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70-668: Created as a back-up facility for the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Physics at Kremlev , the All-Russian Institute for Theoretical Physics (VNIITF) has at its disposal expertise in the entire spectrum of work connected with the design and development of nuclear weapons, including nuclear physics, high-pressure physics, hydrodynamics, mathematical modelling, design and technological work on nuclear devices, nuclear effects monitoring. The institute has initiated

140-521: A nuclear power plant in Kaliningrad started on 25 February 2010, but was suspended for the project to be redesigned. There are also plans to build two more units at Leningrad NPP, two units at Smolensk NPP , two more units at Novovoronezh NPP and two more units at Kursk NPP . In mid-June 2021, Rosatom announced that two 600 MW VVER reactors will be added to Kola NPP with the first coming online in 2034. In early June 2021, construction of

210-447: A 38% world market share and in 2019 led in global uranium enrichment services (36%) and covers 16% of the global nuclear fuel market. The state corporation is authorized on behalf of the state to fulfill Russia's international obligations in the field of the use of nuclear energy and of non-proliferation of nuclear materials. Rosatom is also involved with large-scale projects such as ITER and FAIR . As of February 2021,

280-640: A completely satisfying place in the former Sarov Monastery (a famous saint that lived in the monastery, the Saint Seraphim of Sarov , later became a patron saint of Russia's nuclear weapons) not far from Arzamas (hence the names Arzamas-75 and Arzamas-16), on the border with the Mordovian reserve . On the territory of the monastery, there was plant number 550 (hence the names Site 550 etc.), which produced mortar shells, guns, rockets for BM-13 "Katyusha" rocket launchers, and other types of weapons. Behind

350-410: A leak or accident at its nuclear sites and suggested that the plume was caused by a satellite burning upon reentry. A 2019 study ruled out the satellite hypothesis. By analyzing air sample data from multiple monitoring sites, the scientists determined that the most likely cause of the plume was a fire or explosion while attempting to process ruthenium into cerium-144. Rosatom continues to deny that there

420-456: A number of highly technical conversion projects based on this expertise. It has a collocated experimental plant for production of prototypes designed at the institute. Immediately after the organization of the Institute, Yevgeny Zababakhin , after the departure of Kirill Shchelkin (1960) became a scientific advisor and worked in this position for 25 years until his death. By the decree of

490-565: A resolution was adopted by the Council of Ministers of the USSR - No. 805-327ss on the creation of KB-11 at Laboratory No. 2 of the USSR Academy of Sciences (Kurchatov Institute). Pavel Mikhailovich Zernov  [ ru ] was appointed Head of KB-11 at the suggestion of Yu.B. Khariton, and the chief designer was Yulii Khariton . Construction of KB-11 on the plant No. 550 base in

560-651: A resolution was adopted by the State Defense Committee to begin work on the creation of an atomic bomb. The general leadership was entrusted to the Deputy Chairman of the State Defense Committee Lavrentiy Beria , who, in turn, appointed the head of the atomic project Igor Kurchatov (his appointment was signed on March 10). The information received through intelligence channels facilitated and accelerated

630-547: A strategy is aimed at eliminating internal competition, deliberately created earlier. This measure can be effective from the economic point of view in view of a large number of domestic and foreign orders. Rosatom is one of the world leaders in the number of simultaneously constructed power units. As of late 2021, Rosatom is building two new power units in Russia at Kursk Nuclear Power Plant II, and there are 35 power units at different stages of implementation abroad. Construction of

700-473: A subsidiary, is engaged in production of carbon fibre and fibre-based items, as well as R&D and engineering support to its partners. The other subsidiaries involved are JSC Khimprominzhiniring, and LLC ALABUGA-FIBRE. The managing company is the Digitalization Unit of Rosatom, which is engaged in solving tasks in three main areas: The participation in the digitalization of Russia, as Rosatom

770-479: Is JSC ASE EC , which has extensive capabilities for managing the construction of complex engineering facilities. The main business areas of the division include the design and construction of large NPPs in Russia and abroad, and developing digital technologies for managing complex engineering facilities based on the Multi-D platform. Key companies include JSC Atomenergoproekt, and JSC ATOMPROEKT. The managing company

