59-626: The People's Movement for the State ( Serbian : Народни покрет за државу , romanized : Narodni pokret za državu , abbr. NPZD ), also referred to as the Movement for the People and the State ( Serbian : Покрет за народ и државу , romanized : Pokret za narod i državu , abbr. PZND ), are the working names of the political movement in Serbia initiated by Aleksandar Vučić ,
118-553: A Slavic language ( Indo-European ), of the South Slavic subgroup. Other standardized forms of Serbo-Croatian are Bosnian , Croatian , and Montenegrin . "An examination of all the major 'levels' of language shows that BCS is clearly a single language with a single grammatical system." It has lower intelligibility with the Eastern South Slavic languages Bulgarian and Macedonian , than with Slovene (Slovene
177-629: A joint electoral list, the Belgrade Tomorrow , with its previous partners in addition to the Socialist Party of Serbia (SPS) and Serbian Party Oathkeepers (SSZ), on 7 April. The electoral list also included Social Democratic Party of Serbia (SDPS), Movement of Socialists (PS), United Serbia (JS), PUPS – Solidarity and Justice (PUPS), Healthy Serbia (ZS), Greens of Serbia (Zeleni), Serbian Radical Party , and Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians . Vučević said with its creation,
236-681: A representation of the struggle for Serbian freedom from Ottoman subjection. It slowly achieved popularity with the growth of national identities in Europe in the nineteenth century and came to be known as a day of remembrance. After 1918, the Yugoslav government designated Vidovdan as a day of remembrance to honor all those who died in war, particularly those of the Balkan Wars and World War I . There are significant events which coincidentally or intentionally occurred on Vidovdan: Beginning in
295-449: Is a rare example of synchronic digraphia , a situation where all literate members of a society have two interchangeable writing systems available to them. Media and publishers typically select one alphabet or the other. In general, the alphabets are used interchangeably; except in the legal sphere, where Cyrillic is required, there is no context where one alphabet or another predominates. Although Serbian language authorities have recognized
354-643: Is also the basis of standard Croatian , Bosnian , and Montenegrin varieties and therefore the Declaration on the Common Language of Croats, Bosniaks, Serbs, and Montenegrins was issued in 2017. The other dialect spoken by Serbs is Torlakian in southeastern Serbia, which is transitional to Macedonian and Bulgarian . Serbian is practically the only European standard language whose speakers are fully functionally digraphic , using both Cyrillic and Latin alphabets. The Serbian Cyrillic alphabet
413-536: Is part of the Western South Slavic subgroup, but there are still significant differences in vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation to the standardized forms of Serbo-Croatian, although it is closer to the Kajkavian and Chakavian dialects of Serbo-Croatian ). Speakers by country: Serbian was the official language of Montenegro until October 2007, when the new Constitution of Montenegro replaced
472-530: Is shows that it was in accord with its time; for example, the Serbian Alexandride , a book about Alexander the Great , and a translation of Tristan and Iseult into Serbian. Although not belonging to the literature proper, the corpus of Serbian literacy in the 14th and 15th centuries contains numerous legal, commercial and administrative texts with marked presence of Serbian vernacular juxtaposed on
531-718: Is the "identity script" of the Serbian nation. However, the law does not regulate scripts in standard language , or standard language itself by any means, leaving the choice of script as a matter of personal preference and to the free will in all aspects of life (publishing, media, trade and commerce, etc.), except in government paperwork production and in official written communication with state officials, which have to be in Cyrillic. Traffic signs and directional signs, and place names, on main or international roads are to be written with both Cyrillic and Latin script To most Serbians,
590-435: Is the only general historical dictionary of Serbo-Croatian. Its first editor was Đuro Daničić , followed by Pero Budmani and the famous Vukovian Tomislav Maretić . The sources of this dictionary are, especially in the first volumes, mainly Štokavian . There are older, pre-standard dictionaries, such as the 1791 German–Serbian dictionary or 15th century Arabic-Persian-Greek-Serbian Conversation Textbook . The standard and
