93-813: Mössingen is a town in the district of Tübingen , in Baden-Württemberg , Germany . It is situated north of the Swabian Jura , about 13 km south of Tübingen . Mössingen is located on the northern edge of the Swabian Jura in the Valley of the Steinlach , a right tributary of the Neckar . The lowest point of the urban area is 435 m NN at the Untere Mühle (lower mill) on the Steinlach,
186-616: A Frankish invasion led by Clovis I . The Holy Roman Empire was later established. The majority of people in this region continued to be Roman Catholics, even after the Protestant Reformation influenced populations in northern Germany. In the late 18th and early 19th century, Künzelsau , the capital of the Hohenlohe district , became the centre of emigration to the UK of pork butchers and bacon factors. The pioneers noticed
279-522: A bathhouse im Butzen, St. Johannesweiler and Steinhofen, the proofs of former castle First in Öschingen district and the deserted hamlet in the district Talheim. Mössingen is first mentioned in a document of Lorsch Abbey ("in pago Alemannorum in Messinger marca") from the year 774. Until the early 15th century Mössingen belonged to the Counts of Zollern. After a dispute between Count Friedrich XII. and
372-550: A diet of terrestrial insects and spiders caught from the ground. Bechstein's bats typically forage within one or two kilometers of their roost, and hunt primarily in the forest canopy. Tree holes, typically woodpecker holes, are used for roosting. Bechstein's bat is also recorded to enter artificial nest boxes , but rarely roosts in human buildings. Over the winter, Bechstein's bats hibernate underground and in tree holes. Mating happens in autumn and spring, and delayed fertilization means that young (one per female) are born early in
465-575: A dozen Fachhochschulen , i.e., universities of applied sciences, as well as Pädagogische Hochschulen , i.e., teacher training colleges, and other institutions of tertiary education in Baden-Württemberg. Pforzheim University is one of the oldest Fachhochschulen in Germany which is renowned and highly ranked for its Engineering and MBA programs. The state has the highest density of universities of any state in Germany. Railways form
558-568: A large portion of the animal's habitat. Bechstein's bats are occasionally also found in orchards , gardens and other cultivated areas. Bechstein's bat is protected under the European Habitats Directive . In the UK it is one of the region's rarest and most endangered species. It estimated that 21,600 individuals exist in the whole region, but the true population size is difficult to estimate and three potential error sources have been identified in this estimate and as such
651-481: A major part of the transport infrastructure in Baden-Württemberg. As of 2017, the main standard gauge railway network managed by DB Netz consists of about 3,350 kilometres (2,080 mi) of railway lines connecting all major settlements of the state, with about 6,500 trains operating every day. As part of high-speed rail in Germany , the Mannheim–Stuttgart and Stuttgart–Ulm high-speed lines were built, and
744-521: A niche for speciality pork products in the rapidly growing English cities, especially those in the industrial centre and North. Many married local women and sent word home that a good living could be made in England; others followed. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, numerous people emigrated from this primarily rural area to the United States for economic reasons. At the beginning of
837-484: A range of 10,300 and 55,600 individuals is provided. Woodlands containing Bechstein's bats may be considered for notification as a Site of Special Scientific Interest and may attract a grant under Natural England 's Environmental Stewardship scheme. On the rare chance one is spotted in the wild, authorities suggest immediately reporting it to a local batgroup or the Wildlife Trust. The High Speed 2 rail line
930-480: A silver diagonally upward to the left an extending waveband, which divides the black escutcheon in a right upper and left lower panel. The upper right box are three small heraldic shields. The lower left panel shows a silvery fountain with shared water jet. The three heraldic shields in the right upper field should remember the Dreifürstenstein, the mountain of Mössingen. On Dreifürstenstein the boundaries of
1023-532: A slide. On 12 May 2006, this area was included to the list of National Geotops. Other major landslides occurred, also after previous heavy rainfall, on 3 June 2013. The area of about one hectare was taken solely at the landslide in the Öschingen cottage settlement. The settlement was evacuated then. More landslides occurred on the southwest side of the Farrenberg , on Buchberg, at the Talheim waterfalls and at
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#17327930909571116-528: A sovereign country (2020), it would have an economy comparable to that of Sweden in terms of nominal gross domestic product (GDP). A number of well-known enterprises are headquartered in the state, for example Mercedes-Benz Group , Porsche , Robert Bosch GmbH (automobile industry), Carl Zeiss AG (optics), SAP (Europe's most valuable brand as well as the largest non-American software enterprise) and Heidelberger Druckmaschinen (precision mechanical engineering). Despite this, Baden-Württemberg's economy