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840-487: Is JSC Atomenergomash . It is one of Russia's largest groups of mechanical engineering enterprises offering a full range of solutions for the design, manufacture, and supply of equipment for the nuclear power industry. The division comprises more than 10 production sites, including production enterprises, engineering centers, and research organizations in Russia, Ukraine, the Czech Republic, and Hungary. According to

910-536: Is JSC Rosenergoatom . It is the only NPP operator in Russia and a key player in the Russian electricity market . Its main business areas include power and heat generation at NPPs and acting as the operator of nuclear facilities (nuclear power plants), radiation sources, and facilities storing nuclear materials and radioactive substances. Key companies include all Russian NPPs, JSC AtomEnergoRemont, JSC AtomEnergoSbyt, and TITAN-2 construction holding. The managing company

980-465: Is JSC Federal Center for Nuclear and Radiation Safety. It is dedicated to a centralized system for management of spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste , as well as decommissioning of hazardous nuclear and radiological facilities. Key companies include FSUE Mining and Chemical Combine , FSUE Radon, NO RWM. The managing company is JSC Science and Innovations. Key companies include Russian Scientific Center (RSC) – A.I. Leipunskiy IPPE, NII NPO Luch, and

1050-459: Is JSC NovaWind. This Rosatom's division concentrates its efforts in advanced areas of wind energy generation technology. Key companies include WindSGC, WindSGC-2, and Atompowerindustry Trade. The managing company is JSC Rusatom Healthcare. It has been historically developed at various enterprises of the Russian nuclear industry. In 2017, Rosatom established the division to bring together assets and expertise in healthcare. The nuclear medicine division

1120-415: Is JSC Rusatom Automated Control Systems. It builds comprehensive solutions for automation of production processes, manufactures and supplies electrical equipment , designs and constructs electricity supply facilities. The managing company is FSUE Federal Environmental Operator. The management company Rosenergoatom operates all of Russia's nuclear power plants and represents the electric power division of

1190-593: Is Rusatom Additive Technologies. It connects together the scientific and production companies of Rosatom in order to develop the area of additive production in Russia. It controls design and production of 3D-printers, additive powders, complete sets, software, and 3D-printing services. The managing company is LLC RENERA, which is engaged in the development of lithium-ion traction batteries for electric transport and fixed systems for energy accumulation, as well as products for emergency and uninterruptible power supply and storage systems for renewable energy. The managing company

1260-524: Is a Russian state corporation headquartered in Moscow that specializes in nuclear energy , nuclear non-energy goods and high-tech products. It was established in 2007 and comprises more than 350 enterprises, including scientific research organizations, a nuclear weapons complex , and the world's only nuclear icebreaker fleet. The organization is the largest electricity generating company in Russia, producing 215.746 TWh of electricity, 20.28% of

1330-436: Is a leading organization on the global nuclear fuel cycle front-end market and the only supplier of nuclear fuel for Russian NPPs and the nuclear-powered icebreaker fleet. Key daughter companies include Bochvar National Research Institute for Inorganic Materials, Siberian Chemical Combine , and Chepetskiy Mechanical Plant . The division's tasks include the fabrication of nuclear fuel, conversion and enrichment of uranium, and

1400-627: Is a research institute based in Sarov (formerly Arzamas-16), Russia and established in 1947. During the Soviet era, it was known as KB-11 and All-Soviet ( All-Union ) Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Physics (also abbreviated VNIIEF ) ( Russian : Всесоюзный научно-исследовательский институт экспериментальной физики , ВНИИЭФ). It is currently part of the Rosatom group. The All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Physics

1470-551: Is carried out at the Mayak Production Association at the RT-1 plant. The plant is currently processing the spent nuclear fuel (of various compositions) from power reactors ( BN-350 , VVER-440 , BN-600 , RBMK-1000 , VVER-1000 ; BN-MOX), from the research reactors of Russian and foreign scientific centers, and from the reactors of submarine and surface naval fleet transport power plants. The managing company