649-794: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Serbian, written in the Cyrillic script : Сва људска бића рађају се слободна и једнака у достојанству и правима. Она су обдарена разумом и свешћу и треба једни према другима да поступају у духу братства. Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Serbian, written in the Latin alphabet : Sva ljudska bića rađaju se slobodna i jednaka u dostojanstvu i pravima. Ona su obdarena razumom i svešću i treba jedni prema drugima da postupaju u duhu bratstva. Article 1 of
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#1732775923248708-542: The 2024 Belgrade City Assembly election as part of the Belgrade Tomorrow electoral list, in which they won 64 out of 110 seats in the City Assembly of Belgrade . Miloš Vučević , the president of SNS, said that with the creation of the electoral list, the movement was also officially realised. The Serbian Progressive Party (SNS) was founded in 2008 as a split from the Serbian Radical Party . It
767-613: The Democratic Alliance of Croats in Vojvodina expressed their support for the creation of the movement. In an August 2023 interview for Politika , Ljajić said that "[SDPS] certainly expects talks with our coalition partner, the Serbian Progressive Party" ( [SDPS] svakako očekuje razgovore s našim koalicionim partnerom Srpskom naprednom strankom ) and that he sees the potential of the movement to be
826-543: The Justice and Reconciliation Party said that it would consider participating in the movement. The We – Voice from the People refused to comment on the matter. Serbian language Serbian ( српски / srpski , pronounced [sr̩̂pskiː] ) is the standardized variety of the Serbo-Croatian language mainly used by Serbs . It is the official and national language of Serbia , one of
885-746: The Ottoman army on the Kosovo field . Although the battle itself was inconclusive, and both Sultan Murad and Prince Lazar were slain, it led to the Ottoman conquest of Serbian principalities. After the Great Migrations of the Serbs in 1690, Vidovdan became a day to honor those who fought in the battle and fell "for their faith and homeland". The holiday was institutionalized by the church in 1849 and politically and publicly first celebrated in 1851 as
944-631: The Proto-Slavic language . There are many loanwords from different languages, reflecting cultural interaction throughout history. Notable loanwords were borrowed from Greek, Latin, Italian, Turkish, Hungarian, English, Russian, German, Czech and French. Serbian literature emerged in the Middle Ages , and included such works as Miroslavljevo jevanđelje ( Miroslav's Gospel ) in 1186 and Dušanov zakonik ( Dušan's Code ) in 1349. Little secular medieval literature has been preserved, but what there
1003-545: The Russian invasion of Ukraine . Political scientist Věra Stojarová noted that NPZD could adopt populist elements due to its proposed name. Deutsche Welle reported that the NPZD would represent the "third way" ( treći put ) in Serbian politics. Bojan Klačar, the executive director of CeSID , stated for Blic that the movement would likely be ideologically lean to the political centre-right . Balkan Insight has described
1062-517: The Social Democratic Party of Serbia , Movement of Socialists , United Serbia , PUPS – Solidarity and Justice , Serbian Party Oathkeepers , and Greens of Serbia have expressed interest in joining the movement. Inside SPS, there have been voices supportive and opposing of the movement, though Ivica Dačić , the president of SPS, supports the party's inclusion in the movement. All the aforementioned parties, including SPS, contested
1121-527: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights in English: All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. Vidovdan Vidovdan ( Serbian : Видовдан , lit. ' Saint Vitus Day ' ) is a Serbian national and religious holiday, a slava (feast day) celebrated on 28 June (Gregorian calendar), or 15 June according to
1180-406: The "Serbia dreams and its dreams come true" ( Srbija sanja i snove ostvaruje ) slogan was used. Nova reported that the movement would not officially have a president but that Vučić would instead act as its representative; Danas reported that Vučić would preside over a body that would include leaders of other political parties. After his election as president of SNS, Vučević said that Vučić would be
1239-517: The "barrier to any extremism, especially right-wing extremism" ( ja ga vidim kao branu svakom ekstremizmu, naročito desničarskom ). Milan Stamatović 's ZS negotiated with SNS about joining the movement in October 2023. The SSZ initially declined to take part in the movement; however, in February 2024 Milica Đurđević Stamenkovski , the party's president, confirmed that negotiations were held regarding