1209-525: A state of West Germany in April 1952 through the merger of South Baden , Württemberg-Baden , and Württemberg-Hohenzollern . These states had been created by the Allies as they separated traditional states into occupation zones after World War II Baden-Württemberg is especially known for its strong economy with various industries like car manufacturing , electrical engineering , mechanical engineering ,
1302-646: A tourist magnet in all major towns, the largest being in Stuttgart during the three weeks before Christmas. The Bertha Benz Memorial Route is a 194 km signposted scenic route from Mannheim via Heidelberg and Wiesloch to Pforzheim and back, which follows the route of the world's first long-distance journey by automobile which Bertha Benz undertook in August 1888. Baden-Württemberg also contains Europa-Park in Rust . The largest theme park in Germany, and
1395-661: Is a red-backed shrike habitat and reproductive center of the Euplagia quadripunctaria moth. On the Filsenberg incubates the woodlark . The orchards are also bat areas. In the woods on the Albtrauf bat boxes have been provided for the establishment of bats. There, the Bechstein's bat is found in large numbers. The following cities and municipalities adjoin the city Mössingen and belong to district of Tübingen ¹ or
1488-542: Is a notary. Furthermore, Mössingen is the seat of the Foundation KBF , the largest employer of Mössingen. Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg Baden-Württemberg ( / ˌ b ɑː d ən ˈ v ɜːr t ə m b ɜːr ɡ / BAH -dən VURT -əm-burg ; German: [ˌbaːdn̩ ˈvʏʁtəmbɛʁk] ), commonly shortened to BW or BaWü , is a German state ( Land ) in Southwest Germany , east of
1581-432: Is a partly-sovereign parliamentary republic . The largest city in Baden-Württemberg is the state capital of Stuttgart , followed by Mannheim and Karlsruhe . Other major cities are Freiburg im Breisgau , Heidelberg , Heilbronn , Pforzheim , Reutlingen , Tübingen , and Ulm . Modern Baden-Württemberg includes the historical territories of Baden , Prussian Hohenzollern , and Württemberg . Baden-Württemberg became
1674-465: Is a popular holiday destination. Main sights include the capital and biggest city, Stuttgart , modern and historical at the same time, with its urban architecture and atmosphere (and famously, its inner-city parks and historic Wilhelma zoo), its castles (such as Castle Solitude ), its museums as well as a rich cultural programme (theatre, opera) and mineral spring baths in Bad Cannstatt (also
1767-530: Is a tennis hall. Aviation sports can be operated from the airfield on the Farrenberg. Boules , the French national sport can be played on two courses in the green area at the Steinlach. Pelmeni, the true Messenger Strudle are prepared by local butchers and restaurateurs still themselves. Mössingen was until 1995 also the seat of a forestry office. Part-time farms are still widespread. A high priority occupies
1860-626: Is dominated by small and medium-sized enterprises, like most companies in German-speaking countries are . Although poor in workable natural resources (formerly lead, zinc, iron, silver, copper, and salts) and still very rural in some areas, the region is heavily industrialised overall. In 2003, there were almost 8,800 manufacturing enterprises with more than 20 employees, but only 384 with more than 500. There are 3,779 companies in Baden-Württemberg corporate family which come to 1000–5000 employees in total. The latter category accounts for 43% of
1953-399: Is suitable for smaller casts. The modern Catholic Marienkirche has a 2-manual organ of. Theater group Schwobastroich The "Lichtspiele Mössingen" are regarded as one of the most beautiful theaters in southwestern Germany. The program series "cinema on Friday" and "Cinema & Church" (since 1991) show the latest movies. The cinema was awarded several times. Since 1985, a memorial plaque on
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#17327930909572046-509: Is the Landtag , located in Stuttgart. The state government is currently formed by a Greens - CDU coalition as the third cabinet of Minister-President Winfried Kretschmann (Greens). The politics of Baden-Württemberg have traditionally been dominated by the conservative Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU), which had led all but one government since 1952 until 2011. In the Landtag elections held on 27 March 2011 , voters replaced
2139-464: Is to run through Sheephouse Wood; a bat protection structure in the form of a tunnel approximately half a mile long is to be built to prevent the Bechstein's bats known to roost in the woodland from colliding with the trains. The projected cost of the structure is £100 million. The frequencies used by this bat species for echolocation lie between 35 and 108 kHz. Its echolocation calls have
2232-512: The Farrenberg south of the city. The drinking water comes via pipelines from the Lake of Constance . In Talheim runs a pumping station to increase the water pressure. The association Lake Constance Water Supply has its headquarter in Stuttgart. The water reservoir for the drinking water supply of Mössingen is lying on the almost 600-meter-high Schlossbuckel. The waste water is treated in the sewage treatment in Steinlach near Tübingen. In Mössingen
