on the banks of Sota River atop a hillock, in Saroond Village on Kotputli NeemkaThana Highway. Situated near Barrod of Behror, this temple

795-594: Is mined in Bhainslana village and is also called Bhainslana Marble. It has been used in the new parliament building of India and is also used to make figures of deities. Behror-Neemrana is leading in the production of mustard and wheat. Apart from this, it also plays an important role in the production of cotton. There is a Mandi in Kotputli And Behror. Jakharana Goat This breed of goat originally from Jakhrana village of Behror near Haryana Boundary

848-875: Is said to have converted to Islam in Samvat 1499 (AD 1442). After this Rajdev who was Rao Chand's uncle left Mundawar as a protest and chose Neemrana as his capital. The descendants of Rao Chand extended their hold till Bansur. But he was expelled from Bansur by the Shekhawats (of whom Rao Shekha, Rao Suja and Rao Jagmal were the most important) in Samvat 1560 (AD 1503). Rao Sujaji made Basai his capital while Jagmal established himself at Hajipur. After Sujaji's death in Samvat 1594 (AD 1537), his sons Rao Lunkaranji, Gopalji,Raisalji, Chandaji and Bheruji extended their authority to Khetri, Sikar, Khandela and Shahpura. After Aurangzeb's death, internal differences encouraged smaller chieftains to seize power. Maharaja Surajmal of Bharatpur conquered

901-502: Is spoken in Ahirwal region. Rewari , Mahendergarh , Narnaul , Gurgaon , Kotkasim , Kotputli , Bansur , Behror and Mundawar may be considered as the centre of Ahirwati speaking area. Khanpur Ahir Railway Station 5 km, Harsauli Railway Station 7 km, Ajaraka Railway Station 10 km, Khairthal Railway Station 14 km. Kotputli-Behror district The district has eight tehsils : The name of

954-615: The Sariska Tiger Reserve is located, separated by chains of Aravali Hills. In the northwest, the Thar desert lies, also divided by chains of Aravalli Hills, which prevent its encroachment on the fertile plains. The district faces water scarcity issues due to limited surface water resources, the degradation of the catchment area of the Sahibi River, and excessive use of groundwater resources. These factors contribute to

1007-538: The architecture of India . Neemrana Fort Complex in the Neemarna Tehsil is the most important Landmark. The famous Neemrana fort was built in the 16th century and was occupied by Chouhans claiming to be descendants of Prithviraj of Ajmer till 1947. Historical stepwell in Neemrana . Each floor having a height of about 20 feet, and 9 floors making up the entire structure with  86 colonnaded openings at

1060-663: The Alwar fort and some nearby area. But his son Jawahar Singh was defeated by the Jaipur ruler in the battle of Monda-Mandoli and lost the territory gained by his father. The Marathas captured Tijara and Kishangarh. In 1775, Pratap Singh of the Naruka family acquired the Alwar fort and established the Alwar State. And thus a major part of the district became part of Alwar State. Before British rule it has been ruled by Sultans, Mughals, Marathas and finally by Alwar Princely state, while

1113-462: The Alwar king, which was brutally crushed, it is known as the Neemuchana massacre. On 13 May 1925, the Alwar state army and British army surrounded the Neemuchana village from all sides and asked the agitating Rajput farmers to end the movement. On the morning of May 14, the army closed all the roads and started firing indiscriminately with machine guns on the village without any warning. They burnt

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1166-912: The Basin is 4607.9 km2. The catchment area of the Sahibi River encompasses the following cities and towns: Sikar , Jaipur , and Kotputli in northeastern Rajasthan state; Bawal , Rewari , Pataudi , and Jhajjar district in southern Haryana state; and Delhi state. The catchment area of the Sahibi River in Rajasthan is 4,523.67 square kilometres (1,746.60 sq mi) of Jaipur, Alwar and Sikar Districts, between latitudes 27°16' and 28°11' and longitudes 75°42' and 76°57'. Sahibi Basin falls in three Districts of Rajasthan namely: Alwar district (62.11%), Jaipur district (29.30%) and Sikar district (8.59%). Mean Annual Rainfall in Sahibi Basin

1219-610: The Brahmvrata, though there is difference in interpretations among experts. The district is part of wider Matsya Cultural Zone. Viratnagar tehsil of the district finds mention in ancient Indian texts as the capital of Matsya Kingdom, the town is siad to have been founded by King Kirata where Pandavas spent their 12 years of exile in disguise. Oldest evidence of Buddhist Shrine in Circular pattern has been found in Viratnagar of