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#17327759232481298-592: The Constitution of 1992. Amid opposition from pro-Serbian parties, Montenegrin was made the sole official language of the country, and Serbian was given the status of a language in official use along with Bosnian , Albanian , and Croatian . In the 2023 Montenegrin census, 43.18% declared Serbian to be their native language, while Montenegrin was declared by 34.52% of the population. Standard Serbian language uses both Cyrillic ( ћирилица , ćirilica ) and Latin script ( latinica , латиница ). Serbian
1357-684: The Julian calendar. The Serbian Church designates it as the memorial day to Saint Prince Lazar and the Serbian holy martyrs who fell during the Battle of Kosovo against the Ottoman Empire on 15 June 1389 (according to the Julian calendar). It is an important part of Serb ethnic and Serbian national identity . The day became highly regarded by Serbs after the fourteenth century when the Battle of Kosovo took place on Saint Vitus Day in 1389. A Serb-led Christian coalition by Prince Lazar fought
1416-825: The Latin alphabet whereas 36% favors the Cyrillic one. Latin script has become more and more popular in Serbia, as it is easier to input on phones and computers. The sort order of the ćirilica ( ћирилица ) alphabet: The sort order of the latinica ( латиница ) alphabet: Serbian is a highly inflected language , with grammatical morphology for nouns, pronouns and adjectives as well as verbs. Serbian nouns are classified into three declensional types, denoted largely by their nominative case endings as "-a" type, "-i" and "-e" type. Into each of these declensional types may fall nouns of any of three genders : masculine, feminine or neuter. Each noun may be inflected to represent
1475-410: The Latin script predominates, although both scripts are commonly seen. The Serbian government has encouraged increasing the use of Cyrillic in these contexts. Larger signs, especially those put up by the government, will often feature both alphabets; if the sign has English on it, then usually only Cyrillic is used for the Serbian text. A survey from 2014 showed that 47% of the Serbian population favors
1534-450: The Latin script tends to imply a cosmopolitan or neutral attitude, while Cyrillic appeals to a more traditional or vintage sensibility. In media, the public broadcaster, Radio Television of Serbia , predominantly uses the Cyrillic script whereas the privately run broadcasters, like RTV Pink , predominantly use the Latin script. Newspapers can be found in both scripts. In the public sphere, with logos, outdoor signage and retail packaging,
1593-574: The NPZD was formed inside SPS with individuals such as vice-president Predrag J. Marković , who has said that SPS would lose its identity if it joined the movement. Vladan Zagrađanin also said that if SPS joined, it would "renounce everything that it had built up over the years" ( odrekla svega što je građeno godinama ). Besides Dačić, Đorđe Milićević and Snežana Paunović have also been supportive of SPS joining NPZD. During his visit to Germany, Milićević also called Serbs that live in Hamburg to support
1652-447: The NPZD would also publish its political platform "in 10 or 15 days" ( za deset ili 15 dana ). However, as of August 2023, the platform has not been published yet. Nataša Anđelković, a BBC News journalist, concluded that its orientation has not been strictly defined. Vujo Ilić described the formation of the movement as the "epitome of catch-all politics" ( otelotvorenje catch-all-a ). Journalists and political scientists have reported
1711-662: The NPZD. The Zeleni, another partner of SPS, expressed their willingness to join the NPZD in February 2024. Opposition parties such as the New Democratic Party of Serbia , Party of Freedom and Justice , Democratic Party , Dveri , and Movement of Free Citizens criticised its formation or declined to take part in the movement. Enis Imamović , a Party of Democratic Action of Sandžak member of parliament, said that "the movement does not provide answers to questions of vital importance for Bosniaks" ( niti daje odgovore na druga pitanja od vitalnog značaja za Bošnjake ), while
1770-420: The beginning of the 13th century, the entire official correspondence of Dubrovnik with states in the hinterland was conducted in Serbian. In the mid-15th century, Serbia was conquered by the Ottoman Empire and for the next 400 years there was no opportunity for the creation of secular written literature. However, some of the greatest literary works in Serbian come from this time, in the form of oral literature,