2325-592: The Fruit picking . Engine of the economy has long been in the textile industry . The decisive factor was the situation at the Steinlach for the generation of electricity. One of the main employer was the PAUSA company, a textile printing works, founded in 1871. 1919, it was renamed PAUSA AG and was shut down in 2004. In second place are wood and metal processing industry. In Mössingen there are primarily small and medium-sized businesses. Extensive commercial areas are located in
2418-642: The German constitution providing an accession procedure. On 9 December 1951, a referendum was held in Württemberg-Baden, Württemberg-Hohenzollern and (South) Baden over a possible merger, or the restoration of the former pre-war states. There was strong support for the merger in Württemberg and Hohenzollern, but opposition in Baden. While a majority in the historic area of Baden (52%) voted to restore
2511-652: The Karlsruhe–Basel high-speed line , paralleling the traditional Mannheim–Karlsruhe–Basel railway , is currently under construction. In and around Stuttgart, the old terminal station is currently being replaced with an underground through station as part of the controversial Stuttgart 21 project. Local branch lines of around 860 kilometres (530 mi), managed by the state-owned SWEG and Hohenzollerische Landesbahn (HzL), Karlsruhe-owned Albtal-Verkehrs-Gesellschaft (AVG), private Württembergische Eisenbahn (WEG) and other smaller rail infrastructure operators, complete
2604-598: The Reformation . As a result of the Thirty Years' War , the war of succession and the Revolutionary Wars took place and caused serious economic damage. An emigration swell in the late 18th to the early 19th century to Poland , Transylvania and America weakened the site further. Mössingen found widespread attention on 31 January 1933, as the location of the sole workers' uprising in Germany against
2697-788: The Republic of Baden , the Free People's State of Württemberg and the Free State of Prussia . Following Adolf Hitler becoming chancellor of Germany in 1933, the democratic institutions of Baden, Württemberg and Prussia were abolished as part of the Gleichschaltung . After World War II, the Allies established three states in the territory of modern-day Baden-Württemberg: (South) Baden , Württemberg-Baden and Württemberg-Hohenzollern . Baden and Württemberg-Hohenzollern were occupied by France , while Württemberg-Baden
2790-533: The Reutlingen county ² and the Zollernalbkreis ³ (starting clockwise from the north): Nehren ¹, Gomaringen ¹, Reutlingen ², Sonnenbühl ², Burladingen ³, Hechingen ³, Bodelshausen ¹ and Ofterdingen ¹. The city Mössingen consists of the three districts Mössingen, Öschingen and Talheim . The neighborhoods are spatially identical to the former municipalities of the same name. Mössingen includes
2883-458: The Rhine , which forms the southern part of Germany's western border with France . With more than 11.07 million inhabitants as of 2019 across a total area of nearly 35,752 km (13,804 sq mi), it is the third-largest German state by both area (behind Bavaria and Lower Saxony ) and population (behind North Rhine-Westphalia and Bavaria). As a federated state , Baden-Württemberg
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2976-748: The Schwäbisches Tagblatt and the Reutlingen General-Anzeiger. Once a week, the official journal of the Town Mössingen appears. In a quarry on the western edge of the district the slate of the Black Jurassic was broken down for many years. Other quarries were located below the Hirschkopf. There White Jurassic lime was broken for the recovery of paths gravel. Despite the location of Mössingen on
3069-568: The Swabian Jura mountain range. The Black Forest formed part of the border between Baden and Württemberg. In 100 AD, the Roman Empire invaded and occupied Württemberg, constructing a limes along its northern borders. Over the course of the third century AD, the Alemanni forced the Romans to retreat west beyond the Rhine and Danube rivers. In 496 AD the Alemanni were defeated by
3162-454: The highest exports (2019) and third-highest imports (2020), the second-lowest unemployment rate with 4.3% (March 2021), the most patents pending per capita (2020), the second-highest absolute and highest relative number of companies considered " hidden champions ", and the highest absolute and relative research and development expenditure (2017) among all states in Germany, as well as the highest measured Innovationsindex (2012), making it
3255-523: The service sector , and more. It has the third-highest gross regional product (GRP) in Germany. Part of the Four Motors for Europe and located in the Blue Banana , some of the largest German companies are headquartered in Baden-Württemberg, including Mercedes-Benz Group , Schwarz Group , Porsche , Bosch and SAP . The sobriquet Ländle , a diminutive of the word Land in