1272-1333: The GDP of the district. Neemrana has 1500 small and big industries including Daikin AC, Havells, Hero Bike Plant, Parle-G Biscuit, Richlite Biscuit. In Behror Greenlam Plywood is major manufacturing unit. Others are Barmalt in Keshwana. In Kotputli Aditya Birla Group 's UltraTech Cement has a big Cement manufacturing and processing unit. According to Census of India 2011, three most important commodities manufactured in towns and cities were reported to be as following - Cement Production, Granite Tiles, Sunmica in Behror ;; Cotton Yarn, Electric Wire in Neemrana ;; Wooden Furniture, Textiles, Mustard Oil in Shahjahanpur ;; Vanaspati Ghee, Mustard Oil, Grain Products in Kotputli ;; Leather Shoes (mojadis) in Viratnagar respectively, though these have changed rapidly in recnet years. Black Marble This variety of Marble black in color

1325-592: The Keshopur Bus Depot on the Outer Ring Road are wide with thick and high embankments. A vast amount of water is retained in this widened drain by closing the Kakrola regulators under Najafgarh Road to recharge the local groundwater table. Several bridges cross the Sahibi River. A bridge on State Highway 14 crosses the river between Behror and Sodawas (Behror to Alwar Road). On State Highway 52,

1378-560: The Masani Barrage. Parts of Rajasthan and Haryana that Sahibi river flows through are arid and have only seasonal monsoon rainfall, in the past river might have held perennial flow as evident by the presence of several sites of the Ganeshwar–Jodhpura culture on the banks of present-day Sahibi River meanders and its tributaries. Among the finds are handmade and wheel-made pottery dated to 3309–2709 BCE and 2879–2384 BCE found on

1431-610: The Rajasthan Budget 2023 . It is located in Kotputli/Paota Tehsils spread in an area of 50 km . For the improvement of the Rath breed in the district, the fair is organized at Behror. It is held every year in the month of May. A large number of persons congregate in the fair. Hiduism is the major religion with other religions being Jains and Muslims. Rajasthani is the most common language spoken in

1484-717: The Saiwar Protected Forest hills in Aravalli Range near Jitgarh and Manoharpur in Sikar district of Rajasthan state. After covering about 157 km distance in the Rajasthan state. After gathering volume from a hundred tributaries , the Sahibi River forms a broad stream around Alwar and Kotputli . These west to north-west flowing rivers originate from the western slopes of Aravalli range in Rajasthan, flow through semi-arid historical Shekhawati region, drain into southern Haryana. Sabi River Basin

1537-455: The areas of Kotputli and Behror because of varied grievances, chief among them distance from present district headquarters. Reasons were given that the distance of the present district is 60 km from Behror and 80 km from Neemrana and 100 km from Kotpulti. During Budget of 2023 Rajasthan Legislative assembly created new 19 districts one of which was Kotptuli-Behror (Rath) district. Agriculture contributes to major part of GDP of

1590-449: The banks of Sahibi river and its tributaries such as Krishnavati river , Dohan river (originates near Neem Ka Thana in Alwar district) and Sota River (merges with Sahibi river at Behror in Alwar district and its canalised portion in Haryana is called the "Outfall Drain No 6"). The drainage pattern for all these rivers is dendritic . The Sahibi River originates from the eastern slopes of

1643-623: The banks of the Sahibi River at Jodhpura. Other findings include pottery found on the Sahibi riverbed at Hansaka in the Rewari district by INTACH -Rewari. A red stone statue of Vamana Dev, now displayed at the Shri Krishna Museum, Kurukshetra was unearthed in 2002 on the Sahibi riverbed near Bawal . In various other places on Sahibi riverbed, many artifacts have been found, including arrowheads, fishhooks, spearheads, awls, and chisels. Several modern scholars identify

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1696-520: The city of Rewari in Rewari district , after which it re-enters first Rajasthan state near Kotkasim , and then Haryana again near the village of Jarthal. The dry riverbed near Jarthal is 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) wide. During light monsoon rainfall, the river's flat and sandy bottom absorbs all rainwater. Masani barrage on the river lies near Dahuhera. During heavy rains, the river has defined course up to Pataudi railway station and branches off into two smaller streams to Jhajjar , finally reaching

1749-429: The district followed by manufacturing. Due to its proximity to capitals and good connectivity there are many government developed industrial areas in the district. Chief among them are Neemrana RIICO, Neemrana Japanese SEZ, Behror RIICO, Shahjahanpur RIICO, Sotanala RIICO, Keshwana RIICO. Behror RIICO is the oldest manufacturing cluster in district. In Neemrana Japanese Zone, EPIP Zone are present which contributes most to