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1540-490: Is considering reducing support for new nuclear under its support contracts, called Dogovor Postavki Moshnosti (DPM), which guarantees developers a return on investment through increased payments from consumers for 20 years. Ruthenium , a byproduct of uranium-235 fission, is used by nuclear monitoring sites as an indicator of a nuclear accident. In October 2017, a plume of ruthenium-106 was detected by multiple laboratories throughout Europe. Rosatom denied that there had been

1610-604: Is converted to an oxide form at the W-ECP unit of Zelenogorsk Electrochemical Plant. Nuclear fuel is produced at Rosatom's Machine-building plant (JSC MSZ) and Novosibirsk Chemical Concentrates Plant (JSC NCCP). The plants produce UO 2 -based (enriched fresh and reprocessed uranium) nuclear fuel for all models of Russian power and research reactors, as well as for many foreign power and research reactor models and for Russian ship-based power installations. The development of accident-tolerant fuel for VVER and PWR reactors has now entered

1680-417: Is in charge of nuclear medicine, manufacturing and distribution of radioisotope products and radiation sterilization equipment, as well as creation of integrated turnkey solutions for medicine. Key companies include JSC Isotope and NIITFA. In February 2022, Rusatom Healthcare acquired 25,001% of shares of Medscan group, the rest of shares still being hold by its major shareholder, Yevgeny Tugolukov. JSC UMATEX

1750-753: Is the center of competences of the Federal Project Digital Technologies within the National Program Digital Economy, the development of digital products for nuclear power and beyond and the internal digitalization of the Russian nuclear industry, making it independent from foreign technologies in critical areas. The managing company is JSC Rusatom Infrastructure Solutions. The company develops, builds, modernizes, maintains water supply, water purification and water treatment facilities for energy, petrochemical, food, and other industries. The managing company

1820-489: Is the former Soviet Union's premier research and development center for nuclear weapons. The first Soviet atomic bomb was developed here in the late 1940s, after which the center continued as a center for nuclear weapons research. Many of the Soviet Union's best physicists were associated with Arzamas-16: Academician Andrey D. Sakharov worked here for nearly 20 years, and Academician Yuliy B. Khariton still served as

1890-556: The Council of Ministers transformed the First Main Directorate in charge of nuclear weapons program into the Ministry of Medium Machine Building (MinSredMash). The ministry was entrusted with the development of the civic nuclear power program. In 1989, Minsredmash and the Ministry of Atomic Energy merged to form the Ministry of Nuclear Engineering and Industry of the USSR . The Ministry for Atomic Energy of

1960-634: The Research Institute of Atomic Reactors . The development of the Northern Sea Route has become a Rosatom priority after the company was appointed its infrastructure operator in late 2018. Rosatom seeks to organize ship navigation within the NSR, develop the infrastructure of seaports, including energy, create a navigation safety system, as well as navigational and hydrographic support. In addition, several Rosatom entities are involved in

2030-546: The Russian nuclear industry . As part of the celebration, Rosatom launched its rebranding campaign “United Rosatom,” which made subsidiaries in the nuclear industry utilize the Rosatom's Möbius strip logo. In 2020, Rosatom set a goal of tripling its revenue to ₽4 trillion by 2030, 40% of which is set to come from new lines of business, with primarily focus on sustainable tech. In 2020, Rosatom approved an updated strategy with

2100-626: The American nuclear research facility Los Alamos ). As of August 2019, the Research Institute of Experimental Physics was a very large research complex with these institutes: Theoretical and mathematical physics ( Russian : теоретической и математической физики ), Gas dynamics and explosion physics ( Russian : Газодинамики и физики взрыва ), Nuclear and radiation physics ( Russian : Ядерной и радиационной физики ), Laser physical research ( Russian : Лазерно-физических исследований ), and

2170-541: The Center's scientific head in the 1990s. Before being given its current name, the facility was successively known as the Volga Office , KB-11 , Object No. 550 ( Site 550 ), " Kremlev " ( Kremlyev ), " Center 300, Moscow ", Arzamas-75 and Arzamas-16 . Other initial provisional names included Base 112 and Yasnogorsk . The researchers working there have sometimes referred to the place as " Los Arzamas " (after