3348-560: The 1.2 million persons employed in the industry. The Mittelstand or mid-sized company model is the backbone of the Baden-Württemberg economy. Medium-sized businesses and a tradition of branching into different industrial sectors have ensured specialisation over a wide range. A fifth of the "old" Federal Republic's industrial gross value added is generated by Baden-Württemberg. Turnover for manufacturing in 2003 exceeded 240,000 million, 43% of which came from exports. The region depends to some extent on global economic developments, though
3441-445: The 1990s, the around 120 individual regional train services in Baden-Württemberg have been managed by the state-owned Nahverkehrsgesellschaft Baden-Württemberg (NVBW), which has started to commercially tender out these train operations. DB Regio, SWEG, HzL, AVG and WEG have been joined in operating regional trains by Abellio , Agilis , Bodensee-Oberschwaben-Bahn , Go-Ahead , SBB , Schwäbische Alb-Bahn and VIAS , which entered
3534-621: The 20th century, the territory of modern-day Baden-Württemberg consisted of the Grand Duchy of Baden , the Kingdom of Württemberg and the province of Hohenzollern of the Kingdom of Prussia . Since 1871, these had been part of the German Empire . In the aftermath of World War I and as part of the German revolution of 1918 , the monarchs of Baden, Württemberg and Prussia were deposed, and these states became democratic republics:
3627-895: The Albtrauf, the presence of mineral springs and the diverse natural features, tourism has gained not a high priority. Mössingen is an important regional center of education. In 1957 the Gottlieb-Rühle-secondary school was completed. This was followed in 1967 by the Friedrich-List-Realschule and 1973, the Quenstedt-Gymnasium and the Flattich-special school. In the southern port the Physically Handicapped School (KBS) just 2 years later emerged as part of
3720-711: The Christian Democrats and centre-right Free Democrats (FDP) coalition with an alliance of the Greens and Social Democrats (SPD), which secured a four-seat majority in the state parliament. The alliance elected the Greens-led first Kretschmann cabinet under Winfried Kretschmann because the Greens had surprisingly won 36 seats, one more than the Social Democrats' 35 seats. In the 2016 election ,
3813-588: The Danube, in Donaueschingen is often referred to as the "source of the Danube" ( Donauquelle ). Hydrologically, the source of the Danube is the source of the Breg as the larger of the two formative streams, which rises near Furtwangen . The forests in this region are home to common pests such as Melolontha Hippocastrani , that cause damage to the foliage and soil. Baden-Württemberg is – along with Bavaria –
Mössingen - Misplaced Pages Continue
3906-757: The Ensar-Camii Mosque in the Karl-Jaggy-Straße. The office of the Regional Association Neckar-Alb is since 1 November 1992 in Mössingen. There is an agreed management unit of the Town of Mössingen with the communities Bodelshausen and Ofterdingen. In the regional plan Mössingen is recognized as a center and is part of the central region of Tübingen. Mössingen leads in addition, relief and supplementary functions at
3999-566: The Federal Constitutional Court decided in 1969 that another referendum should be held by 30 June 1970. The referendum in the historic area of Baden was finally held on 7 June 1970, with 81.9% of the voters voting in favour of the merger of Baden and Württemberg. Baden-Württemberg shares borders with the German states of Rhineland-Palatinate , Hesse , and Bavaria , and also shares borders with France ( Alsace , within
4092-412: The German state with the third-highest gross regional product (GRP) as of 2019 (behind North Rhine-Westphalia and Bavaria ) with €524,325 billion (around US$ 636.268 billion). Baden-Württemberg also has the most employees (233,296) in the automotive industry of all German states as of 2018 , as well as the third-highest number of motor vehicles of all German states (2020). If Baden-Württemberg were
4185-534: The Jacob-Stotz Square reminds of the communist opponent of Hitler Jacob Stotz, who led as authoritative party to Mössinger general strike of 31 January 1933 one of the few made in Germany 'protests against the Nazi dictatorship for which he was sentenced to several years of imprisonment, but this survived and after 1945 participated in the democratic reconstruction of the site. since 2003. Furthermore, recalls
4278-631: The Langassturnhalle (gym) another plaque on the Mössingen general strike. Main carrier of sportsmanship in Mössingen is the Sports Association (SpVgg) Mössingen (approximately 2,000 members) with two sports fields and a clubhouse in the Lange Straße/Lichtensteinstraße. Tennis facilities of the Mössingen tennis club are located near the public swimming pool. In the industrial area "Lange Hirschen" there
4371-572: The Lords of Ow Mössingen was looted and burned in the early 15th century. Consequently, the Mössingen cemetery was attached with a high Wall and a defensive tower. 1415 pledged Count Friedrich von Zollern Mössingen to Count Eberhard von Württemberg . After protracted negotiations with the Count of Zollern, Mössingen came in 1441 finally to the Duchy of Württemberg . In 1534, Ulrich of Württemberg introduced