1802-517: The district from the rest of Rajasthan . These hills surround the district on three sides, except to the north towards Delhi . On the southern side, the Aravali hillocks mark the boundary with Shahpura of Jaipur District . Furthermore, a series of parallel limestone or sandstone hills form a barrier between the Bansur Tehsil of this district and Alwar District . To the southeast,

1855-522: The district has been derived from merging the name of the two of the most important cities of the district, Kotputli and Behror . Kotputli Behror District is situated around the banks of Sabi River, so called Sabi-Kantha as well. Located on the northernmost fringe of the Aravalli range this district is primarily composed of fertile plains and is traversed by the Sahibi River throughout its length. The Aravali hills act as natural boundaries, separating

1908-473: The district were under the rule of Bhadanka empire. In the years following 1150 AD, this empire was defeated by Prithviraj Chouhan, but their hold was again made weak by their defeat in 1192 AD in the battle of Tarain, and after the loss of Delhi, their descendants spread out in the region called Rath of the district – chief among them Neemrana, Mundawar. This region came under the rule of the Sultans of Delhi and

1961-485: The district. This region was part of Mauryan empire and name of King Ashoka was first found out here in the Bhabru Rock edicts where he refers to himself as 'Piyadasi, Raja Magdhe' meaning Piyadasi, the king of Magadha. Besides numerous Indo-Greek coins have been excavated in and around Viratnagar, indicating it to be a flourishing trade town and evidence of Indo-Greek rule here. In 1009 AD, Narayanpur tehsil, then

2014-1164: The district. It is 300 km long, an ephemeral , rain-fed river flowing towards Haryana and Delhi and drains into Yamuna in Delhi . There are no major surface water bodies like lakes except Buchara dam on Sota river and Babariya bund. Sota river is another major river which is a tributary and drains in the Sahibi river near Sotanala of Behror Tehsil. Narayanpur Nala carries the drainage of north-west of Bansur Tehsil and drains into Sahibi. Surakh Nala from babariya bund in Bansur drains into Sahibi at Sodawas Hajipur or Harsora Nala from Bansur drains into Sahibi at Bijwar in Mundawar tehsil of Khairthal district. Ajabgarh Nala or Kali Nadi and Partabgarh Nala originate in Bansur and Thanagazi and morph into Banganga stream near Baldeogarh in Jaipur. Hotwater spring rises in Talvriksh near Bansur Tehsil. There are few cold water springs also. Major tree species found are Neem, Dhak, Kikar and Khejri. Lemongrass

2067-612: The eastern slopes of the Saiwar Protected Forest (PF) hills in Sikar District, enters Jaipur district near the foot of these hills, and after initially flowing southeast and east turns northeastwards near Shahpura and continues further till it exits Rajasthan to enter Haryana and further drains into Yamuna in Delhi , where its channeled course is also called the Najafgarh drain , which also serves as Najafgarh drain bird sanctuary . It flows for 300 km of which 157 km

2120-426: The ground level from where the visitors used 170 steps to access the water pool deep down below the ground. It was built by Raja Todarmal. The structure of the fort situated on a small hillock in the middle of the town is multi-angular. From a strategic point of view, the fort was built from the late 16th century to the first half of the 17th century. Formerly the princely state of Alwar was under Bharatpur. In such

2173-520: The major parts of the district. Hindi is the official language. It is influenced by Ahirwati is the most, and seems rough to people not used to it. Sahibi The Sahibi river , also called the Sabi River , is an ephemeral , rain-fed river flowing through Rajasthan , Haryana (where its canalised portion is called the "Outfall Drain No 8") and Delhi states in India. It originates in

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2226-407: The non-official figures have claimed a horrific death toll of 1500 innocent people.This led to a strong reaction across the country at that time. Mahatma Gandhi described this massacre as ‘more vicious than Jallianwala Bagh’ incident. The Alwar court was forced to withdraw its decision and had to pay compensation to the next of kin after this. There has been long pending demand for the districts in

2279-628: The old Ghaggar-Hakra River (of which Tangri river is a tributary) as the Sarasvati river and the Sahibi River with the Drishadvati river of Vedic period , on the banks of which in the Vedic state of Brahmavarta , Indus-Sarasvati civilisation or Vedic Sanskriti developed. Such scholars include Bhargava The Drishadwati River had formed one border of the Vedic state of Brahmavarta while other