1829-580: The early 19th century, Vuk Stefanović Karadžić promoted the spoken language of the people as a literary norm. The dialects of Serbo-Croatian , regarded Serbian (traditionally spoken in Serbia), include: Vuk Karadžić 's Srpski rječnik , first published in 1818, is the earliest dictionary of modern literary Serbian. The Rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika (I–XXIII), published by the Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts from 1880 to 1976,
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1888-471: The executive board of SNS, announced that the NPZD would be formalised during the autumn. At the session of the main board of SNS, which was held in October 2023, there were no mentions of the NPZD. Shortly after the session, Vučić announced that the NPZD would be formed "in the coming period" ( u narednom periodu ). Parliamentary and Belgrade City Assembly elections were held in Serbia in December 2023. In
1947-477: The late 19th century, Serbian publications began to appear in Serbian literature promoting the idea that the holiday originated from the Slavic god Svetovit . The first to put forth such a view was Natko Nodilo , who attributed the cult of Svetovit to all Slavs, whose worship in Serbia was later deliberately replaced by that of a saint with a similar name. This view was supported by some later researchers. However, it
2006-687: The leader of the NPZD. Political commentator Predrag Rajić said that "the most logical thing for the movement would be to include ruling parties" ( najlogičnije bilo da u tom bloku budu partije vladajuće većine ); he named the SPS, SDPS, PS, and JS as potential members. Political scientist Zoran Stojiljković said that it could also include minor parties like the Serbian Renewal Movement and individuals that are supportive of Vučić but were not directly involved in politics before. Danas reported that PUPS and Strength of Serbia Movement could be
2065-605: The matrix of Serbian Church Slavonic . By the beginning of the 14th century the Serbo-Croatian language, which was so rigorously proscribed by earlier local laws, becomes the dominant language of the Republic of Ragusa . However, despite her wealthy citizens speaking the Serbo-Croatian dialect of Dubrovnik in their family circles, they sent their children to Florentine schools to become perfectly fluent in Italian. Since
2124-407: The most notable form being epic poetry . The epic poems were mainly written down in the 19th century, and preserved in oral tradition up to the 1950s, a few centuries or even a millennium longer than by most other "epic folks". Goethe and Jacob Grimm learned Serbian in order to read Serbian epic poetry in the original. By the end of the 18th century, the written literature had become estranged from
2183-518: The movement as centrist. Euronews said that with the creation of the movement, politically extremist and pro-Russian individuals could be excluded from taking part in the movement. Regarding this, Vučić said "We will not let you destroy Serbia, neither you extremists on the left, nor you extremists on the right. We want to go straight into the future." ( Ne damo vam da uništite Srbiju, ni vama ekstremistima s leve, ni vama ekstremistima s desne strane. Hoćemo da idemo pravo u budućnost ). At its rallies,
2242-566: The movement in Vranje on 11 March and in Pančevo on 19 May. Miloš Vučević , the minister of defence, subsequently succeeded Vučić as president of SNS on 27 May. Initially, it was announced that the movement would be formalised on Vidovdan ; however, shortly before Vidovdan, Vučić announced that it would instead be formed by September 2023. Later in August, Vučević and Darko Glišić , the president of
2301-495: The movement was also effectively realised. Journalist Zoran Panović agreed, and noted that it was done despite not having an official announcement. In the election, the Belgrade Tomorrow electoral list won 52 percent of the popular vote and 64 out of 110 seats in the City Assembly of Belgrade . Vučić and Vučević described the NPZD as a "state-building movement" ( državotvorni pokret ). In June 2023, Vučić announced that
2360-405: The movement. At the party conference on 10 March 2023, SNS stated its support for the formation of the NPZD, while after Vučević's election as president of SNS, it was confirmed that SNS would take part in the movement. Rasim Ljajić , the leader of SDPS, said that "it is logical for his party to be part of the new movement" ( logično da ... stranka bude deo novog pokreta ), while SPS, JS, PUPS, and