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2240-592: The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated July 29, 1966 for services in the creation and production of a new specialized technology and for the successful implementation of plans during the years 1959-1965, VNIIP (later "RFNC-VNIITF") was awarded the Order of Lenin . By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on October 16, 1980 for merits in the creation of a new specialty, VNIIP

2310-460: The Rosatom mining division is JSC Atomredmetzoloto , which consolidates Russian uranium mining assets. Key daughter companies include JSC Khiagda and JSC Dalur. Uranium One is a separate global mining company that operates directly under Rosatom with a diverse portfolio of assets in Kazakhstan, United States, and Tanzania. The managing company of the Rosatom fuel division is JSC TVEL , which

2380-597: The Russian Federation [( Russian : Министерство по атомной энергии Российской Федерации, also known as Minatom (Russian: Минaтом)] was established as a successor to the Russian part of the Ministry of Nuclear Engineering and Industry of the USSR on 29 January 1992, after the dissolution of the Soviet Union . The newly created ministry received about 80% of the enterprises of the union department, including 9 nuclear power plants with 28 power units. Under this name,

2450-562: The Russian invasion of Ukraine. In 2017, Rosatom decided to invest in wind power , believing that rapid cost reductions in the renewable industry will become a competitive threat to nuclear power, and started to build wind turbine . Rosatom was also concerned that nuclear export opportunities were becoming exhausted. In October, Rosatom was reported to be considering postponing commissioning new nuclear plants in Russia due to excess generation capacity and that new nuclear electricity prices are higher than for existing plant. The Russian government

2520-541: The Scientific and Technical Complex ( Russian : Научно-технический комплекс ) also known as the KB ( Russian : КБ ), which consists of KB-1 (nuclear charges) ( Russian : КБ-1 (ядерные заряды) ), KB-2 (nuclear munitions) ( Russian : КБ-2 (ядерные боеприпасы) ), KB-3 (special security) ( Russian : КБ-3 (специальная безопасность) ), and KB-12 (special topics) ( Russian : КБ-12 (специальная тематика) ). On February 11, 1943,

2590-578: The Semipalatinsk test site. In particular, nuclear warheads of interceptor missiles were tested there such as the anti-missile defense system A-135 "Amur" . The majority of nuclear charges, unique in terms of various indicators, were created at RFNC-VNIITF: All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Physics The All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Physics ( VNIIEF ) ( Russian : Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт экспериментальной физики )

2660-611: The Treasury Office of Foreign Assets Control sanctioned Rosatom's carbon fibre-producing UMATEX subsidiary group of companies in Russia and the Czech Republic pursuant to Executive Order 14024 , as part of a drive against Russia's suppliers of carbon fibers . The Foundation for Defense of Democracies recommends a blanket ban in the US on Rosatom. It said the total revenue accrued by Rosatom from US and European sources

2730-503: The ZNPP would represent the biggest nuclear theft in history. In an essay written in July 2023 it was written that Rosatom supplied fuel to 78 power reactors in 15 countries, and had more than a third of the global nuclear fuel market. Cameco , Orano and ConverDyn were listed as competitors. As of early 2021, Rosatom included 356 of various organizational and legal forms. Some belong to

2800-647: The administrative structure of the Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and excluded from all records. Research laboratories and design departments of KB-11 began to develop their activities directly in Sarov in the spring of 1947. At the same time, the first production shops of experimental plants No. 1 and No. 2 were created. On March 3, 1949, the Council of Ministers of the USSR adopted decree No. 863-327ss/op on

2870-602: The construction of the USSR's first plant for the industrial production of atomic bombs as part of KB-11 in 1949-1950. On June 6, 1950, KB-11 was transferred from the Laboratory of Measuring Instruments of the USSR Academy of Sciences to the direct jurisdiction of The First Main Directorate under the USSR Council of Ministers, on the basis of which, in turn, on July 1, 1953, the Ministry of Medium Machine Building