2332-611: The outskirts of Delhi through Najafgarh drain and ending at the Yamuna River . The Najafgarh Drain or Najafgarh Nallah ( nullah in Hindi means drain ) is another name for the Sahibi River, which continues its flow through Delhi where it is channelised for flood control purposes. It is a tributary to the Yamuna River, into which it flows. The Najafgarh Drain gets its name from the once famous and huge Najafgarh Lake near

2385-401: The overall water stress in the region. Climate is mostly dry deciduous with rainfall concentrated in few months of September to October. Summers are long, hot and dry with frequent hot winds called 'lu' . In winters temperatures may drop to freezing point. Sahibi or Sabi originating from the Aravali hills spanning boundary of district with Sikar and Jaipur is the main and largest river of

2438-500: The river. Prior to 1960, the rain-fed Sahibi River entered Delhi near Dhansa and spilled its overflow in the Najafgarh Lake (Jheel) basin, creating a seasonal lake. A vast area more than 300 square kilometres (120 sq mi) was submerged in some seasons. In the following decades, the Sahibi River flow reaching Dhansa was channelised by digging a wide drain and connecting it directly to the Yamuna River, completely draining

2491-472: The seasonal Najafgarh Jheel. The Sahibi River flooded in 1977. In response, the Masani barrage was constructed on Delhi-Jaipur highway near Masani village, Rewari. Several smaller dams have also been constructed throughout the hills of Rajasthan to store rainwater. The construction of dams has restricted the flow of water on the Sahibi River and it is now rare for water overflow from monsoon rains to reach up

2544-573: The town of Najafgarh in southwest Delhi. The Najafgarh Drain is the capital's most polluted body of water due to the direct inflow of untreated sewage from surrounding populated areas. Assessing the water quality of wetlands in wildlife habitats, a January 2005 report by the Central Pollution Control Board rated the Najafgarh Drain under category D, along with 13 other highly polluted wetlands. Regulators at

2597-466: The village to ashes. As per the government figures of Alwar state, 156 farmers were killed and more than 600 were injured in this massacre. This was the second biggest massacre after the Jallianwala Bagh tragedy. No other farmer protest in the history of India before Neemuchana has led to the killing of so many people in a single day. According to the official government records, 156 died, while

2650-915: Was Saraswati river. This is mentioned in the Rigveda , the Manusmriti , and the other Hindu texts as well. This is an important part of ecological corridor along the route of Sahibi river which traverses from Aravalli hills in Rajasthan to Yamuna via Masani barrage , Matanhail forest , Chhuchhakwas-Godhari , Khaparwas Wildlife Sanctuary , Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary, Outfall Drain Number 8 and 6, Sarbashirpur , Sultanpur National Park , Basai and The Lost Lake (Gurugram). It lies 5 km northwest of Bhindawas Bird Sanctuary and 46 km northwest of Sultantpur National Park via road. Entire 100 km stretch of Sahibi river and its streams (Sota river, Kotkasim drain and Indori river ) in Haryana are ecologically dead . Gurugram also dumps polluted discharge in

2703-835: Was built under reign of Mughal Emperor Akbar to rein in the frequent attacks on Commercial convoys towards alwar by Bandits. It is located in Bansur Tehsil. It was the hunting expedition residence of rulers of Alwar princely state and is in the Bardod Rundh. Rundhs were the reserve forests under the Alwar Princely state used for Hunting by royals andas large grazing lands. There are many Rundhs in Kotputli-Behror district and enroachments are frequent. While Banis were smaller non-notified community forests. These forests have been notified as Leopard Sanctuary in

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2756-682: Was mentioned as Priyadarshi in these Rock Edicts. These are minor rock edicts found near Bhabru hills, now located in Museum of Asiatic Society Kolkata. The edict was discovered by Captain Burt in 1840, and transferred to the Museum of the Asiatic Society of Bengal at Calcutta, hence the name "Calcutta-Bairat", also called the Bhabra or Bhabru Edict . In this inscription, Ashoka is referred to as "Piyadasi Raja Magadhe" ("Piyadasi, king of Magadha") It

2809-416: Was ruled under Narnaul Suba with the governor situate in Narnaul. Chieftainships In the subsequent tumultuous years Madan Singh, commonly known as Rao Made Chauhan, founded the village of Madanpur which is now known as Mundawar. Over time Barod was also acquired by his descendants. Firoz Shah forced Rao Jhama (son of Rao Hasa) to embrace Islam, but he preferred death. However, Rao Chand, son of Rao Jhama,

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