2419-412: The movement. Paunović said that SPS joining the NPZD would not "threaten the party's identity" ( ne bi ugrozio stranački identitet ) and that they would "put ideological differences aside in order to achieve a common goal" ( staviti po strani ideološke razlike i objediniti se oko zajedničkog cilja ). Dragan Marković , the president of JS and a coalition partner of SPS, also expressed his support for joining
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2478-415: The noun they modify, but must agree in number, gender and case with the modified noun. Serbian verbs are conjugated in four past forms— perfect , aorist , imperfect , and pluperfect —of which the last two have a very limited use (imperfect is still used in some dialects, but the majority of native Serbian speakers consider it archaic), one future tense (also known as the first future tense, as opposed to
2537-517: The noun's grammatical case , of which Serbian has seven: Nouns are further inflected to represent the noun's number , singular or plural. Pronouns, when used, are inflected along the same case and number morphology as nouns. Serbian is a pro-drop language , meaning that pronouns may be omitted from a sentence when their meaning is easily inferred from the text. In cases where pronouns may be dropped, they may also be used to add emphasis. For example: Adjectives in Serbian may be placed before or after
2596-512: The official formation of NPZD would take place. This time, analyst Dejan Bursać described NPZD as a "marketing trick" ( marketinški trik ) and as an attempt to divert from then-ongoing themes regarding the European Parliament adopting a resolution on the irregularities that occurred in the 2023 elections. Đorđe Vukadinović of Nova srpska politička misao argued the same. For the 2024 Belgrade City Assembly election , SNS formed
2655-451: The official status of both scripts in contemporary Standard Serbian for more than half of a century now, due to historical reasons, the Cyrillic script was made the official script of Serbia's administration by the 2006 Constitution . The Latin script continues to be used in official contexts, although the government has indicated its desire to phase out this practice due to national sentiment. The Ministry of Culture believes that Cyrillic
2714-682: The only completed etymological dictionary of Serbian is the " Skok ", written by the Croatian linguist Petar Skok : Etimologijski rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika ("Etymological Dictionary of Croatian or Serbian"). I-IV. Zagreb 1971–1974. There is also a new monumental Etimološki rečnik srpskog jezika (Etymological Dictionary of Serbian). So far, two volumes have been published: I (with words on A-), and II (Ba-Bd). There are specialized etymological dictionaries for German, Italian, Croatian, Turkish, Greek, Hungarian, Russian, English and other loanwords (cf. chapter word origin ). Article 1 of
2773-637: The parliamentary election, SNS regained its parliamentary majority , while the Belgrade City Assembly election resulted in a hung parliament . Election observers declared that electoral fraud occurred on election day. Vučić revived the question about the formation of the NPZD in February 2024; he said that the movement "should continue the economic growth of Serbia and defend [Serbia's] national and state interests" ( koji će imati snage da ubrza ekonomski rast Srbije i odbrani naše nacionalne i državne interese ). He did not, however, announce when
2832-473: The party joining the NPZD. Klačar argued that with the addition of Đurđević Stamenkovski and SSZ, the NPZD could receive votes from the right-wing bloc. Aleksandar Vulin , the former president of PS, also said in February 2024 that PS would join the NPZD if it received an invitation. Ivica Dačić , the leader of SPS, argued that with the formation of the movement, the cooperation between SPS and SNS could be put on an even higher stage. A faction opposed to joining
2891-515: The possible positions NPZD could take. According to the newspaper Danas , the movement would likely promote "responsible national and civic positions" ( odgovorne nacionalne ali i građanske politike ) and economically liberal policies. Nova reported that the movement would be positioned in the political centre , that it would support the accession of Serbia to the European Union , and that it would oppose sanctions on Russia related to