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2940-729: The country's total electricity production. The corporation ranks first in overseas nuclear power plant construction, responsible for 76% of global nuclear technology exports: 35 nuclear power plant units, at different stages of development, in 12 countries, as of December 2020. Rosatom also manufactures equipment, produces isotopes for nuclear medicine, carries out research, and conducts material studies. It also produces supercomputers and software as well as different nuclear and non-nuclear products. Rosatom plans to further develop renewable energy and wind power . Two nuclear power plants are being built in Russia at Kursk-2 NPP with plans announced for 2 more units at Kola NPP. Rosatom has

3010-636: The development of international transit sea freight traffic along the Northern Sea Transit Corridor. Key companies include FSUE Atomflot , Directorate of the Northern Sea Route, Rusatom Cargo. In 2017, Rosatom decided to invest in wind turbine manufacturing, believing that rapid cost reductions in the renewable industry will become a competitive threat to nuclear power. Russia had recently offered subsidies for domestically built renewable technology. The managing company

3080-417: The enterprises of the nuclear power complex, which comprises organizations of nuclear energy, nuclear engineering , and the nuclear fuel cycle , such as enterprises for the exploration and production of natural uranium, conversion and enrichment of uranium, production of nuclear fuel, electricity and equipment, development of new technologies for the nuclear fuel and gas centrifuge platform. Others belong to

3150-544: The experiments was to test the effectiveness of seismic and hydrodynamic control methods proposed by the parties in the framework of negotiations on compliance with the 1974 Treaty on Limiting the Power of Nuclear Weapons Tests. Soviet specialists prepared and implemented an explosion at the Semipalatinsk Test Site , conducting joint control measurements of the power of the explosion with the American side using

3220-783: The gas-dynamic method for determining the explosion energy. They carried out similar control measurements during the experimental explosion at the Nevada test site. On February 28, 1992, by order of the President of the Russian Federation, No. 88-RPS VNII was transformed into the Russian Federal Nuclear Center or the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Technical Physics (RFNC-VNIITF). In October 1996, VNIITF director Vladimir Nechai shot himself in his office because of

3290-783: The group's own data, 14% of nuclear power plants in the world and 40% of thermal power stations in the CIS and the Baltic states use the holding equipment. In addition, the division is the largest producer of equipment for the VVER reactor and the world's only producer of the fast-neutron reactor ( BN reactor ). Its enterprises are also responsible for the design and manufacturing of reactors for SMR nuclear power plants, both onshore and offshore, as well as nuclear icebreakers. Key companies include OKB Gidropress , OKBM Afrikantov , JSC Machine-Building Factory of Podolsk, and AEM-technology. The managing company

3360-433: The growing number of new businesses outside of nuclear power, including wind energy, composite materials, additive technologies, and nuclear medicine, among others. The civilian assets of the Russian nuclear industry are concentrated within Rosatom's holding company Atomenergoprom , which unites 204 enterprises as of December 2020. The Rosatom companies are integrated into multiple divisions: The holding company of

3430-484: The inability to pay back wages to the company's employees. A critical attitude was developed for the development of missile defense systems. Many of the institute's activities were carried out in competition with RFNC-VNIIEF . In a number of areas - strategic complexes Navy , cruise missiles , aerial bombs, artillery - work was carried out mainly in RFNC-VNIITF. Test adits (site 108-k) for RFNC-VNIITF were at

3500-599: The intent to branch into 100 new business areas, including nuclear medicine, composites, wind energy, hydrogen, waste management, additive technology, and production of hydrogen. Nations supporting Ukraine following the 2022 Russian invasion sanctioned Rosatom and its subsidiaries. On 24 February 2023 the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office of the United Kingdom announced direct sanctions against Rosatom and its executives. The United States Department of

3570-467: The main contingent consisted of prisoners. On 07/01/1947, the number of prisoners in the labor camp at SU-880 was 10,098, of which 9044 were men and 1,054 were women. In February 1947, by the decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR KB-11 was classified as a highly restricted enterprise and was transformed from a territory into a closed restricted zone. The settlement of Sarov was removed from