4464-720: The Oberamt and 1934 to district Rottenburg. This became later district of Tübingen. Mössingen is Protestant since the Reformation . The currently existing parishes Martin Luther , Johannes and Peter and Paul belong to the Evangelical Lutheran Church. Furthermore, there are a community of evangelical pietists and the United Methodist Church of Christ. The Roman Catholic Church is located in the diaspora. The number of Catholic Christians grew with
4557-438: The Talheim platforms. From April to June, various natural flowering aspects arise starting with the plum and cherry and ending with the flowering of the species-rich meadows on the escarpment of the Swabian Jura. The slopes of the nearby city Mössingen, Albberge and parts of Albvorland such as the Firstberg or the Bästenhardt forest, are forested. Specifically, the marl hangs and locations via shale and Dogger/were planted in
4650-417: The United Kingdom, Bechstein's bat occurs chiefly in southeastern Great Britain , which has been called the northernmost extent of its range, although it also occurs in southern Sweden. It is found in the Forest of Dean and Herefordshire . In 2009 a detailed study by The Bat Conservation Trust of 10 counties took place to determine the range of the Bechstein's bat and in 2010 a lactating female Bechstein's
4743-416: The area of NSG landslide on Hirschkopf no more use will take place, so that there the natural evolution of living nature can be observed and researched scientifically by permanent observation. Mössingen has a rich variety of avifauna . Significant habitats are highly structured and large orchards . Outstanding are the individual-rich populations of the rare collared flycatcher . The plateau of Farrenbergs
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#17327930909574836-412: The city of Ulm are colder than in Berlin. While winters in the warmest areas often lack snow, the Black Forest , Swabian Alb and the Alps tend to get snow frequently, especially in areas of high elevation. Summers here have more rain than in the valleys, but winters tend to have more sun. Due to the differences of the landscapes, average annual temperatures reach from only 5 °C (41 °F) in
4929-424: The city to the north with Tübingen and Stuttgart and to the south with Hechingen . From district Talheim leads L 385 as a pass road to the plateau of the Swabian Jura by Melchingen. The L 384 connects Mössingen with Reutlingen and the neighboring Nehren. A ring road, the north ring leads traffic around the north of Mössingen. It was built in 16 months for 5.061 million €. Mössingen was officially connected with
5022-447: The core city Mössingen, the village Belsen , the hamlet Bad Sebastiansweiler , the houses Ziegelhütte and the district of Bästenhardt. The district Öschingen includes the village and the houses Krümlingmühle. The district Talheim includes the village Talheim and the courtyards Bleiche, Obermühle, Salpeterhütte and Unterhütte. In the city there are several proofs of former, no longer inhabited localities and proofs of former castles: Buch,
5115-481: The flower island of Mainau , and the hometown of the Zeppelin , Friedrichshafen a.o., are especially popular for outdoor activities in the summer months. In spring and autumn (April/May and September/October), beer festivals (fun fairs) take place at the Cannstatter Wasen in Stuttgart. The Cannstatter Volksfest , in the autumn, is the second-largest such festival in the world after the Munich Oktoberfest . In late November and early December Christmas markets are
5208-586: The following summer. Maternity colonies typically form late in the spring. Bechstein's bat can be found in the following countries: Austria , Armenia , Azerbaijan , Belarus , Belgium , Bosnia and Herzegovina , Bulgaria , Croatia , Czech Republic , Denmark , France , Georgia , Germany , Hungary , Iran , Italy , Liechtenstein , Moldova , Montenegro , Netherlands , North Macedonia , Poland , Portugal , Romania , Russian Federation , Serbia , Slovakia , Slovenia , Spain , Sweden , Switzerland , Turkey , Ukraine , United Kingdom and Iran . In
5301-411: The former pre-war states, the majority of voters overall (69%) voted in favor of a merger. Baden-Württemberg officially became a state on 25 April 1952. There were still opponents to the merger of Baden and Württemberg, however. In 1956 the Federal Constitutional Court decided that the population of Baden should have their say in a separate referendum. The second referendum was delayed, however, and
5394-507: The great adaptability of the region's economy has generally helped it through crises. Half of the employees in the manufacturing industry are in mechanical and electrical engineering and automobile construction. This is also where the largest enterprises are to be found. The importance of the precision mechanics industry also extends beyond the region's borders, as does that of the optical, clock making, toy, metallurgy and electronics industries. The textile industry, which formerly dominated much of
5487-441: The highest point is on the top of Dreifürstenstein with 853.5 NN. Mössingen is in the area of a convoluted rock sequence from clays , sandstones , marls and limestone benches of Black, Brown and White Jurassic ( Lias , Dogger and Malm ). Most important are the more than 100 m thick banked limestones of the White Jura β constituting the highly visible edge of the Swabian Jura. On 12 April 1983, after persistent rains,