2950-481: The potential creation of a political bloc or a movement that would act as the rebranded SNS. Nova and Vreme news magazines compared the announced project to the All-Russia People's Front , saying that "the only common goal of the blocs is to strengthen [Vučić's and Vladimir Putin 's] personal ratings" ( zajedničko im je i to što je pravi cilj, zapravo, jačanje njihovog ličnog rejtinga ). The movement
3009-496: The potential members of the NPZD. Klačar said the bloc could exclude far-right parties. Vučić stated that the bloc "also needs Bosniaks, Hungarians, Roma, Slovaks, and Romanians in it" ( u njemu su nam potrebni i Bošnjaci, Mađari, Romi, Slovaci, Rumuni ) and that independent individuals would be part of the bloc. He also saw SPS as a potential member. Goran Vesić , the minister of construction, transport, and infrastructure, added that non-governmental organisations could also take part in
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#17327759232483068-770: The president of Serbia and then-president of the Serbian Progressive Party (SNS), in March 2023. Vučić defined it as a " supra-party movement" that would include political parties, such as SNS and the Socialist Party of Serbia (SPS), and other political movements, associations, and individuals. He organised rallies to promote the movement in March and May 2023. NPZD has not released its programme, despite it being announced in June 2023. Journalists and political scientists have, however, reported that it could take populist and centrist positions. Alongside Vučić's SNS,
3127-413: The second conditional (without use in the spoken language—it should be used for impossible conditional clauses). Serbian has active and passive voice . As for the non-finite verb forms, Serbian has one infinitive , two adjectival participles (the active and the passive), and two adverbial participles (the present and the past). Most Serbian words are of native Slavic lexical stock, tracing back to
3186-433: The second future tense or the future exact, which is considered a tense of the conditional mood by some contemporary linguists), and one present tense . These are the tenses of the indicative mood. Apart from the indicative mood, there is also the imperative mood . The conditional mood has two more tenses: the first conditional (commonly used in conditional clauses, both for possible and impossible conditional clauses) and
3245-466: The spoken language. In the second half of the 18th century, the new language appeared, called Slavonic-Serbian . This artificial idiom superseded the works of poets and historians like Gavrilo Stefanović Venclović , who wrote in essentially modern Serbian in the 1720s. These vernacular compositions have remained cloistered from the general public and received due attention only with the advent of modern literary historians and writers like Milorad Pavić . In
3304-592: The three official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina and co-official in Montenegro and Kosovo . It is a recognized minority language in Croatia , North Macedonia , Romania , Hungary , Slovakia , and the Czech Republic . Standard Serbian is based on the most widespread dialect of Serbo-Croatian, Shtokavian (more specifically on the dialects of Šumadija-Vojvodina and Eastern Herzegovina ), which
3363-481: Was devised in 1814 by Serbian linguist Vuk Karadžić , who created it based on phonemic principles. The Latin alphabet used for Serbian ( latinica ) was designed by the Croatian linguist Ljudevit Gaj in the 1830s based on the Czech system with a one-to-one grapheme-phoneme correlation between the Cyrillic and Latin orthographies, resulting in a parallel system. Serbian is a standardized variety of Serbo-Croatian ,
3422-536: Was initially referred to as the Movement for Serbia, Serb Bloc, and My Serbia by the media. Since then, the People's Movement for the State (NPZD) and the Movement for the People and the State have been the working names of the movement. On 8 March 2023, Vučić announced the formation of the NPZD. He also affirmed that SNS would not be dissolved and that the NPZD would instead act as a "supra-party movement" ( nadstranački pokret ). Vučić then organised rallies to promote
3481-402: Was led by Tomislav Nikolić until the 2012 elections, when he resigned from the position of president of SNS after being elected president of Serbia. Aleksandar Vučić succeeded him as president of SNS, while in 2017, he also succeeded Nikolić as president of Serbia after being elected in the 2017 Serbian presidential election . Following the 2022 Serbian general election , Vučić hinted at
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