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3640-625: The ministry existed until 9 March 2004, when it was transformed into the Federal Agency on Atomic Energy . On 1 December 2007, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a law adopted by the Federal Assembly under which the Federal Atomic Energy Agency was to be abolished, and its powers and assets were to be transferred to the newly created "State Atomic Energy Corporation Rosatom." On 12 December of

3710-484: The most powerful supercomputer at that time in Russia. On 9 February 2018, Interfax reported that several employees of the All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Physics (RFNC-VNIIEF) were detained because they had used the power of the greater than 1 petaflops supercomputer to mine cryptocurrencies on 8 February 2018. By 2018-2020, it was planned to increase the capacity of

3780-631: The plant's operation. Rosatom spokeswoman said that its employees are present at the ZNPP to ensure the safety of the plant and are not involved in its management or security. On 29 September 2022, the International Atomic Energy Agency was told by a Ukrainian ambassador that Rosatom had sent more officials to the ZNPP to enforce the change in ownership from Ukraine to Russia and to give the plant employees two weeks to apply for work with Rosatom. According to western media outlet Bloomberg, allowing Russia to claim ownership of

3850-472: The plant, threatened the Ukrainian personnel, and demanded the plant's manuals, procedures and other documentation. Since 12 March 2022, once Russian military forces occupied Ukraine's Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant (ZNPP), Rosatom employees have gained access and set a base there without permission of the plant's owner Energoatom . Rosatom engineers have demanded documentation and manuals on

3920-807: The production of gas centrifuges . Uranium enrichment is carried out at four TVEL Fuel Company plants, including Angarsk Electrochemical Plant in Angarsk , Irkutsk Oblast , Zelenogorsk Electrochemical Plant in Zelenogorsk , Krasnoyarsk Krai , Ural Electrochemical Plant in Novouralsk , Sverdlovsk Oblast , and the Siberian Chemical Plant in Seversk , Tomsk Oblast . Uranium is enriched using an advanced gas centrifuge technology to separate uranium isotopes. Depleted uranium hexafluoride

3990-561: The same year, the agency transformed into a state corporation . In 2015, the company's revenue amounted to 126 billion rubles. Between 2000 and 2015, Rosatom "was the supplier in around half of all international agreements on nuclear power plant construction, reactor, and fuel supply, decommissioning or waste". Russia has various diplomatic ties with different countries via nuclear energy diplomacy. Some form of formalized agreement exists with 54 countries as of 2023, although some plans for Russian-built nuclear power plants were canceled after

4060-479: The stage of testing. MOX fuel for fast sodium reactors is produced at the Mining and Chemical Combine, while uranium-plutonium mixed fuel will be produced at the Siberian Chemical Plant, which is currently under construction. A uranium-plutonium fuel REMIX (regenerated mixture) is being tested for VVER reactors; its commercial production is expected to take place at the Mining and Chemical Combine. SNF reprocessing

4130-527: The state corporation Rosatom. As of April 2021, 11 nuclear power plants (38 power units) operated in Russia with a total capacity of 30.5 GW, producing about 20.28% of all electricity produced in Russia. As a result of reforms and reassignments in the period from 2012 to 2014, Rosatom's engineering activities were concentrated within the management company Atomenergoproekt- Atomstroyexport (NIAEP-ASE), based in Nizhny Novgorod . Earlier, Atomstroyexport

4200-603: The structure of the USSR Ministry of Medium Machine Building. Since February 1992, it is called the - Russian Federal Nuclear Center - All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Physics ( RFNC-VNIIEF ). It is a federal state unitary enterprise of the nuclear weapons complex of the State Atomic Energy Corporation Rosatom (SC Rosatom). On March 9, 2011, a supercomputer was officially put into operation at RFNC-VNIIEF -