5580-405: The inauguration of the station on 24 July 1869 to the railway network. It is currently breakpoint along the railway line Tübingen-Aulendorf, the so-called Tübingen-Sigmaringen railway . The Public transport is guaranteed by the Verkehrsverbund Neckar-Alb-Donau (NALDO). The city is located in the comb 113. An airfield ( Segelfluggelände Farrenberg ) for gliders and light aircraft is located on
5673-425: The influx of expellees and guest workers from Catholic regions. The enlargement of the Catholic parish made a new church in the new city center necessary. The New Apostolic Church is represented in Mössingen with a church. A Baptist church community ( Baptists ) meets regularly in Belsen district. A Kingdom Hall of Jehovah's Witnesses is located in the industrial area Schlattwiesen. Muslims attend Friday prayers at
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#17327930909575766-431: The international borders within its waters not being clearly defined. It shares the foothills of the Alps (known as the Allgäu ) with Bavaria and the Austrian Vorarlberg , but Baden-Württemberg itself has no mainland border with Austria. The Danube is conventionally taken to be formed by the confluence of the two streams Brigach and Breg just east of Donaueschingen . The source of the Donaubach , which flows into
5859-499: The largest landslide in Baden-Württemberg took place in the Mössingen district at the Hirschkopf (stag head), 48°22′40″N 09°04′00″E / 48.37778°N 9.06667°E / 48.37778; 9.06667 ) due to the layered conditions of different rocks of the edge of the Alb ( Albtrauf ). Hard limes are stored here on plastic marls and clays. Furthermore, rock material is continually transported away by natural erosion , so it must come inevitably sooner or later to such
5952-403: The level of a middle center. Since the survey for major district town (2009) the mayor (regular legislature, eight years) carries the official title of Mayor. The coat of arms was introduced in 1952 by the former municipality Mössingen. The colors of the emblem black and silver are intended to identify the former membership in the county Zollern. The coat of arms shows on a black background with
6045-453: The local Swabian , Alemannic and Franconian dialects, is sometimes used as a synonym for Baden-Württemberg. Baden-Württemberg is formed from the historical territories of Württemberg , Baden and Prussian Hohenzollern . Baden spans along the flat right bank of the river Rhine from north-west to the south ( Lake Constance ) of the present state, whereas Württemberg and Hohenzollern lay more inland and hillier, including areas such as
6138-435: The market. Starting in the 1970s, regional rail around major cities has been transformed into high-frequent S-Bahn networks, currently the following systems exist (partly) in Baden-Württemberg: Stuttgart S-Bahn , Rhine-Neckar S-Bahn , Breisgau S-Bahn and Basel S-Bahn . In and around the cities of Karlsruhe and Heilbronn, the Karlsruhe Stadtbahn system combines elements of traditional S-Bahns with tram operations within
6231-495: The membrane attached to the base of the feet. Its wingspan measures up to 30 cm (11.8 in.) and it has a head-to-body length of 5 cm (1.9 in) Bechstein's bat feeds chiefly on flying prey such as moths , dipterans , neuropterans and other small nocturnal insects. Analysis of droppings from the Isle of Wight and Wiltshire shows a diet consisting of dung flies , grasshoppers , nut weevils , and moths. Populations cut off from forest land are recorded to shift to
6324-671: The microclimates of Black Forest and Allgäu up to 13 °C (55 °F) in the Upper Rhine Valley. Baden-Württemberg is divided into thirty-five districts ( Landkreise ) and nine independent cities ( Stadtkreise ), both grouped into the four Administrative Districts ( Regierungsbezirke ) of Freiburg , Karlsruhe , Stuttgart , and Tübingen . [REDACTED] The 35 districts: Baden-Württemberg contains nine additional independent cities not belonging to any district: The Baden-Württemberg General Auditing Office acts as an independent body to monitor public offices' correct use of public funds. The state parliament of Baden-Württemberg
6417-405: The neo-liberal thinktank Initiative for New Social Market Economy and the trade newspaper Wirtschaftswoche awarded Baden-Württemberg for being the "economically most successful and most dynamic state" among the 16 states. The unemployment rate stood at 3% in October 2018 and was the second lowest in Germany behind only Bavaria and one of the lowest in the European Union . Baden-Württemberg
6510-595: The past with softwood . The streams are usually accompanied by natural alder-ash forests. Small area calcareous grasslands on Brown Jura slopes recall the time when the shepherding still took a greater role. Parts of the urban area with the Mössingen Farrenberg and the Roßberg include the 92/43/EEC Habitats Directive areas 7620-343 Albtrauf between Mössingen and Gönningen and 7520-341 Albvorland in Mössingen . The Protected Areas Olga Höhe (Olga Hight), landslip on Hirschkopf (stag head), [Filsenberg] and Öschenbachtal are incorporated into these protected areas. In
6603-410: The physically disabled Centre Neckar-Alb. Other primary and secondary schools are located in the districts and Bästenhardt Talheim. The Evangelical-Lutheran Church in Württemberg built from 1962 to 1965 northeast of Mössingen a secondary school with boarding, today Evangelische Schulen am Firstwald. The Volkshochschule Tübingen maintains a branch office in Mössingen. The Bundesstraße 27 is connecting
6696-571: The popular Kretschmann and his Greens were reelected and, with their nationwide best result, turned out first place for the first time in any election in German history. However, because of the Social Democrats' heavy losses, the Greens formed a coalition government with the Christian Democrats, the second Kretschmann cabinet . After the most recent election in 2021, the Greens-CDU coalition was upheld. Although Baden-Württemberg has relatively few natural resources compared to other regions of Germany,
6789-585: The pristine Danube valley Swabian Alb (with Hohenzollern Castle and Sigmaringen Castle ), as well as the largely pristine Swabian Forest , the Upper Rhine Valley , and Lake Constance , where all kinds of water sports are popular, with the former Imperial, today border town of Konstanz (where the Council of Constance took place), the Neolithic and Bronze Age village at Unteruhldingen ,
6882-615: The region of Grand Est ), and Switzerland (cantons of Basel-Landschaft , Basel-Stadt , Aargau , Zürich , Schaffhausen and Thurgau ). Most of the major cities of Baden-Württemberg straddle the banks of the Neckar River , which has its source in Villingen-Schwenningen and runs downstream (from southwest to the centre, then northwest) through the state past Tübingen , Stuttgart , Heilbronn , Heidelberg , and Mannheim . The Rhine (German: Rhein ) forms
6975-523: The region, has disappeared from Baden-Württemberg. Research and development (R&D) is funded jointly by the state and industry. In 2001, more than a fifth of the 100,000 or so persons working in R&;D in Germany were located in Baden-Württemberg, most of them in the Stuttgart area. Baden-Württemberg is also the region with the highest GDP of the Four Motors for Europe . A study performed in 2007 by
7068-408: The river Neckar, are popular smaller towns. Sites of former monasteries such as the ones on Reichenau Island and at Maulbronn (both World Heritage Sites ) as well as Bebenhausen Abbey are to be found. Baden-Württemberg also boasts rich old Free Imperial Cities such as Biberach , Esslingen am Neckar , Heilbronn , Ravensburg , Reutlingen , Künzelsau , Schwäbisch Hall and Aalen as well as
7161-661: The second most popular theme park in Europe, after Disneyland Paris . Baden-Württemberg is home to some of the oldest, most renowned, and prestigious universities in Germany, such as the universities of Heidelberg (founded in 1386, the oldest university within the territory of modern Germany), Freiburg (founded in 1457), and Tübingen (founded in 1477). It also contains three of the eleven German excellence universities (Heidelberg, Tübingen, Konstanz and Karlsruhe and formerly, Freiburg ). Other university towns are Mannheim and Ulm . Furthermore, two universities are located in
7254-491: The seizure of power by Adolf Hitler . The Mössingen general strike, led by members of the Communist Party of Germany , led to 80 arrests. Through population growth, immigration profits by expellees and foreign and resettled Russia German , the economic upturn from 1950 reached the region. A commuter town , Bästenhardt, was built. On 1 January 1971, the inclusion of the municipality Talheim took place. Öschingen
7347-431: The site of a Roman Castra ); it is the only major city in Germany with vineyards in an urban territory. The residential (court) towns of Ludwigsburg and Karlsruhe , the spas and casino of luxurious Baden-Baden , the medieval architecture of Ulm ( Ulm Münster is the tallest church in the world), the vibrant, young, but traditional university towns of Heidelberg and Tübingen with their old castles looking out above
7440-429: The south-west and north (Schlattwiesen) of core city. The current main emphasis is in trade and services. At the edge of the city core, numerous wholesale markets have settled. There are shops for the specific needs such as jewelers, opticians and toy stores, but also service providers such as financial institutions, insurance companies and medical practices. As local newspapers with appropriate local section are available
7533-496: The southernmost and sunniest city of Germany, Freiburg , close to Alsace and Switzerland, being an ideal base for exploring the heights of the nearby Black Forest (e.g., for skiing in winter or for hiking in summer) with its traditional villages and the surrounding wine country of the Rhine Valley of South Baden. The countryside of the lush Upper Neckar valley (where Rottweil is famous for its Fastnacht carnival) and