4270-970: The supercomputer to 1 exaflop . Directors: Scientific advisers: As of March 2005, about 24 thousand people worked in the Nuclear Center, of which over 44% were women. VNIIEF has 527 candidates of sciences, of whom 36 are women. Of the 102 doctors of sciences, three are women: Galina Vladimirovna Dolgoleva, Vera Vladimirovna Rasskazova, and Lyudmila Valentinovna Fomicheva. 54°55′12″N 43°19′48″E  /  54.92000°N 43.33000°E  / 54.92000; 43.33000 Rosatom State Atomic Energy Corporation Rosatom (commonly referred to as Rosatom Russian: Росатом , IPA: [rosˈatəm] ), also known as Rosatom State Nuclear Energy Corporation , (Russian: Государственная корпорация по атомной энергии «Росатом» , romanized : Gosudarstvennaya korporatsiya po atomnoy energii "Rosatom" ), or Rosatom State Corporation ,

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4340-442: The total portfolio orders of Rosatom reached $ 250 billion. According to the 2020 corporate report, its 10-year foreign order portfolio stood at $ 138.3 billion, while revenue reached $ 7.5 billion. The 10-year order portfolio for new products stood at ₽1,602.1 billion while revenue reached ₽261.1 billion. Several Soviet and Russian government entities with different tasks are among the Rosatom predecessors. On 26 June 1953,

4410-617: The village of Sarov was entrusted to Glavpromstroy by the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the USSR . To carry out all the construction work, a special construction organization was created - Construction Department No. 880 of the NKVD of the USSR. Since April 1946, the entire personnel of the plant No. 550 were enlisted as workers and employees of the Construction Department No. 880. In addition to civilian workers,

4480-416: The wall of the monastery there was a protected forest (the nature reserve is still very near to the Sarov closed city) for hundreds of square kilometers, where test explosions could be carried out unnoticed. Boris Vannikov commissioned a survey of the plant and on April 1, 1946 Sarov was chosen as the location of the first Soviet “nuclear center,” later famously known as “Arzamas-16.” On April 9, 1946,

4550-532: The work of Soviet scientists. Beginning at the end of 1945, a search began for a location for a secret facility, which would later be named KB-11. According to the memoirs of the academician Yulii Khariton , the place for the future institute was researched carefully: it had to be located at a distance from the cities, since it was required to test various explosive structures so that active plutonium could be compressed and when combined, would exceed critical mass . Having reviewed many locations, physicists came across

4620-539: Was a leak or explosion. On 28 June 2017, The Financial Times criticized Rosatom for lack of transparency regarding an alleged expansionist agenda through its role as a " Kremlin-controlled company ". On 20 March 2018, this criticism was underlined by the Bellona Foundation , who focused on the scarce data available on Rosatom's progress in Sudan . On 20 August 2020, Rosatom marked the 75th anniversary of

4690-558: Was around $ 2 billion in FY2023 and considered this unacceptable. The European Union dares not sanction Rosatom because of the clout it wields on the continent, although the European Parliament did call for sanctions as lately as 2 February 2023. Within the next two days after Russian military forces occupied Ukraine's Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant on 24 February 2022, Rosatom employees had gained unauthorized access to

4760-689: Was awarded the Order of the October Revolution . VNIITF was also awarded a certificate of honor by the Government of the Russian Federation in 2010. In September 1988, the Institute's staff took part in the Joint Verification Experiment of two explosions at nuclear test sites in the United States (Kearsarge, Nevada - August 8) and the USSR (“ Sary Shagan ,” Semipalatinsk - September 14). The purpose of

4830-446: Was engaged in foreign construction, and a number of independent engineering institutes with the name Atomenergoproekt were engaged in the design and construction of facilities in Russia: Moscow , St. Petersburg , and Nizhny Novgorod. Since October 2014 on the basis of NIAEP-ASE, Rosatom forms a unified engineering division, not including design company on nuclear power facilities and technologies Atomproekt. According to Kommersant , such

4900-467: Was formed. By the end of 1951, the experimental mass production plant No. 551, which came into operation in the second half of 1951 (plant No. 3 KB-11), produced 29 atomic bombs RDS-1 . The storage of atomic bombs was also carried out on the territory of KB-11 in a specially erected underground reinforced concrete storage warehouse. In 1967, KB-11 was transformed into the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Physics, which became part of

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