7626-473: The southernmost part of Germany. The climate across the states varies. This is mostly due to a high amount of mountains and highlands inside of the state. Most parts in the western parts (Baden) lower than 500–800 metres (1,600–2,600 ft) enjoy an almost year round mild oceanic climate (cfb in Köppen classification). The climate in the eastern parts of the state is more continental. For instance, winters in
7719-672: The state capital Stuttgart , the University of Hohenheim , and the University of Stuttgart . Ludwigsburg is home to the renowned national film school Filmakademie Baden-Württemberg (Film Academy Baden-Wuerttemberg). The private International University in Germany was situated in Bruchsal , but closed in 2009. Another private university is located in Friedrichshafen, Zeppelin University . Furthermore, there are more than
7812-419: The state is among the most prosperous and wealthiest regions in Europe with a generally low unemployment rate historically. The state's economic performance benefits from and relies on its well-developed infrastructure. Apart from the city-states of Berlin , Bremen and Hamburg , Baden-Württemberg offers the fourth-shortest routes to trains and buses on average among all German states. Baden-Württemberg has
7905-528: The state's railway infrastructure. Passenger train services in Baden-Württemberg are operated partly by various subsidiaries of Deutsche Bahn , the national railway operator, such as DB Fernverkehr with its high-speed ICE , as well as IC trains ; and DB Regio , operating some regional train services in the state. Cross-border train services are also provided by French Railways ' TGV trains, as well as by Swiss Federal Railways and Austrian Federal Railways (including its Nightjet night trains). Since
7998-456: The station, the old city center was pedestrianized. Also, contributed to the traffic exculpatory, North and South ring were built. 2008, the state government approved the proposal of the city, to raise Mössingen on 1 January 2009 to Große Kreisstadt . The Mössingen neighborhoods have a convoluted and different story, though all including the urban core belonged till 1403 to the county of Zollern and then came to Württemberg. Here they belonged to
8091-607: The three territories Württemberg, Hohenzollern and Fürstenberg clashed. Saint-Julien-en-Genevois , France, since 13 January 1990 Sacred concertos Mössingen. Venue of the "Spiritual Concerts" are the three Protestant churches in Mössingen and the Catholic Marienkirche. The Peter and Paul church has excellent acoustics and a Weimer organ from 1820. For smaller forces, the Johannes Church in Bästenhardt
8184-459: The urban cores ( tram-trains ). Bechstein%27s bat Bechstein's bat ( Myotis bechsteinii ) is a species of vesper bat found in Europe and western Asia, living in extensive areas of woodland. Bechstein's bat is a medium-sized and relatively long-eared bat. The adult has a long, fluffy fur which is reddish-brown above and gray-white below. It has a pinkish face, and its ears are long and broad. The wings are dark brown and rather broad, with
8277-741: The western border as well as large portions of the southern border. The Black Forest (Schwarzwald), the central mountain range of the state, rises east of the Upper Rhine valley . The high plateau of the Swabian Alb , between the Neckar, the Black Forest, and the Danube, is an essential European watershed . Baden-Württemberg shares Lake Constance (Bodensee, also known regionally as the Swabian Sea) with Switzerland, Austria and Bavaria,
8370-666: Was caught and recorded near Colby in Southern Pembrokeshire . By 2016, Bechstein's bats were also known to roost in Sheephouse Wood, near Aylesbury in Buckinghamshire . Bechstein's bat is specialized for inhabiting forested areas, and is rarely found outside of them. It is recorded in mixed forests in southwestern Asia , but European populations prefer deciduous forests with high proportions of old trees. Beech and oak woodlands make up
8463-744: Was discovered in Grafton Wood , an Ancient Wood originally part of the Forest of Feckenham and jointly owned by the Worcestershire Wildlife Trust and Butterfly Conservation , suggesting that there was a breeding colony in the wood or close by. The following year Bechstein's bats were again found at Grafton Wood and also at Trench Wood , also in Worcestershire . The People's Trust for Endangered Species are funding further research work at Grafton Wood. A single male
8556-406: Was incorporated on 1 December 1971. On 1 January 1974, the municipal rights were awarded. As a result of the further increase in population, the city has been further expanded. In Öschingen, Belsen and at the edges of the core city and Bästenhardt incurred large residential areas. Industry settled primarily on the north side and between the core city and Bästenhardt/Belsen. The town hall was rebuilt at
8649-606: Was occupied by the United States . The new artificial borders were a consequence of France requesting its own occupation zone in Germany after World War II, and the Americans' wish to keep the A8 motorway , which spans east-west across northern Baden and northern Württemberg, wholly within their occupation zone. In 1949, each state became a founding member of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany), with Article 118 of
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